精品解析：上海市曹杨第二中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高二年级期终考试英语试卷

上海市曹杨二中 2025 学年度第二学期 高二年级期终考试英语试卷 考生注意： 1、答卷前，考生务必将姓名、班级、学号等在指定位置填写清楚。 2、本试卷共有 81 道试题，满分 115 分，考试时间 105 分钟。请考生用黑色水笔或钢笔将答案直接写在答题卷上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The research station was built in a lonely and remote zone, around _______ towering snow-capped mountains with extremely few plants or wild grasses growing on them. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 2. It doesn’t make much difference _______ you learn Tai Chi at a fast pace or not. _______ matters is that you cultivate inner peace and grasp its philosophy of harmony and softness, overcoming hardness through persistent practice. A. that; What B. if; That C. whether; What D. which; It 3. If China hadn’t made continuous efforts to develop new energy sources and promoted green transformation so vigorously, the heavy pressure brought about by the global energy crisis _______ relieved so effectively. A. couldn’t have been B. mustn’t have been C. needn’t have been D. shouldn’t have been 4. Recent research shows that as many as 25% of employees face work-related stress at some point in their careers, with frontline workers _______ more than office staff. A. affecting B. being affected C. affected D. having been affected 5. After ________ for clinical use in 2019, this medicine displayed the added benefit of protecting kidney function and soon became a preferred choice for patients ________ a more stable quality of life. A. approving; pursued B. being approved; pursuing C. having approved; pursuing D. approved; pursued 6. Shakespeare was known to us all _______ one of the most notable figures in Britain’s literary field and was committed to _______ the English language through his timeless works. A. for; enriching B. for; enrich C. as; enrich D. as; enriching 7. _______ into the telescope than the instrument was taken away from my hands, _______ me standing there in surprise. A. No sooner did I peer; left B. No sooner had I peered; leaving C. Hardly did I peer; leaving D. Hardly had I peered; left 8. With the efforts of promoting education and literacy campaigns, the number of illiterate people is dropping _______ it will not be much time _______ the small flames turn into a big fire. A. but; before B. and; before C. as; since D. for; since 9. _______ was the impact of global climate change on coastal regions _______ numerous low-lying cities faced the risk of being permanently flooded by rising sea levels. A. So; as B. So; that C. Such; as D. Such; that 10. _______ the idea of going on a strict diet to lose weight quickly is not new, _______ it fails is scientific, because many people wrongly believe cutting meals can effectively burn body fat. A. Though; where B. Although; that C. In spite of; where D. Despite; that Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. An Ancient Practice for Modern Health The spread of mindfulness has been little short of remarkable. ____11____ (Originate) in Buddhist practices that date back over 2,000 years, it was relatively unknown in the West until just a few years ago and practised only by a handful of enthusiasts. Recently, however, it has emerged as a multi-billion-dollar industry and enjoys wide acceptance among celebrities, business leaders, doctors, and parents alike. So what exactly is mindfulness and how is it supposed to work? Well, in essence, it’s a meditation therapy designed to train people to focus fully on inner processes ____12____ (occur) in the here and now. Evidence is slowly mounting of its potential to solve a range of health problems ____13____ traditional approaches often fall short. For instance, it’s been claimed that it can break the cycle of depression and anxiety. People suffering from depression often find their negative moods ____14____ (couple) with negative thoughts. While these thoughts usually disappear once the episode has passed or once medication has been prescribed, an association between the various symptoms ____15____ (not establish) in the brain. As a result, a mood change caused by something unimportant such as bad weather can cause the symptoms, leading to a re-occurrence of depression. The more this happens, the more likely it is to re-occur, making the problem more resistant to drug treatment. Mindfulness-based therapies help people break this negative cycle by helping them recognize ____16____ their negative thought patterns are and direct their attention to the present rather than the past or future. This can also bring about physical benefits: the heart beats slower, muscles loosen and even brain structure may possibly be altered. Mindfulness is believed to stimulate new neural connections and studies have shown that the areas of the brain associated with the regulation of emotions are bigger in people ____17____ daily routines include frequent meditation. The spread of mindfulness shows the interest many Western health professionals take in Eastern practices. ____18____ Western medicine, during the 20th century, life expectancy doubled in developed countries and many infectious diseases disappeared. However, while death may have been delayed, many are now living longer not in health but in sickness. Western medical practice is often ____19____ (effective) at dealing with long-term illness and general well-being. ____20____ you are in terrible pain or have something life threatening, Western doctors often have little to offer. Indeed, many dismiss patients with low-level complaints as “the worried well”. Eastern medicine such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), on the other hand, is more focused on maintaining good health. TCM is underpinned by a philosophy that stresses harmony between mind, body and the environment. It aims to “rebalance” patients and unblock natural energy flows called “chi”, and is apparently more successful in relieving more minor conditions such as eczema, back pain and migraines. Section C （A） Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. evolutionary B. channel C. perceptive D. superiority E. universal F. knit G. extension H. formative I. chill out J. in vain K. deprived of 21. In order to minimize casualties and ensure full control of the battlefield, the attacking side will need a decisive three-to-one _______ in armed forces to be completely sure of a successful attack. 22. Though the towering mountain twists and curves steeply as it rises through thick ancient forests and jagged rocky slopes, it steadily maintains a clear and unwavering direction of _______ toward the majestic, snow-capped peak piercing through the clouds. 23. Such problems as declining physical mobility, weakened immunity, and chronic illnesses are a(n) _______ feature of old age, a common reality faced by the growing number of elderly people in China, whether they live in cities with comprehensive care or in rural communities. 24. Attraction to physical symmetry, apparent health, and signs of youth is essentially a(n) _______ adaption formed over long-term natural selection, rather than a fictional concept merely created and promoted by commercial consumerism and modern media. 25. The most common form of stroke occurs when part of the brain is rapidly _______ vital oxygen and nutrients after a blood vessel is suddenly clogged by a blood clot, leading to the damage or death of brain cells within minutes. 26. As someone who had worked in interpersonal communication for years, she was great at reading other people’s hidden thoughts, yet she was surprisingly not so _______ when it came to her own feelings. 27. Although he often got into fights and acted out aggressively due to his troubled upbringing, he has gradually learnt to _______ that intense physical violence into powerful creative energy, turning his inner anger into art and writing. 28. Although the local fire and police forces had carried out an extensive, 10-hour overnight search in the remote mountains, fortunately, the risky rescue did not end _______ — all seven trapped hikers were safely found and brought down. 29. At Innovate Solutions, we are very fortunate to have a group of staff who _______ together closely as a unified team, support each other through challenges, and consistently excel in everything they do with dedication and skill. 30. I believe our likes and dislikes are deeply imprinted in our minds from early childhood, probably shaped and passed on unconsciously through our _______ daily experiences and emotional interactions with our parents. （B） Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. erosion B. justifications C. materialized D. nature E. generational F. capacity G. confined H. reversed I. structural J. unrecognizable K. translated The Myth of Linguistic Decline Linguistic decline is the cultural equivalent of the boy who cried wolf, except the wolf never turns up. Perhaps this is why, even though the idea that language is going to the dogs is widespread, nothing much has been done to address it: it’s a powerful intuition, but the evidence of its effects has simply never ____31____. That is because it is unscientific nonsense. There is no such thing as linguistic decline, so far as the expressive ____32____ of the spoken or written word is concerned. We need not fear a breakdown in communication. Our language will always be as flexible and sophisticated as it has been up to now. Those who warn about the deterioration of English haven’t learned about the history of the language, and don’t understand the ____33____ of their own complaints — which are simply statements of preference for the way of doing things they have become used to. The ____34____ of language to the point that “ultimately, no doubt, we shall communicate with a series of grunts” (as some would say) will not, cannot, happen. The clearest evidence for this is that warnings about the deterioration of English have been around for a very long time. Many famous writers, across a span of hundreds of years, had moaned about the decline of language standards. Yet the period also encompasses some of the greatest works of English literature. And deep concerns over linguistic standards are not ____35____ to English only. The fate of every language in the world has been mourned by its native speakers at one point or another. The hard truth is that English, like all other languages, is constantly evolving. It is the speed of the change, within our own short lives, that creates the illusion of decline. Because change is often ____36____, older speakers recognize that the norms they grew up with are falling away, replaced with new ones they are not as comfortable using. This cognitive difficulty doesn’t feel good: and the bad feelings are ____37____ into criticism and complaint. We tend to find intellectual ____38____ for our personal preferences, whatever their motivation. If we lived for hundreds of years, we would be able to see the bigger picture. Because when you zoom out, you can appreciate that language change is not just a question of slovenliness (邋遢): it happens at every level, from the superficial to the ____39____. Any given language is significantly reconfigured (重新配置) over the centuries, to the extent that it becomes totally ____40____. But, as with complex systems in the natural world, there is often a kind of homeostasis: simplification in one area can lead to greater complexity in another. What stays the same is the communicative power of the language. You can always say what needs to be said. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As the British Veterinary Association president, Dr. Justine Shotton, tells me: “Under the UK’s animal welfare act, pet owners have a duty of care towards their pet to ensure that its five welfare needs, including an appropriate diet, are met. Owners could be prosecuted for causing suffering to their pet through ____41____ diet, so it is important to talk to a vet first.” So can our pets safely become vegetarians or vegans? For dogs it’s relatively straightforward, ____42____ their complex feline (猫科) cousins (as is generally the case). Dogs are omnivores (杂食者), and as long as their diet is complete and balanced they can be vegetarians or even vegans. This does need to be ____43____ with care; you can’t just start to feed them pasta and tomato sauce with broccoli and carrots on the side. You need to do your research to ensure that their diet meets all of their ____44____, including protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibre. The easiest and safest ____45____ is to buy a commercially manufactured complete vegetarian or vegan dog food that has gone through feeding trials. Such products are formulated by professional nutritionists, and are legally ____46____ to fulfil specific nutritional criteria. Cats are different: as obligate carnivores, it’s far more difficult for them to remain ____47____ without eating meat. Their anatomy — i.e. their teeth and digestive tracts — and metabolism have evolved to obtain ____48____ from small preys such as rodents and birds. While a cat’s physical anatomy can adapt (cats are able to consume, digest and absorb plant-based food), a cat’s energy-creating metabolic ____49____ cannot: felines need specific groups of nutrients that are commonly found only in meat. For starters, cats have a higher protein ____50____, with an absolute need for two specific amino acids (the individual units that combine to form proteins). One of these, taurine, is only found naturally in meat but can be ____51____ manufactured from chemicals of non-meat origin. The other is arginine, which is common in meat but can also be found in specific plant sources. If it’s feeding a non-meat diet to a cat, careful supplementation of these two amino acids is ____52____. Secondly, a cat’s diet must include arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid that is usually found only in animal tissue. A soil fungus can be used to ____53____ a vegan version of arachidonic acid, and this can be used to supplement commercial vegan cat food. They also have meat-linked vitamin needs, including a preformed version of vitamin A that only ____54____ naturally in meat, and also vitamin B12. Synthetic supplements of these nutrients are added to ____55____ vegan cat diets to stop them becoming seriously ill. 41. A. destructive B. ignorant C. cautious D. inadequate 42. A. compared with B. composed of C. appealed to D. depended on 43. A. underlain B. mistaken C. undertaken D. misidentified 44. A. faces B. needs C. costs D. deals 45. A. approach B. requirement C. exposure D. companion 46. A. adopted B. advanced C. obliged D. tempted 47. A. noticeable B. healthy C. economical D. industrious 48. A. addiction B. infection C. leisure D. nutrition 49. A. processes B. covers C. accesses D. benefits 50. A. contradiction B. equivalent C. requirement D. substitute 51. A. intellectually B. synthetically C. occasionally D. academically 52. A. apparent B. remarkable C. exhaustible D. essential 53. A. manufacture B. contrast C. reserve D. stream 54. A. emerges B. occurs C. exists D. originates 55. A. confidential B. commercial C. financial D. experimental Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Kate McDermott describes it as “the sizzle-whump. ” It is the sound a pie makes when it is perfectly baked, said the author of Art of the Pie. The “sizzle” is the sound of hot butter cooking the flour in the crust (酥皮), combining it into a crisp, golden lid, while the “whump” is the sound of the thickened filling bumping up against the top crust as it bubbles at a steady pace. “I call it the heartbeat of the pie, ” she said. McDermott, 63, leads intensive baking seminars (研讨会) across the United States. Before she became a pie coach, she was a professional musician. “I experience the world primarily through sound,” she said. “I’ve been listening to pies ever since I started baking them. ” Any experienced cook knows that there is much more to cooking than just taste. Learn to use all five senses in the kitchen, and you will become a better cook, especially if you sharpen those senses which are typically less associated with cooking: hearing and touch. Cooks with visual impairment, who cannot see the golden brown of a pie crust or the shine of perfectly scrambled eggs (炒蛋), know this better than anyone. The cook and writer Christine Ha, 37, said that touch has become her primary guide in the kitchen since she began losing her sight soon after starting college. She started cooking with her late mother’s deep-fried spring rolls, dealing with them through touch and hearing as well as taste and smell. She tests the flexibility of the wrappers with her fingers, listens for the sound the bubbling oil makes when throwing in a bit of filling to test its heat, and taps the frying rolls with tongs (夹子) to test whether the shells are crisp. In fact, many of the important signals in any kitchen have nothing to do with sight or taste: distinguishing the sound of a boil versus a simmer (煨), understanding the feel of a rare (一分熟的) steak versus a medium-well (七分熟的) one, biting into pasta as it cooks to catch the brief, perfect moment between chewy and soft. For most of human history, children would learn signals such as these simply by being near their family’s stove (炉子). But today, unless they spend a lot of time in a kitchen, their sensory cooking skills may be limited to listening for the moment when the microwave popcorn stops popping. These children often grow up to be cooks who focus on the reading and rereading of recipes, often at the expense of paying attention to the stove. However, recipes are apparently limited when it comes to sensory information. An instruction like “simmer over low heat for 30 minutes until thickened” can produce endlessly different results. The recipe has no idea what your stove considers “low” heat. It also does not know what your pan is made of or what “thickened” looks like to you. This is why the best cooks learn to work not just with their minds and their taste buds (味蕾), but also with all of their senses. 56. According to the article, people tend to think that _________ are the most important senses for a cook to have. ①taste ②sight ③touch ④smell ⑤hearing A. ①②③ B. ①③⑤ C. ①②④ D. ①②③④ 57. According to the article, both Kate McDermott and Christine Ha _________. A. are good at baking pies B. suffer from an eye disease C. started cooking at an early age D. rely more on their ears than eyes while cooking 58. According to the article, the main problem with today’s children is that they _________. A. don’t know how to cook at all B. make popcorn by following a recipe C. ignore the signals from the stove while cooking D. can’t tell the difference between “boil” and “simmer” 59. According to the article, recipes are of little use _________. A. for any experienced chef B. when it comes to cooking C. unless coupled with our own senses D. if we keep reading and rereading them （B） Item Specifics • Brand Name: Walking Pad • Fold: Yes • Heart Rate Test: Without • Application: Home Use Treadmill • Driving Power: Electric • Award: Won 2019 IF Design & Reddot Design Award • Applicable Place: Home / Office / Outdoor • Type of Exercise: Aerobic Exercise • Applicable Age: 12-60 Years Old • Display Type: LED Display with Status Indicators • Secondary Data Display: Cell Phone App Enabled • Walking Pad APP Versions: iOS and Android Systems Compatible • Remote Control Type: Radio Frequency Mini Remote Control with Wristband Lanyard • Battery Number in Remote Control: CR2032 • Walking Surface: 1200 * 415 mm • Speed Range: 0.5 — 6km/h • Gross Weight: 31 kg • Net Weight: 28 kg • User Capacity: 100 kg Weight Capacity • Power Input: 746W • Working Dimensions: 1432 * 547 *129mm • Folded Dimensions: 822*547*129mm Product Description Outstanding Selling Point of Walking Pad A1 Walking Pad A1 Walking Machine gives you another way to enjoy sports, it is 90% space-saving than the traditional treadmill and can be easily folded and stored with the help of double folding design and smooth-rolling wheels. [Worldwide Design field Oscar Awards] Walking Pad A1 is also called space walking machine, won the 2019 Red Dot Award and IF Award because of excellent outlook design, outstanding production details, smart foldable concept and intelligent operating experience. [Foldable Design] The Walking Pad can be folded in half. Through the 2 rollers at the bottom, it can be moved smoothly in the limited space under the desk, sofa or bed, etc. [Footstep Speed] By the high Precision pressure sensor in the walking treadmill, you can control the Walking Pad in high, medium or slow speed, through footstep on the front acceleration zone, middle (uniform speed) zone or tail (deceleration) zone. [Noise Free, Comfortable Fitness Experience] With the wear-resistant anti-slip walking belt, and the noise-reduction multi-layer structure, you can walk or jog comfortably at home or office, without disturbing families, neighbors, colleagues or even yourself. [Multiple Security Protection and Visualized Walking Data] With the child lock protection, overload protection, auto standby, and starter speed limit functions, you can rest assured to use this Walking Pad. By connecting with the Walking Pad APP or through the LED light on the dashboard, you can see the data for each walk, it quantifies and urges you to exercise. 60. ________ is likely to be the potential target for Walking Pad? A. Robb, who has recovered from an injury to resume the training B. Jane, who is looking for sports equipment with heart rate monitor C. Arya, a ten-year-old girl, who wants to lose weight for health reason D. Cersei, who is accustomed to running with a screen rested on the armrest 61. Which of the following is the selling point of Walking Pad? A. Three zones for noise reduction. B. Quantification of calories burned. C. Suitability for compact apartment. D. Anti-slip walking belt for barefoot runners. 62. Where can we probably find the passage? A. A scientific journal. B. An engineering paper. C. A fitness club brochure. D. A website advertisement. （C） The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has once again delivered a powerful scholarly punch, as groundbreaking new research has provided clear evidence that studying the works of Shakespeare can indeed bring significant benefits to children’s literacy skills and emotional development. But only if you act him out. A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy. “The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which commissioned the study, said. The randomized control trial involved hundreds of year-5 pupils — aged nine and ten — at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC teaching methods.” They were split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as Ferdinand following the shipwreck in The Tempest. The target group were given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage. The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary, used words “classed as more sophisticated or rarer”, and wrote at greater length. They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role… while control pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, target children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion”. The Time to Act study, which is published by the RSC this week, also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island cliches”, such as palm trees, target pupils were “more expansive, giving a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions”. O’Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the target children’s writing” and that they were “more resilient in their writing, more hopeful”. She added: “The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the rehearsal room process where you are used to trying to imagine your way through. They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you do in drama is put yourself in different shoes.” The study showed the importance of embedding arts in education, she said. But could the results be replicated with any old dramatist? O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children’s lives”, which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”. 63. The “rehearsal room” approach requires pupils to ________. A. rewrite the lines from Shakespeare B. watch RSC actors’ performances C. play the roles in Shakespeare D. study drama under RSC artists 64. The study divided the pupils into two groups to find whether ________. A. the change in instruction enhances learning outcomes B. expanding vocabulary helps develop reading fluency C. emotion affects understanding of sophisticated works D. the classroom activity stimulates interest in the arts 65. According to O’Hanlon, what can promote children’s emotional literacy? A. Writing in an imaginative manner. B. Identifying with literary characters. C. Drawing inspiration from nature. D. Concentrating on real-life situations. 66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________. A. the new teaching method may work best with Shakespeare B. the language of Shakespeare may be challenging for pupils C. other old dramatists may be included in primary education D. pupils may be reluctant to work on other old dramatists （D） Rapid brain growth during the first year of life is connected with an unusual feature of newborn human infants: their striking plumpness. In an average human newborn weighing some seven and a half pounds, fat tissue accounts for over a pound, around 14 percent of body weight. Our babies are among the plumpest found among mammals. Human babies at birth look markedly different from the skinny newborns of other primates, such as chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys. The proportion of fat tissue in a new born human matches that in mammals living under arctic conditions and actually exceeds the level found in baby seals. As anthropologist Christopher Kuzawa has shown, a newborn human has about four times as much fat as expected for a standard newborn mammal of the same body size. In fact, the proportion of body fat in a human baby increases further over the first nine months after birth, building up to about a quarter of body weight. During that period, around 70 percent of the energy allocated to growth is used to deposit fat. In short, healthy babies do not lose their baby fat after birth but consolidate it and maintain it for up to three years. A mother’s investment in building up her infant’s fat reserves continues long after birth, largely thanks to nursing. A standard explanation for our plump babies has been that natural selection favored an increase in body fat to offset the loss of insulating body hair. It is known that the optimal temperature for a human infant kept in an incubator is about 90°F, so cooling could be a problem. Baby fat is distinctively distributed, being mainly located just beneath the skin. In contrast to adult fat stores, there is relatively little fat in the belly cavity. Anthropologist Boguslaw Pawlowski supported this view, arguing that various features of the human newborn evolved in early humans to counter excessive cooling during nights spent sleeping in open savannah. Those features include relatively large size as well as a greater proportion of subcutaneous fat (皮下脂肪). However, Kuzawa’s studies yielded only weak evidence for the role of subcutaneous fat proposed by Pawlowski. Kuzawa went on to explore a more likely explanation for our exceptionally plump babies: increased fat reserves as a crucial energy buffer. This would be particularly advantageous during the period of rapid brain growth in the first year of life. It could offset any disruption in the flow of resources to the growing infant. Going a step further, a 2003 paper by two nutritionists, Stephen Cunnane and Michael Crawford, argued that plump babies are the key to the evolution of the large human brain, and not only because of energy supply. About half the brain consists of fat, and a baby’s fat reserves contain special fats — long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) — that are essential for normal brain development. Calculations indicate that LCPUFAs present in baby fat at birth should be enough to fuel three months of brain growth. Deposition of fat in the human fetus takes place only during the last third of pregnancy; almost no fat is present during the first six months. As a result, fat reserves are well below normal in premature babies. A baby born five weeks early has only half the usual amount of fat, and a baby born ten weeks early has less than a sixth. Insufficient fat deposits mean that preemies (早产儿) are not well buffered for the rapid brain growth that takes place after birth. Although normal brain growth can nevertheless occur given adequate nutrition, it is vital to recognized the special needs of premature babies. Cunnane aptly describes stored fat in the newborn human as “insurance.” 67. The underlined word “standard” most nearly means ________. A. definitive B. accepted C. uniform D. technical 68. The author suggests that Kuzawa rejected Pawlowski’s hypothesis about human baby fat because Kuzawa ________. A. believed that Pawlowski had not studied a large enough number of subjects B. determined that Pawlowski had misrepresented data C. considered the data on which Pawlowski based his hypothesis outdated D. found insufficient support for Pawlowski’s conclusion 69. The description of Cunnane and Crawford’s work serves mainly to ________. A. suggest that earlier hypotheses about fat reserves are incomplete B. further support Kuzawa’s hypothesis about the effect of fat reserves on brain growth C. raise additional questions about the function of fatty acids found in babies D. resolve conflicting theories about the role of fat reserves in premature newborns 70. According to the figure, the differences in the fat percentage of body weight between males and females are ________. A. smaller after an increase in females’ growth rate around 10 months of age B. exactly the same during the period from birth to 60 months C. initially very slight but become greater after about 5 months of age D. consistent with body length differences between males and females up to age 60 months 71. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. provide data to challenge a hypothesis about human growth B. evaluate the validity of research findings regarding early brain development C. examine research comparing traits of human newborns to traits of other newborn mammals D. explore new hypotheses about the importance of fat in human infants Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Active Rest, Better Health Resting postures such as squatting (蹲) or kneeling may be better for health because they require more muscle activity than sitting on a chair, researchers claim. The findings are based on data gathered from a hunter-gatherer population in Tanzania. ____72____ Anthropologists (人类学家) from the US found that the Hadza people were sedentary (久坐) for almost 10 hours each day, equivalent to clocking a shift in the office at the desk. ____73____They believe this is down to the “active rest postures” used by the tribe. Dr. David Raichlen, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Southern California’s Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences said: “Even though there were long periods of inactivity, one of the key differences we noticed is that the Hadza are often resting in postures that require their muscles to maintain light levels of activity — either in a squat or kneeling.” Prolonged sitting has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. But this contradicts the evolutionary aspect which favors strategies that conserve energy. Brian Wood, an anthropologist at the University of California, and one of the study authors, said: “____74____ But when environments change, these preferences lead to less optimal outcomes.” To find out more, the researchers looked at the data from 28 Hadza adults who wore devices, known as accelerometers (加速度感应器), for eight days and compared it with the information gathered from previous studies that measured inactivity in modern working populations. ____75____ Despite that, the Hadza people did not show any signs of the health conditions associated with a sedentary lifestyle. A. However, they appeared to lack the markers of chronic diseases associated with long rest. B. Test subjects had strong physical activity for just an hour a day with several hours of inactivity. C. Environmental factors play a critical role in species’ evolution, externally or internally. D. They wore devices that measured physical activity as well as periods of rest. E. Surprisingly, they found the result was contrary to the assumption of active rest posture. F. Preferences that conserve energy have been key to our species’ evolutionary success. III. Summary 76. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Risk of a Digital Dark Age Imagine it’s 2040, and someone discovers floppy disks and VHS tapes labeled “Records and early videos of Bill Gates [1975-1985].” At first, this seems exciting, but frustration soon follows — recovering the information is nearly impossible. Even if the media are in good condition, finding a device to read them is a challenge. While digital technology allows us to store vast amounts of information, how long will our access last? Unlike physical disks and tapes, online data can disappear instantly. This concern led experts in the early 21st century to warn about a “digital dark age”, where future generations might lose access to today’s digital records. If current practices continue, much of our digital history could become inaccessible. Vint Cerf, one of the founding fathers of the internet, argues that this could happen if we don’t act quickly. The real concern isn’t just the durability of records but the lack of technology to access them. For example, CD players and old operating systems may become out of date, making even preserved data unreadable. The problem is particularly challenging with interactive apps and websites. While letters from centuries ago are still readable, will we be able to access a Weibo feed or a WeChat exchange a hundred years from now? This issue has led Mahadev Satyanarayanan of Carnegie Mellon University to take action. He has developed a system that stores everything needed to interpret a record — the record itself, the original operating system, and the application it used — in the cloud. This ensures that digital records remain accessible, even as technology changes. Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan stress the need for intentional preservation. Unlike physical records that can be stored indefinitely, digital information requires active decisions on what to save and how to store it. While major historical records may survive, everyday digital traces of our lives are at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 77. 随着社会的发展，英语通过创造新词和赋予旧词新义的方式与时俱进。(evolve) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 78. 毫不奇怪，这位能以喜剧和悲剧形式讲述伟大故事的作家树立了所有其他作家都渴望达到的标准。(surprise n.) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 79. 无论何时使用网络地图或电子支付，我们就会做诸如小程序点餐、线上订票、导航出行等事情，这些事情对我们祖先来说是闻所未闻的。(Whenever) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 80. 简·奥斯汀的小说经久不衰，其中就有《傲慢与偏见》这个关于爱、偏见及反抗社会旧习的故事，被翻译成至少40种语言，在全球各地以舞台剧的形式上演。(which；同位语) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 81. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划在图书馆内新购一批图书，特向全校师生征集意见，给图书馆写一封邮件，内容须包括： 1．你推荐图书馆新购何书； 2．简要描述该书的内容； 3．你推荐该书的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市曹杨二中 2025 学年度第二学期 高二年级期终考试英语试卷 考生注意： 1、答卷前，考生务必将姓名、班级、学号等在指定位置填写清楚。 2、本试卷共有 81 道试题，满分 115 分，考试时间 105 分钟。请考生用黑色水笔或钢笔将答案直接写在答题卷上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The research station was built in a lonely and remote zone, around _______ towering snow-capped mountains with extremely few plants or wild grasses growing on them. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个研究站建在一个偏僻遥远的区域，它的周围是高耸的雪山，山上极少生长植物或野草。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词zone，地点名词，介词around后需用关系代词which作宾语，排除B、D选项。同时，该定语从句使用了完全倒装结构，表方位的介词短语around which置于句首，真正的主语是后面的towering snow-capped mountains，为复数名词，故谓语动词需用复数形式were。 2. It doesn’t make much difference _______ you learn Tai Chi at a fast pace or not. _______ matters is that you cultivate inner peace and grasp its philosophy of harmony and softness, overcoming hardness through persistent practice. A. that; What B. if; That C. whether; What D. which; It 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：你是否快速学习太极拳并没有太大区别。重要的是你要培养内心的平静，领悟其和谐与柔和的哲学，通过坚持不懈的练习以柔克刚。第一空，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。从句中含有or not，常与whether连用，表示“是否”；第二空，引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事情”，需用what引导。 3. If China hadn’t made continuous efforts to develop new energy sources and promoted green transformation so vigorously, the heavy pressure brought about by the global energy crisis _______ relieved so effectively. A. couldn’t have been B. mustn’t have been C. needn’t have been D. shouldn’t have been 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果中国没有持续努力开发新能源并大力推动绿色转型，那么全球能源危机带来的巨大压力就不可能被如此有效地缓解。A. couldn’t have been不可能被；B. mustn’t have been(无此用法)；C. needn’t have been本不必被；D. shouldn’t have been本不应该被。根据‌“If China hadn’t made...”可知，本句是对过去情况的虚拟(与过去事实相反)，主句应用‌“情态动词+have done”结构；结合句意，这里表达的是‌“压力不可能被如此有效地缓解”，应用couldn’t have been…。 4. Recent research shows that as many as 25% of employees face work-related stress at some point in their careers, with frontline workers _______ more than office staff. A. affecting B. being affected C. affected D. having been affected 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：最近的研究表明，多达25%的员工在职业生涯的某个阶段面临与工作相关的压力，其中一线工人受到的影响比办公室职员更大。本题考查“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”复合结构。句中宾语frontline workers与动词affect之间为逻辑上的被动关系，即一线工人“被影响”，本句描述普遍存在的情况，不强调动作前后顺序，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 5. After ________ for clinical use in 2019, this medicine displayed the added benefit of protecting kidney function and soon became a preferred choice for patients ________ a more stable quality of life. A. approving; pursued B. being approved; pursuing C. having approved; pursuing D. approved; pursued 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在2019年被批准用于临床后，这种药物显示出了保护肾功能的额外益处，并很快成为追求更稳定生活质量的患者的首选。第一空，介词After后应接动名词作宾语，且句子的主语this medicine“这种药物”与动词approve“批准”之间为被动关系，故使用动名词的被动式being approved；第二空，名词patients“患者”与动词pursue“追求”之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词pursuing作后置定语修饰名词patients。 6. Shakespeare was known to us all _______ one of the most notable figures in Britain’s literary field and was committed to _______ the English language through his timeless works. A. for; enriching B. for; enrich C. as; enrich D. as; enriching 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：莎士比亚作为英国文学界最杰出的人物之一为我们大家所熟知，他致力于通过其不朽的作品来丰富英语语言。第一空考查固定搭配be known as，意为“作为……而闻名/为人所知”，此处表示“作为最杰出的人物之一”；第二空考查固定搭配be committed to doing sth.，意为“致力于做某事”，其中to为介词，后需接enrich的动名词形式作宾语。 7. _______ into the telescope than the instrument was taken away from my hands, _______ me standing there in surprise. A. No sooner did I peer; left B. No sooner had I peered; leaving C. Hardly did I peer; leaving D. Hardly had I peered; left 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我刚一往望远镜里看，这个仪器就被从我手中拿走了，留下我惊讶地站在那里。固定句型 no sooner... than... 意为“一……就……”，当 no sooner 位于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装，且主句谓语动词通常用过去完成时，即“No sooner had + 主语 + 过去分词”，故第一空填 No sooner had I peered；第二空为非谓语动词作主语，此处表示自然而然的结果，leave和逻辑主语前面整句话为主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。 8. With the efforts of promoting education and literacy campaigns, the number of illiterate people is dropping _______ it will not be much time _______ the small flames turn into a big fire. A. but; before B. and; before C. as; since D. for; since 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：随着推广教育和扫盲运动的努力，文盲人数正在下降，并且不久之后星星之火就会燎原。第一空前后的句子“文盲人数正在下降”与“不久之后星星之火就会燎原”之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接；第二空考查固定句型It will not be long/much time before...，意为“不久之后就会……”，用before引导时间状语从句。 9. _______ was the impact of global climate change on coastal regions _______ numerous low-lying cities faced the risk of being permanently flooded by rising sea levels. A. So; as B. So; that C. Such; as D. Such; that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：全球气候变化对沿海地区的影响是如此之大，以至于许多低洼城市面临着被不断上升的海平面永久淹没的风险。此句意为“某物如此……以至于……”，为固定句型“主语 + be动词 + such + that从句”，此时such作表语，相当于so great等表示程度的词，修饰主语。such置于句首表示强调时，主句需要使用倒装结构，即“Such + be动词 + 主语 + that从句”，若使用so，则需构成“So + adj. + be动词 + 主语 + that从句”或“So + adv. + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词 + that…”的结构。题干中be动词was前没有形容词或副词，故第一空填Such，第二空填that引导结果状语从句。 10. _______ the idea of going on a strict diet to lose weight quickly is not new, _______ it fails is scientific, because many people wrongly believe cutting meals can effectively burn body fat. A. Though; where B. Although; that C. In spite of; where D. Despite; that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管通过严格节食来快速减肥的想法并不新鲜，但它的失败是有科学依据的，因为许多人错误地认为减少进餐可以有效地燃烧体脂。第一空后的the idea of going on a strict diet to lose weight quickly is not new是一个完整的句子，需要用连词引导让步状语从句，而in spite of和despite是介词，后面只能接名词、代词或动名词短语，不能接完整的句子，故排除C、D项；第二空引导主语从句，作主句的主语，从句结构完整，不缺主干成分，需用that引导，that在主语从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. An Ancient Practice for Modern Health The spread of mindfulness has been little short of remarkable. ____11____ (Originate) in Buddhist practices that date back over 2,000 years, it was relatively unknown in the West until just a few years ago and practised only by a handful of enthusiasts. Recently, however, it has emerged as a multi-billion-dollar industry and enjoys wide acceptance among celebrities, business leaders, doctors, and parents alike. So what exactly is mindfulness and how is it supposed to work? Well, in essence, it’s a meditation therapy designed to train people to focus fully on inner processes ____12____ (occur) in the here and now. Evidence is slowly mounting of its potential to solve a range of health problems ____13____ traditional approaches often fall short. For instance, it’s been claimed that it can break the cycle of depression and anxiety. People suffering from depression often find their negative moods ____14____ (couple) with negative thoughts. While these thoughts usually disappear once the episode has passed or once medication has been prescribed, an association between the various symptoms ____15____ (not establish) in the brain. As a result, a mood change caused by something unimportant such as bad weather can cause the symptoms, leading to a re-occurrence of depression. The more this happens, the more likely it is to re-occur, making the problem more resistant to drug treatment. Mindfulness-based therapies help people break this negative cycle by helping them recognize ____16____ their negative thought patterns are and direct their attention to the present rather than the past or future. This can also bring about physical benefits: the heart beats slower, muscles loosen and even brain structure may possibly be altered. Mindfulness is believed to stimulate new neural connections and studies have shown that the areas of the brain associated with the regulation of emotions are bigger in people ____17____ daily routines include frequent meditation. The spread of mindfulness shows the interest many Western health professionals take in Eastern practices. ____18____ Western medicine, during the 20th century, life expectancy doubled in developed countries and many infectious diseases disappeared. However, while death may have been delayed, many are now living longer not in health but in sickness. Western medical practice is often ____19____ (effective) at dealing with long-term illness and general well-being. ____20____ you are in terrible pain or have something life threatening, Western doctors often have little to offer. Indeed, many dismiss patients with low-level complaints as “the worried well”. Eastern medicine such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), on the other hand, is more focused on maintaining good health. TCM is underpinned by a philosophy that stresses harmony between mind, body and the environment. It aims to “rebalance” patients and unblock natural energy flows called “chi”, and is apparently more successful in relieving more minor conditions such as eczema, back pain and migraines. 【答案】11. Originating 12. occurring 13. where 14. coupled##are coupled 15. is not established##hasn't been established 16. what 17. whose 18. With 19. less effective 20. Unless 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了正念疗法的起源、核心原理与作用机制，并通过与西医在慢性病治疗上的局限性对比，阐明了正念冥想在改善情绪调节、打破负性思维循环等方面的独特价值。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：正念起源于2000多年前的佛教修行，直到几年前在西方还鲜为人知，只有少数爱好者修习。主语it指代mindfulness，句中有谓语was unknown，______ (Originate) in Buddhist practices that date back over 2,000 years作状语，要将Originate变成非谓语动词；由于it与originate之间为主动关系，且动作与主句状态伴随存在，要将Originate变成现在分词Originating。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：从本质上讲，它是一种冥想疗法，旨在训练人们完全专注于当下发生的内在心理过程。句中已有谓语动词is，括号里的occur是动词，其前无并列连词，要将其变成非谓语动词；_______ (occur) in the here and now作定语修饰inner processes，它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，要将occur变成现在分词occurring。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：越来越多的证据表明，在传统方法往往收效甚微的一系列健康问题上，它具备解决潜力。______traditional approaches often fall short是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词a range of health problems，所填词在该从句中作地点状语，关系副词where符合要求。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词或动词的时态语态。句意：抑郁症患者常常发现自己的负面情绪与负面想法相伴而生。句中有谓语find，find sth+非谓语动词是固定用法，moods与couple之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词coupled。也可将their negative moods_______ (couple) with negative thoughts.看作省略连接词that的宾语从句，空处作宾语从句的谓语动词，be coupled with“与……相伴而生”是固定搭配，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语moods是复数，be用are。 【15题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：虽然这些想法通常在抑郁发作结束或服药后就会消失，但大脑中并/还未建立起各类症状之间的稳固关联。主语an association与establish之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；本句可看作描述客观原理，用一般现在时的被动语态，也可看作表示这种关联到在想法消为止还未建立，即对现在造成了影响，用现在完成时被动语态的否定形式；主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。 【16题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：正念疗法帮助人们认识到自身的负性思维模式是什么，将注意力导向当下而非过去或未来，从而打破这种负面循环。______ their negative thought patterns are是连接词引导的宾语从句，作recognize的宾语；所填词在该从句中作表语，用连接代词what。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，日常有规律进行冥想的人，大脑中与情绪调节相关的区域体积更大。______daily routines include frequent meditation是关系词引导的定语从句，修饰表示人的先行词people，该关系词在从句中作定语修饰daily routines，关系代词whose符合要求。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：有了西医，20世纪发达国家的人均预期寿命翻了一番，多种传染病也已绝迹。所填词后接了名词短语Western medicine，要用介词；根据“life expectancy doubled”可知，介词with表示“凭借、有”，符合句意；with位于句首，首字母w需大写。 【19题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：西医往往在治疗慢性病和调理整体健康方面效果不佳。根据后文转折语境及对比东方医学的优势可知，此处暗含比较、表否定效果，用effective的比较级否定形式less effective表示“效果更差、收效甚微”。 【20题详解】 考查连词。句意：除非你承受着剧痛或患有危及生命的疾病，否则西医往往没有太多办法。_____you are in terrible pain or have something life threatening是条件状语从句，结合主句Western doctors often have little to offer可知，此处语义为“除非……否则……”，要用连词unless；单词位于句首，首字母u需大写。 Section C （A） Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. evolutionary B. channel C. perceptive D. superiority E. universal F. knit G. extension H. formative I. chill out J. in vain K. deprived of 21. In order to minimize casualties and ensure full control of the battlefield, the attacking side will need a decisive three-to-one _______ in armed forces to be completely sure of a successful attack. 22. Though the towering mountain twists and curves steeply as it rises through thick ancient forests and jagged rocky slopes, it steadily maintains a clear and unwavering direction of _______ toward the majestic, snow-capped peak piercing through the clouds. 23. Such problems as declining physical mobility, weakened immunity, and chronic illnesses are a(n) _______ feature of old age, a common reality faced by the growing number of elderly people in China, whether they live in cities with comprehensive care or in rural communities. 24. Attraction to physical symmetry, apparent health, and signs of youth is essentially a(n) _______ adaption formed over long-term natural selection, rather than a fictional concept merely created and promoted by commercial consumerism and modern media. 25. The most common form of stroke occurs when part of the brain is rapidly _______ vital oxygen and nutrients after a blood vessel is suddenly clogged by a blood clot, leading to the damage or death of brain cells within minutes. 26. As someone who had worked in interpersonal communication for years, she was great at reading other people’s hidden thoughts, yet she was surprisingly not so _______ when it came to her own feelings. 27. Although he often got into fights and acted out aggressively due to his troubled upbringing, he has gradually learnt to _______ that intense physical violence into powerful creative energy, turning his inner anger into art and writing. 28. Although the local fire and police forces had carried out an extensive, 10-hour overnight search in the remote mountains, fortunately, the risky rescue did not end _______ — all seven trapped hikers were safely found and brought down. 29. At Innovate Solutions, we are very fortunate to have a group of staff who _______ together closely as a unified team, support each other through challenges, and consistently excel in everything they do with dedication and skill. 30. I believe our likes and dislikes are deeply imprinted in our minds from early childhood, probably shaped and passed on unconsciously through our _______ daily experiences and emotional interactions with our parents. 【答案】21. D 22. G 23. E 24. A 25. K 26. C 27. B 28. J 29. F 30. H 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了最大限度地减少伤亡并确保对战场的完全控制，进攻方需要在武装力量上拥有决定性的三比一优势，才能完全确保进攻成功。空前有形容词短语“a decisive three-to-one”修饰，空后无宾语，应用名词；superiority意为“优势，优越性”，符合语境。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管高耸的山脉在茂密的古老森林和崎岖的岩石斜坡中陡峭蜿蜒，但它稳定地保持着向那雄伟的、刺破云层的雪峰清晰的、坚定不移的延伸方向。空前为介词of，空后为介词短语作后置定语，可知空处需名词；extension意为“延伸，伸展”，符合山脉向山峰延伸的意象。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：身体活动能力下降、免疫力减弱、慢性疾病等问题是老年期的一个普遍特征，这是中国越来越多的老年人面临的共同现实，无论他们生活在拥有全面照护的城市还是农村社区。空处修饰名词“feature”，应用形容词；universal意为“普遍的，全体的”，符合“老年期普遍特征”的语境。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对身体的对称性、明显的健康和青春迹象的吸引力本质上是长期自然选择形成的进化适应，而不是由商业消费主义和现代媒体仅仅创造和推广的虚构概念。空处修饰名词“adaption”，应用形容词；evolutionary意为“进化的，演变的”，符合“自然选择形成的进化适应”语境。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：最常见的中风类型发生在大脑的一部分因血管突然被血凝块堵塞而被迅速剥夺了重要的氧气和营养物质之后，导致脑细胞在数分钟内受损或死亡。空处与主语“part of the brain”构成被动关系，应用过去分词；be deprived of意为“被剥夺了……，缺乏……”，符合“被剥夺氧气和营养”的语境。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：作为一名从事人际沟通工作多年的人，她非常擅长解读他人隐藏的想法，但令人惊讶的是，在涉及自己的情感时，她却不那么敏锐。空处在句中作表语，需用形容词；perceptive意为“敏锐的，有洞察力的”，符合与他人对比的语境。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管由于不幸的成长经历，他经常打架并表现出攻击性行为，但他已逐渐学会将那强烈的身体暴力转化为强大的创造能量，将内心的愤怒转化为艺术和写作。空前为“learn to”，空处需动词原形；channel意为“引导”，搭配“channel...into...”表示“将……转化为……”，符合语境。 【28题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：尽管当地消防和警察部队在偏远的山区进行了长达10小时的大规模夜间搜索，但幸运的是，这次危险的救援并没有以失败告终——所有七名被困徒步旅行者都被安全找到并带下山。空前为“did not end”，可知空处作结果状语；in vain意为“徒劳地，无结果地”，“end in vain”表示“以失败告终”，符合语境。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：在Innovate Solutions，我们非常幸运拥有一群员工，他们作为一个团结的团队紧密地凝聚在一起，互相支持，共克挑战，并以奉献精神和技能在所做的每一件事上都持续表现出色。空处为定语从句谓语动词，主语为“who”，指代staff，为复数概念，需动词原形；knit意为“编织，紧密联结”，“knit together”表示“紧密凝聚在一起”，符合团队团结的语境。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我相信我们的好恶从童年早期就深深地印刻在我们的脑海中，可能是通过我们个性形成阶段的日常经历和与父母的情感互动无意识地形成并传递的。空处修饰“daily experiences”，应用形容词；formative意为“有重大影响的”，“formative daily experiences”指“个性形成阶段的日常经历”，符合语境。 （B） Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. erosion B. justifications C. materialized D. nature E. generational F. capacity G. confined H. reversed I. structural J. unrecognizable K. translated The Myth of Linguistic Decline Linguistic decline is the cultural equivalent of the boy who cried wolf, except the wolf never turns up. Perhaps this is why, even though the idea that language is going to the dogs is widespread, nothing much has been done to address it: it’s a powerful intuition, but the evidence of its effects has simply never ____31____. That is because it is unscientific nonsense. There is no such thing as linguistic decline, so far as the expressive ____32____ of the spoken or written word is concerned. We need not fear a breakdown in communication. Our language will always be as flexible and sophisticated as it has been up to now. Those who warn about the deterioration of English haven’t learned about the history of the language, and don’t understand the ____33____ of their own complaints — which are simply statements of preference for the way of doing things they have become used to. The ____34____ of language to the point that “ultimately, no doubt, we shall communicate with a series of grunts” (as some would say) will not, cannot, happen. The clearest evidence for this is that warnings about the deterioration of English have been around for a very long time. Many famous writers, across a span of hundreds of years, had moaned about the decline of language standards. Yet the period also encompasses some of the greatest works of English literature. And deep concerns over linguistic standards are not ____35____ to English only. The fate of every language in the world has been mourned by its native speakers at one point or another. The hard truth is that English, like all other languages, is constantly evolving. It is the speed of the change, within our own short lives, that creates the illusion of decline. Because change is often ____36____, older speakers recognize that the norms they grew up with are falling away, replaced with new ones they are not as comfortable using. This cognitive difficulty doesn’t feel good: and the bad feelings are ____37____ into criticism and complaint. We tend to find intellectual ____38____ for our personal preferences, whatever their motivation. If we lived for hundreds of years, we would be able to see the bigger picture. Because when you zoom out, you can appreciate that language change is not just a question of slovenliness (邋遢): it happens at every level, from the superficial to the ____39____. Any given language is significantly reconfigured (重新配置) over the centuries, to the extent that it becomes totally ____40____. But, as with complex systems in the natural world, there is often a kind of homeostasis: simplification in one area can lead to greater complexity in another. What stays the same is the communicative power of the language. You can always say what needs to be said. 【答案】31. C 32. F 33. D 34. A 35. G 36. E 37. K 38. B 39. I 40. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章驳斥了“语言衰落”的观点，指出语言不会衰落，它只是在不断演变，变化速度带来的认知不适被误认为是衰落，而语言的交际能力始终不变。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：也许这就是为什么，尽管“语言正在衰退”的观念非常普遍，但人们却并未采取什么行动来应对：这是一种强烈的直觉，但其影响的证据却始终未曾真正显现。根据下文“That is because it is unscientific nonsense”可知，所谓的证据从未出现过。动词materialize意为“实现、成为现实”，作谓语，用过去分词形式，构成现在完成时态。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：就口语或书面语的表现能力而言，不存在语言衰落这回事。根据“of the spoken or written word”可知，此处指语言的表达能力。名词capacity意为“能力、容量”，作主语。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：那些警告英语正在退化的人，既不了解这门语言的历史，也不明白他们自己抱怨的本质——那些抱怨只不过是对他们已习惯的表达方式的一种偏好声明而已。根据下文“which are simply statements of preference”可知，他们的抱怨仅仅是个人偏好，他们并不理解自身抱怨的真正本质。名词nature意为“本质、本性”，符合语境，作宾语。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：语言退化到“最终我们无疑会用一系列咕噜声交流”的程度不会、也不可能发生。根据“to the point that “ultimately, no doubt, we shall communicate with a series of grunts””可知，此处指语言的侵蚀或退化。名词erosion意为“侵蚀、腐蚀”，用于比喻语言质量的下降，作主语。 【35题详解】 考查动词的过去分词。句意：对语言标准的深切担忧并不仅限于英语。根据下文“The fate of every language in the world has been mourned”可知，担忧不局限于英语一种语言。动词confine意为“限制”，be confined to是固定搭配，意为“局限于”。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：由于变化通常具有代际性，年长的语言使用者会意识到他们成长过程中所遵循的规范正在消失，被他们不太习惯使用的新规范所取代。根据下文“older speakers recognize that the norms they grew up with are falling away”可知，变化发生在代与代之间。形容词generational意为“代际的”，作表语。 【37题详解】 考查动词的过去分词。句意：这种认知上的不适感并不好受：而这种负面情绪便转化成了批评和抱怨。根据下文“into criticism and complaint”可知，负面情绪被转变成批评。动词translate意为“转变，转化”，作谓语，用过去分词构成被动语态are translated into，意为“被转化为”。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们倾向于为个人偏好寻找理性的辩护，无论其动机如何。根据“for our personal preferences”可知，我们为偏好寻找理由或辩护。名词justifications意为“理由、辩护”，作宾语。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它发生在各个层面，从表面的到结构性的。根据“from the superficial to the”可知，与“superficial(表面的)”相对，用形容词structural，意为“结构性的”，符合语境。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在几个世纪的时间里，任何一种语言都会被显著地重新配置，以至于变得完全认不出来。根据“becomes totally”可知，语言变化之大以至于无法辨认。用形容词unrecognizable作表语，意为“无法辨认的”。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As the British Veterinary Association president, Dr. Justine Shotton, tells me: “Under the UK’s animal welfare act, pet owners have a duty of care towards their pet to ensure that its five welfare needs, including an appropriate diet, are met. Owners could be prosecuted for causing suffering to their pet through ____41____ diet, so it is important to talk to a vet first.” So can our pets safely become vegetarians or vegans? For dogs it’s relatively straightforward, ____42____ their complex feline (猫科) cousins (as is generally the case). Dogs are omnivores (杂食者), and as long as their diet is complete and balanced they can be vegetarians or even vegans. This does need to be ____43____ with care; you can’t just start to feed them pasta and tomato sauce with broccoli and carrots on the side. You need to do your research to ensure that their diet meets all of their ____44____, including protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibre. The easiest and safest ____45____ is to buy a commercially manufactured complete vegetarian or vegan dog food that has gone through feeding trials. Such products are formulated by professional nutritionists, and are legally ____46____ to fulfil specific nutritional criteria. Cats are different: as obligate carnivores, it’s far more difficult for them to remain ____47____ without eating meat. Their anatomy — i.e. their teeth and digestive tracts — and metabolism have evolved to obtain ____48____ from small preys such as rodents and birds. While a cat’s physical anatomy can adapt (cats are able to consume, digest and absorb plant-based food), a cat’s energy-creating metabolic ____49____ cannot: felines need specific groups of nutrients that are commonly found only in meat. For starters, cats have a higher protein ____50____, with an absolute need for two specific amino acids (the individual units that combine to form proteins). One of these, taurine, is only found naturally in meat but can be ____51____ manufactured from chemicals of non-meat origin. The other is arginine, which is common in meat but can also be found in specific plant sources. If it’s feeding a non-meat diet to a cat, careful supplementation of these two amino acids is ____52____. Secondly, a cat’s diet must include arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid that is usually found only in animal tissue. A soil fungus can be used to ____53____ a vegan version of arachidonic acid, and this can be used to supplement commercial vegan cat food. They also have meat-linked vitamin needs, including a preformed version of vitamin A that only ____54____ naturally in meat, and also vitamin B12. Synthetic supplements of these nutrients are added to ____55____ vegan cat diets to stop them becoming seriously ill. 41. A. destructive B. ignorant C. cautious D. inadequate 42. A. compared with B. composed of C. appealed to D. depended on 43. A. underlain B. mistaken C. undertaken D. misidentified 44. A. faces B. needs C. costs D. deals 45. A. approach B. requirement C. exposure D. companion 46. A. adopted B. advanced C. obliged D. tempted 47. A. noticeable B. healthy C. economical D. industrious 48. A. addiction B. infection C. leisure D. nutrition 49. A. processes B. covers C. accesses D. benefits 50. A. contradiction B. equivalent C. requirement D. substitute 51. A. intellectually B. synthetically C. occasionally D. academically 52. A. apparent B. remarkable C. exhaustible D. essential 53. A. manufacture B. contrast C. reserve D. stream 54. A. emerges B. occurs C. exists D. originates 55. A. confidential B. commercial C. financial D. experimental 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】文章围绕宠物素食饮食展开科普，对比了杂食动物狗与专性肉食动物猫的生理营养差异，说明狗狗可安全素食但猫咪纯素饮食难度极高，并讲解猫咪素食必须人工补充的特殊营养物质。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：主人若因饮食不足导致宠物遭受痛苦，可能会被起诉，所以先咨询兽医至关重要。A. destructive破坏性的；B. ignorant无知的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. inadequate不足的。根据前文“Under the UK’s animal welfare act, pet owners have a duty of care towards their pet to ensure that its five welfare needs, including an appropriate diet, are met.”可知，英国的动物福利法规定宠物主人有责任满足宠物的五种福利需求，包括适当的饮食，由此可知， 如果饮食“不足”，导致宠物受苦，主人会被起诉。 【42题详解】 考查短语。句意：对于狗来说，这相对简单，不像它们复杂的猫科亲戚(通常情况如此)。 A. compared with与……相比；B. composed of由……组成；C. appealed to吸引；D. depended on依靠。根据后文“Dogs are omnivores”以及“Cats are different: as obligate carnivores”可知，此处将狗和猫做对比。 【43题详解】 考查动词。句意：这件事必须谨慎进行；不能只喂意大利面、番茄酱配西兰花胡萝卜。A. underlain构成……基础；B. mistaken弄错；C. undertaken开展、实施；D. misidentified误认。根据后文“You need to do your research to ensure that their diet meets all of their needs”可知，给宠物安排素食这件事要谨慎落实。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：你需要做足功课，确保饮食满足它全部需求，包括蛋白质、碳水、脂肪、维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维。A. faces面容；B. needs需求；C. costs成本；D. deals交易。根据后文列举的“protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibre”可知，这些都是宠物的营养“需求”。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：最简单、最安全的方法是购买经过喂养试验的、商业制造的完整素食或纯素狗粮。A. approach方法，途径；B. requirement要求；C. exposure暴露；D. companion同伴。根据后文“to buy a commercially manufactured complete vegetarian or vegan dog food”可知，这里介绍的是最简单安全的“方法”。 【46题详解】 考查动词。句意：这类产品由专业营养师调配，法律规定其必须达到特定营养标准。A. adopted采纳；B. advanced推进；C. obliged强制、有义务；D. tempted引诱。 根据前文“legally”以及后文“to fulfil specific nutritional criteria”可知，法律“要求”这些产品必须达到标准。 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意：猫是不同的：作为专性肉食动物，不吃肉还保持健康要难得多。A. noticeable明显的；B. healthy健康的；C. economical节约的；D. industrious勤奋的。根据后文“felines need specific groups of nutrients that are commonly found only in meat”可知，无肉饮食很难让猫咪维持健康。 【48题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们的解剖结构——即牙齿和消化道——以及新陈代谢已经进化为从老鼠和鸟类等小型猎物中获取营养。A. addiction瘾；B. infection感染；C. leisure休闲；D. nutrition营养。根据前文“evolved to obtain”以及后文“from small preys such as rodents and birds”可知，动物进食是为了获取“营养”。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然猫的身体解剖结构可以适应（猫能够消耗、消化和吸收植物性食物），但猫产生能量的代谢过程却不能：猫科动物需要通常只在肉中发现的特定营养素群。A. processes过程、生理机制；B. covers覆盖物；C. accesses通道；D. benefits益处。根据前文“energy-creating metabolic”可知，这里指的是代谢“过程”。 【50题详解】 考查名词。句意：首先，猫有更高的蛋白质需求，绝对需要两种特定的氨基酸（结合形成蛋白质的单个单元）。A. contradiction矛盾；B. equivalent等价物；C. requirement需求；D. substitute替代品。根据后文“an absolute need for two specific amino acids”可知，此处指蛋白质摄入需求。 【51题详解】 考查副词。句意：句意：其中一种，牛磺酸，天然只存在于肉中，但可以由非肉类来源的化学物质合成制造。A. intellectually智力上地；B. synthetically合成地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. academically学术上地。根据后文“manufactured from chemicals of non-meat origin”可知，该物质是人工合成的。 【52题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果给猫喂食非肉类饮食，仔细补充这两种氨基酸是必不可少的。A. apparent明显的；B. remarkable卓越的；C. exhaustible可耗尽的；D. essential必不可少的。根据前文“an absolute need for two specific amino acids”可知，补充这些氨基酸是“必不可少的”。 【53题详解】 考查动词。句意：一种土壤真菌可用来人工制造素食版花生四烯酸，添加到商业化素食猫粮中。A. manufacture生产、制造；B. contrast对比；C. reserve储备；D. stream流动。根据后文“a vegan version of arachidonic acid”可知，真菌被用来“制造”这种物质。 【54题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们还需要肉类相关维生素，包括仅天然存在于肉类的预制维生素A以及维生素B12。A. emerges浮现；B. occurs发生；C. exists存在；D. originates起源。根据后文“naturally in meat”可知，该维生素天然只存在于肉类中。 【55题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些营养的人工补充剂被添加到商业化素食猫粮中，避免猫咪患上严重疾病。A. confidential保密的；B. commercial商业的；C. financial金融的；D. experimental实验性的。根据前文“supplement commercial vegan cat food”可知，这里指的是市面上售卖的商业化猫粮。 Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Kate McDermott describes it as “the sizzle-whump. ” It is the sound a pie makes when it is perfectly baked, said the author of Art of the Pie. The “sizzle” is the sound of hot butter cooking the flour in the crust (酥皮), combining it into a crisp, golden lid, while the “whump” is the sound of the thickened filling bumping up against the top crust as it bubbles at a steady pace. “I call it the heartbeat of the pie, ” she said. McDermott, 63, leads intensive baking seminars (研讨会) across the United States. Before she became a pie coach, she was a professional musician. “I experience the world primarily through sound,” she said. “I’ve been listening to pies ever since I started baking them. ” Any experienced cook knows that there is much more to cooking than just taste. Learn to use all five senses in the kitchen, and you will become a better cook, especially if you sharpen those senses which are typically less associated with cooking: hearing and touch. Cooks with visual impairment, who cannot see the golden brown of a pie crust or the shine of perfectly scrambled eggs (炒蛋), know this better than anyone. The cook and writer Christine Ha, 37, said that touch has become her primary guide in the kitchen since she began losing her sight soon after starting college. She started cooking with her late mother’s deep-fried spring rolls, dealing with them through touch and hearing as well as taste and smell. She tests the flexibility of the wrappers with her fingers, listens for the sound the bubbling oil makes when throwing in a bit of filling to test its heat, and taps the frying rolls with tongs (夹子) to test whether the shells are crisp. In fact, many of the important signals in any kitchen have nothing to do with sight or taste: distinguishing the sound of a boil versus a simmer (煨), understanding the feel of a rare (一分熟的) steak versus a medium-well (七分熟的) one, biting into pasta as it cooks to catch the brief, perfect moment between chewy and soft. For most of human history, children would learn signals such as these simply by being near their family’s stove (炉子). But today, unless they spend a lot of time in a kitchen, their sensory cooking skills may be limited to listening for the moment when the microwave popcorn stops popping. These children often grow up to be cooks who focus on the reading and rereading of recipes, often at the expense of paying attention to the stove. However, recipes are apparently limited when it comes to sensory information. An instruction like “simmer over low heat for 30 minutes until thickened” can produce endlessly different results. The recipe has no idea what your stove considers “low” heat. It also does not know what your pan is made of or what “thickened” looks like to you. This is why the best cooks learn to work not just with their minds and their taste buds (味蕾), but also with all of their senses. 56. According to the article, people tend to think that _________ are the most important senses for a cook to have. ①taste ②sight ③touch ④smell ⑤hearing A. ①②③ B. ①③⑤ C. ①②④ D. ①②③④ 57. According to the article, both Kate McDermott and Christine Ha _________. A. are good at baking pies B. suffer from an eye disease C. started cooking at an early age D. rely more on their ears than eyes while cooking 58. According to the article, the main problem with today’s children is that they _________. A. don’t know how to cook at all B. make popcorn by following a recipe C. ignore the signals from the stove while cooking D. can’t tell the difference between “boil” and “simmer” 59. According to the article, recipes are of little use _________. A. for any experienced chef B. when it comes to cooking C. unless coupled with our own senses D. if we keep reading and rereading them 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. C 59. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在烹饪过程中，除了味觉和视觉外，听觉和触觉等感官同样重要，并通过两位厨师的经历强调了多感官在烹饪中的应用。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Any experienced cook knows that there is much more to cooking than just taste. Learn to use all five senses in the kitchen, and you will become a better cook, especially if you sharpen those senses which are typically less associated with cooking: hearing and touch. (任何有经验的厨师都知道，烹饪远不止是味道。学会在厨房里运用所有五种感官，你会成为一个更好的厨师，特别是如果你能敏锐那些通常与烹饪不太相关的感官：听觉和触觉)”可知，人们通常认为①味觉、②视觉和④嗅觉是烹饪中最重要的感官，而⑤听觉和③触觉则较少被重视。故选C项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“McDermott, 63, leads intensive baking seminars (研讨会) across the United States. Before she became a pie coach, she was a professional musician. “I experience the world primarily through sound,” she said. (63岁的麦克德莫特在全美举办密集的烘焙研讨会。在成为派教练之前，她是一名职业音乐家。“我主要通过声音来体验世界，”她说)”和第六段“The cook and writer Christine Ha, 37, said that touch has become her primary guide in the kitchen since she began losing her sight soon after starting college. (37岁的厨师兼作家克里斯汀·哈说，自从她上大学后不久开始失明以来，触觉已成为她在厨房的主要向导)”可知，凯特·麦克德莫特和克里斯汀·哈在烹饪时更依赖耳朵而不是眼睛。故选D项。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But today, unless they spend a lot of time in a kitchen, their sensory cooking skills may be limited to listening for the moment when the microwave popcorn stops popping. These children often grow up to be cooks who focus on the reading and rereading of recipes, often at the expense of paying attention to the stove. (但如今，除非他们在厨房里花很多时间，否则他们的感官烹饪技能可能仅限于听微波爆米花停止爆裂的那一刻。这些孩子长大后往往成为专注于阅读和重读食谱的厨师，往往以不注意炉子为代价)”可知，当今孩子们的主要问题是他们在烹饪时忽视了来自炉子的信号。故选C项。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, recipes are apparently limited when it comes to sensory information. An instruction like “simmer over low heat for 30 minutes until thickened” can produce endlessly different results. (然而，当涉及到感官信息时，食谱显然是有限的。像“用小火煨30分钟直到变稠”这样的指令会产生无数不同的结果)”可知，除非与我们的感官相结合，否则食谱的用处不大。故选C项。 （B） Item Specifics • Brand Name: Walking Pad • Fold: Yes • Heart Rate Test: Without • Application: Home Use Treadmill • Driving Power: Electric • Award: Won 2019 IF Design & Reddot Design Award • Applicable Place: Home / Office / Outdoor • Type of Exercise: Aerobic Exercise • Applicable Age: 12-60 Years Old • Display Type: LED Display with Status Indicators • Secondary Data Display: Cell Phone App Enabled • Walking Pad APP Versions: iOS and Android Systems Compatible • Remote Control Type: Radio Frequency Mini Remote Control with Wristband Lanyard • Battery Number in Remote Control: CR2032 • Walking Surface: 1200 * 415 mm • Speed Range: 0.5 — 6km/h • Gross Weight: 31 kg • Net Weight: 28 kg • User Capacity: 100 kg Weight Capacity • Power Input: 746W • Working Dimensions: 1432 * 547 *129mm • Folded Dimensions: 822*547*129mm Product Description Outstanding Selling Point of Walking Pad A1 Walking Pad A1 Walking Machine gives you another way to enjoy sports, it is 90% space-saving than the traditional treadmill and can be easily folded and stored with the help of double folding design and smooth-rolling wheels. [Worldwide Design field Oscar Awards] Walking Pad A1 is also called space walking machine, won the 2019 Red Dot Award and IF Award because of excellent outlook design, outstanding production details, smart foldable concept and intelligent operating experience. [Foldable Design] The Walking Pad can be folded in half. Through the 2 rollers at the bottom, it can be moved smoothly in the limited space under the desk, sofa or bed, etc. [Footstep Speed] By the high Precision pressure sensor in the walking treadmill, you can control the Walking Pad in high, medium or slow speed, through footstep on the front acceleration zone, middle (uniform speed) zone or tail (deceleration) zone. [Noise Free, Comfortable Fitness Experience] With the wear-resistant anti-slip walking belt, and the noise-reduction multi-layer structure, you can walk or jog comfortably at home or office, without disturbing families, neighbors, colleagues or even yourself. [Multiple Security Protection and Visualized Walking Data] With the child lock protection, overload protection, auto standby, and starter speed limit functions, you can rest assured to use this Walking Pad. By connecting with the Walking Pad APP or through the LED light on the dashboard, you can see the data for each walk, it quantifies and urges you to exercise. 60. ________ is likely to be the potential target for Walking Pad? A. Robb, who has recovered from an injury to resume the training B. Jane, who is looking for sports equipment with heart rate monitor C. Arya, a ten-year-old girl, who wants to lose weight for health reason D. Cersei, who is accustomed to running with a screen rested on the armrest 61. Which of the following is the selling point of Walking Pad? A. Three zones for noise reduction. B. Quantification of calories burned. C. Suitability for compact apartment. D. Anti-slip walking belt for barefoot runners. 62. Where can we probably find the passage? A. A scientific journal. B. An engineering paper. C. A fitness club brochure. D. A website advertisement. 【答案】60. A 61. C 62. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍Walking Pad A1走步机的详细产品参数、产品描述与核心卖点，包括折叠设计、获奖外观、脚踏调速、低噪运行、多重安全防护等功能。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文Item Specifics板块“Heart Rate Test: Without (无心率检测功能)”可知，B选项需要心率监测，该走步机无此功能；根据“Applicable Age: 12-60 Years Old (适用年龄：12 至 60 岁)”可知，C 选项年龄10岁不在适用范围；根据“Working Dimensions: 1432*547*129mm (展开使用尺寸：1432×547×129 毫米)”可知，该走步机属于超薄平板款式，D选项需要扶手显示屏，不符合产品参数；根据“Speed Range: 0.5 — 6km/h (速度范围：0.5至6千米每小时)”可知，该走步机属于低强度运动，适合康复期循序渐进恢复运动，因此准备康复训练的Robb是这款走步机的潜在目标用户。 【61题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文Product Description板块“Walking Pad A1 Walking Machine gives you another way to enjoy sports, it is 90% space-saving than the traditional treadmill and can be easily folded and stored with the help of double folding design and smooth-rolling wheels.(Walking Pad A1走步机为你提供一种全新的运动体验方式，它比传统跑步机节省90%的空间，借助双折叠设计和顺滑滚轮可轻松折叠收纳。)”可知，该走步机小巧灵活，节省空间，故适配小户型公寓是该走步机的卖点。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Item Specifics (商品详细参数)”及“Product Description(产品说明)”的详细介绍可知，文章包含完整产品规格参数、产品卖点宣传文案，用于向消费者介绍商品，符合线上商品广告特征，应出自网站广告。 （C） The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has once again delivered a powerful scholarly punch, as groundbreaking new research has provided clear evidence that studying the works of Shakespeare can indeed bring significant benefits to children’s literacy skills and emotional development. But only if you act him out. A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy. “The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which commissioned the study, said. The randomized control trial involved hundreds of year-5 pupils — aged nine and ten — at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC teaching methods.” They were split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as Ferdinand following the shipwreck in The Tempest. The target group were given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage. The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary, used words “classed as more sophisticated or rarer”, and wrote at greater length. They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role… while control pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, target children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion”. The Time to Act study, which is published by the RSC this week, also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island cliches”, such as palm trees, target pupils were “more expansive, giving a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions”. O’Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the target children’s writing” and that they were “more resilient in their writing, more hopeful”. She added: “The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the rehearsal room process where you are used to trying to imagine your way through. They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you do in drama is put yourself in different shoes.” The study showed the importance of embedding arts in education, she said. But could the results be replicated with any old dramatist? O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children’s lives”, which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”. 63. The “rehearsal room” approach requires pupils to ________. A. rewrite the lines from Shakespeare B. watch RSC actors’ performances C. play the roles in Shakespeare D. study drama under RSC artists 64. The study divided the pupils into two groups to find whether ________. A. the change in instruction enhances learning outcomes B. expanding vocabulary helps develop reading fluency C. emotion affects understanding of sophisticated works D. the classroom activity stimulates interest in the arts 65. According to O’Hanlon, what can promote children’s emotional literacy? A. Writing in an imaginative manner. B. Identifying with literary characters. C. Drawing inspiration from nature. D. Concentrating on real-life situations. 66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________. A. the new teaching method may work best with Shakespeare B. the language of Shakespeare may be challenging for pupils C. other old dramatists may be included in primary education D. pupils may be reluctant to work on other old dramatists 【答案】63. C 64. A 65. B 66. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现通过“排练室”方法教授莎士比亚作品能显著提升儿童的词汇量、写作复杂性和情感素养。 【63题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段‌“But only if you act him out.(但前提是演绎他的作品)”、第二段中“A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy. (一项研究发现，采用“排练室”方法教授莎士比亚能拓宽儿童的词汇量、写作复杂性以及情感素养)”以及第三段中“The target group were given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage. (目标组被安排了一个30分钟的基于戏剧的活动来配合这段文字)”可推知，“排练室”方法要求学生演绎莎士比亚的作品，扮演其中的角色。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“They were split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as Ferdinand following the shipwreck in The Tempest. The target group were given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage. (他们被分成目标组和对照组，并被要求写作，例如，以《暴风雨》中海难后的费迪南德的身份写一封瓶中信。目标组被安排了一个30分钟的基于戏剧的活动来配合这段文字)”和第四段中 “The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary, used words “classed as more sophisticated or rarer”, and wrote at greater length.(经过同行评审的实验结果显示，目标组学生运用的词汇范围更广，会使用“更复杂、更罕见的词汇”，写作篇幅也更长)可知，该实验是为了探究教学方式的改变是否能提升学习效果。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中O’Hanlon的话“The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the rehearsal room process where you are used to trying to imagine your way through. They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you do in drama is put yourself in different shoes. (情感理解非常明显，这可能与排练室过程有关，在这个过程中你习惯于尝试想象自己的经历。他们很擅长描述不同的情感状态，而戏剧的一部分就是设身处地为他人着想)”可知，O’Hanlon认为与文学角色产生共鸣可以促进儿童的情感素养。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children’s lives”, which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”. (O’Hanlon表示需要更多的研究，但她指出莎士比亚使用了20000个词汇，而日常用语仅2000个，这“极大地将语言拓展到儿童的生活中”，再加上孩子们“用整个身体让文字活起来”)”可推知，新的教学方法可能最适合用莎士比亚的作品，因为这些作品能极大地将语言拓展到儿童的生活中。 （D） Rapid brain growth during the first year of life is connected with an unusual feature of newborn human infants: their striking plumpness. In an average human newborn weighing some seven and a half pounds, fat tissue accounts for over a pound, around 14 percent of body weight. Our babies are among the plumpest found among mammals. Human babies at birth look markedly different from the skinny newborns of other primates, such as chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys. The proportion of fat tissue in a new born human matches that in mammals living under arctic conditions and actually exceeds the level found in baby seals. As anthropologist Christopher Kuzawa has shown, a newborn human has about four times as much fat as expected for a standard newborn mammal of the same body size. In fact, the proportion of body fat in a human baby increases further over the first nine months after birth, building up to about a quarter of body weight. During that period, around 70 percent of the energy allocated to growth is used to deposit fat. In short, healthy babies do not lose their baby fat after birth but consolidate it and maintain it for up to three years. A mother’s investment in building up her infant’s fat reserves continues long after birth, largely thanks to nursing. A standard explanation for our plump babies has been that natural selection favored an increase in body fat to offset the loss of insulating body hair. It is known that the optimal temperature for a human infant kept in an incubator is about 90°F, so cooling could be a problem. Baby fat is distinctively distributed, being mainly located just beneath the skin. In contrast to adult fat stores, there is relatively little fat in the belly cavity. Anthropologist Boguslaw Pawlowski supported this view, arguing that various features of the human newborn evolved in early humans to counter excessive cooling during nights spent sleeping in open savannah. Those features include relatively large size as well as a greater proportion of subcutaneous fat (皮下脂肪). However, Kuzawa’s studies yielded only weak evidence for the role of subcutaneous fat proposed by Pawlowski. Kuzawa went on to explore a more likely explanation for our exceptionally plump babies: increased fat reserves as a crucial energy buffer. This would be particularly advantageous during the period of rapid brain growth in the first year of life. It could offset any disruption in the flow of resources to the growing infant. Going a step further, a 2003 paper by two nutritionists, Stephen Cunnane and Michael Crawford, argued that plump babies are the key to the evolution of the large human brain, and not only because of energy supply. About half the brain consists of fat, and a baby’s fat reserves contain special fats — long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) — that are essential for normal brain development. Calculations indicate that LCPUFAs present in baby fat at birth should be enough to fuel three months of brain growth. Deposition of fat in the human fetus takes place only during the last third of pregnancy; almost no fat is present during the first six months. As a result, fat reserves are well below normal in premature babies. A baby born five weeks early has only half the usual amount of fat, and a baby born ten weeks early has less than a sixth. Insufficient fat deposits mean that preemies (早产儿) are not well buffered for the rapid brain growth that takes place after birth. Although normal brain growth can nevertheless occur given adequate nutrition, it is vital to recognized the special needs of premature babies. Cunnane aptly describes stored fat in the newborn human as “insurance.” 67. The underlined word “standard” most nearly means ________. A. definitive B. accepted C. uniform D. technical 68. The author suggests that Kuzawa rejected Pawlowski’s hypothesis about human baby fat because Kuzawa ________. A. believed that Pawlowski had not studied a large enough number of subjects B. determined that Pawlowski had misrepresented data C. considered the data on which Pawlowski based his hypothesis outdated D. found insufficient support for Pawlowski’s conclusion 69. The description of Cunnane and Crawford’s work serves mainly to ________. A. suggest that earlier hypotheses about fat reserves are incomplete B. further support Kuzawa’s hypothesis about the effect of fat reserves on brain growth C. raise additional questions about the function of fatty acids found in babies D. resolve conflicting theories about the role of fat reserves in premature newborns 70. According to the figure, the differences in the fat percentage of body weight between males and females are ________. A. smaller after an increase in females’ growth rate around 10 months of age B. exactly the same during the period from birth to 60 months C. initially very slight but become greater after about 5 months of age D. consistent with body length differences between males and females up to age 60 months 71. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. provide data to challenge a hypothesis about human growth B. evaluate the validity of research findings regarding early brain development C. examine research comparing traits of human newborns to traits of other newborn mammals D. explore new hypotheses about the importance of fat in human infants 【答案】67. B 68. D 69. B 70. C 71. D 【解析】 【导语】文章探讨了人类新生儿脂肪含量高的原因，分析了传统解释(保暖)的不足，并引出了新的研究假设——婴儿脂肪作为大脑快速发育的能量储备和必需脂肪酸来源。 【67题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“A standard explanation for our plump babies has been that natural selection favored an increase in body fat to offset the loss of insulating body hair. (对我们胖乎乎的婴儿的一个“standard”的解释是，自然选择倾向于增加体脂以抵消保温体毛的损失。)”可知，“standard”在此处指“被广泛接受、常见的”解释。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, Kuzawa’s studies yielded only weak evidence for the role of subcutaneous fat proposed by Pawlowski. (然而，对于Pawlowski提出的皮下脂肪的作用，Kuzawa的研究只得到了微弱的证据。)”可知，Kuzawa认为Pawlowski的结论缺乏足够支持。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Kuzawa went on to explore a more likely explanation for our exceptionally plump babies: increased fat reserves as a crucial energy buffer. This would be particularly advantageous during the period of rapid brain growth in the first year of life. Going a step further, a 2003 paper by two nutritionists, Stephen Cunnane and Michael Crawford, argued that plump babies are the key to the evolution of the large human brain, and not only because of energy supply. (Kuzawa继续探索了婴儿脂肪格外丰厚的一个更可能的解释：增加脂肪储备作为关键的能量缓冲。这在婴儿出生后第一年大脑快速发育的时期尤为有利。两位营养学家Stephen Cunnane和Michael Crawford在2003年的一篇论文中更进一步，他们认为胖乎乎的婴儿是人类大脑进化的关键，而不仅仅是因为能量供应。)”可知，作者描述Cunnane和Crawford的工作，是为了在Kuzawa“能量缓冲”假说的基础上，进一步支持并深化脂肪储备对大脑生长的影响。 【70题详解】 推理判断题。根据图表“Percentage of Body Weight Composed of Fat in Humans (人类体脂占体重百分比)”，实线代表女性，虚线代表男性，出生0个月时两条曲线几乎重合，体脂差异极小；5个月后两条曲线间距持续拉大，男女体脂差距逐渐变大。 【71题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，文章开篇介绍人类婴儿体脂率远高于其他哺乳动物的特征，第三段介绍了解释该现象的传统保暖假说，第四段转折否定传统假说，重点介绍了Kuzawa的脂肪能量缓冲假说，并补充两位营养学家的脂肪供给大脑发育假说，全文层层递进，围绕人类婴儿脂肪的重要意义，探究全新的科学假说。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Active Rest, Better Health Resting postures such as squatting (蹲) or kneeling may be better for health because they require more muscle activity than sitting on a chair, researchers claim. The findings are based on data gathered from a hunter-gatherer population in Tanzania. ____72____ Anthropologists (人类学家) from the US found that the Hadza people were sedentary (久坐) for almost 10 hours each day, equivalent to clocking a shift in the office at the desk. ____73____They believe this is down to the “active rest postures” used by the tribe. Dr. David Raichlen, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Southern California’s Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences said: “Even though there were long periods of inactivity, one of the key differences we noticed is that the Hadza are often resting in postures that require their muscles to maintain light levels of activity — either in a squat or kneeling.” Prolonged sitting has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. But this contradicts the evolutionary aspect which favors strategies that conserve energy. Brian Wood, an anthropologist at the University of California, and one of the study authors, said: “____74____ But when environments change, these preferences lead to less optimal outcomes.” To find out more, the researchers looked at the data from 28 Hadza adults who wore devices, known as accelerometers (加速度感应器), for eight days and compared it with the information gathered from previous studies that measured inactivity in modern working populations. ____75____ Despite that, the Hadza people did not show any signs of the health conditions associated with a sedentary lifestyle. A. However, they appeared to lack the markers of chronic diseases associated with long rest. B. Test subjects had strong physical activity for just an hour a day with several hours of inactivity. C. Environmental factors play a critical role in species’ evolution, externally or internally. D. They wore devices that measured physical activity as well as periods of rest. E. Surprisingly, they found the result was contrary to the assumption of active rest posture. F. Preferences that conserve energy have been key to our species’ evolutionary success. 【答案】72. D 73. A 74. F 75. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国人类学家基于坦桑尼亚哈扎狩猎采集部落的研究发现——采用蹲姿、跪姿等“主动休息姿势”进行休息，即便每日久坐时长达10小时，也可降低久坐带来的慢性健康风险，为现代人的健康久坐方式提供了新的进化视角与启示。 【72题详解】 由上文“The findings are based on data gathered from a hunter-gatherer population in Tanzania.(研究结果基于从坦桑尼亚一个狩猎采集族群收集的数据)”以及下文“Anthropologists from the US found that the Hadza people were sedentary for almost 10 hours each day, equivalent to clocking a shift in the office at the desk.(美国人类学家发现，哈扎人每天久坐近10小时，相当于在办公室伏案工作一整天)”可知，上文点明研究的数据来源，下文给出具体研究发现，本空应衔接说明数据的采集方式，实现从研究背景到核心发现的自然过渡。D项“They wore devices that measured physical activity as well as periods of rest.(他们佩戴着测量体力活动与休息时长的设备)”承接上文的数据来源，概括说明数据的获取方式，自然引出下文的研究发现，符合题意。 【73题详解】 由上文“Anthropologists from the US found that the Hadza people were sedentary for almost 10 hours each day, equivalent to clocking a shift in the office at the desk.(美国人类学家发现，哈扎人每天久坐近10小时，相当于在办公室伏案工作一整天)”以及下文“They believe this is down to the “active rest postures” used by the tribe.(他们认为这归因于该部落所采用的“主动休息姿势”)”可知，上文指出该族群久坐时长久，下文解释背后的原因，本空应点明“久坐却无健康问题”的反常现象，作为后文原因解释的对象。A项“However, they appeared to lack the markers of chronic diseases associated with long rest.(然而，他们身上并未出现与长期久坐相关的慢性病标志物)”与上文的久坐时长形成转折，句中所述的反常现象可被下文的this精准指代，作为原因解释的核心对象，符合题意。 【74题详解】 由上文“But this contradicts the evolutionary aspect which favors strategies that conserve energy.(但这与进化层面偏好保存能量的策略相矛盾)”以及下文“But when environments change, these preferences lead to less optimal outcomes.(但当环境发生变化时，这些偏好会带来不甚理想的结果)”可知，上下文围绕进化中的能量保存偏好展开，先引出进化策略的话题，再说明该策略在新环境下的负面效应，本空应先说明能量保存偏好的进化价值，与下文形成语义上的转折衔接。F项“Preferences that conserve energy have been key to our species’ evolutionary success.(保存能量的偏好是我们物种进化成功的关键)”承接上文的进化话题，点明该偏好的正向进化意义，与下文环境变化后的负面结果形成对应，符合题意。 【75题详解】 由上文“compared it with the information gathered from previous studies that measured inactivity in modern working populations(将其与此前衡量现代职场人群不活动状态的研究数据进行对比)”以及下文“Despite that, the Hadza people did not show any signs of the health conditions associated with a sedentary lifestyle.(尽管如此，哈扎人并未出现任何与久坐生活方式相关的健康问题迹象)”可知，上文点明研究将哈扎人群数据与现代职场人群进行对比，下文以“Despite that”转折引出哈扎人无久坐相关健康问题的结论，本空应承接上文的对比研究，具体说明哈扎人活动量少、久坐时长久的特征，作为下文转折的事实前提。B项“Test subjects had strong physical activity for just an hour a day with several hours of inactivity.(受试者每天仅进行一小时的高强度体力活动，并有数小时处于不活动状态)”承接上文的研究数据对比，明确呈现哈扎人的活动与久坐特征，为下文“Despite that”的转折结论提供事实铺垫，符合题意。 III. Summary 76. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Risk of a Digital Dark Age Imagine it’s 2040, and someone discovers floppy disks and VHS tapes labeled “Records and early videos of Bill Gates [1975-1985].” At first, this seems exciting, but frustration soon follows — recovering the information is nearly impossible. Even if the media are in good condition, finding a device to read them is a challenge. While digital technology allows us to store vast amounts of information, how long will our access last? Unlike physical disks and tapes, online data can disappear instantly. This concern led experts in the early 21st century to warn about a “digital dark age”, where future generations might lose access to today’s digital records. If current practices continue, much of our digital history could become inaccessible. Vint Cerf, one of the founding fathers of the internet, argues that this could happen if we don’t act quickly. The real concern isn’t just the durability of records but the lack of technology to access them. For example, CD players and old operating systems may become out of date, making even preserved data unreadable. The problem is particularly challenging with interactive apps and websites. While letters from centuries ago are still readable, will we be able to access a Weibo feed or a WeChat exchange a hundred years from now? This issue has led Mahadev Satyanarayanan of Carnegie Mellon University to take action. He has developed a system that stores everything needed to interpret a record — the record itself, the original operating system, and the application it used — in the cloud. This ensures that digital records remain accessible, even as technology changes. Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan stress the need for intentional preservation. Unlike physical records that can be stored indefinitely, digital information requires active decisions on what to save and how to store it. While major historical records may survive, everyday digital traces of our lives are at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Experts warn of a “digital dark age”, where future generations may lose access to today’s records due to a lack of reading technology. To address this, a cloud system storing records along with their operating tools has been developed, ensuring accessibility despite technological change. However, only major records may survive, while everyday digital traces risk being lost. 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了数字数据因技术过时可能无法读取，引发“数字黑暗时代”的担忧，专家提出云端保存方案，但日常数据仍易丢失。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① This concern led experts in the early 21st century to warn about a “digital dark age”, where future generations might lose access to today‘s digital records. ② The real concern isn’t just the durability of records but the lack of technology to access them. ③ He has developed a system that stores everything needed to interpret a record — the record itself, the original operating system, and the application it used — in the cloud. ④ This ensures that digital records remain accessible, even as technology changes. ⑤ While major historical records may survive, everyday digital traces of our lives are at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. 2. 缜密构思 将①②整合为问题，③为对策，④⑤为结果与局限。 3. 遣词造句 Experts warn of a “digital dark age”, where future generations may lose access to today’s records due to a lack of reading technology. To address this, a cloud system storing records along with their operating tools has been developed, ensuring accessibility despite technological change.  However, only major records may survive, while everyday digital traces risk being lost. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Experts warn of a “digital dark age”, where future generations may lose access to today’s records due to a lack of reading technology. (使用了where引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】To address this, a cloud system storing records along with their operating tools has been developed, ensuring accessibility despite technological change. (使用了不定式“To address this”作目的状语，现在分词“storing records along with their operating tools”作后置定语以及现在分词“ensuring accessibility despite technological change”作结果状语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 77. 随着社会的发展，英语通过创造新词和赋予旧词新义的方式与时俱进。(evolve) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the development of society, English evolves with the times by creating new words and giving new meanings to old ones. 【解析】 【详解】“随着社会的发展”是伴随状语，可译为介词短语With the development of society；“英语与时俱进”是主句，主语“英语”译为English，“与时俱进”用动词短语evolve with the times，描述客观事实，谓语动词evolve用一般现在时态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式evolves；“通过创造新词和赋予旧词新义的方式”是方式状语，译为介词短语by creating new words and giving new meanings to old ones。 78. 毫不奇怪，这位能以喜剧和悲剧形式讲述伟大故事的作家树立了所有其他作家都渴望达到的标准。(surprise n.) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is no surprise that the writer, who can tell great stories in the form of both comedy and tragedy, has set a standard that all other writers desire to reach. 【解析】 【详解】表示“毫不奇怪”用固定句型It is no surprise that...；表示“这位作家树立了标准”用the writer has set a standard，其中standard是名词作宾语，意为“标准”，强调过去动作的影响，用现在完成时has set；表示“能以喜剧和悲剧形式讲述伟大故事的”用非限制性定语从句who can tell great stories in the form of both comedy and tragedy，修饰先行词writer，其中in the form of是固定短语，意为“以……形式”，comedy是名词作宾语，意为“喜剧”，tragedy是名词作宾语，意为“悲剧”；表示“所有其他作家都渴望达到的”用定语从句that all other writers desire to reach，修饰先行词standard，其中desire to do sth.是固定短语，意为“渴望做某事”。 79. 无论何时使用网络地图或电子支付，我们就会做诸如小程序点餐、线上订票、导航出行等事情，这些事情对我们祖先来说是闻所未闻的。(Whenever) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whenever we use online maps or e-payments, we do things such as ordering food via mini-programs, booking tickets online, traveling with navigation and so on, which were unheard of for our ancestors. 【解析】 【详解】“无论何时使用网络地图或电子支付”是时间状语，可用连词whenever引导时间状语从句，补充主语we，谓语“使用”用动词use，描述习惯性行为，用一般现在时态，宾语“网络地图或电子支付”译为online maps or e-payments；“我们就会做诸如小程序点餐、线上订票、导航出行等事情”是主句，主语“我们”译为we，谓语“做”译为do，描述习惯性行为，用一般现在时态，宾语“事情”译为things，后用such as列举具体事项，“小程序点餐”译为ordering food via mini-programs，“线上订票”译为booking tickets online，“导航出行”译为traveling with navigation，“等”用and so on表示；“这些事情对我们祖先来说是闻所未闻的”可处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，用关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语，“闻所未闻”可译为be unheard of，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态were unheard of，宾语“对我们祖先来说”译为for our ancestors。 80. 简·奥斯汀的小说经久不衰，其中就有《傲慢与偏见》这个关于爱、偏见及反抗社会旧习的故事，被翻译成至少40种语言，在全球各地以舞台剧的形式上演。(which；同位语) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Jane Austen’s novels are enduring, among which is Pride and Prejudice, a story of love, prejudice, and rebellion against old social conventions, which has been translated into at least 40 languages and performed on stage around the world. 【解析】 【详解】表示“简・奥斯汀的小说经久不衰”用Jane Austen’s novels are enduring，其中enduring是形容词作表语，意为“持久的”；其中就有《傲慢与偏见》这个故事用among which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Jane Austen’s novels，among which表示“在这些小说之中”；用同位语结构a story of love, prejudice, and rebellion against old social conventions补充说明《傲慢与偏见》的内容，其中prejudice是名词作宾语，意为“偏见”，rebellion是名词作宾语，意为“反抗”，social conventions是固定短语，意为“社会习俗”；表示“被翻译成至少40种语言”用非限制性定语从句which has been translated into at least 40 languages，修饰先行词story，强调动作的影响，用现在完成时has been translated；表示“在全球各地以舞台剧的形式上演”用并列谓语and performed on stage around the world，其中省略了has been，on stage是固定短语，意为“在舞台上”。 V. Guided Writing 81. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划在图书馆内新购一批图书，特向全校师生征集意见，给图书馆写一封邮件，内容须包括： 1．你推荐图书馆新购何书； 2．简要描述该书的内容； 3．你推荐该书的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Librarians, I’m Li Ming, a Grade Two student from Mingqi High School. Hearing that our school library plans to purchase new books and collect suggestions from teachers and students, I’m writing to recommend The Little Prince. This book tells a warm story about a little prince traveling across different planets. During his journey, he meets various strange adults and finally lands on Earth, where he makes friends with a pilot and learns the true meaning of love and responsibility from his rose. I strongly recommend it for two reasons. First, its simple but profound language helps us improve our English reading skills easily. Besides, it teaches teenagers to cherish the people around them and keep a pure heart, which brings us valuable spiritual inspiration. I believe it will be popular among students. Thank you for taking my advice into consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高二学生李明的身份，给图书馆写一封邮件，推荐一本适合图书馆采购的书籍，介绍书籍内容并说明推荐理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 各种各样的：various → a variety of 深刻的：profound → insightful 宝贵的：valuable → precious 考虑：take...into consideration → take...into account 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I believe it will be popular among students. 拓展句：I am convinced that it will gain great popularity among students. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Hearing that our school library plans to purchase new books and collect suggestions from teachers and students, I’m writing to recommend The Little Prince. (运用现在分词Hearing作状语及that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型 2】During his journey, he meets various strange adults and finally lands on Earth, where he makes friends with a pilot and learns the true meaning of love and responsibility from his rose. (运用where引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $