上海市曹杨第二中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高二年级期终考试英语试卷

上海市曹杨二中 2025 学年度第二学期 高二年级期终考试英语试卷 命题人：________ 校对人：________ 审核人： 试卷共 15 页 4 张 考生注意： 1、答卷前，考生务必将姓名、班级、学号等在指定位置填写清楚。 2、本试卷共有 81 道试题，满分 115 分，考试时间 105 分钟。请考生用黑色水笔或钢笔将答案直接写在答题卷上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The research station was built in a lonely and remote zone, around _______ towering snow-capped mountains with extremely few plants or wild grasses growing on them. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 2. It doesn’t make much difference _______ you learn Tai Chi at a fast pace or not. _______ matters is that you cultivate inner peace and grasp its philosophy of harmony and softness, overcoming hardness through persistent practice. A. that; What B. if; That C. whether; What D. which; It 3. If China hadn’t made continuous efforts to develop new energy sources and promoted green transformation so vigorously, the heavy pressure brought about by the global energy crisis _______ relieved so effectively. A. couldn’t have been B. mustn’t have been C. needn’t have been D. shouldn’t have been 4. Recent research shows that as many as 25% of employees face work-related stress at some point in their careers, with frontline workers _______ more than office staff. A. affecting B. being affected C. affected D. having been affected 5. After _______ for clinical use in 2019, this medicine displayed the added benefit of protecting kidney function and soon became a preferred choice for patients _______ a more stable quality of life. A. approving; pursued B. being approved; pursuing C. having approved; pursuing D. approved; pursued 6. Shakespeare was known to us all _______ one of the most notable figures in Britain’s literary field and was committed to _______ the English language through his timeless works. A. for; enriching B. for; enrich C. as; enrich D. as; enriching 7. _______ into the telescope than the instrument was taken away from my hands, _______ me standing there in surprise. A. No sooner did I peer; left B. No sooner had I peered; leaving C. Hardy did I peer; leaving D. Hardy had I peered; left 8. With the efforts of promoting education and literacy campaigns, the number of illiterate people is dropping _______ it will not be much time _______ the small flames turn into a big fire. A. but; before B. and; before C. as; since D. for; since 9. _______ was the impact of global climate change on coastal regions _______ numerous low-lying cities faced the risk of being permanently flooded by rising sea levels. A. So; as B. So; that C. Such; as D. Such; that 10. _______ the idea of going on a strict diet to lose weight quickly is not new, _______ it fails is scientific, because many people wrongly believe cutting meals can effectively burn body fat. A. Though; where B. Although; that C. In spite of; where D. Despite; that Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. An Ancient Practice for Modern Health The spread of mindfulness has been little short of remarkable. 11 (Originate) in Buddhist practices that date back over 2,000 years, it was relatively unknown in the West until just a few years ago and practised only by a handful of enthusiasts. Recently, however, it has emerged as a multi-billion-dollar industry and enjoys wide acceptance among celebrities, business leaders, doctors, and parents alike. So what exactly is mindfulness and how is it supposed to work? Well, in essence, it’s a meditation therapy designed to train people to focus fully on inner processes 12 (occur) in the here and now. Evidence is slowly mounting of its potential to solve a range of health problems 13 traditional approaches often fall short. For instance, it’s been claimed that it can break the cycle of depression and anxiety. People suffering from depression often find their negative moods 14 (couple) with negative thoughts. While these thoughts usually disappear once the episode has passed or once medication has been prescribed, an association between the various symptoms 15 (not establish) in the brain. As a result, a mood change caused by something unimportant such as bad weather can cause the symptoms, leading to a re-occurrence of depression. The more this happens, the more likely it is to re-occur, making the problem more resistant to drug treatment. Mindfulness-based therapies help people break this negative cycle by helping them recognize 16 their negative thought patterns are and direct their attention to the present rather than the past or future. This can also bring about physical benefits: the heart beats slower, muscles loosen and even brain structure may possibly be altered. Mindfulness is believed to stimulate new neural connections and studies have shown that the areas of the brain associated with the regulation of emotions are bigger in people 17 daily routines include frequent meditation. The spread of mindfulness shows the interest many Western health professionals take in Eastern practices. 18 western medicine, during the 20th century, life expectancy doubled in developed countries and many infectious diseases disappeared. However, while death may have been delayed, many are now living longer not in health but in sickness. Western medical practice is often 19 (effective) at dealing with long-term illness and general well-being. 20 you are in terrible pain or have something life threatening, Western doctors often have little to offer. Indeed, many dismiss patients with low-level complaints as “the worried well”. Eastern medicine such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), on the other hand, is more focused on maintaining good health. TCM is underpinned by a philosophy that stresses harmony between mind, body and the environment. It aims to “rebalance” patients and unblock natural energy flows called “chi”, and is apparently more successful in relieving more minor conditions such as eczema, back pain and migraines. Section C Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. （A） A. evolutionary B. channel C. perceptive D. superiority E. universal F. knit G. extension H. formative I. chill out J. in vain K. deprived of 21. In order to minimize casualties. and ensure full control of the battlefield, the attacking side will need a decisive three-to-one _______ in armed forces to be completely sure of a successful attack. 22. Though the towering mountain twists and curves steeply as it rises through thick ancient forests and jagged rocky slopes, it steadily maintains a clear and unwavering direction of _______ toward the majestic, snow-capped peak piercing through the clouds. 23. Such problems as declining physical mobility, weakened immunity, and chronic illnesses are a(n) _______ feature of old age, a common reality faced by the growing number of elderly people in China, whether they live in cities with comprehensive care or in rural communities. 24. Attraction to physical symmetry, apparent health, and signs of youth is essentially a(n) _______ adaption formed over long-term natural selection, rather than a fictional concept merely created and promoted by commercial consumerism and modern media. 25. The most common form of stroke occurs when part of the brain is rapidly _______ vital oxygen and nutrients after a blood vessel is suddenly clogged by a blood clot, leading to the damage or death of brain cells within minutes. 26. As someone who had worked in interpersonal communication for years, she was great at reading other people’s hidden thoughts, yet she was surprisingly not so _______ when it came to her own feelings. 27. Although he often got into fights and acted out aggressively due to his troubled upbringing, he has gradually learnt to _______ that intense physical violence into powerful creative energy, turning his inner anger into art and writing. 28. Although the local fire and police forces had carried out an extensive, 10-hour overnight search in the remote mountains, fortunately, the risky rescue did not end _______ — all seven trapped hikers were safely found and brought down. 29. At Innovate Solutions, we are very fortunate to have a group of staff who _______, together closely as a unified team, support each other through challenges, and consistently excel in everything they do with dedication and skill. 30. I believe our likes and dislikes are deeply imprinted in our minds from early childhood, probably shaped and passed on unconsciously through our _______ daily experiences and emotional interactions with our parents. （B） A. erosion B. justifications C. materialized D. nature E. generational F. capacity G. confined H. reversed I. structural J. unrecognizable K. translated The Myth of Linguistic Decline Linguistic decline is the cultural equivalent of the boy who cried wolf, except the wolf never turns up. Perhaps this is why, even though the idea that language is going to the dogs is widespread, nothing much has been done to address it: it’s a powerful intuition, but the evidence of its effects has simply never 31 : That is because it is unscientific nonsense. There is no such thing as linguistic decline, so far as the expressive 32 of the spoken or written word is concerned. We need not fear a breakdown in communication. Our language will always be as flexible and sophisticated as it has been up to now. Those who warn about the deterioration of English haven’t learned about the history of the language, and don’t understand the 33 of their own complaints — which are simply statements of preference for the way of doing things they have become used to. The 34 of language to the point that “ultimately, no doubt, we shall communicate with a series of grunts” (as some would say) will not, cannot, happen. The clearest evidence for this is that warnings about the deterioration of English have been around for a very long time. Many famous writers, across a span of hundreds of years, had moaned about the decline of language standards. Yet the period also encompasses some of the greatest works of English literature. And deep concerns over linguistic standards are not 35 to English only. The fate of every language in the world has been mourned by its native speakers at one point or another. The hard truth is that English, like all other languages, is constantly evolving. It is the speed of the change, within our own short lives, that creates the illusion of decline. Because change is often 36 , older speakers recognize that the norms they grew up with are falling away, replaced with new ones they are not as comfortable using. This cognitive difficulty doesn’t feel good: and the bad feelings are 37 into criticism and complaint. We tend to find intellectual 38 for our personal preferences, whatever their motivation. If we lived for hundreds of years, we would be able to see the bigger picture. Because when you zoom out, you can appreciate that language change is not just a question of slovenliness (邋遢): it happens at every level, from the superficial to the 39 . Any given language is significantly reconfigured (重新配置) over the centuries, to the extent that it becomes totally 40 . But, as with complex systems in the natural world, there is often a kind of homeostasis: simplification in one area can lead to greater complexity in another. What stays the same is the communicative power of the language. You can always say what needs to be said. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As the British Veterinary Association president, Dr. Justine Shotton, tells me: “Under the UK’s animal welfare act, pet owners have a duty of care towards their pet to ensure that its five welfare needs, including an appropriate diet, are met. Owners could be prosecuted for causing suffering to their pet through 41 diet, so it is important to talk to a vet first.” So can our pets safely become vegetarians or vegans? For dogs it’s relatively straightforward, 42 their complex feline (猫科) cousins (as is generally the case). Dogs are omnivores (杂食者), and as long as their diet is complete and balanced they can be vegetarians or even vegans. This does need to be 43 with care; you can’t just start to feed them pasta and tomato sauce with broccoli and carrots on the side. You need to do your research to ensure that their diet meets all of their 44 , including protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibre. The easiest and safest 45 is to buy a commercially manufactured complete vegetarian or vegan dog food that has gone through feeding trials. Such products are formulated by professional nutritionists, and are legally 46 to fulfil specific nutritional criteria. Cats are different: as obligate carnivores, it’s far more difficult for them to remain 47 without eating meat. Their anatomy — i.e. their teeth and digestive tracts — and metabolism have evolved to obtain 48 from small preys such as rodents and birds. While a cat’s physical anatomy can adapt (cats are able to consume, digest and absorb plant-based food), a cat’s energy-creating metabolic 49 cannot: felines need specific groups of nutrients that are commonly found only in meat. For starters, cats have a higher protein 50 , with an absolute need for two specific amino acids (the individual units that combine to form proteins). One of these, taurine, is only found naturally in meat but can be 51 manufactured from chemicals of non-meat origin. The other is arginine, which is common in meat but can also be found in specific plant sources. If it’s feeding a non-meat diet to a cat, careful supplementation of these two amino acids is 52 . Secondly, a cat’s diet must include arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid that is usually found only in animal tissue. A soil fungus can be used to 53 a vegan version of arachidonic acid, and this can be used to supplement commercial vegan cat food. They also have meat-linked vitamin needs, including a preformed version of vitamin A that only 54 naturally in meat, and also vitamin B12. Synthetic supplements of these nutrients are added to 55 vegan cat diets to stop them becoming seriously ill. 41. A. destructive B. ignorant C. cautious D. inadequate 42. A. compared with B. composed of C. appealed to D. depended on 43. A. underlain B. mistaken C. undertaken D. misidentified 44. A. faces B. needs C. costs D. deals 45. A. approach B. requirement C. exposure D. companion 46. A. adopted B. advanced C. obliged D. tempted 47. A. noticeable B. healthy C. economical D. industrious 48. A. addiction B. infection C. leisure D. nutrition 49. A. processes B. covers C. accesses D. benefits 50. A. contradiction B. equivalent C. requirement D. substitute 51. A. intellectually B. synthetically C. occasionally D. academically 52. A. apparent B. remarkable C. exhaustible D. essential 53. A. manufacture B. contrast C. reserve D. stream 54. A. emerges B. occurs C. exists D. originates 55. A. confidential B. commercial C. financial D. experimental Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Kate McDermott describes it as “the sizzle-whump.” It is the sound a pie makes when it is perfectly baked, said the author of Art of the Pie. The “sizzle” is the sound of hot butter cooking the flour in the crust, combining it into a crisp, golden lid, while the “whump” is the sound of the thickened filling bumping up against the top crust as it bubbles at a steady pace. “I call it the heartbeat of the pie,” she said. McDermott, 63, leads intensive baking seminars across the United States. Before she became a pie coach, she was a professional musician. “I experience the world primarily through sound,” she said. “I’ve been listening to pies ever since I started baking them.” Any experienced cook knows that there is much more to cooking than just taste. Learn to use all five senses in the kitchen, and you will become a better cook, especially if you sharpen those senses which are typically less associated with cooking: hearing and touch Cooks with visual impairment, who cannot see the golden brown of a pie crust or the shine of perfectly scrambled eggs, know this better than anyone. The cook and writer Christine Ha, 37, said that touch has become her primary guide in the kitchen since she began losing her sight soon after starting college. She started cooking with her late mother’s deep-fried spring rolls, dealing with them through touch and hearing as well as taste and smell. She tests the flexibility of the wrappers with her fingers, listens for the sound the bubbling oil makes when throwing in a bit of filling to test its heat, and taps the frying rolls with chopsticks to test whether the shells are crisp. In fact, many of the important signals in any kitchen have nothing to do with sight or taste: distinguishing the sound of a boil versus a simmer (煨), understanding the feel of a rare steak versus a medium-well one, biting into pasta as it cooks to catch the brief, perfect moment between chewy and soft. For most of human history, children would learn signals such as these simply by being near their family’s stove. But today, unless they spend a lot of time in a kitchen, their sensory cooking skills may be limited to listening for the moment when the microwave popcorn stops popping. These children often grow up to be cooks who focus on the reading and rereading of recipes, often at the expense of paying attention to the stove. However, recipes are apparently limited when it comes to sensory information. An instruction like “simmer over low heat for 30 minutes until thickened” can produce endlessly different results. The recipe has no idea what your stove considers “low” heat. It also does not know what your pan is made of or what “thickened” looks like to you. This is why the best cooks learn to work not just with their minds and their taste buds, but also with all of their senses. 56. According to the article, people tend to think that ________ are the most important senses for a cook to have. ① taste ② sight ③ touch ④ smell ⑤ hearing A. ①②③ B. ①③⑤ C. ①②④ D. ①②③④ 57. We can learn from the passage that both Kate McDermott and Christine Ha ________. A. are good at baking pies B. suffer from an eye disease C. started cooking at an early age D. rely more on their ears than eyes while cooking 58. According to the article, the main problem with today’s children is that they ________. A. don’t know how to cook at all B. make popcorn by following a recipe C. ignore the signals from the stove while cooking D. can’t tell the difference between “boil” and “simmer” 59. It is implied in the passage that recipes are of little use ________ A. for any experienced chef B. when it comes to cooking C. unless coupled with our own senses D. if we keep reading and rereading them （B） Item Specifics • Brand Name: Walking Pad • Fold: Yes • Heart Rate Test: Without • Application: Home Use Treadmill • Driving Power: Electric • Award: Won 2019 IF Design & Reddot Design Award • Applicable Place: Home / Office / Outdoor • Type of Exercise: Aerobic Exercise • Applicable Age: 12-60 Years Old • Display Type: LED Display with Status Indicators • Secondary Data Display: Cell Phone App Enabled • Walking Pad APP Versions: iOS and Android Systems Compatible • Remote Control Type: Radio Frequency Mini Remote Control with Wristband Lanyard • Battery Number in Remote Control: CR2032 • Walking Surface: 1200 * 415 mm • Speed Range: 0.5 — 6km/h • Gross Weight: 31 kg • Net Weight: 28 kg • User Capacity: 100 kg Weight Capacity • Power Input: 746W • Working Dimensions: 1432 * 547 *129mm • Folded Dimensions: 822*547*129mm Product Description Outstanding Selling Point of Walking Pad A1 Walking Pad A1 Walking Machine gives you another way to enjoy sports, it is 90% space-saving than the traditional treadmill and can be easily folded and stored with the help of double folding design and smooth-rolling wheels. [Worldwide Design field Oscar Awards] Walking Pad A1 is also called space walking machine, won the 2019 Red Dot Award and IF Award because of excellent outlook design, outstanding production details, smart foldable concept and intelligent operating experience. [Foldable Design] The Walking Pad can be folded in half. Through the 2 rollers at the bottom, it can be moved smoothly in the limited space under the desk, sofa or bed, etc. [Footstep Speed] By the high Precision pressure sensor in the walking treadmill, you can control the Walking Pad in high, medium or slow speed, through footstep on the front acceleration zone, middle (uniform speed) zone or tail (deceleration) zone. [Noise Free, Comfortable Fitness Experience] With the wear-resistant anti-slip walking belt, and the noise-reduction multi-layer structure, you can walk or jog comfortably at home or office, without disturbing families, neighbors, colleagues or even yourself. [Multiple Security Protection and Visualized Walking Data] With the child lock protection, overload protection, auto standby, and starter speed limit functions, you can rest assured to use this Walking Pad. By connecting with the Walking Pad APP or through the LED light on the dashboard, you can see the data for each walk, it quantifies and urges you to exercise. 60. ________ is likely to be the potential target for Walking Pad? A. Robb, who has recovered from an injury to resume the training B. Jane, who is looking for sports equipment with heart rate monitor C. Arya, a ten-year-old girl, who wants to lose weight for health reason D. Cersei, who is accustomed to running with a screen rested on the armrest 61. Which of the following is the selling point of Walking Pad? A. Three zones for noise reduction. B. Quantification of calories burned. C. Suitability for compact apartment. D. Anti-slip walking belt for barefoot runners. 62. Where can we probably find the passage? A. A scientific journal. B. An engineering paper. C. A fitness club brochure. D. A website advertisement. （C） The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has once again delivered a powerful scholarly punch, as groundbreaking new research has provided clear evidence that studying the works of Shakespeare can indeed bring significant benefits to children’s literacy skills and emotional development. But only if you act him out. A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy. “The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which commissioned the study, said. The randomized control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils — aged nine and ten — at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC teaching methods.” They were split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as Ferdinand following the shipwreck in The Tempest. The target group were given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage. The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary, used words “classed as more sophisticated or rarer”, and wrote at greater length. They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role… while control pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, target children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion”. The Time to Act study, which is published by the RSC this week, also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island cliches”, such as palm trees, target pupils were “more expansive, giving a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions”. O’Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the target children’s writing” and that they were “more resilient in their writing, more hopeful”. She added: “The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the rehearsal room process where you are used to trying to imagine your way through. They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you do in drama is put yourself in different shoes.” The study showed the importance of embedding arts in education, she said. But could the results be replicated with any old dramatist? O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children’s lives”, which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”. 63. The “rehearsal room” approach requires pupils to ________. A. rewrite the lines from Shakespeare B. watch RSC actors’ performances C. play the roles in Shakespeare D. study drama under RSC artists 64. The study divided the pupils into two groups to find whether ________. A. the change in instruction enhances learning outcomes B. expanding vocabulary helps develop reading fluency C. emotion affects understanding of sophisticated works D. the classroom activity stimulates interest in the arts 65. According to O’Hanlon, what can promote children’s emotional literacy? A. Writing in an imaginative manner. B. Identifying with literary characters. C. Drawing inspiration from nature. D. Concentrating on real-life situations. 66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________. A. the new teaching method may work best with Shakespeare B. the language of Shakespeare may be challenging for pupils C. other old dramatists may be included in primary education D. pupils may be reluctant to work on other old dramatists （D） Rapid brain growth during the first year of life is connected with an unusual feature of newborn human infants: their striking plumpness. In an average human newborn weighing some seven and a half pounds, fat tissue accounts for over a pound, around 14 percent of body weight. Our babies are among the plumpest found among mammals. Human babies at birth look markedly different from the skinny newborns of other primates, such as chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys. The proportion of fat tissue in a new born human matches that in mammals living under arctic conditions and actually exceeds the level found in baby seals. As anthropologist Christopher Kuzawa has shown, a newborn human has about four times as much fat as expected for a standard newborn mammal of the same body size. In fact, the proportion of body fat in a human baby increases further over the first nine months after birth, building up to about a quarter of body weight. During that period, around 70 percent of the energy allocated to growth is used to deposit fat. In short, healthy babies do not lose their baby fat after birth but consolidate it and maintain it for up to three years. A mother’s investment in building up her infant’s fat reserves continues long after birth, largely thanks to nursing. A standard explanation for our plump babies has been that natural selection favored an increase in body fat to offset the loss of insulating body hair. It is known that the optimal temperature for a human infant kept in an incubator is about 90°F, so cooling could be a problem. Baby fat is distinctively distributed, being mainly located just beneath the skin. In contrast to adult fat stores, there is relatively little fat in the belly cavity. Anthropologist Boguslaw Pawlowski supported this view, arguing that various features of the human newborn evolved in early humans to counter excessive cooling during nights spent sleeping in open savannah. Those features include relatively large size as well as a greater proportion of subcutaneous fat (皮下脂肪). However, Kuzawa’s studies yielded only weak evidence for the role of subcutaneous fat proposed by Pawlowski. Kuzawa went on to explore a more likely explanation for our exceptionally plump babies: increased fat reserves as a crucial energy buffer. This would be particularly advantageous during the period of rapid brain growth in the first year of life. It could offset any disruption in the flow of resources to the growing infant. Going a step further, a 2003 paper by two nutritionists, Stephen Cunnane and Michael Crawford, argued that plump babies are the key to the evolution of the large human brain, and not only because of energy supply. About half the brain consists of fat, and a baby’s fat reserves contain special fats — long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) — that are essential for normal brain development. Calculations indicate that LCPUFAs present in baby fat at birth should be enough to fuel three months of brain growth. Deposition of fat in the human fetus takes place only during the last third of pregnancy; almost no fat is present during the first six months. As a result, fat reserves are well below normal in premature babies. A baby born five weeks early has only half the usual amount of fat, and a baby born ten weeks early has less than a sixth. Insufficient fat deposits mean that preemies (早产儿) are not well buffered for the rapid brain growth that takes place after birth. Although normal brain growth can nevertheless occur given adequate nutrition, it is vital to recognized the special needs of premature babies. Cunnane aptly describes stored fat in the newborn human as “insurance.” 67. The underlined word “standard” most nearly means ________. A. definitive B. accepted C. uniform D. technical 68. The author suggests that Kuzawa rejected Pawlowski’s hypothesis about human baby fat because Kuzawa ________. A. believed that Pawlowski had not studied a large enough number of subjects B. determined that Pawlowski had misrepresented data C. considered the data on which Pawlowski based his hypothesis outdated D. found insufficient support for Pawlowski’s conclusion 69. The description of Cunnane and Crawford’s work serves mainly to ________. A. suggest that earlier hypotheses about fat reserves are incomplete B. further support Kuzawa’s hypothesis about the effect of fat reserves on brain growth C. raise additional questions about the function of fatty acids found in babies D. resolve conflicting theories about the role of fat reserves in premature newborns 70. According to the figure, the differences in the fat percentage of body weight between males and females are ________. A. smaller after an increase in females’ growth rate around 10 months of age B. exactly the same during the period from birth to 60 months C. initially very slight but become greater after about 5 months of age D. consistent with body length differences between males and females up to age 60 months 71. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. provide data to challenge a hypothesis about human growth B. evaluate the validity of research findings regarding early brain development C. examine research comparing traits of human newborns to traits of other newborn mammals D. explore new hypotheses about the importance of fat in human infants Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. However, they appeared to lack the markers of chronic diseases associated with long rest. B. Test subjects had strong physical activity for just an hour a day with several hours of inactivity. C. Environmental factors play a critical role in species’ evolution, externally or internally. D. They wore devices that measured physical activity as well as periods of rest. E. Surprisingly, they found the result was contrary to the assumption of active rest posture. F. Preferences that conserve energy have been key to our species’ evolutionary success. Active Rest, Better Health Resting postures such as squatting (蹲) or kneeling may be better for health because they require more muscle activity than sitting on a chair, researchers claim. The findings are based on data gathered from a hunter-gatherer population in Tanzania. 72 Anthropologists (人类学家) from the US found that the Hadza people were sedentary (久坐) for almost 10 hours each day, equivalent to clocking a shift in the office at the desk. 73 They believe this is down to the “active rest postures” used by the tribe. Dr. David Raichlen, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Southern California’s Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences said: “Even though there were long periods of inactivity, one of the key differences we noticed is that the Hadza are often resting in postures that require their muscles to maintain light levels of activity — either in a squat or kneeling.” Prolonged sitting has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. But this contradicts the evolutionary aspect which favors strategies that conserve energy. Brian Wood, an anthropologist at the University of California, and one of the study authors, said: “ 74 But when environments change, these preferences lead to less optimal outcomes.” To find out more, the researchers looked at the data from 28 Hadza adults who wore devices, known as accelerometers (加速度感应器), for eight days and compared it with the information gathered from previous studies that measured inactivity in modern working populations. 75 : Despite that, the Hazda people did not show any signs of the health conditions associated with a sedentary lifestyle. III. Summary Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 76. The Risk of a Digital Dark Age Imagine it’s 2040, and someone discovers floppy disks and VHS tapes labeled “Records and early videos of Bill Gates [1975-1985].” At first, this seems exciting, but frustration soon follows — recovering the information is nearly impossible. Even if the media are in good condition, finding a device to read them is a challenge. While digital technology allows us to store vast amounts of information, how long will our access last? Unlike physical disks and tapes, online data can disappear instantly. This concern led experts in the early 21st century to warn about a “digital dark age”, where future generations might lose access to today’s digital records. If current practices continue, much of our digital history could become inaccessible. Vint Cerf, one of the founding fathers of the internet, argues that this could happen if we don’t act quickly. The real concern isn’t just the durability of records but the lack of technology to access them. For example, CD players and old operating systems may become out of date, making even preserved data unreadable. The problem is particularly challenging with interactive apps and websites. While letters from centuries ago are still readable, will we be able to access a Weibo feed or a WeChat exchange a hundred years from now? This issue has led Mahadev Satyanarayanan of Carnegie Mellon University to take action. He has developed a system that stores everything needed to interpret a record — the record itself, the original operating system, and the application it used — in the cloud. This ensures that digital records remain accessible, even as technology changes. Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan stress the need for intentional preservation. Unlike physical records that can be stored indefinitely, digital information requires active decisions on what to save and how to store it. While major historical records may survive, everyday digital traces of our lives are at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 77．随着社会的发展，英语通过创造新词和赋予旧词新义的方式与时俱进。(evolve) 78．毫不奇怪，这位能以喜剧和悲剧形式讲述伟大故事的作家树立了所有其他作家都渴望达到的标准。(surprise n.) 79．无论何时使用网络地图或电子支付，我们就会做诸如小程序点餐、线上订票、导航出行等事情，这些事情对我们祖先来说是闻所未闻的。(Whenever) 80．简·奥斯汀的小说经久不衰，其中就有《傲慢与偏见》这个关于爱、偏见及反抗社会旧习的故事，被翻译成至少 40 种语言，在全球各地以舞台剧的形式上演。（which；同位语） V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 81．假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划在图书馆内新购一批图书，特向全校师生征集意见，给图书馆写一封邮件，内容须包括： 1．你推荐图书馆新购何书； 2．简要描述该书的内容； 3．你推荐该书的理由。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $