第11讲 Unit 2 Focusing culture（考点精讲精练）新八年级英语暑假预习讲义新教材沪教版

第11 Unit 2 Amazing numbers Focusing on culture （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 阅读关于数字发展的文章，了解古代不同的计数方法，也明白计数 方式的发展演变。 学习和理解本章节出现的单词和句式。 学习重点和难点 能读懂难度相当的阅读文章。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 单词背诵 1.________________n. （尤指乘飞机的）航程 2.________________ n. 日程安排 【搭配】________________准时 3.________________ adv. 到处；各个地方 4.________________ v. 向（某人）挑战 【变形】________________（形容词）挑战性的 【搭配】________________ 向......挑战...... 5.________________ n. 奖赏；奖励 6.________________ v. 承诺；保证 【搭配】________________承诺做某事 7.________________ n. 国际象棋棋盘 8.________________ n. 银 【变形】________________（形容词）银色的； 9.________________ v. 回复；答复 10.________________ n. 犹豫 【变形】________________v.犹豫 11.________________ v. 想知道；琢磨 【变形】________________adj.精彩的 ________________adv.异乎寻常地 12________________ v. 同意；赞成 【变形】________________ n.同意 ________________v. 不同意 13.________________ n. 百分之…… 14.________________adv. 目前；当前 【变形】________________adj.当前的；现在的 15.________________ v. 检查；核查 16.________________n. 预算 17.________________ n. 省份 18.________________adv. 急剧地；突然大幅度地 【变形】________________adj.急剧的；骤然的 19.________________ v. 计算（或清点）总数 【变形】______________ adj.无数的，多得数不清的 20.________________n. 系统 21.________________ n. 符号；记号 22. ________________ v.代表, 象征 23.________________ adv. 确切地；精确地 【变形】______________（形容词）精确的；准确的 二、 词汇衍生 1. flight n.航程—fly v.飞行；航行 2. challenge n.挑战—challenging adj.具有挑战性的 3. hesitation n.犹豫—hesitate v.犹豫 4. wonder v.想知道—wonderful adj.极好的；精彩的 5. agree v.同意—①disagree v.不同意 ②agreement n.同意；一致；协议 6. currently adv.目前；当前—current adj.当前的；现在的 7. sharply adv.急剧地—sharp adj.急剧的；尖锐的 & represent v.代表—representation n.代表；表现 9. exactly adv.准确地；确切地—exact adj.准确的；精确的 三、 一词多词性 1. challenge v.向（某人）挑战 n.挑战 2. promise v.承诺；保证 n.承诺；保证 3. reply v.回复；答复 n. 回复；答复 4. wonder v.想知道；琢磨 n.奇观；惊叹 5. check v.检查；核查 n.检查；核查 教材解析 In ancient times, people developed different counting methods. One of the earliest was called “tally sticks(计数棍）” Each “stick” (or pebble 鹅卵石，or other counting tool) stands for a thing we want to count, such as an animal or a bag of rice. For each animal we want to count, we draw one stick. This is called a “one-to-one correspondence(对应）” Tally sticks are easy to understand, but it can take a long time to write down large numbers. To write 1,000, you have to draw a thousand tally sticks! Later, people created faster ways of writing numbers. One such system developed in ancient India. Instead of using tally sticks, people began using different abstract(抽象的) symbols to represent different numbers. Researchers do not know exactly how this happened, but some believe that the sticks slowly turned into symbols over the centuries. These Indian numerals(数字）became popular, and people in the Arab world started using them too. Thanks to the Arabs, this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world. Nowadays, they are known as Arabic numerals. The ancient Romans wrote numbers in a different way. They used letters from their alphabet. For example, the number 12 is “XII" (10+1+1). The Roman numerals used to be the most common way of writing numbers in Europe. Today we stiI1 see them in many places, for example, on clock faces on buildings or books. But Roman numerals are not as common as Arabic numerals, maybe because they are too difficult to use! Read and answer the questions. 1. What is “one-to-one correspondence” according to the passage? 2.Why were tally sticks not suitable for writing large numbers? 3.How did the Indian numerals develop? 4. How did the Indian numerals spread around the world? 5. How did the ancient Romans write numbers? 6. Why are Roman numerals not as common as Arabic numerals today? 【重点·难点句式讲解】 1. Each “stick” (or pebble, or other counting tool) stands for a thing we want to count, such as an animal or a bag of rice. 每根“棍子”（或鹅卵石，或其他计数工具）代表一件我们想计数的东西，比如一只动物或一袋米 stand for 表示 “代表；象征” A stand(s) for B（A 代表 / 象征 B）。 In math, "x" often stands for an unknown number. 在数学中，“x” 通常代表一个未知数。 The flag stands for the country’s history and culture. 这面旗帜象征着国家的历史和文化。 count 1.计数；计算数量 She counted the coins in her pocket—there were 15 in total. 她数了口袋里的硬币 —— 总共 15 枚。 2. 重要；有价值 In exams, every point counts. 考试中每一分都很重要。 同根词（形容词） Countable 可数的 uncountable 不可数的 countless 无数的；数不清的 常见短语 count down：倒计时 We counted down the days until summer vacation. 我们倒计时直到暑假。 【典例分析】 1.What does "WTO" ______ in English? A. stand by B. stand for C. stand up D. stand out 2.Don't forget to ______ the apples before you give them to the children. A. count B. calculate C. consider D. control 3.The stars in the sky seem ______, but scientists can estimate their number. A. countless B. countable C. uncountable D. counted 2. Tally sticks are easy to understand, but it can take a long time to write down large numbers. 计数棒很容易理解，但写下大数字可能需要很长时间。 write down 写下；记下 若接代词（如 it/them），需放在 write 和 down 之间（write it down）。 接名词： Please write down your name and phone number on the paper. 请在纸上写下你的名字和电话号码。 接代词： The teacher said something important. I need to write it down. 老师说了些重要的话，我得把它记下来。 【典例分析】 1.Please ______ your name and phone number on this piece of paper. A. write down B. turn down C. take down D. put dow 3. Instead of using tally sticks, people began using different abstract(抽象的) symbols to represent different numbers. 人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来表示不同的数字，而不是使用计数棒。 instead of 代替；而不是 。表示 “用前者取代后者” 或 “不做后者而做前者”。 I drank water instead of juice. 我喝了水，没喝果汁. He studies at home instead of going out to play. 他在家学习，而不是出去玩。 We can take the bus instead of the taxi. 我们可以坐公交，而不是打车。 与 instead 的区别： instead of 后接名词 / 动名词（介词短语）； instead 单独使用，后接句子（副词）。 He didn’t drink juice. Instead, he drank water.他没喝果汁，而是喝了水。 symbol 象征；符号。后常接 of sth.，表示 “…… 的象征”。 The dove is a symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。 The dragon is an important symbol in Chinese culture. 龙是中国文化中的重要象征。 Gold has long been a symbol of wealth. 黄金长期以来是财富的象征。 represent 代表；象征,描绘；表现 She represents our class in the debate competition. 她代表我们班参加辩论赛。 The logo represents the company’s core values. 这个标志象征着公司的核心价值观。 The painting represents a peaceful countryside scene. 这幅画描绘了宁静的乡村景象。 【典例分析】 1.The national flag is a ______ of our country. It represents our pride and unity. A. sign B. symbol C. signal D. mark 2.在中国，红色通常被视为好运的象征。 In China, red is usually regarded as ______ ______ ______ good luck. 3. Our monitor will ______ us to attend the school meeting. A. represent B. replace C. remember D. remind 4.Thanks to the Arabs, this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world. Nowadays, they are known as Arabic numerals. 多亏了阿拉伯人，这种数字书写方式传播到了欧洲和世界各地。如今，它们被称为阿拉伯数字 be known as 被称为；作为…… 而闻名 后接职业 / 身份： Beethoven is known as a great composer. 贝多芬被称为伟大的作曲家。 接称号 / 别名： New York is known as “the Big Apple”. 纽约被称为 “大苹果”。 接特征 / 属性： The region is known as a land of natural beauty. 该地区以自然美景之地闻名。 拓展辨析：与 be known for /be known to 的区别 搭配 用法及含义 例句 be known as 强调 “以某种身份 / 称号闻名”（as 后接身份、称号） He is known as a scientist.他以科学家的身份闻名。 be known for 强调 “因某种特点 / 事物闻名”（for 后接原因、特征） He is known for his research in physics.他因在物理学领域的研究而闻名。 be known to 表示 “为…… 所熟知”（to 后接认知的对象，如人、群体） The theory is known to most students.大多数学生都知道这个理论。 过关练习 一、单项选择 1.The lion is often used as a ____ of courage. A. signal B. sign C. symbol D. mark 2.—Can you ____ the books on the shelf? —Sure. Let me see. There are 20 books. A. read B. write C. count D. see 3.The human body has a complex ____ that helps it fight against diseases. A. system B. structure C. pattern D. framework 4.The cheongsam（旗袍）is often worn by Chinese women to ____ Chinese culture around the world. A. discover B. represent C. create D. divide 5.The man ______described what he saw so that the police could understand clearly. A. exactly B. simply C. gradually D. probably 6.This kind of flower is very ____ in spring. You can find it in almost every garden. A. common B. unique C. particular D. extraordinary 7.The olive branch（橄榄枝） always ____ peace all over the world. A. stands out B. stands for C. stands up D. stands by 8.When you listen to the teacher in class, you should ____ important points so that you can review them later. A. put down B. look down C. turn down D. write down 9.Before you travel abroad, you'd better ____ the opening hours of the embassy in case you need to get some help. A. check B. choose C. collect D. correct 10. About ________ of the teachers in our school ________ born in ________. A. two-thirds; was; 1970 B. two-thirds; were; the 1970s C. two-third; was; 1970s D. two third; were; the 1970 二、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词 1.The central computer s________ can control (控制)all lights in this building. 2. Sichuan opera was first performed in the Tang dynasty in Sichuan and later d___________ into a popular art form in China. 3. If you go to Xi’an, a(n) a_______ capital of thirteen dynasties, you can’t miss its places of historical interest. 4.News about the school sports meeting s_____ quickly among the students. 5. As usual, it's time to go to the sea to feed t________ of seabirds there. 6. She asked the children to c____ the number of stars drawn on the blackboard. 7. It’s c_______ for people to feel nervous before a job interview. 8. The flag’s colors r________ the history and culture of the nation. 9. She knew e_______ what to say to comfort her friend in trouble. 10. We can c_____ beautiful cards with colored paper and crayons in art class. 三、用词的适当形式填空 1. The ____ student in line is ______ years old, and he loves drawing cats. (nine) 2. My aunt became a teacher when she was in her _______. (twenty) 3. The _____ grade has eighteen classes, and my friend is in Class _____. (eight) 4. It's easy _______apples because they are _________objects. (count) 5. She drank water instead of _______(eat)eating snacks during the break. 6. The ______ price of the book is 25 yuan, and I _______ have 25 yuan in my wallet. (exact) 7. My pen pal from _____ can speak both English and _____ languages. (India) 8. Rice is _______________(common) food in many Asian countries. 9. My grandpa used ________ (tell) me stories every night before bed. 10. The _____ hopes ________more wonderful cartoons for children, and each ________ makes kids happy. (create) 四、完成句子 1.在课上，没有必要把屏 幕上所有的东西都记下来。 In class there is no need to______ ______ all the things on the screen. 2.面对这么多困难，我们 决定继续奋斗，而不是放弃。 Facing so many difficulties, we decide to fight on ______ ____giving up. 3.把一个梦想变成现实 的最好方式就是立刻行动。 The best way to____ _____ _____ _____reality is by acting right away. 4.袁隆平，世界上最伟大的科学家之一，作为 “杂交水稻之父”而出名。 Yuan Longping, one of the greatest scientists in the world,____ ____ ____ “the Father of Hybrid Rice”. 5.罗马数字不如阿拉伯数字常见，也许是因为它们太难使用了！ Roman numerals are not ____ ____ ____Arabic numerals, maybe because they are _____ difficult ____ use! 6.不同的文化有不同的象征，一颗心往往代表爱。 Different cultures have _____ ________, and a heart often ____ _____love. 7.计数棒很容易理解，但写下大数字可能需要很长时间。 Tally sticks are easy ___ ________, but it can take a long time to _____ _____ large numbers. 8.多亏了老师的帮助，我过去数学很差，但现在我擅长了 ____ ___my teacher's help, I ___ ____be weak in math, but now I'm good at it 五、短文填空 A 短文填词 Chinese people are used to thinking the numbers 6, 8 and 9 are lucky ones, but how about 142857? This number seems (1) c____________, not special. but it is the most amazing number in the world. Why? Let’s look at a few facts about this number. First, get the number multiplied (乘) by 1 to 6 and all the results are amazing because they are made up of the same numbers but in different (2) o_________. For example, 142857 multiplied by 2 is 285714 while 142857 multiplied by 6 is 857142. Second, if it is multiplied by 7 and we get a more amazing number 999999. Third, the number is multiplied by itself and we can get a super large number 20408122449. However, when we (3) a______ the front five numbers to the back six numbers, we can (4)e________ get the same number 142857 again. Is it amazing? In fact, people found this mysterious（神秘的）number inside the pyramids（金字塔）of Egypt. People also (5)d_________ the number is linked to seven days of a week. So you see, how amazing the number (6) s_________ is! And we can learn a lot from it. B 语法填空 Have you heard of the saying “Fall down seven times, stand up eight”? It means that no matter what 1 (challenge) you meet, keep on going over a long time. This is called perseverance (毅力). And it can help you achieve lots of things. It is true that you can achieve 2 goal if you stick to it. You practice a skill on your bike over and over again and you make it. Or you continue to play basketball in face of difficulties. After a long time, you can play basketball 3 (perfect). Florence, 11, says, “I go running with my mom three times a week, even when I don’t feel like it, I try hard 4 (push) myself. I’m the fastest in my class now.” Studies show that feeling hopeful and working towards a goal that you really want to reach can cut down stress and make you feel 5 (happy). Achieving something you’ve worked hard for, and overcoming difficulties along the way, can also develop ___6____ (you )courage and make you feel braver to try new things. Angela Duckworth, who is an expert (专家) in thoughts and feelings, studies perseverance. Duckworth believes that it doesn’t matter how talented, clever or rich you are, perseverance really 7 (help) you succeed. Duckworth believes perseverance is something anyone can learn, and the best way to do this is to have a growth mind. This means 8 (believe) that your brain can grow, and that you can achieve anything if you work hard at it. 9 instead of thinking, “I can’t do this”, try thinking “I can’t do this… yet.” As the book The Big Life Journal says, “People 10 a growth idea know they can get better by working hard. They keep trying even when things are difficult.” 六、语法选择 Fred, a 1 boy, didn’t use to give his mother many problems. However, after his father’s 2 a few years ago, Fred’s life became 3 more difficult. His mother couldn’t afford her child’s education. So she had to work hard, and was often not at home. His mother tried to look after him well. Unfortunately, Fred still caused problems for him and his family. He was not 4 in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. However, his mother was very patient and didn’t give up 5 to help him. In the end, she made a difficult decision: to send him to a boy’s boarding（寄宿）school. Fred hated it at first and caused a lot of trouble. He told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Fred was wasting his time. The headmaster said it was necessary for Fred to talk with his mother. Fred called his mother and this phone call changed his life. “It was exactly 6 I needed” he said. “My mother helped me to understand how much she had given me. She also told me that 7 my father was no longer with us, he was watching me and would always be proud of everything good I do. That’s when I decided to change. I realize that since my father died, I have been afraid of 8 alone. and have tried to make my mother care more about me”. Fred 9 already. He has been working hard and is one of 10 students in his class. 1. A. fifteen years old B. fifteen-year-old C. fifteen-years-old D. fifteen year old 2. A. die B. dead C. death D. dying 3. A. much B. many C. more D. most 4. A. interesting B. interested C. interestedly D. interestingly 5. A. try B. to try C. trying D. tries 6. A. what B. when C. why D. how 7. A. if B. although C. as D. or 8. A. being B. to be C. be D. am 9. A. changes B. change C. has changed D. is changing 10. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 七、完形填空 In a small village, there lived a famous old carpenter (木匠). People traveled from far and wide to buy his furniture. One day, a young man came to 1 from him. The young man loved working with wood but was 2 hurrying to finish things. After a few days, the young man thought, “I can make furniture faster.” The old carpenter noticed this and said, “I can teach you to make furniture 3 , but first, you need to do a simple job.” He then handed the man a rough board and said, “Make this board smooth.” The man thought it was 4 . He sanded (用砂纸打磨) the board a few times and soon gave it back. The old carpenter felt the board and said, “It is not smooth enough. Try again.” A little impatient, the young man sanded harder. 5 the old carpenter shook his head once again. Feeling sad, the man started to 6 more. He wasn’t in a hurry anymore and sanded every part of the board carefully. Finally, the board was as smooth as a mirror.      This time, the old carpenter smiled and said, “You have learned an important 7 . Success needs not only skill but also 8 . The simpler the job, the more patience we need. When you perfect every part, you can make a perfect piece.” The young man understood that carpentry was not only about making things but also about 9 the mind. Life is like this: a successful person 10 forward step by step. Because every great achievement begins with a simple, patient start. 1. A. buy B. learn C. take D. hear 2. A. never B. seldom C. always D. sometimes 3. A. clearly B. quietly C. carefully D. quickly 4. A. hard B. boring C. easy D. interesting 5. A. And B. But C. So D. Or 6. A. write B. speak C. run D. think 7. A. story B. skill C. lesson D. subject 8. A. patience B. money C. time D. luck 9. A. changing B. opening C. shaping D. losing 10. A. jumps B. moves C. looks D. falls 八、阅读理解 A Do you know your mobile phone number well? Your number has 11 digits（数字）. You may sometimes find it hard to remember your number. That’s because China has the longest mobile phone numbers in the world. Why is that? The 11 digits include three parts. Each part has a different meaning. The first three numbers tell you the mobile phone service provider you are using. For example, 135 is for the China Mobile Communication Corporation（中国移动）and 188 is for China Unicom（中国联通）. The fourth to the seventh digits tell you where the number is from. And the last four digits are random (随机的）. The main reason for using 11 digits is that we have the largest population in the world. We once had 10 numbers. But as our population grew, there were not enough numbers for us to use. So we began to use 11 digits from 1999. Eleven digits can make tens of billions of mobile phone numbers. That’s enough for each person to have seven or eight phone numbers to use in China. Also, we can use the mobile phone numbers again. Usually, the service provider will use a canceled number again after three to six months. If you call a number that you haven’t called for a long time, you may find its owner has changed. Besides China, Britain and Japan also use 11-digit mobile phone numbers. But their numbers always start with 0. So they cannot make as many numbers as we can. Countries like the United States, Australia and India use phone numbers with 10 digits. Canada’s mobile phone numbers are perhaps the world’s shortest: they use seven digits. 1. What can we learn from the mobile phone number 188-4792-83437? A. The service provider is the China Mobile Communication Corporation. B. The digits 4792 tell you the area the mobile phone number is from. C. There are ten digits in the mobile phone number. D. The digits 8343 tell you the number of service providers in China. 2. Why do we use 11-digit mobile phone numbers in China? A. There are many people in China. B. People in China can remember numbers well. C. 11 is a lucky number for Chinese people. D. It helps people to remember more phone numbers. 3. What does the underlined word “canceled” mean in Chinese? A. 新型的 B. 已撤销的 C. 有用的 D. 特殊的 4. ________ can make the most mobile phone numbers. A. 10 digits starting with 1 B. 11 digits starting with 0 C. 11 digits starting with 1 D. 10 digits starting with 0 5. Which countries use phone numbers with 10 digits? A. Britain and Japan. B. Britain and China. C. Canada and Australia. D. India and Australia. B Many people hope lucky numbers will bring them good luck. In Chinese culture, some numbers are believed to be lucky or unlucky according to the Chinese characters that the number sounds similar to. For example, the number 8 sounds similar to the Chinese character for “making a fortune(发财)”. So people think it’s a lucky number. Some even spend a lot of money having the number 8 in their phone numbers or vehicle license plate numbers. The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics Games began at 8:08 p.m. on 8 August, 2008. The number 9 is also a lucky number because of its connection to the emperors(皇帝) of ancient China. There were nine dragons on the emperors’ robes(袍). It’s said that the dragon has nine children. The number 9 also stands for “long lasting”. That’s why a man always gives a woman 99 or 999 roses. Then what’s the unlucky number in China? It might be the number 4. Many Chinese people take 4 as an unlucky number because it sounds similar to the Chinese character for “death”. Because of this, some buildings skip the fourth floor, and people simply call it the fifth floor. In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip all floors numbered with 4, such as 4, 14, 24, 34, and all 40-49 floors. However, in many Western countries, some buildings skip the 13th floor because 13 is considered as an unlucky number. 6. In China, for which character does the number 8 sound similar to? A. Having more money. B. Keeping healthy. C. Making a fortune. D. Getting more chances. 7. Why does a man always give a woman 99 or 999 roses? A. Because he wants the woman to have a long life. B. Because he hopes they will live to 100 years old. C. Because he hopes their relation will last a long time. D. Because most women like the number 99 or 999. 8. In China, what is the fourth floor of some buildings called? A. The fifth floor. B. The fourth floor A. C. The fifth floor A. D. The fifth floor B. 9. Which is the unlucky number in Western countries according to the passage? A. 4. B. 24. C. 7. D. 13. 10. What can we learn from the text? A. Chinese people don’t build the fourth floor because it’s unlucky. B. Westerners skip the 13th floor because the number sounds similar to the word for “death”. C. Men always give women 99 roses because they want to have nine children. D. Some numbers may be considered as unlucky because of their sounds in China. C阅读配对 配对阅读：左栏是五个人的出生年代及当时生活状况的介绍，请你从右栏中为他们选择与之相对应的信息，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。其中两项是多余的。 1 Zhao Yuntian was born in 1962 in the south of China. There was no TV at his home when he was young. 2 Wang Jiangguo was born in 1974 in Beijing. He liked playing ping-pong very much when he was young. 3 Liu Haitao was born in 1981 in Shenzhen. Shenzhen developed rapidly when he was young. All kinds of household appliances (家用电器) went into people’s homes. 4 Zhang Hao was born in 1992. His childhood was happy. He could play computer games when he was young because computers began getting into people’s homes. 5 Li Bing was born in 2002. His childhood was colorful. The Internet and mobile phones became more and more popular. And he liked seeing movies in his spare time. A. His father began to do business after the reform and opening-up (改革开放). And his family got a motorbike, a TV-set and a fridge. B. His family spent much time traveling every year. But he was busy on weekends because his mother sent him to a lot of classes. C. He liked doing sports a lot and his favorite sport was ping-pong because lots of people at that time liked this activity very much. D. He was in poor health because he didn’t do much exercise. Worse still, he liked eating junk food very much. So the doctor advised him to go on a diet. E. Surfing the Internet was very popular when he was young. And he got a mobile phone when he went to school. And he often watched movies at the cinema. F. Jumping rope and playing hide-and-seek were his main activities in his childhood. He went to bed early at night because there was no TV. G. At first, he played computer games in the net bars. Then his family got a computer and he could do it at home. Of course, he did lots of useful things on computers. 阅读回答问题 This year, China started a 3-year “Healthy Weight Program”（2024-2027） to help people live healthier lives by fighting obesity (肥胖). Being overweight can cause problems like heart disease or diabetes (糖尿病). Here’s how the program works; Three Key Actions ■ Education for Healthy Living Families and schools are learning about healthy habits. For example, some schools are using something like health calendars to see how well students get and how much sweet they eat. Parents are asked to make sure their kids do at least one hour of physical activity every day, such as running or playing basketball. ■ Better Spaces for Sports Cities are building more parks, walking trails (步道), and sports centers. For example, Taiyuan City built more trails and parks to create a “15-minute fitness circle (健身圈)”. This means people can find a place to exercise in 15 minutes’ walk from home. ■ Medical Support Special “health clinics (诊所)” give advice on healthy eating and exercising. Doctors teach people to change unhealthy habits like not having dinners. Some even use traditional Chinese methods to help! Check your BMI now! BMI (Body Mass Index) is a number to check if you are overweight (超重) or not. Tips for Staying Healthy ● To eat well: Fill half your plate with vegetables and fruits. Choose brown rice instead of white rice. ● To stay active: Walk, swim, or ride bikes for 30 to 60 minutes daily. Even dancing counts! ● To sleep well: Get 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. It helps your body burn energy better. Staying healthy needs everyone’s effort—you, your family, schools, and society. Start today by choosing an apple instead of chips. A healthier future begins with you! 1. Why did China start “Healthy Weight Program”? 2. What are some schools doing to learn about students’ healthy habits according to the passage? 3. How do people know if they are overweight or not? 4. What can people do to stay healthy? (One example is OK.) 5. What’s your BMI? How do you like the program? $ 第11 Unit 2 Amazing numbers Focusing on culture （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 阅读关于数字发展的文章，了解古代不同的计数方法，也明白计数 方式的发展演变。 学习和理解本章节出现的单词和句式。 学习重点和难点 能读懂难度相当的阅读文章。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 单词背诵 1.flight /flaɪt/n. （尤指乘飞机的）航程 2.schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/n. 日程安排 【搭配】on schedule 准时 3.everywhere /ˈevriweə(r)/adv. 到处；各个地方 4.challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/v. 向（某人）挑战 【变形】challenging（形容词）挑战性的 【搭配】challenge... to... 向......挑战...... 5.prize /praɪz/n. 奖赏；奖励 6.promise /ˈprɒmɪs/v. 承诺；保证 【搭配】promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 7.chessboard /ˈtʃesbɔːd/n. 国际象棋棋盘 8.silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/n. 银 【变形】silvery（形容词）银色的；闪着银光的 9.reply /rɪˈplaɪ/v. 回复；答复 10.hesitation /ˌhezɪˈteɪʃn/n. 犹豫 【变形】hesitate v.犹豫 11.wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/v. 想知道；琢磨 【变形】wonderful adj.精彩的；绝妙的；wonderfully adv.异乎寻常地 12.agree /əˈɡriː/v. 同意；赞成 【变形】agreement n.同意 disagree v. 不同意 13.percent /pəˈsent/n. 百分之…… 14.currently /ˈkʌrəntli/adv. 目前；当前 【变形】current adj.当前的；现在的 15.check /tʃek/v. 检查；核查 16.budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/n. 预算 17.province /ˈprɒvɪns/n. 省份 18.sharply /ˈʃɑːpli/adv. 急剧地；突然大幅度地 【变形】sharp adj.急剧的；骤然的 19.count /kaʊnt/v. 计算（或清点）总数 【变形】countless adj.无数的，多得数不清的 20.system /ˈsɪstəm/n. 系统 21.symbol /ˈsɪmbl/n. 符号；记号 22. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v.代表, 象征 23.exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/adv. 确切地；精确地 【变形】exact（形容词）精确的；准确的 二、 词汇衍生 1. flight n.航程—fly v.飞行；航行 2. challenge n.挑战—challenging adj.具有挑战性的 3. hesitation n.犹豫—hesitate v.犹豫 4. wonder v.想知道—wonderful adj.极好的；精彩的 5. agree v.同意—①disagree v.不同意 ②agreement n.同意；一致；协议 6. currently adv.目前；当前—current adj.当前的；现在的 7. sharply adv.急剧地—sharp adj.急剧的；尖锐的 & represent v.代表—representation n.代表；表现 9. exactly adv.准确地；确切地—exact adj.准确的；精确的 三、 一词多词性 1. challenge v.向（某人）挑战 n.挑战 2. promise v.承诺；保证 n.承诺；保证 3. reply v.回复；答复 n. 回复；答复 4. wonder v.想知道；琢磨 n.奇观；惊叹 5. check v.检查；核查 n.检查；核查 教材解析 In ancient times, people developed different counting methods. One of the earliest was called “tally sticks(计数棍）” Each “stick” (or pebble 鹅卵石，or other counting tool) stands for a thing we want to count, such as an animal or a bag of rice. For each animal we want to count, we draw one stick. This is called a “one-to-one correspondence(对应）” Tally sticks are easy to understand, but it can take a long time to write down large numbers. To write 1,000, you have to draw a thousand tally sticks! Later, people created faster ways of writing numbers. One such system developed in ancient India. Instead of using tally sticks, people began using different abstract(抽象的) symbols to represent different numbers. Researchers do not know exactly how this happened, but some believe that the sticks slowly turned into symbols over the centuries. These Indian numerals(数字）became popular, and people in the Arab world started using them too. Thanks to the Arabs, this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world. Nowadays, they are known as Arabic numerals. The ancient Romans wrote numbers in a different way. They used letters from their alphabet. For example, the number 12 is “XII" (10+1+1). The Roman numerals used to be the most common way of writing numbers in Europe. Today we stiI1 see them in many places, for example, on clock faces on buildings or books. But Roman numerals are not as common as Arabic numerals, maybe because they are too difficult to use! Read and answer the questions. 1. What is “one-to-one correspondence” according to the passage? It is a counting method using tally sticks, where each stick (or pebble, or other counting tool) stands for a thing to be counted. 2.Why were tally sticks not suitable for writing large numbers? Because to write a large number like 1,000, you have to draw a thousand tally sticks, which takes a long time. 3.How did the Indian numerals develop? Instead of using tally sticks, people in ancient India began using different abstract symbols to represent different numbers. Some believe that the sticks slowly turned into symbols over the centuries. 4. How did the Indian numerals spread around the world? The Indian numerals became popular, and people in the Arab world started using them. Thanks to the Arabs, this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world, and now they are known as Arabic numerals. 5. How did the ancient Romans write numbers? The ancient Romans used letters from their alphabet to write numbers. For example, the number 12 is “XII” (10 + 1+ 1). 6. Why are Roman numerals not as common as Arabic numerals today? Maybe because Roman numerals are too difficult to use. 【重点·难点句式讲解】 1. Each “stick” (or pebble, or other counting tool) stands for a thing we want to count, such as an animal or a bag of rice. 每根“棍子”（或鹅卵石，或其他计数工具）代表一件我们想计数的东西，比如一只动物或一袋米 stand for 表示 “代表；象征” A stand(s) for B（A 代表 / 象征 B）。 In math, "x" often stands for an unknown number. 在数学中，“x” 通常代表一个未知数。 The flag stands for the country’s history and culture. 这面旗帜象征着国家的历史和文化。 count 1.计数；计算数量 She counted the coins in her pocket—there were 15 in total. 她数了口袋里的硬币 —— 总共 15 枚。 2. 重要；有价值 In exams, every point counts. 考试中每一分都很重要。 同根词（形容词） Countable 可数的 uncountable 不可数的 countless 无数的；数不清的 常见短语 count down：倒计时 We counted down the days until summer vacation. 我们倒计时直到暑假。 【典例分析】 1.What does "WTO" ______ in English? A. stand by B. stand for C. stand up D. stand out 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“WTO” 在英语中代表什么？ stand by：支持；袖手旁观stand for：代表；象征stand up：站起来stand out：突出；显眼 此处询问缩写词的含义，用 “stand for” 最合适，故选 B 2.Don't forget to ______ the apples before you give them to the children. A. count B. calculate C. consider D. control 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在把苹果分给孩子们之前，别忘了数一数。“count” 意为 “计数；计算数量”，符合数苹果数量的语境；“calculate” 侧重于 “计算（数字、结果等）”，如计算数学题；“consider” 意为 “考虑”；“control” 意为 “控制”，这三个词均不符合句意，所以选 A。 3.The stars in the sky seem ______, but scientists can estimate their number. A. countless B. countable C. uncountable D. counted 【答案】A 【解析】句意：天空中的星星看似无数，但科学家可以估算它们的数量。 countless：无数的（强调数量极多，难以数清）。countable：可数的（如 apples are countable 苹果是可数的）。 uncountable：不可数的（如 water is uncountable 水是不可数的）。counted：被数过的（动词过去式）。 此处描述星星数量多到看似数不清，用 “countless”，故选 A。 2. Tally sticks are easy to understand, but it can take a long time to write down large numbers. 计数棒很容易理解，但写下大数字可能需要很长时间。 write down 写下；记下 若接代词（如 it/them），需放在 write 和 down 之间（write it down）。 接名词： Please write down your name and phone number on the paper. 请在纸上写下你的名字和电话号码。 接代词： The teacher said something important. I need to write it down. 老师说了些重要的话，我得把它记下来。 【典例分析】 1.Please ______ your name and phone number on this piece of paper. A. write down B. turn down C. take down D. put down 【答案】A 【解析】句意：请在这张纸上写下你的姓名和电话号码。 write down：写下（强调用笔记录信息）。turn down：调低（音量）；拒绝（例：turn down the music 调低音乐）。take down：拿下；记录（较正式，如记录会议内容）。put down：放下；镇压（例：put down the book 放下书）。此处是 “写下信息”，用 “write down” 最合适，故选 A。 3. Instead of using tally sticks, people began using different abstract(抽象的) symbols to represent different numbers. 人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来表示不同的数字，而不是使用计数棒。 instead of 代替；而不是 。表示 “用前者取代后者” 或 “不做后者而做前者”。 I drank water instead of juice. 我喝了水，没喝果汁. He studies at home instead of going out to play. 他在家学习，而不是出去玩。 We can take the bus instead of the taxi. 我们可以坐公交，而不是打车。 与 instead 的区别： instead of 后接名词 / 动名词（介词短语）； instead 单独使用，后接句子（副词）。 He didn’t drink juice. Instead, he drank water.他没喝果汁，而是喝了水。 symbol 象征；符号。后常接 of sth.，表示 “…… 的象征”。 The dove is a symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。 The dragon is an important symbol in Chinese culture. 龙是中国文化中的重要象征。 Gold has long been a symbol of wealth. 黄金长期以来是财富的象征。 represent 代表；象征,描绘；表现 She represents our class in the debate competition. 她代表我们班参加辩论赛。 The logo represents the company’s core values. 这个标志象征着公司的核心价值观。 The painting represents a peaceful countryside scene. 这幅画描绘了宁静的乡村景象。 【典例分析】 1.The national flag is a ______ of our country. It represents our pride and unity. A. sign B. symbol C. signal D. mark 【答案】B 【解析】句意：国旗是我们国家的象征。它代表着我们的骄傲和团结。“sign” 通常指 “迹象；标志；招牌”，比如交通标志；“symbol” 意为 “象征；符号”，强调具有抽象意义的象征，国旗象征国家符合此用法；“signal” 表示 “信号”，如交通信号；“mark” 表示 “标记；记号”，如做笔记的标记。所以这里应选 B。 2.在中国，红色通常被视为好运的象征。 In China, red is usually regarded as ______ ______ ______ good luck. 【答案】a symbol of 【解析】根据 “…… 的象征” 的表达，应用固定短语 “a symbol of”，所以填 a symbol of。 3. Our monitor will ______ us to attend the school meeting. A. represent B. replace C. remember D. remind 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们的班长将代表我们参加学校会议。“represent” 表示 “代表”，符合班长代表班级参会的语境；“replace” 意为 “替换”；“remember” 意为 “记得”；“remind” 意为 “提醒” ，这三个选项代入句中语义不通。所以选 A。 4.Thanks to the Arabs, this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world. Nowadays, they are known as Arabic numerals. 多亏了阿拉伯人，这种数字书写方式传播到了欧洲和世界各地。如今，它们被称为阿拉伯数字 be known as 被称为；作为…… 而闻名 后接职业 / 身份： Beethoven is known as a great composer. 贝多芬被称为伟大的作曲家。 接称号 / 别名： New York is known as “the Big Apple”. 纽约被称为 “大苹果”。 接特征 / 属性： The region is known as a land of natural beauty. 该地区以自然美景之地闻名。 拓展辨析：与 be known for /be known to 的区别 搭配 用法及含义 例句 be known as 强调 “以某种身份 / 称号闻名”（as 后接身份、称号） He is known as a scientist.他以科学家的身份闻名。 be known for 强调 “因某种特点 / 事物闻名”（for 后接原因、特征） He is known for his research in physics.他因在物理学领域的研究而闻名。 be known to 表示 “为…… 所熟知”（to 后接认知的对象，如人、群体） The theory is known to most students.大多数学生都知道这个理论。 过关练习 一、单项选择 1.The lion is often used as a ____ of courage. A. signal B. sign C. symbol D. mark 【答案】C 【解析】句意：狮子常被用作勇气的一种象征。 signal：信号、暗号。sign：含义广泛，有符号、迹象、招牌等意思。symbol：象征意义上代表某种概念或品质的符号。mark：做辨认用的标记、记号，也可表示分数。狮子常被看作勇气的象征，这里表示象征意义，所以用 symbol，C 选项符合语境。 2.—Can you ____ the books on the shelf? —Sure. Let me see. There are 20 books. A. read B. write C. count D. see 【答案】C 【解析】句意：— 你能数一下书架上的书吗？— 当然。让我看看。有 20 本书。read意为 阅读；write意为 写；count意为 数，计数；see意为 看见。根据答语 There are 20 books.可知是要对书的数量进行统计，所以应该用 count。 3.The human body has a complex ____ that helps it fight against diseases. A. system B. structure C. pattern D. framework 【答案】A 【解析】句意：人体有一个复杂的系统，能帮助它抵抗疾病。 system 意为:系统，the human body system 即:人体系统，人体的免疫系统等能帮助身体抵抗疾病，符合语境。structure 主要指 结构；构造，强调事物的组成架构， pattern 表示 模式；图案， framework 意为 框架；构架 4.The cheongsam（旗袍）is often worn by Chinese women to ____ Chinese culture around the world. A. discover B. represent C. create D. divide 【答案】B 【解析】句意：旗袍常被中国女性穿着，在全世界代表中国文化。 discover意思是 发现，通常指发现原本就存在但未被人知晓的事物。represent意为 代表；象征，旗袍作为中国传统服饰，被女性穿着向世界展示，能够代表中国文化，符合语境。create表示 创造。divide意思是 分开；划分。正确答案是 B 5.The man ______described what he saw so that the police could understand clearly. A. exactly B. simply C. gradually D. probably 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个男人准确地描述了他所看到的，以便警察能清楚地理解。 exactly 意为 精确地，准确地，修饰动词 described，强调描述得准确，符合警察需要准确信息来了解情况的语境。simply 意为 简单地；仅仅。gradually 意为 逐渐地。probably 意为 大概，或许。因为 exactly 能准确修饰动词 described，突出描述的精确性，以满足警察清楚理解的需求。 6.This kind of flower is very ____ in spring. You can find it in almost every garden. A. common B. unique C. particular D. extraordinary 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这种花在春天非常常见。你几乎在每个花园都能找到它。 common意思是 常见的，普遍的，正符合花在春天很多，在各个花园都能找到的描述。 unique表示 独特的，独一无二的。particular意为 特别的，特定的。 extraordinary意思是 非凡的，特别的。因为只有 common能体现花在春天常见这一特点。 7.The olive branch（橄榄枝） always ____ peace all over the world. A. stands out B. stands for C. stands up D. stands by 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在全世界，橄榄枝总是代表着和平。 stands for意为 代表；象征，橄榄枝在文化寓意中象征和平，该短语符合此处语境。 stands out表示 突出；显眼，强调在众多事物中显得与众不同。stands up有 站起来；起立的意思。 stands by可表示 支持。 8.When you listen to the teacher in class, you should ____ important points so that you can review them later. A. put down B. look down C. turn down D. write down 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当你在课堂上听老师讲课时，你应该记下重要的知识点，以便之后复习。 write down意为 写下，记下，在课堂上把重要知识点记录下来，符合语境。 look down通常表示 向下看；轻视turn down拒绝；关小的意思。put down放下；镇压等含义。所以答案选 A。 9.Before you travel abroad, you'd better ____ the opening hours of the embassy in case you need to get some help. A. check B. choose C. collect D. correct 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在你出国旅行之前，你最好核实一下大使馆的开放时间，以防你需要得到一些帮助。 check 检查；核实；查看的意思，核实大使馆开放时间符合语境需求。choose选择。collect收集。 correct 改正；纠正。因为 check能准确表达查看、核实开放时间的含义。 10. About ________ of the teachers in our school ________ born in ________. A. two-thirds; was; 1970 B. two-thirds; were; the 1970s C. two-third; was; 1970s D. two third; were; the 1970 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们学校大约三分之二的教师出生在20世纪70年代。 考查分数的表达、主谓一致以及年代的表达。分数的表达方式为：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，分子大于一，分母加s。所以此处三分之二的表达方式为two-thirds，所以排除C和D；当分数作主语时，其后的谓语动词形式取决于后边的名词；teachers为复数，be born意为“出生于……”，且用于过去时，故此处用were，所以排除A；in the 1970s表示“20世纪70年代”。故选B。 二、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词 1.The central computer s________ can control (控制)all lights in this building. 2. Sichuan opera was first performed in the Tang dynasty in Sichuan and later d___________ into a popular art form in China. 3. If you go to Xi’an, a(n) a_______ capital of thirteen dynasties, you can’t miss its places of historical interest. 4.News about the school sports meeting s_____ quickly among the students. 5. As usual, it's time to go to the sea to feed t________ of seabirds there. 6. She asked the children to c____ the number of stars drawn on the blackboard. 7. It’s c_______ for people to feel nervous before a job interview. 8. The flag’s colors r________ the history and culture of the nation. 9. She knew e_______ what to say to comfort her friend in trouble. 10. We can c_____ beautiful cards with colored paper and crayons in art class. 【答案】1.system 2.developed 3.ancient 4.spread 5.thousands 6.count 7.common 8.represent 9.exactly 10.create 三、用词的适当形式填空 1. The ____ student in line is ______ years old, and he loves drawing cats. (nine) 2. My aunt became a teacher when she was in her _______. (twenty) 3. The _____ grade has eighteen classes, and my friend is in Class _____. (eight) 4. It's easy _______apples because they are _________objects. (count) 5. She drank water instead of _______(eat)eating snacks during the break. 6. The ______ price of the book is 25 yuan, and I _______ have 25 yuan in my wallet. (exact) 7. My pen pal from _____ can speak both English and _____ languages. (India) 8. Rice is _______________(common) food in many Asian countries. 9. My grandpa used ________ (tell) me stories every night before bed. 10. The _____ hopes ________more wonderful cartoons for children, and each ________ makes kids happy. (create) 【答案】1.ninth nine 2.twenties 3.eighth Eight 4.to count countable 5.eating 6.exact exactly 7.India Indian 8.the most common 9.to tell 10.creator to create creation 四、完成句子 1.在课上，没有必要把屏 幕上所有的东西都记下来。 In class there is no need to______ ______ all the things on the screen. 2.面对这么多困难，我们 决定继续奋斗，而不是放弃。 Facing so many difficulties, we decide to fight on ______ ____giving up. 3.把一个梦想变成现实 的最好方式就是立刻行动。 The best way to____ _____ _____ _____reality is by acting right away. 4.袁隆平，世界上最伟大的科学家之一，作为 “杂交水稻之父”而出名。 Yuan Longping, one of the greatest scientists in the world,____ ____ ____ “the Father of Hybrid Rice”. 5.罗马数字不如阿拉伯数字常见，也许是因为它们太难使用了！ Roman numerals are not ____ ____ ____Arabic numerals, maybe because they are _____ difficult ____ use! 6.不同的文化有不同的象征，一颗心往往代表爱。 Different cultures have _____ ________, and a heart often ____ _____love. 7.计数棒很容易理解，但写下大数字可能需要很长时间。 Tally sticks are easy ___ ________, but it can take a long time to _____ _____ large numbers. 8.多亏了老师的帮助，我过去数学很差，但现在我擅长了 ____ ___my teacher's help, I ___ ____be weak in math, but now I'm good at it 【答案】1.write down 2.instead of 3.turn your dream into 4.is known as 5.as common as too to 6.different symbols stands for 7.to understand to write down 8.Thanks to used to 五、短文填空 A 短文填词 Chinese people are used to thinking the numbers 6, 8 and 9 are lucky ones, but how about 142857? This number seems (1) c____________, not special. but it is the most amazing number in the world. Why? Let’s look at a few facts about this number. First, get the number multiplied (乘) by 1 to 6 and all the results are amazing because they are made up of the same numbers but in different (2) o_________. For example, 142857 multiplied by 2 is 285714 while 142857 multiplied by 6 is 857142. Second, if it is multiplied by 7 and we get a more amazing number 999999. Third, the number is multiplied by itself and we can get a super large number 20408122449. However, when we (3) a______ the front five numbers to the back six numbers, we can (4)e________ get the same number 142857 again. Is it amazing? In fact, people found this mysterious（神秘的）number inside the pyramids（金字塔）of Egypt. People also (5)d_________ the number is linked to seven days of a week. So you see, how amazing the number (6) s_________ is! And we can learn a lot from it. 【答案】1.common 2.orders 3.add 4.exactly 5. discovered 6.system B 语法填空 Have you heard of the saying “Fall down seven times, stand up eight”? It means that no matter what 1 (challenge) you meet, keep on going over a long time. This is called perseverance (毅力). And it can help you achieve lots of things. It is true that you can achieve 2 goal if you stick to it. You practice a skill on your bike over and over again and you make it. Or you continue to play basketball in face of difficulties. After a long time, you can play basketball 3 (perfect). Florence, 11, says, “I go running with my mom three times a week, even when I don’t feel like it, I try hard 4 (push) myself. I’m the fastest in my class now.” Studies show that feeling hopeful and working towards a goal that you really want to reach can cut down stress and make you feel 5 (happy). Achieving something you’ve worked hard for, and overcoming difficulties along the way, can also develop ___6____ (you )courage and make you feel braver to try new things. Angela Duckworth, who is an expert (专家) in thoughts and feelings, studies perseverance. Duckworth believes that it doesn’t matter how talented, clever or rich you are, perseverance really 7 (help) you succeed. Duckworth believes perseverance is something anyone can learn, and the best way to do this is to have a growth mind. This means 8 (believe) that your brain can grow, and that you can achieve anything if you work hard at it. 9 instead of thinking, “I can’t do this”, try thinking “I can’t do this… yet.” As the book The Big Life Journal says, “People 10 a growth idea know they can get better by working hard. They keep trying even when things are difficult.” 【答案】1. challenges 2. a 3. perfectly 4. to push 5. happier 6. your 7. helps 8. believing 9. So 10. with 六、语法选择 Fred, a 1 boy, didn’t use to give his mother many problems. However, after his father’s 2 a few years ago, Fred’s life became 3 more difficult. His mother couldn’t afford her child’s education. So she had to work hard, and was often not at home. His mother tried to look after him well. Unfortunately, Fred still caused problems for him and his family. He was not 4 in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. However, his mother was very patient and didn’t give up 5 to help him. In the end, she made a difficult decision: to send him to a boy’s boarding（寄宿）school. Fred hated it at first and caused a lot of trouble. He told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Fred was wasting his time. The headmaster said it was necessary for Fred to talk with his mother. Fred called his mother and this phone call changed his life. “It was exactly 6 I needed” he said. “My mother helped me to understand how much she had given me. She also told me that 7 my father was no longer with us, he was watching me and would always be proud of everything good I do. That’s when I decided to change. I realize that since my father died, I have been afraid of 8 alone. and have tried to make my mother care more about me”. Fred 9 already. He has been working hard and is one of 10 students in his class. 1. A. fifteen years old B. fifteen-year-old C. fifteen-years-old D. fifteen year old 2. A. die B. dead C. death D. dying 3. A. much B. many C. more D. most 4. A. interesting B. interested C. interestedly D. interestingly 5. A. try B. to try C. trying D. tries 6. A. what B. when C. why D. how 7. A. if B. although C. as D. or 8. A. being B. to be C. be D. am 9. A. changes B. change C. has changed D. is changing 10. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 【解析】本文讲述了弗雷德因为父亲的去世变的对学习不感兴趣，经常与警察发生冲突，后来在妈妈的帮助下，他改变了自己，变成了最好的学生。 1. 句意：弗雷德，一个15岁的男孩，过去没给他妈妈惹过什么麻烦。 fifteen years old十五岁；fifteen-year-old十五岁的；fifteen-years-old错误结构；fifteen year old错误结构。空处作定语，修饰其后的名词，此处应用复合形容词形式，故选B。 2. 句意：然而，几年前父亲去世后，弗雷德的生活变得更加艰难。 die死，动词；dead死的，形容词；death死亡，名词；dying 临终的，垂死的，形容词。空前有名词所有格修饰，此处应用名词形式，故选C。 3. 句意：然而，几年前父亲去世后，弗雷德的生活变得更加艰难。 much非常；many很多，后接复数名词；more更多的，比较级；most最多的，最高级。空后是比较级“more difficult”，此处应用much修饰比较级，故选A。 4. 句意：他对学习不感兴趣，经常与警察发生冲突。 interesting有趣的；interested感兴趣的；interestedly保持兴趣地；interestingly有趣地。此处是be interested in“对……感兴趣”，是固定短语，故选B。 5. 句意：然而，他的母亲非常有耐心，并没有放弃尽力帮助他。 try努力，动词原形；to try努力，不定式；trying努力，现在分词或动名词；tries努力，动词三单。give up后接动名词作宾语，故选C。 6. 句意：这正是我需要的。 what什么；when何时；why为什么；how怎样。分析句子结构可知，空处作needed的宾语，四个选项中能作宾语的是what，此处表示“我所需要的”，故选A。 7. 句意：她还告诉我，虽然我的父亲不再和我们在一起，但他一直在看着我，并会为我所做的一切感到骄傲。 if如果；although虽然；as当……时；or或者。根据“my father was no longer with us, he was watching me and would always be proud of everything good I do”可知，两句之间是转折关系，此处用although引导让步状语从句，故选B。 8. 句意：我意识到，自从我父亲去世后，我一直害怕独自一人。 being是，现在分词或动名词；to be是，不定式；be是，动词原形；am是，主语是I。of是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故选A。 9. 句意：弗雷德已经变了。 changes改变，动词三单；change改变，动词原形；has changed改变，现在完成时结构；is changing改变，现在进行时结构。根据“already”可知，句子用现在完成时，故选C。 10. 句意：他一直努力学习，是班上最好的学生之一。 good好的；better更好的；best最好的；the best最好的。此处是“one of the+最高级+复数名词”的结构，故选D。 七、完形填空 In a small village, there lived a famous old carpenter (木匠). People traveled from far and wide to buy his furniture. One day, a young man came to 1 from him. The young man loved working with wood but was 2 hurrying to finish things. After a few days, the young man thought, “I can make furniture faster.” The old carpenter noticed this and said, “I can teach you to make furniture 3 , but first, you need to do a simple job.” He then handed the man a rough board and said, “Make this board smooth.” The man thought it was 4 . He sanded (用砂纸打磨) the board a few times and soon gave it back. The old carpenter felt the board and said, “It is not smooth enough. Try again.” A little impatient, the young man sanded harder. 5 the old carpenter shook his head once again. Feeling sad, the man started to 6 more. He wasn’t in a hurry anymore and sanded every part of the board carefully. Finally, the board was as smooth as a mirror.      This time, the old carpenter smiled and said, “You have learned an important 7 . Success needs not only skill but also 8 . The simpler the job, the more patience we need. When you perfect every part, you can make a perfect piece.” The young man understood that carpentry was not only about making things but also about 9 the mind. Life is like this: a successful person 10 forward step by step. Because every great achievement begins with a simple, patient start. 1. A. buy B. learn C. take D. hear 2. A. never B. seldom C. always D. sometimes 3. A. clearly B. quietly C. carefully D. quickly 4. A. hard B. boring C. easy D. interesting 5. A. And B. But C. So D. Or 6. A. write B. speak C. run D. think 7. A. story B. skill C. lesson D. subject 8. A. patience B. money C. time D. luck 9. A. changing B. opening C. shaping D. losing 10. A. jumps B. moves C. looks D. falls 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B 【解析】本文讲述了一个年轻人向老木匠学手艺的故事。年轻人起初急于求成，老木匠通过让他反复打磨一块木板，教会了他成功不仅需要技巧，更需要耐心，以及精益求精的工匠精神。 1. 句意：一天，一个年轻人来向他学习。 根据下文老木匠说“I can teach you...”以及年轻人学习木工的情节可知，年轻人是来“学习”的。learn“学习”符合语境。 2. 句意：这个年轻人喜欢做木工活，但总是急于完成事情。 根据后文他想“make furniture faster”以及后来变得“impatient”可知，他的毛病是“总是”急于求成。always“总是”符合语境。 3. 句意：我可以教你更快地制作家具，但首先，你需要做一件简单的工作。 前文提到年轻人想做得更快，老木匠顺着他的想法说可以教他“快”，以此引出后面的磨练。quickly“快速地”符合语境。clearly“清楚地”、quietly“安静地”、carefully“仔细地”均不符合此处的逻辑对应。 4. 句意：这个男人认为这很容易。 根据后文“He sanded the board a few times and soon gave it back.”可知，他觉得这个任务很“简单”，所以草草了事。easy“容易的”符合语境。 5. 句意：但是老木匠再一次摇了摇头。 前文说年轻人更用力地打磨，本以为这次可以了，结果老木匠还是摇头，这里存在转折关系。But“但是”符合语境。And“和”、So“所以”、Or“或者”均不符合。 6. 句意：感到难过，男人开始更多地思考。 根据后文“He wasn’t in a hurry anymore”可知，他的心态发生了变化，说明他开始“思考”老木匠的用意和做事的方法。think“思考”符合语境。 7. 句意：你已经学到了重要的一课。 老木匠通过这件事教导年轻人一个道理，这被称为“一课”或“教训”。lesson“课、教训”符合语境。 8. 句意：成功不仅需要技巧，还需要耐心。 文章的核心主题就是关于耐心的磨练，前文也提到了年轻人从“impatient”变得“carefully”（仔细）。patience“耐心”符合语境。 9. 句意：这个年轻人明白了木工活不仅是制作东西，也是塑造心智。 木工活打磨的是木头，同时也“塑造”或“磨练”了人的内心。shaping“塑造”符合语境。changing“改变”、opening“打开”、losing“失去”均不符合。 10. 句意：生活就是这样：一个成功的人一步一步向前迈进。 move forward是固定搭配，意为“向前移动、前进”。moves“移动”符合语境。 八、阅读理解 A Do you know your mobile phone number well? Your number has 11 digits（数字）. You may sometimes find it hard to remember your number. That’s because China has the longest mobile phone numbers in the world. Why is that? The 11 digits include three parts. Each part has a different meaning. The first three numbers tell you the mobile phone service provider you are using. For example, 135 is for the China Mobile Communication Corporation（中国移动）and 188 is for China Unicom（中国联通）. The fourth to the seventh digits tell you where the number is from. And the last four digits are random (随机的）. The main reason for using 11 digits is that we have the largest population in the world. We once had 10 numbers. But as our population grew, there were not enough numbers for us to use. So we began to use 11 digits from 1999. Eleven digits can make tens of billions of mobile phone numbers. That’s enough for each person to have seven or eight phone numbers to use in China. Also, we can use the mobile phone numbers again. Usually, the service provider will use a canceled number again after three to six months. If you call a number that you haven’t called for a long time, you may find its owner has changed. Besides China, Britain and Japan also use 11-digit mobile phone numbers. But their numbers always start with 0. So they cannot make as many numbers as we can. Countries like the United States, Australia and India use phone numbers with 10 digits. Canada’s mobile phone numbers are perhaps the world’s shortest: they use seven digits. 1. What can we learn from the mobile phone number 188-4792-83437? A. The service provider is the China Mobile Communication Corporation. B. The digits 4792 tell you the area the mobile phone number is from. C. There are ten digits in the mobile phone number. D. The digits 8343 tell you the number of service providers in China. 2. Why do we use 11-digit mobile phone numbers in China? A. There are many people in China. B. People in China can remember numbers well. C. 11 is a lucky number for Chinese people. D. It helps people to remember more phone numbers. 3. What does the underlined word “canceled” mean in Chinese? A. 新型的 B. 已撤销的 C. 有用的 D. 特殊的 4. ________ can make the most mobile phone numbers. A. 10 digits starting with 1 B. 11 digits starting with 0 C. 11 digits starting with 1 D. 10 digits starting with 0 5. Which countries use phone numbers with 10 digits? A. Britain and Japan. B. Britain and China. C. Canada and Australia. D. India and Australia. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国手机号码为什么是11位，并介绍了其他国家手机号码数字。 1. 细节理解题。根据“ The fourth to the seventh digits tell you where the number is from.”可知第四到第七位数告诉你这个号码是来自哪里。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The main reason for using 11 digits is that we have the largest population in the world.”可知使用 11 位数字的主要原因是我们拥有世界上最多的人口，故选A。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“ Also, we can use the mobile phone numbers again. Usually, the service provider will use a canceled number again after three to six months. If you call a number that you haven’t called for a long time, you may find its owner has changed.”可知如果你拨打一个你很长时间没有拨打的号码，你可能会发现它的主人已经变了。由此推测此处是表示服务提供商会在三到六个月后重新使用被取消的号码，划线单词表示“已撤销的”。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据“Eleven digits can make tens of billions of mobile phone numbers..”以及“Besides China, Britain and Japan also use 11-digit mobile phone numbers. But their numbers always start with 0. So they cannot make as many numbers as we can. Countries like the United States, Australia and India use phone numbers with 10 digits. ”可知除了中国，英国和日本也使用11位的手机号码。但它们的数字总是以0开头。所以他们的号码不如我们的多。因此根据文中并结合常识可知以1开头的11位数字可以构成最多的电话号码，故选C。 5. 细节理解题。根据“ Countries like the United States, Australia and India use phone numbers with 10 digits. ”可知美国、澳大利亚和印度的电话号码是10个数字。故选D。 B Many people hope lucky numbers will bring them good luck. In Chinese culture, some numbers are believed to be lucky or unlucky according to the Chinese characters that the number sounds similar to. For example, the number 8 sounds similar to the Chinese character for “making a fortune(发财)”. So people think it’s a lucky number. Some even spend a lot of money having the number 8 in their phone numbers or vehicle license plate numbers. The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics Games began at 8:08 p.m. on 8 August, 2008. The number 9 is also a lucky number because of its connection to the emperors(皇帝) of ancient China. There were nine dragons on the emperors’ robes(袍). It’s said that the dragon has nine children. The number 9 also stands for “long lasting”. That’s why a man always gives a woman 99 or 999 roses. Then what’s the unlucky number in China? It might be the number 4. Many Chinese people take 4 as an unlucky number because it sounds similar to the Chinese character for “death”. Because of this, some buildings skip the fourth floor, and people simply call it the fifth floor. In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip all floors numbered with 4, such as 4, 14, 24, 34, and all 40-49 floors. However, in many Western countries, some buildings skip the 13th floor because 13 is considered as an unlucky number. 6. In China, for which character does the number 8 sound similar to? A. Having more money. B. Keeping healthy. C. Making a fortune. D. Getting more chances. 7. Why does a man always give a woman 99 or 999 roses? A. Because he wants the woman to have a long life. B. Because he hopes they will live to 100 years old. C. Because he hopes their relation will last a long time. D. Because most women like the number 99 or 999. 8. In China, what is the fourth floor of some buildings called? A. The fifth floor. B. The fourth floor A. C. The fifth floor A. D. The fifth floor B. 9. Which is the unlucky number in Western countries according to the passage? A. 4. B. 24. C. 7. D. 13. 10. What can we learn from the text? A. Chinese people don’t build the fourth floor because it’s unlucky. B. Westerners skip the 13th floor because the number sounds similar to the word for “death”. C. Men always give women 99 roses because they want to have nine children. D. Some numbers may be considered as unlucky because of their sounds in China. 【答案】6. C 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国一些幸运和不幸运的数字。 6. 细节理解题。根据“For example, the number 8 sounds similar to the Chinese character for ‘making a fortune’.”可知，数字8听起来和汉字“发财”很像。故选C。 7. 细节理解题。根据“It’s said that the dragon has nine children. The number 9 also stands for ‘long lasting’. That’s why a man always gives a woman 99 or 999 roses.”可知，据说龙有九个孩子，数字9也代表“持久”，这就是为什么男人总是给女人99或999朵玫瑰。故选C。 8. 细节理解题。根据“Because of this, some buildings skip the fourth floor, and people simply call it the fifth floor.”可知，有些建筑跳过了第四层，人们就叫它第五层。故选A。 9. 细节理解题。根据“However, in many Western countries, some buildings skip the 13th floor because 13 is considered as an unlucky number.”可知，在许多西方国家，一些建筑跳过13层，因为13被认为是一个不吉利的数字。故选D。 19. 推理判断题。根据“In Chinese culture, some numbers are believed to be lucky or unlucky according to the Chinese characters that the number sounds similar to.”可知，在中国文化中，根据与数字发音相似的汉字，一些数字被认为是幸运的或不幸运的。故选D。 C阅读配对 配对阅读：左栏是五个人的出生年代及当时生活状况的介绍，请你从右栏中为他们选择与之相对应的信息，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。其中两项是多余的。 1 Zhao Yuntian was born in 1962 in the south of China. There was no TV at his home when he was young. 2 Wang Jiangguo was born in 1974 in Beijing. He liked playing ping-pong very much when he was young. 3 Liu Haitao was born in 1981 in Shenzhen. Shenzhen developed rapidly when he was young. All kinds of household appliances (家用电器) went into people’s homes. 4 Zhang Hao was born in 1992. His childhood was happy. He could play computer games when he was young because computers began getting into people’s homes. 5 Li Bing was born in 2002. His childhood was colorful. The Internet and mobile phones became more and more popular. And he liked seeing movies in his spare time. A. His father began to do business after the reform and opening-up (改革开放). And his family got a motorbike, a TV-set and a fridge. B. His family spent much time traveling every year. But he was busy on weekends because his mother sent him to a lot of classes. C. He liked doing sports a lot and his favorite sport was ping-pong because lots of people at that time liked this activity very much. D. He was in poor health because he didn’t do much exercise. Worse still, he liked eating junk food very much. So the doctor advised him to go on a diet. E. Surfing the Internet was very popular when he was young. And he got a mobile phone when he went to school. And he often watched movies at the cinema. F. Jumping rope and playing hide-and-seek were his main activities in his childhood. He went to bed early at night because there was no TV. G. At first, he played computer games in the net bars. Then his family got a computer and he could do it at home. Of course, he did lots of useful things on computers. 【答案】1. F 2. C 3. A 4. G 5. E 【解析】本文是五个人的出生年代及当时生活状况的介绍。 1. 根据“There was no TV at his home when he was young.”可知当他年轻的时候家里没有电视，人们晚上会早点睡觉，选项F“跳绳和捉迷藏游戏是他童年的主要活动。他晚上很早就睡觉了，因为没有电视”符合。故选F。 2. 根据“He liked playing ping-pong very much when he was young.”可知他年轻的时候非常喜欢打乒乓球，选项C“他非常喜欢做运动，他最喜欢的运动是乒乓球，因为当时很多人都非常喜欢这项运动”符合。故选C。 3. 根据“Shenzhen developed rapidly when he was young. All kinds of household appliances (家用电器) went into people’s homes.”可知他小的时候深圳发展很快，各种各样的家用电器进入人们的家庭，选项A“他父亲在改革开放后开始经商。他的家人有一辆摩托车、一台电视机和一台冰箱”符合。故选A。 4. 根据“He could play computer games when he was young because computers began getting into people’s homes”可知他小的时候能玩电脑游戏因为电脑开始进入人的家庭，选项G“起初，他在网吧玩电脑游戏。然后他家有了一台电脑，他可以在家里玩。当然，他在电脑上做了很多有用的事情”符合。故选G。 5. 根据“The Internet and mobile phones became more and more popular. And he liked seeing movies in his spare time.”可知网络和手机变得越来越流行，选项E“他年轻时上网很受欢迎。他上学时有一部手机。他经常在电影院看电影”符合。故选E。 阅读回答问题 This year, China started a 3-year “Healthy Weight Program”（2024-2027） to help people live healthier lives by fighting obesity (肥胖). Being overweight can cause problems like heart disease or diabetes (糖尿病). Here’s how the program works; Three Key Actions ■ Education for Healthy Living Families and schools are learning about healthy habits. For example, some schools are using something like health calendars to see how well students get and how much sweet they eat. Parents are asked to make sure their kids do at least one hour of physical activity every day, such as running or playing basketball. ■ Better Spaces for Sports Cities are building more parks, walking trails (步道), and sports centers. For example, Taiyuan City built more trails and parks to create a “15-minute fitness circle (健身圈)”. This means people can find a place to exercise in 15 minutes’ walk from home. ■ Medical Support Special “health clinics (诊所)” give advice on healthy eating and exercising. Doctors teach people to change unhealthy habits like not having dinners. Some even use traditional Chinese methods to help! Check your BMI now! BMI (Body Mass Index) is a number to check if you are overweight (超重) or not. Tips for Staying Healthy ● To eat well: Fill half your plate with vegetables and fruits. Choose brown rice instead of white rice. ● To stay active: Walk, swim, or ride bikes for 30 to 60 minutes daily. Even dancing counts! ● To sleep well: Get 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. It helps your body burn energy better. Staying healthy needs everyone’s effort—you, your family, schools, and society. Start today by choosing an apple instead of chips. A healthier future begins with you! 1. Why did China start “Healthy Weight Program”? 2. What are some schools doing to learn about students’ healthy habits according to the passage? 3. How do people know if they are overweight or not? 4. What can people do to stay healthy? (One example is OK.) 5. What’s your BMI? How do you like the program? 【答案】1. To help people live healthier lives (by fighting obesity)./Because it wanted to help people live healthier lives (by fighting obesity). 2. They are using something like health calendars (to see how well they get and how much sweet they eat). 3. By checking their BMI./They can check their BMI. 4. They can fill half their plate with vegetables and fruits./They can choose brown rice instead of white rice./They can walk, swim, or ride bikes for 30 to 60 minutes daily./ They can get 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. 5. Here is an example: It’s 20.3. I think it increases people’s attention to their health and know more clearly about how to keep healthy.I think it’s meaningful because it brings more places for people to exercise. I think it’s helpful./I think it helps people to live healthier lives. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国启动的“健康体重计划”，包括该计划的三个关键行动、如何通过BMI检查是否超重，以及保持健康的一些建议。 1. 根据文章第1段“This year, China started a 3-year “Healthy Weight Program” (2024-2027) to help people live healthier lives by fighting obesity.”可推知结论中国启动该计划是为了通过对抗肥胖帮助人们过上更健康的生活。 2. 根据文章“Education for Healthy Living”部分“For example, some schools are using something like health calendars to see how well students get and how much sweet they eat.”可推知结论一些学校正在使用类似健康日历的东西来了解学生的健康习惯。 3. 根据文章“Check your BMI now!”部分“BMI (Body Mass Index) is a number to check if you are overweight or not.”可推知结论人们可以通过检查自己的BMI来知道是否超重。 4. 根据文章“Tips for Staying Healthy”部分“To stay active: Walk, swim, or ride bikes for 30 to 60 minutes daily.”可推知结论人们可以通过每天步行、游泳或骑自行车30到60分钟来保持健康。 5. 本题为开放性问题，第一问需回答自己的BMI值，第二问需表达对该计划的看法。言之有理即可。 $