Unit2词汇解析2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

八年级下册 Unit 2 单词深度精讲 重点标注：★★★ 核心重点 ★★ 次重点 ★ 一般 | 中考考点标注：📌 高频考点 1. sore /sɔː(r)/ adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： sore throat 喉咙痛 sore eyes 眼睛酸痛 feel sore 感到酸痛 例句： I have a sore throat and can't speak loudly. After running for an hour, my legs felt very sore. 中考考点： 常与身体部位连用，如 sore throat、sore back，完形填空和情景交际中高频出现。 2. throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： have a sore throat 喉咙痛 clear one's throat 清嗓子 a lump in one's throat 哽咽 例句： You should drink warm water if you have a sore throat. The singer cleared her throat before she started to sing. 中考考点： 常与 sore 搭配构成 sore throat，是看病类情景交际的必考短语。 3. stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n. 胃痛；肚子疼 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： have a stomachache 胃痛 get a stomachache 肚子疼 a bad stomachache 严重的胃痛 例句： He ate too much ice cream and got a stomachache. If you have a stomachache, you should lie down and rest. 中考考点： 中考常考 have a + 疾病名 结构，如 have a stomachache / headache / toothache。 4. headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n. 头痛 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： have a headache 头痛 a bad headache 严重的头痛 cause a headache 引起头痛 例句： I've been studying for hours and now I have a headache. Too much screen time can cause headaches. 中考考点： 同 stomachache 一样，属于 have a + 身体部位 + ache 结构。 5. toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ n. 牙痛 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： have a toothache 牙痛 suffer from toothache 受牙痛折磨 see a dentist for toothache 因牙痛看牙医 例句： He had a toothache, so his mother took him to the dentist. Eating too much candy can cause toothache. 中考考点： 常考建议类句型：You should see a dentist. 6. backache /ˈbækeɪk/ n. 背痛；腰痛 ★★ 拓展短语： have a backache 背痛 suffer from backache 腰背痛 chronic backache 慢性背痛 例句： Sitting in front of the computer all day gives me a backache. My grandfather often complains about his backache. 7. press /pres/ v. 压；按；挤；推 ★★ 拓展短语： press the button 按按钮 press against 压在……上 press on 继续前进 例句： Press the button to start the machine. She pressed her hands against the window to get a better view. 8. nosebleed /ˈnəʊzbliːd/ n. 鼻出血 ★★ 拓展短语： have a nosebleed 流鼻血 get a nosebleed 流鼻血 stop a nosebleed 止鼻血 例句： The weather is so dry that I often get nosebleeds. When you have a nosebleed, you should lean forward. 9. dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙科医生 ★★ 拓展短语： see a dentist 看牙医 go to the dentist 去看牙 dentist appointment 牙医预约 例句： You should go to see a dentist if your toothache doesn't go away. The dentist told me to brush my teeth twice a day. 10. fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ n. 发烧 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： have a fever 发烧 run a fever 发烧 take one's temperature to check for fever 量体温检查是否发烧 例句： She has a high fever and needs to see a doctor immediately. Drink plenty of water when you have a fever. 中考考点： have a fever 是看病类话题高频短语，常与 take one's temperature 搭配考查。 11. stomach /ˈstʌmək/ n. 胃；腹部 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： on an empty stomach 空腹 upset stomach 胃不舒服 stomach flu 肠胃感冒 例句： You shouldn't exercise on an empty stomach. I feel sick because my stomach is upset. 12. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免；防止 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： avoid doing sth 避免做某事 avoid trouble 避免麻烦 avoid mistakes 避免错误 例句： You should avoid eating junk food if you want to stay healthy. To avoid making mistakes, read the questions carefully. 中考考点： 常考 avoid doing sth 结构，后接动名词，是中考非谓语动词高频考点。 13. gas /gæs/ n. 气体；燃气 ★★ 拓展短语： natural gas 天然气 gas station 加油站 turn off the gas 关掉燃气 例句： Remember to turn off the gas after cooking. Natural gas is an important source of energy. 14. ache /eɪk/ n.&v. 疼痛 ★★ 拓展短语： aches and pains 各种疼痛 stomach ache 胃痛 My head aches. 我头痛。 例句： After the long hike, my whole body ached. She has been having aches and pains all over. 15. X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X光照片；X射线 ★★ 拓展短语： have an X-ray 拍X光片 X-ray examination X光检查 chest X-ray 胸部X光 例句： The doctor asked me to have an X-ray of my leg. The X-ray showed that his arm was broken. 16. careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的；粗心的 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： be careless about 对……粗心 a careless mistake 粗心的错误 careless driving 粗心驾驶 例句： He made a careless mistake in the math exam. Being careless while crossing the road is dangerous. 中考考点： 词性转换：care n./v. → careful adj. 小心的 → careless adj. 粗心的 → carefully adv. 小心地 → carelessly adv. 粗心地 17. runny /ˈrʌni/ adj. 流鼻涕的；流眼泪的 ★ 拓展短语： runny nose 流鼻涕 runny eyes 流泪的眼睛 例句： I have a runny nose and keep sneezing. The cold weather gave her a runny nose. 18. medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药；医学 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： take medicine 吃药 Chinese medicine 中药 medicine for cough 止咳药 例句： Remember to take your medicine three times a day. You shouldn't take medicine without a doctor's advice. 中考考点： take medicine（吃药）是固定搭配，不能用 eat 或 drink。medicine 是不可数名词。 19. mask /mɑːsk/ n. 口罩 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： wear a mask 戴口罩 face mask 口罩；面膜 gas mask 防毒面具 例句： It's important to wear a mask in crowded places. She bought a box of medical masks from the pharmacy. 中考考点： 近年来健康安全类话题高频词，常出现在阅读理解和写作中。 20. virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： flu virus 流感病毒 computer virus 计算机病毒 fight against the virus 抗击病毒 例句： Washing hands regularly can help prevent the virus. The computer was attacked by a virus and stopped working. 中考考点： 健康科普类阅读高频词，常与 prevent、spread、fight against 等搭配。 21. stop...from doing 防止……；阻止…… ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 prevent sb from doing sth 防止某人做某事 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 例句： Nothing can stop us from achieving our dreams. The heavy rain stopped us from going out. 中考考点： stop / prevent / keep ... from doing sth 是中考高频句型，三者可互换。 22. description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n. 描写；形容 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： give a description 描述 beyond description 难以形容 job description 职位描述 例句： Can you give a detailed description of the person you saw? The beauty of the sunset was beyond description. 中考考点： 词性转换：describe v. → description n.，写作中可用于描述人物或场景。 23. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 wait patiently 耐心等待 cancer patient 癌症患者 例句： The doctor is very patient with his young patients. As a teacher, you need to be patient with your students. 中考考点： 一词多义（名词"病人" / 形容词"有耐心的"），常考 be patient with sb 搭配。 24. injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： serious injury 重伤 suffer an injury 受伤 prevent injury 防止受伤 例句： He suffered a serious leg injury during the football match. Wearing a helmet can prevent head injuries. 中考考点： 词性转换：injure v. 使受伤 → injury n. 伤害 → injured adj. 受伤的 25. illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： serious illness 重病 mental illness 心理疾病 suffer from an illness 患病 例句： She missed school for a week because of a serious illness. Regular exercise can help prevent many illnesses. 中考考点： illness 与 disease 辨析：illness 泛指"生病"的状态，disease 指具体的"疾病"。 26. knife /naɪf/ n. (pl. knives) 刀 ★★ 拓展短语： a knife and fork 一副刀叉 cut with a knife 用刀切 pocket knife 小折刀 例句： Be careful when you use a knife to cut vegetables. In Western countries, people eat with a knife and fork. 27. clear /klɪə(r)/ adj. 清晰的；清楚的 v. 清理 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： clear the table 收拾桌子 clear up 整理；澄清 make it clear 说清楚 例句： It's your turn to clear the table after dinner. The instructions are clear enough for everyone to understand. 中考考点： 一词多义，常考 clear up（整理；放晴）和 make it clear that...（明确表示）。 28. pain /peɪn/ n. 疼痛；痛苦 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： in pain 在痛苦中 take pain to do sth 费力做某事 No pain, no gain. 不劳无获。 例句： He was in great pain after falling off the bike. No pain, no gain. You have to work hard to succeed. 中考考点： pain 与 ache 辨析：pain 泛指疼痛，可指身体或精神上的；ache 指持续的隐痛，常构成复合词。 29. what's more 更有甚者；更为重要的是 ★★ 拓展短语： what's more = moreover / besides what's worse 更糟的是 例句： He is kind and helpful. What's more, he is very hard-working. The hotel was expensive. What's more, the service was terrible. 30. brightness /ˈbraɪtnəs/ n. 亮度 ★ 拓展短语： screen brightness 屏幕亮度 adjust the brightness 调节亮度 例句： You can adjust the brightness of your phone screen. The brightness of the sun hurt my eyes. 31. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： protect the environment 保护环境 living environment 居住环境 natural environment 自然环境 例句： We should do our best to protect the environment. A clean and quiet environment is good for studying. 中考考点： 环保类话题核心词，词性转换：environment n. → environmental adj. 环境的，写作必背词汇。 32. cross /krɒs/ v. 穿越；横过；交叉 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： cross the road 过马路 cross one's legs 跷二郎腿 cross out 划掉 例句： Always look both ways before you cross the road. Remember to cross the street at the crosswalk. 中考考点： cross（动词）与 across（介词）辨析：cross the road = go across the road。 33. catch fire 着火 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： catch fire easily 容易着火 be on fire 着火（状态） set fire to 放火 例句： Paper catches fire easily, so keep it away from flames. The old building caught fire last night. 中考考点： 安全类话题高频短语，常与 on fire、put out the fire 等搭配考查。 34. themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他（或她、它）们自己 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： by themselves 独自；靠自己 enjoy themselves 玩得开心 teach themselves 自学 例句： The children enjoyed themselves at the amusement park. They finished the project all by themselves. 中考考点： 反身代词常考固定搭配：by oneself、enjoy oneself、teach oneself。 35. fry /fraɪ/ v. 油炸；油煎；油炒 ★★ 拓展短语： fried chicken 炸鸡 stir-fry 炒菜 deep fry 油炸 例句： My mother is frying fish in the kitchen. Fried food is delicious but not healthy. 36. turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： turn on the light 开灯 turn on the TV 打开电视 turn on the tap 打开水龙头 例句： Please turn on the light. It's too dark in here. Don't forget to turn on the gas before cooking. 中考考点： turn on / off / up / down 是中考常考的短语动词辨析，完形填空必考。 37. stove /stəʊv/ n. 厨房灶具；炉子 ★★ 拓展短语： gas stove 燃气灶 electric stove 电炉 cook on the stove 在炉子上做饭 例句： Remember to turn off the stove after cooking. My grandmother still uses a wood stove to cook. 38. happily /ˈhæpɪli/ adv. 快乐地；高兴地 ★★ 拓展短语： live happily 幸福地生活 happily ever after 从此幸福地生活（童话结尾） 例句： The children were playing happily in the park. They lived happily ever after. 39. no way 不可能；没门 ★★ 拓展短语： no way = impossible There's no way... 绝不可能…… 例句： No way! I can't believe you won the lottery. There's no way I can finish this work in one hour. 40. burn /bɜːn/ v. (burnt, burnt) 燃烧；着火 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： burn down 烧毁 burn out 烧尽；筋疲力尽 get burnt 被烧伤 例句： Be careful not to burn your hand on the hot pan. The candle burnt all night long. 中考考点： 词形变化：burn - burnt/burned - burnt/burned，过去式和过去分词两种形式均可。 41. on fire 着火；起火 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： be on fire 着火 set sth on fire 放火烧某物 like a house on fire 迅速地；猛烈地 例句： Look! The building is on fire! Call 119 immediately. The dry grass caught on fire easily in the hot sun. 中考考点： catch fire（动作"着火"）与 be on fire（状态"着火了"）区分。 42. flame /fleɪm/ n. 火焰 ★★ 拓展短语： burst into flames 突然燃烧起来 flame of passion 激情之火 in flames 在燃烧中 例句： The flames spread quickly through the dry forest. The candle flame flickered in the wind. 43. panic /ˈpænɪk/ n. 惊恐；恐慌 ★★ 拓展短语： in panic 惊慌地 panic attack 恐慌发作 Don't panic! 别慌！ 例句： Don't panic! Stay calm and think of a way out. The crowd was in panic when the fire alarm went off. 44. onto /ˈɒntuː/ prep. 向；朝 ★★ 拓展短语： jump onto 跳到……上 climb onto 爬到……上 get onto 登上 例句： The cat jumped onto the table and knocked over a cup. He climbed onto the roof to get the ball. 45. throw /θrəʊ/ v. (threw, thrown) 扔；抛 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： throw away 扔掉 throw at 朝……扔 throw oneself into 投身于 例句： Don't throw rubbish on the ground. Use the bin. He threw the ball to his teammate. 中考考点： throw away（扔掉）是中考常考短语，词形变化：throw - threw - thrown。 46. hit /hɪt/ v. (hit, hit) 碰撞；击；打 n. 打；击；击中 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： hit sb on the head 打某人的头 hit the target 击中目标 hit the road 上路 例句： The ball hit him on the back of his head. A car hit the tree, but luckily no one was hurt. 中考考点： 词形变化：hit - hit - hit（AAA型不规则动词），常考被动语态。 47. shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 v. 使震惊 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： in shock 震惊的 a shock to sb 让某人震惊 be shocked at 对……感到震惊 例句： The news of his death came as a great shock to everyone. I was shocked at what I saw. 中考考点： 词性转换：shock v./n. → shocked adj. 感到震惊的 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的 48. bleed /bliːd/ v. (bled, bled) 流血；出血 ★★ 拓展短语： bleed heavily 大量出血 stop bleeding 止血 nose bleed 流鼻血 例句： His finger was cut and started to bleed. Press the wound to stop the bleeding. 49. check /tʃek/ v. 检查；查明 n. 检查；调查 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： check in 办理入住 check out 退房；查看 check up on 检查；核实 例句： Please check your answers before handing in your paper. The doctor checked my heart and lungs. 中考考点： check in（入住）和 check out（退房；结账）是中考情景交际常考短语。 50. roll /rəʊl/ v. (使)翻滚；滚动 ★★ 拓展短语： roll over 翻身 roll up 卷起 roll down 滚下 例句： The ball rolled down the hill and into the river. Please roll up the map after using it. 51. quick /kwɪk/ adj. 快的；迅速的 adv. 迅速地 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： be quick 快点 quick response 快速反应 quick thinking 思维敏捷 例句： Be quick! The bus is coming. She gave a quick answer to the question. 中考考点： quick（形容词）与 quickly（副词）的用法区分，比较级 quicker / more quickly。 52. be about to 即将；正要（做某事） ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： be about to do sth 即将做某事 be about to...when... 正要……这时…… 例句： I was about to leave when the phone rang. The plane is about to take off. Please fasten your seat belt. 中考考点： be about to do 表示"即将做某事"，不与具体时间状语连用。常与 when 连用表示"正要……这时突然……"。 53. stop short 突然停住 ★ 拓展短语： stop short of 差一点就…… stop short at 在……突然停下 例句： He stopped short when he saw the snake on the path. The car stopped short just before hitting the dog. 54. aid /eɪd/ n.&v. 帮助；援助 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： first aid 急救 come to one's aid 来帮助某人 aid in doing sth 帮助做某事 例句： Everyone should learn some basic first aid skills. The government sent aid to the flood victims. 中考考点： first aid（急救）是中考安全类话题高频短语。 55. first aid 急救 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： first aid kit 急救箱 first aid training 急救培训 give first aid 实施急救 例句： You should keep a first aid kit in your car. The Red Cross offers first aid training courses. 中考考点： 安全与健康类话题必考短语，常出现在完形填空和阅读理解中。 56. tight /taɪt/ adj. 疼痛的；憋气的；紧的 ★★ 拓展短语： tight shoes 挤脚的鞋 tight schedule 紧张的日程 hold tight 抓紧 例句： These shoes are too tight. I need a larger size. We have a tight schedule today, so let's hurry up. 57. peanut /ˈpiːnʌt/ n. 花生 ★ 拓展短语： peanut butter 花生酱 peanut oil 花生油 be allergic to peanuts 对花生过敏 例句： Some people are allergic to peanuts. Peanut butter is my favorite spread for bread. 58. nervously /ˈnɜːvəsli/ adv. 紧张不安地 ★★ 拓展短语： wait nervously 紧张地等待 speak nervously 紧张地说话 smile nervously 紧张地笑 例句： She waited nervously for the exam results. He spoke nervously in front of the whole class. 59. allergic /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/ adj. 过敏的 ★★ 拓展短语： be allergic to 对……过敏 allergic reaction 过敏反应 allergic to cats 对猫过敏 例句： My brother is allergic to seafood, so he never eats shrimp. If you are allergic to pollen, wear a mask in spring. 60. from now on 从现在起 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： from now on = from this moment from then on 从那时起 from now until 从现在直到 例句： From now on, I will study harder to achieve my goals. I promise to be more careful from now on. 中考考点： 常与一般将来时连用，写作中可用于表达决心和计划。 61. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全；安全处所 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： road safety 道路安全 food safety 食品安全 safety first 安全第一 例句： Safety first! Always wear a helmet when riding a bike. The children were led to safety by the firefighters. 中考考点： 词性转换：safe adj. 安全的 → safety n. 安全 → safely adv. 安全地，安全类话题核心词。 62. extinguisher /ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃə(r)/ n. 灭火器 ★ 拓展短语： fire extinguisher 灭火器 use a fire extinguisher 使用灭火器 例句： Every building should be equipped with fire extinguishers. Do you know how to use a fire extinguisher? 63. eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 ★★ 拓展短语： eat out = dine out eat in 在家吃 go out to eat 出去吃 例句： My family usually eats out on weekends. Eating out too often is not good for your health. 64. tonight /təˈnaɪt/ adv. 在今晚 n. 今夜；今晚 ★★ 拓展短语： tonight's dinner 今晚的晚餐 go out tonight 今晚出去 see you tonight 今晚见 例句： There will be a concert tonight at the city square. What are you going to do tonight? 65. sadly /ˈsædli/ adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 ★★ 拓展短语： cry sadly 伤心地哭 shake one's head sadly 伤心地摇头 sadly enough 说来遗憾 例句： She looked at the broken vase sadly. Sadly, the old tree was cut down. 66. smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 v. 吸烟；冒烟 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： second-hand smoke 二手烟 No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ smoke-free 无烟的 例句： Smoking is harmful to your health. The chimney is smoking heavily. 中考考点： 健康类话题高频词，No smoking 是公共标识常考内容。 67. unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地；可惜地 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： unfortunately = unluckily Unfortunately, ... 不幸的是，…… 例句： Unfortunately, we missed the last bus home. He tried his best, but unfortunately he failed the exam. 中考考点： 词性转换：fortunate adj. → fortunately adv. → unfortunately adv.，常用于句首表示转折。 68. luckily /ˈlʌkɪli/ adv. 幸运地 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： luckily = fortunately Luckily, ... 幸运的是，…… 例句： Luckily, no one was hurt in the accident. He fell off the bike, but luckily he wasn't injured. 中考考点： luckily 与 unfortunately 是反义词，常出现在完形填空的上下文逻辑中。 69. badly /ˈbædli/ adv. (worse, worst) 严重地 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： badly hurt 严重受伤 badly need 急需 badly damaged 严重损坏 例句： He was badly hurt in the car accident. The school badly needs new computers. 中考考点： 比较级和最高级为不规则变化：badly - worse - worst。 70. harm /hɑːm/ n.&v. 伤害；损害 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： do harm to 对……有害 harm one's health 损害健康 mean no harm 没有恶意 例句： Smoking does great harm to your health. Too much screen time can harm your eyes. 中考考点： do harm to = be harmful to，词性转换：harm n./v. → harmful adj. 有害的 → harmless adj. 无害的 71. pill /pɪl/ n. 药丸；药片 ★★ 拓展短语： take a pill 吃药丸 sleeping pill 安眠药 vitamin pill 维生素片 例句： The doctor told me to take two pills after each meal. She takes vitamin pills every morning. 72. deal with 处理；对付 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： deal with problems 处理问题 deal with stress 应对压力 deal with a situation 处理情况 例句： How do you deal with the stress of exams? He is good at dealing with difficult customers. 中考考点： deal with 与 do with 辨析：deal with 常与 how 连用，do with 常与 what 连用。 73. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 情感；情绪 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： express emotions 表达情感 control one's emotions 控制情绪 mixed emotions 百感交集 例句： It's important to learn how to control your emotions. Writing a diary can help you express your emotions. 中考考点： 词性转换：emotion n. → emotional adj. 情绪化的；情感的 74. upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的；沮丧的 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： be upset about 对……感到难过 feel upset 感到沮丧 get upset 变得心烦 例句： She was upset about failing the math exam. Don't be upset. Everything will be fine. 中考考点： upset 作形容词时，常与 about / over 连用，表示"对……感到难过"。 75. lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： feel lonely 感到孤独 a lonely village 偏僻的村庄 lonely life 孤独的生活 例句： The old man lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely. Moving to a new city made her feel lonely at first. 中考考点： lonely（孤独的，强调情感）与 alone（独自的，强调客观状态）辨析。 76. shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. 震惊的 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 震惊地做某事 shocked silence 震惊的沉默 例句： Everyone was shocked at the news of the earthquake. I was shocked to see how much the city had changed. 中考考点： shocked（感到震惊的）修饰人，shocking（令人震惊的）修饰物。 77. painful /ˈpeɪnfl/ adj. (身体部位)疼痛的；令人痛苦的 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： a painful experience 痛苦的经历 painful memories 痛苦的回忆 be painful to do sth 做某事很痛苦 例句： The wound was still painful, so he couldn't walk properly. Losing the game was a painful experience for the team. 中考考点： 词性转换：pain n. → painful adj. → painless adj. 无痛的 78. lie /laɪ/ v. (lay, lain) 平躺；平放 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： lie down 躺下 lie on one's back 仰卧 lie in bed 躺在床上 例句： If you feel tired, you should lie down and rest. The cat was lying on the sofa, sleeping peacefully. 中考考点： 注意区分三个"lie"：lie - lay - lain（躺）、lie - lied - lied（说谎）、lay - laid - laid（放置）。 79. lie down 平躺；平卧 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： lie down to rest 躺下休息 lie down on the bed 躺在床上 例句： The doctor told him to lie down on the bed for a check-up. I need to lie down for a while because I have a headache. 80. harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： be harmful to 对……有害 harmful effects 有害影响 harmful substances 有害物质 例句： Too much sugar is harmful to your teeth. Smoking is harmful to both smokers and non-smokers. 中考考点： be harmful to = do harm to，是中考环保和健康类话题高频短语。 81. alone /əˈləʊn/ adv. 独自；单独 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： live alone 独自生活 leave sb alone 不打扰某人 all alone 独自一人 例句： The little girl was too scared to stay alone at home. He lives alone but he has many friends. 中考考点： alone（客观独自）与 lonely（主观孤独）辨析，完形填空常考。 82. control /kənˈtrəʊl/ v.&n. 控制 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： control oneself 控制自己 under control 在控制之下 out of control 失控 take control of 控制 例句： You should learn to control your temper. The fire was finally brought under control. 中考考点： under control（受控）和 out of control（失控）是中考常考短语。 83. anger /ˈæŋgə(r)/ n. 怒火 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： control one's anger 控制愤怒 in anger 愤怒地 be filled with anger 充满愤怒 例句： He tried to control his anger and spoke calmly. She shouted at him in anger. 中考考点： 词性转换：angry adj. 生气的 → anger n. 愤怒 → angrily adv. 愤怒地 84. advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 建议；劝告 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth 建议做某事 advise against 劝告不要 例句： The doctor advised me to drink more water and get enough sleep. I advise waiting until the rain stops. 中考考点： advise sb to do sth 是中考高频结构。注意 advise（动词）与 advice（名词）的词性区分。 85. hurtful /ˈhɜːtfl/ adj. 伤感情的 ★★ 拓展短语： hurtful words 伤人的话 hurtful comments 伤人的评论 be hurtful to 对……有伤害 例句： Don't say hurtful things to others, even when you are angry. His hurtful words made her cry. 86. stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 舞台；阶段 ★★★ 📌 拓展短语： on stage 在舞台上 at this stage 在这个阶段 stage of life 人生阶段 例句： She felt nervous when she stood on the stage for the first time. At this stage, we need to make a plan. 中考考点： 一词多义，既可指具体的"舞台"，也可指抽象的"阶段"。 87. importantly /ɪmˈpɔːtntli/ adv. 重要地 ★★ 拓展短语： more importantly 更重要的是 most importantly 最重要的是 例句： Most importantly, you should believe in yourself. He is smart, hard-working, and more importantly, honest. 第 1 页 共 30 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $