2027年高考英语一轮复习外刊阅读搞定高考英语必备基本词汇07

该高中英语高考复习学案以“人与社会”主题外刊阅读为载体，系统整合阅读理解与核心词汇两大考点，通过“阅读输入-词汇提炼-练习输出”的架构串联考点，借助阅读问题链和词汇任务单引导学生自主梳理词汇用法与语篇逻辑，构建知识网络。 亮点在于诊断性阅读练习与分层词汇任务设计，如4道阅读选择题自测语篇理解，词汇填空及完形练习巩固运用，培养语言能力与思维品质。学生可自主诊断薄弱点，教师依据练习反馈精准指导，助力个性化复习与因材施教。

参考答案 一、阅读练习 1.B 解析：根据文章第四段第一句Young people are more likely to be inspired by positive role models when they have growth mindsets..”(当年轻人拥有成长型思维模式时，他们更有可能受到积极榜样的鼓舞。)可知，拥有成长型思维模式(a growth mindset)的年轻人更容易受到积极榜样的影响。因此，正确答案是B。 2.D 解析：文章第五段提到，当年轻人带着预防心态”(prevention mindset)面对生活时，他们更倾向于被消极榜样吸引，因 为这些榜样能帮助他们学习回避策略”(avoidance strategies)。文章最后一段也明确指出，消极榜样通过引导年轻人“避 免失败”(avoiding failure)来激励他们。因此，一些年轻人崇拜消极榜样是因为他们想避免失败和负面结果，选项D正 确。 3.B 解析：该短语所在的句子是They often have a deep personal fear of failure and have found various coping mechanisms and strategies to avoid misfortune at all costs..”(他们通常对失败有深深的个人恐惧，并找到了各种应对机制和策略来不惜一切 代价避免不幸。)从上下文来看，“coping mechanisms'与“strategies''(策略)并列，并且其目的是为了“avoid misfortune (避免不幸)，因此可以推断其含义是“处理问题的方法”。选项B(Methods to deal with problems)最符合语境。 4.D 解析：这是一道主旨大意题。文章开篇点题，在第二段末尾提出“But it is important to understand that role models can have positive or negative effects on young people.”(但重要的是要明白，榜样可以对年轻人产生积极或消极的影响。)随后，文 章分别阐述了积极榜样和消极榜样如何影响年轻人，以及这背后与“成长型思维”和“预防心态的关系。因此，文章的中 心思想是榜样对年轻人既有积极影响，也有消极影响，选项D是对全文内容的准确概括。 二、词汇练习 I.Complete each sentence with the proper form of a given word. 1.Adulthood 解析：句意为“成年伴随着许多责任”。空格处需要一个名词作主语，根据句意和所给词汇，adulthood(成年)最合适， 且位于句首，首字母需大写。 2.outstanding 解析：句意为“她的表现堪称杰出”。nothing short of是一个固定搭配，意为简直是，无异于”，后面通常接名词或形容词。 此处outstanding（杰出的)作为形容词，用来形容performance（表现)，符合语境。 3.truly 解析：句意为“他的真实意图随着时间推移被揭露了'。空格处需要一个副词来修饰动词revealed(被揭露)。ue的副词 形式是ty(真实地)，符合语法和句意。 4.obstacle 解析：句意为“攀登那座山是一个需要克服的巨大障碍'。空格前有冠词a和形容词huge,因此需要一个单数名词。obstacle (障碍)符合句意。 5.Prevention 解析：句意为“就健康而言，预防总是胜于治疗”。这是一个常见的谚语。空格处需要一个名词作主语，与cue(治疗) 相对。prevention(预防)符合语境，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 6.teenage 解析：句意为“青少年时期常常充满了困惑和发现”。空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词years(时期)。teenage(青少年 的)是形容词，teenage years意为‘青少年时期'，符合句意。 II.Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. 1.J 解析：句意为通过付出你的时间和精力，你可以为有需要的人服务，并为更伟大的事业做出贡献”。ca后面接动词原形， serve(服务)符合语境，serve those in need意为“为有需要的人服务”。 2.G 解析：句意为“志愿服务不仅帮助他人，也提供个人成长和满足感'。空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词gOwh(成长)。 personal(个人的)符合句意，personal growth意为个人成长”。 3.F 解析：句意为“然而，有了正确的心态，你会从这些经历中成长'。with the right..后面需要一个名词。根据上文提到的growth mindset,.此处mindset(心态)符合语境。 4.A 解析：句意为“.但随着时间的推移，当他们学习新事物并为团队做出贡献时，他们会获得一种成就感”。句子缺少谓 语动词，主语是they,时态为一般现在时。achieve(获得，实现)符合句意，achieve a sense of fulfillment意为获得成就 感。 5.H 解析：句意为“成为一名有效志愿者的道路并不总是一帆风顺的”。空格前有定冠词The,需要一个名词作主语。path(道 路，路径)符合语境，比喻成为志愿者的过程。 6.B 解析：句意为“你可能会遇到挫折，甚至灾难'。or even表示递进，空格处需要一个比setbacks(挫折)程度更深的负面 名词。disaster(灾难)符合语境。 7.C 解析：句意为“志愿服务是关于设定一个帮助周围人的目标”。seta(n)后面需要一个名词作宾语。goal(目标)符合句意， set a goal是固定搭配。 8.I 解析：句意为“志愿服务的无私性质意味着你把别人的需求放在自己之前.”。空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词nature (性质)。根据后半句把别人的需求放在自己之前”，可知selfless(无私的)最符合语境。 9.E 解析：句意为此外，志愿服务让你能够支持那些正在经历不幸的人，比如地震或其他困难情况”。)后面需要一个单数 名词。misfortune(不幸)符合语境，地震就是一种不幸。 10.D 解析：句意为“有时候，仅仅是陪伴在某人身边这个简单的行为就能激励他们继续前进'。can后面接动词原形。inspire(激 励)符合句意，inspire them to keep going意为“激励他们继续前进”。 外刊阅读搞定高考英语必备基本词汇07 Positive and Negative Role Models 主题：人与社会(社会服务与人际沟通) As teens grow into young adulthood, they look to others for ways to respond to the challenges of life. Many studies have shown that humans learn through modeling others. This is especially true during the teenage years. We most often think of role models as people with outstanding qualities, including their abilities to inspire others, express positive values, serve their communities, be selfless, and overcome obstacles. But it is important to understand that role models can have positive or negative effects on young people. Researchers have discovered why some teens are drawn to positive role models and others to negative ones. Young people are more likely to be inspired by positive role models when they have growth mindsets. That is when they see themselves as active learners and achievers who accomplish goals through hard work and perseverance. With this type of mindset, young people will strive to achieve better versions of their selves. And they look toward adults to show them the way. And there is a prevention mindset. When youth approach life with a desire to prevent or avoid disasters and negative outcomes, they are more likely to be attracted to negative role models. Role models will help them learn avoidance strategies. These strategies might include cheating on tests or using alcohol to escape life challenges. Positive role models inspire young people by modeling a guide to achieving success. They outline a clear path for achieving goals and a sense of self-worth. Youth with a growth mindset are likely to follow these types of positive role models. Negative role models also motivate young people, but in different ways than positive ones.They do so by guiding youth toward strategies for avoiding failure. They often have a deep personal fear of failure and have found various coping mechanisms and strategies to avoid misfortune at all costs. Young people who have developed a prevention mindset are likely to find these types of role models helpful because they share similar fears. 一、阅读练习 1.According to the article,what kind of mindset makes young people more likely to be inspired by positive role models? A.A fixed mindset. B.A growth mindset. C.A passive mindset. D.A prevention mindset. 2.Why do some young people look up to negative role models? A.They want to improve themselves. B.They admire their kindness and generosity. C.They want to achieve success through hard work. D.They want to avoid failure and negative outcomes. 3.What does the underlined phrase“coping mechanisms”in the last paragraph most likely mean? A.Tools for physical training. B.Methods to deal with problems. C.Strategies for social networking. D.Ways to improve learning efficiency. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Teenagers do not need role models to grow. B.Most teenagers are naturally drawn to positive role models. C.Positive role models always have a stronger influence than negative ones. D.Role models can have both positive and negative effects on young people. 二、词汇学习 adulthood n.成年,成年时期 例Is there a cut-off point between childhood and adulthood?童年与成年之间有分界线吗? model n.模型;典范,榜样;模特v.将……做成模型；把……当成榜样 例Young athletes often model themselves on their sports heroes.年轻的运动员常常以他们的体育英雄为榜样。 true adj.真实的;正确的;真正的 例Finding true happiness often requires self-reflection and meaningful connections with others. 要找到真正的幸福，通常需要自我反思和与他人建立有意义的联系。 拓truth n.事实,真相 teenage n.青少年时期adj.青少年的 例She started writing songs during her teenage years and dreamed of becoming a singer. 她在青少年时期开始写歌，并梦想成为一名歌手。 role n.角色;地位;职能 搭play a role in在……中起作用 例I'll continue to play a role in passing the ancient skill on.我将继续发挥作用,将这一古老的技能传承下去。 拓role-play v.角色扮演 outstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的 例These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability.这些成果进一步证明了他的杰出才干。 拓outstandingly adv.出色地 inspire v.激励;启发思考 搭inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事 例Her dedication to volunteer work inspired many classmates to join community service. 她对志愿工作的奉献精神激励了许多同学参与社区服务。 拓inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 serve v.为……工作;接待;服务 例During summer vacations,many college students serve customers in cafes to gain work experience. 暑假期间,许多大学生在咖啡馆接待顾客以积累工作经验。 拓servant n.仆人 selfless adj.无私的 例During the pandemic,many healthcare workers made selfless sacrifices to protect others. 疫情期间，许多医护人员无私奉献以保护他人。 拓selfish adj.自私的 obstacle n.阻碍,障碍,绊脚石 例Overcoming the obstacle of self-doubt is the first step to achieving success.克服自我怀疑的障碍是迈向成功的第一步。 draw v.绘画;吸引,使注意 搭be drawn to被……吸引 例Patients draw their emotions as abstract shapes and colors.患者将自己的情绪画成抽象的图形和颜色。 拓drawing n.图画,绘画 mindset n.观念模式,思维倾向 例Adopting a positive mindset enables employees to solve problems before they escalate. 采取积极的思维模式能让员工在问题升级前就将其解决。 goal n.球门;目标 搭set a goal设一个目标 例Breaking down big goals into smaller tasks makes them more manageable.将大目标分解成小任务,可以让它们变得更好管理。 achieve v.达到,取得;实现 例There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals.有很多人会努力工作来实现这些目标。 拓achievement n.成绩,成就 achievable adj.可实现的 prevention n.预防,防止,防范 例Regular dental check-ups are essential for the prevention of gum disease.定期牙科检查对于预防牙龈疾病至关重要。 avoid v.避免,防止 搭avoid doing sth.避免做某事 例Smart investors avoid putting all their money into a single stock to reduce risk. 精明的投资者避免把所有资金投入同一只股票以降低风险。 拓avoidable adj.可避免的 disaster n.灾难,灾祸 例The earthquake was a disaster,destroying entire neighborhoods within minutes.这场地震是一场灾难,几分钟内就摧毁了整个街区 拓disastrous adj.灾难性的 cheat n.骗子,欺骗手段v.欺骗;作弊 搭cheat on欺骗;对……不忠;作弊 例The dishonest salesman tried to cheat customers by altering the product's expiration dates. 不诚实的销售员通过篡改产品保质期来欺骗顾客。 alcohol n.酒精饮料;酒精 例Drinking too much alcohol can lead to serious health problems.过量饮酒可能导致严重的健康问题。 拓alcoholic adj.含酒精的 outline n.概要,轮廓线v.概述,论述；勾勒 例The professor outlined the main points of the lecture before diving into the details. 教授在深入讲解细节之前概述了讲座的要点。 path n.小路,小径;路线,道路ː 例The narrow mountain path required careful footing as it wound through steep cliffs. 狭窄的山路蜿蜒穿过陡峭的悬崖，需要小心行走。 youth n.青少年时期,青春;青年人 例The summer camp can build confidence and teamwork in youth.这个夏令营能够培养青少年的信心和团队合作能力。 拓young adj.年轻的,幼小的 motivate v.成为……的动机；激励，激发 搭motivate sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事 例Her inspiring speech motivated the students to work harder toward their goals. 她鼓舞人心的演讲激励了学生们更加努力地朝着目标前进。 拓motivation n.动力,诱因motivated adj.有动机的 personal adj.个人的;私人的;个性的 例She values personal space and quiet time to recharge after social events. 她重视个人空间和独处时间，以便在社交活动后恢复精力。 拓personalize v.使个性化 misfortune n.厄运,不幸 例The family's sudden misfortune taught them the true value of community support. 这个家庭突然遭遇的不幸让他们认识到社区支持的真正价值。 拓fortune n.机会,运气;大量财产 similar adj.相似的,类似的 搭be similar to与……相似 例The twins have similar tastes in music but completely different fashion styles.这对双胞胎在音乐品味上相似,但时尚风格完全不同。 拓similarity n.相似性,相似点 三、词汇练习 I.Complete each sentence with the proper form of a given word. adulthood obstacle outstanding prevention teenage true 1. comes with many responsibilities. 2.Her performance was nothing short of . 3.His intentions were revealed over time. 4.Climbing that mountain was a huge to overcome. 5. is always better than cure when it comes to health. 6.The years are often full of confusion and discovery. II.Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. A.achieve B.disaster C.goal D.inspire E.misfortune F.mindset G.personal H.path I.selfless J.serve Volunteering is a powerful way to make a positive impact in your community.Many people are affected by the idea of helping others without expecting anything in return.By offering your time and effort,you can 1 those in need and contribute to a larger cause.Volunteering not only helps others,but it also provides 2 growth and satisfaction. When you volunteer,you often face different challenges that test your patience,skills,and determination.However,with the right 3 ,you will grow from these experiences.Some volunteers may initially feel unsure about the tasks,but over time,they 4 a sense of fulfillment as they learn new things and contribute to a team. The 5 to becoming an effective volunteer may not always be smooth.You might encounter setbacks or even 6 along the way,but it's important to stay focused on the bigger picture.The rewards are worth the effort.Through volunteering,you strengthen your emotional connections with others. Volunteering is about setting a(n) 7 to help those around you,whether it's supporting a community event or working in a shelter.The 8 nature of volunteering means you put others’ needs before your own,which can be incredibly rewarding. In addition,volunteering allows you to support people who are experiencing a(n) 9 like earthquake or other difficult situations.Whether it's through providing food to those in need or offering a listening ear,your actions can make a significant difference.Sometimes,the simple act of being there for someone can 10 them to keep going. Overall,volunteering is about more than just giving——it's about learning,growing,and making a meaningful difference in the lives of others. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $外刊阅读搞定高考英语必备基本词汇07 Positive and Negative Role Models 主题：人与社会（社会服务与人际沟通） As teens grow into young adulthood,they look to others for ways to respond to the challenges of life.Many studies have shown that humans learn through modeling others.This is especially true during the teenage years. We most often think of role models as people with outstanding qualities,including their abilities to inspire others,express positive values,serve their communities,be selfless,and overcome obstacles.But it is important to understand that role models can have positive or negative effects on young people. Researchers have discovered why some teens are drawn to positive role models and others to negative ones. Young people are more likely to be inspired by positive role models when they have growth mindsets.That is when they see themselves as active learners and achievers who accomplish goals through hard work and perseverance.With this type of mindset, young people will strive to achieve better versions of their selves.And they look toward adults to show them the way. And there is a prevention mindset.When youth approach life with a desire to prevent or avoid disasters and negative outcomes,they are more likely to be attracted to negative role models.Role models will help them learn avoidance strategies. These strategies might include cheating on tests or using alcohol to escape life challenges. Positive role models inspire young people by modeling a guide to achieving success.They outline a clear path for achieving goals and a sense of self-worth.Youth with a growth mindset are likely to follow these types of positive role models. Negative role models also motivate young people,but in different ways than positive ones.They do so by guiding youth toward strategies for avoiding failure.They often have a deep personal fear of failure and have found various coping mechanisms and strategies to avoid misfortune at all costs.Young people who have developed a prevention mindset are likely to find these types of role models helpful because they share similar fears. 一、阅读练习 1.According to the article,what kind of mindset makes young people more likely to be inspired by positive role models? A.A fixed mindset.B.A growth mindset. C.A passive mindset. D.A prevention mindset. 2.Why do some young people look up to negative role models? A.They want to improve themselves. B.They admire their kindness and generosity. C.They want to achieve success through hard work.D.They want to avoid failure and negative outcomes. 3.What does the underlined phrasecoping mechanisms"in the last paragraph most likely mean? A.Tools for physical training. B.Methods to deal with problems. C.Strategies for social networking D.Ways to improve learning efficiency 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Teenagers do not need role models to grow. B.Most teenagers are naturally drawn to positive role models. C.Positive role models always have a stronger influence than negative ones. D.Role models can have both positive and negative effects on young people. 二、词汇学习 adulthood n.成年，成年时期 例Is there a cut-off point between childhood and adulthood?童年与成年之间有分界线吗？ nodel n.模型；典范，榜样；模特v将...做成模型；把...当成榜样 例Young athletes often model themselves on their sports heroes..年轻的运动员常常以他们的体育英雄为榜样。 true adj.真实的；正确的；真正的 Finding true happiness often requires self-reflection and meaningful connections with others. 要找到真正的幸福，通常需要自我反思和与他人建立有意义的联系。 拓truth n.事实，真相 teenage n.青少年时期adj.青少年的 She started writing songs during her teenage years and dreamed of becoming a singer. 她在青少年时期开始写歌，并梦想成为一名歌手。 role n.角色；地位；职能 搭play a role in在...中起作用 例I'll continue to play a role in passing the ancient skill on..我将继续发挥作用，将这一古老的技能传承下去。 拓role-play v.角色扮演 outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 例These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability.这些成果进一步证明了他的杰出才千。 拓outstandingly adv..出色地 inspire v.激励；启发思考 搭inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事 Her dedication to volunteer work inspired many classmates to join community service. 她对志愿工作的奉献精神激励了许多同学参与社区服务。 拓inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 serve v.为...工作；接待；服务 During summer vacations,many college students serve customers in cafes to gain work experience. 暑假期间，许多大学生在咖啡馆接待顾客以积累工作经验。 拓servant n.仆人 selfless adj.无私的 During the pandemic,many healthcare workers made selfless sacrifices to protect others. 疫情期间，许多医护人员无私奉献以保护他人。 拓selfish adj..自私的 obstacle n.阻碍，障碍，绊脚石 例Overcoming the obstacle of self-doubt is the first step to achieving success..克服自我怀疑的障碍是迈向成功的第一步。 draw v.绘画；吸引，使注意 搭be drawn to被..吸引 例Patients draw their emotions as abstract shapes and colors.患者将自己的情绪画成抽象的图形和颜色。 拓drawing n.图画，绘画 mindset n.观念模式，思维倾向 Adopting a positive mindset enables employees to solve problems before they escalate. 采取积极的思维模式能让员工在问题升级前就将其解决。 goal n.球门；目标 搭set a goal设一个目标 例Breaking down big goals into smaller tasks makes them more manageable.将大目标分解成小任务，可以让它们变得更好管理。 achieve v.达到，取得；实现 例There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals.有很多人会努力工作来实现这些目标。 拓achievement n.成绩，成就 achievable adj..可实现的 prevention n.预防，防止，防范 例Regular dental check-ups are essential for the prevention of gum disease.定期牙科检查对于预防牙龈疾病至关重要。 avoid v.避免，防止 搭avoid doing sth.避免做某事 Smart investors avoid putting all their money into a single stock to reduce risk. 精明的投资者避免把所有资金投入同一只股票以降低风险。 拓avoidable adj.可避免的 disaster n.灾难，灾祸 例The earthquake was a disaster,.destroying entire neighborhoods within minutes.这场地震是一场灾难，几分钟内就摧毁了整个街区 拓disastrous adj..灾难性的 cheat n.骗子，欺骗手段v欺骗；作弊 搭cheat on欺骗；对..不忠；作弊 The dishonest salesman tried to cheat customers by altering the product's expiration dates. 不诚实的销售员通过篡改产品保质期来欺骗顾客。 alcohol n.酒精饮料；酒精 例Drinking too much alcohol can lead to serious health problems..过量饮酒可能导致严重的健康问题。 拓alcoholic adj.含酒精的 outline n.概要，轮廓线v.概述，论述；勾勒 The professor outlined the main points of the lecture before diving into the details. 教授在深入讲解细节之前概述了讲座的要点。 path n.小路，小径，路线，道路： The narrow mountain path required careful footing as it wound through steep cliffs. 狭窄的山路蜿蜒穿过陡峭的悬崖，需要小心行走。 youth n.青少年时期，青春；青年人 例The summer camp can build confidence and teamwork in youth.这个夏令营能够培养青少年的信心和团队合作能力。 拓young adj.年轻的，幼小的 motivate v.成为..的动机：激励，激发 搭motivate sb.to do sth..激励某人做某事 Her inspiring speech motivated the students to work harder toward their goals. 她鼓舞人心的演讲激励了学生们更加努力地朝着目标前进。 拓motivation n.动力，诱因motivated adj.有动机的 personal adj.个人的；私人的：个性的 She values personal space and quiet time to recharge after social events. 她重视个人空间和独处时间，以便在社交活动后恢复精力。 拓personalize v.使个性化 misfortune n.厄运，不幸 The family's sudden misfortune taught them the true value of community support. 这个家庭突然遭遇的不幸让他们认识到社区支持的真正价值。 拓fortune n.机会，运气；大量财产 similar adj..相似的，类似的 搭be similar to与.相似 例The twins have similar tastes in music but completely different fashion styles.这对双胞胎在音乐品味上相似，但时尚风格完全不同。 拓similarity n.相似性，相似点 三、词汇练习 I.Complete each sentence with the proper form of a given word. adulthoodobstacle outstanding prevention teenage true 1 comes with many responsibilities. 2.Her performance was nothing short of 3.His intentions were revealed over time. 4.Climbing that mountain was a huge to overcome. is always better than cure when it comes to health. 6.The _years are often full of confusion and discovery. II.Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. A.achieve B.disaster C.goal D.inspire E.misfortune F.mindset G.personal Hpath I.selfless J.serve Volunteering is a powerful way to make a positive impact in your community.Many people are affected by the idea of helping others without expecting anything in return.By offering your time and effort,you can1 those in need and contribute to a larger cause.Volunteering not only helps others,but it also provides 2 growth and satisfaction. When you volunteer,you often face different challenges that test your patience,skills,and determination.However,with the right3you will grow from these experiences.Some volunteers may initially feel unsure about the tasks,but over time,they 4 a sense of fulfillment as they learn new things and contribute to a team. The 5 to becoming an effective volunteer may not always be smooth.You might encounter setbacks or even6 along the way,but it's important to stay focused on the bigger picture.The rewards are worth the effort.Through volunteering.you strengthen your emotional connections with others. Volunteering is about setting a(n)7 to help those around you,whether it's supporting a community event or working in a shelter.The 8 nature of volunteering means you put others'needs before your own,which can be incredibly rewarding. In addition,volunteering allows you to support people who are experiencing a(n)9 like earthquake or other difficult situations.Whether it's through providing food to those in need or offering a listening ear,your actions can make a significant difference.Sometimes,the simple act of being there for someone can 10 them to keep going. Overall,volunteering is about more than just giving-it's about learning,growing,and making a meaningful difference in the lives of others.