UNIT 5 What an adventure!-【优学精研】2027年高考英语一轮总复习教用Word（外研版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心考点，整合词汇（阅读、多义、核心及拓展词汇）、短语、句型（如动词-ing作结果状语）、写作（应用文与读后续写）及阅读等模块，按“单元知识清单-核心知识点突破-高考题型训练”逻辑架构，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破复习难点。 讲义突出分层练习设计与写作微技能训练，如核心词汇“attempt”通过单句语法填空与微写作结合，培养语言能力和思维品质，配合高考真题深度解析与即时反馈，确保复习效率，助力学生提升应考能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供有力支撑。

　　Crowds of people have attempted 1.to climb （climb） Qomolangma to challenge themselves．Are they 2.unaware （aware） of possible failure and even loss of their life？We aren’t psychologists and we have no idea， but it’s confirmed 3.that humans are just likely to take risks even if they’ll 4.probably （probable） suffer from injury and bleeding．Maybe they just want to consume their energy and pursue sheer joy； maybe they just want to see 5.the first rays of sunlight or the magnificent scene with clouds 6.surrounding （surround） the mountain．Their adventures often astonish and excite people．Their personalities 7.are referred （refer） to as “Type T（thrill）”．However，some people go on an adventure just to distinguish 8.themselves （them） from others or show off their 9.experiences （experience）．They should really think twice before doing that： Does it bring into focus what is important to them？Is it worth the risks？After all，everyone should be 10.in charge of his/her own acts and life． 单元知识 必备清单 Ⅰ．阅读单词——我会认 1.oxygen n．氧气 2.sheer adj．　　纯粹的，十足的 3.port n．　　港，港口 4.plaster n．　　创可贴 5.thermometer n．　　体温计 6.cotton n．　　棉布，棉纱 7.cotton wool　　药棉，脱脂棉 8.submarine n．　　潜（水）艇 9.chapter n．　　章节 10.helmet n．　　头盔，钢盔 11.nut n．　　坚果（仁） 12.ray n．　　光线，光束 13.vibration n．　　震颤，震动 14.atom n．　　原子 Ⅱ．多义单词——我会辨 1.rubber n．　　橡胶，合成橡胶；橡皮，黑板擦 2.league n．　　里格（旧时长度单位，相当于3英里或3海里）；联盟，联赛 3.stretch v．　　伸展，伸出；拉长；延伸，绵延 4.charge n．　　主管，负责；费用，价钱 v．　　收费；（给……）充电；冲，进攻；指控，控告 Ⅲ．核心单词——我会写 1.thus adv．　　因此，从而 2.zone n．　　地区，地带 3.border n．　　国界，边界 4.confirm v．　　证实，证明 5.bandage n．　　绷带 6.guideline n．　　指导方针，指导原则 7.cloth n．　　布 8.liquid n．　　液体，液态物 9.captain n．　　船长；队长 10.ahead adv．　　在前面 11.gradually adv．　　逐渐地，逐步地 12.shore n．　　岸，滨 13.carpet n．　　地毯 14.beneath prep．　　在……之下，在……正下方 15.resident n．　　居民，住户 16.male n．　　雄性动物 Ⅳ．拓展词汇——我会拓 1.initial adj．开始的，最初的 n．首字母→initially adv．最初→initiate vt．开始实施，发起 2.crowd n．人群 v．使……拥挤→crowded adj．拥挤的 3.attempt n．& v．努力，尝试；企图，试图→attempted adj．未遂的 4.failure n．失败；失败的人/事→fail v．失败；没有通过（考试），不及格；未能做到；出故障；衰退；使失望 5.psychologist n．心理学家→psychology n．心理学→psychological adj．心理（学）的 6.thrill n．惊险，刺激 v．使非常兴奋→thrilled adj．非常兴奋的→thrilling adj．令人兴奋不已的→thriller n．惊险小说（或戏剧、电影） 7.unaware adj．未觉察到的，未意识到的→aware adj．意识到的，明白的→awareness n．意识 8.alcohol n．酒精→alcoholic adj．酒精的，含酒精的 9.wool n．羊毛，毛织物→woolen （=woollen） adj．羊毛的；毛料的 10.bleeding n．流血，失血→bleed v．流血→blood n．血 11.servant n．仆人，佣人；职员→serve v．提供（食物），端上（饭菜）；接待，服务；产生……的效果（或结果）→service n．服务 12.injury n．伤，损害→injure vt．损害；伤害→injured adj．受伤的 13.permit v．（permitted； permitted； permitting）允许，准许，许可n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可 14.fascinated adj．被迷住的，被吸引住的→fascinate v．深深吸引，迷住→fascinating adj．有吸引力的，迷人的→fascination n．着迷，迷恋，吸引力 15.relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述→related adj．有关的→relation n．关系 16.astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj．感到惊讶的→astonishing adj．令人惊讶的→astonishment n．吃惊 17.consume v．消耗；吃，喝；使强烈地感到→consumption n．消费；消耗→consumer n．消费者 18.distinguish v．看清；认出；分清→distinguished adj．高贵的；卓越的，杰出的 19.surround v．环绕，围绕→surrounding adj．周围的→surroundings n．环境 20.wrinkled adj．有皱褶的→wrinkle n．皱纹 v．（使脸上）起皱纹 21.intensity n．（光、声等的）强度→intense adj．十分强烈的；激烈的 22.broad adj．宽的，阔的→broadly adv．宽阔地；大体上→broaden v．变宽，变阔；（使）扩大影响；增长（知识、经验等） 23.depth n．深，深度→deep adj．深的 adv．在深处→deepen v．加深；（使）变深 Ⅴ．重点短语——我会记 1.in search of 　　　　　寻找，寻求 （同义：in quest of） 2.by sea 　　经海路，乘船 3.benefit from 　　从……中受益 4.good money 　　大笔的钱 5.lose one’s life 　　失去生命 6.like no other 　　与众不同 7.make money 　　赚钱 （同义：earn money） 8.bring ．．．into focus 　　使……成为焦点 9.turn around 　　转身，转向反方向 10.figure out 　　搞清楚，弄明白；计算 11.refer to ．．．as ．．． 　　把……称为…… 12.open up 　　开辟，开发 13.be up to sb 　　由某人决定 14.in charge 　　主管，负责 15.look back on/upon 　　回顾 16.at a distance of 　　在……远的地方 Ⅵ．单元佳句——我会用 1.Vasco da Gama （1460－1524） was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea．［the＋序数词（＋名词）＋to do］ 瓦斯科•达•伽马（1460—1524）是一位葡萄牙探险家，也是第一位从海上到达印度的欧洲人。 2.Christopher Columbus （1451－1506） was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas，thus marking the beginning of European exploration of the Americas．（动词－ing短语作结果状语） 克里斯托弗•哥伦布（1451—1506）是一位意大利探险家，他完成了从西班牙到美洲的航行，从而标志着欧洲人在美洲探险的开始。 3.Above me was the calm surface of the sea．（完全倒装） 在我的上方是平静的海面。 高考高分 提升密码 Ⅰ．高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法 构词法 名词词缀－ure/－sure/－ture通常表示某种状态、性质或动作的结果或产物 写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义 1.“Success is success but that is all that it is，” Dr．Petroski writes．It is failure that brings improvement．　n．失败 2.This experience reminded me of the simple pleasures of life and the importance of cherishing every moment．　n．乐事 3.（2024•新课标Ⅱ卷）The best way to ease pressure on over－touristed destinations is to go somewhere else．　n．压力 4.The look on my son’s face was a funny mixture of horror， disbelief and guilt．　n．混合 5.As prey animals， parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers．　n．接触 6.The departure time of the train is 8 o’clock in the morning．　n．离开，启程 7.The biggest feature of this phone is its long battery life．　n．特征，特色 8.The famous writer put his signature on the book for me．　n．签名 Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考 1.heritage n．遗产 ①cultural heritage文化遗产 ②natural heritage　　自然遗产 ③agricultural heritage　　农业遗产 Visitors to the UNESCO World Heritage sites must follow strict rules to prevent damage to these invaluable treasures． 参观联合国教科文组织世界遗产地的游客必须遵守严格规定，以防止对这些无价瑰宝造成破坏。 2.highway n．公路；通道 ①highway code　　公路法规 ②burn the highway　　疾驰，飞奔，高速行驶 （2025•全国二卷）The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway． 这种地形催生了一个理想市场，货物能以河流为运输通道便捷地运送与接收。 3.humanity n．人类；（统称）人；人性；人道；人文学科；仁慈 ①crimes against humanity　危害人类罪，反人类罪 ②the betterment of humanity人类的福祉 ③the common good of humanity　　人类的共同利益 （2024•新课标Ⅱ卷） She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction－level event for humanity． 她解释道，我们正处于历史的“临界点”，必须刻不容缓地行动，以阻止一场灭绝级存亡危机。 核心知识 点面突破 attempt n．& v．努力，尝试；企图；试图 练通 单句语法填空 ①（2024•全国甲卷）The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve （improve） the situation． ②Tom has reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasize that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma． 写美 微写作 ③如果你第一次尝试就失败的话，也没必要为此沮丧。 If you fail at the first attempt， there is no need to be upset about it． （1）attempt to do ．．．尝试/试图做…… （2）make an attempt to do/at doing ．．．　　尝试做…… at the first attempt　　第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth　　试图做某事 （3）attempted adj．　　未遂的 佳句 ①Ben backed up against the fence， making an attempt to climb up， but a loud bang stopped him in his tracks．　（动作描写） 本靠在栅栏上，试图爬上去，但一声巨响阻止了他。 ②They failed to sell popcorn at their first attempt， which left them feeling deeply depressed and sad．他们第一次尝试卖爆米花失败了，这让他们感到非常沮丧和难过。 permit v．允许，准许，许可 练通 单句语法填空 ①Weather permitting （permit）， a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness．　（通知） ②In the Ming Dynasty， the center was the Forbidden City， surrounded in concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City．Citizens of higher social classes were permitted （permit） to live closer to the center of the circles． 写美 微写作 ③我大为失望的是，门卫不允许我带相机。 Much to my disappointment， the door guards didn’t permit bringing my camera． （1）permit＋名词/代词/doing sth 允许某事/允许做某事 permit sb to do sth　　允许某人做某事 weather/time permitting　　天气/时间允许的话 （2）permission n．　　许可 ask sb for permission=ask permission from sb　　请求某人许可 without permission　　未经许可 with sb’s permission　　在某人许可的情况下 佳句 No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission．　（通知） 未经许可，任何人不得在博物馆内对展品拍照。 distinguish v．看清；认出 练通 单句语法填空 ①Distinguished （distinguish） for its attractive scenery， Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year． ②We are fascinated by Lang Ping who has already distinguished herself （she） as a great volleyball coach in the world． 写美 微写作 ③读好书既能丰富我们的头脑又能教我们分辨是非。　（演讲稿） Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong． （1）distinguish between ．．．and ．．．　 区分/辨别……和…… distinguish ．．．from ．．．　　使……有别于…… distinguish oneself　　使自己扬名 （2）distinguished adj．　　出名的 be distinguished for/as ．．．　　因/作为……而出名 佳句Su Shi was distinguished as a Chinese writer， poet， calligrapher and painter during the Song Dynasty．He was distinguished for his dedication to his craft and his love for his country． 苏轼作为中国宋代杰出的作家、诗人、书法家和画家而出名。他因献身于自己的事业和热爱祖国而出名。 charge n．主管，负责，收费 v．使……承担责任；收（费），（向……）要价；控告；给……充电；猛冲 练通 单句语法填空 ①My English teacher， who has been teaching for twenty years， is in charge of the school work． ②He came charging （charge） into my room and demanded to know what was going on． ③The man dressed in red was charged with crossing the border illegally． 写美 微写作 ④店主没有收我买面条的钱，我感到一股温暖和感激之情涌上心头。　（心理描写） The shop owner charged me nothing for the noodles， and I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me． （1）free of charge=for free免费 take charge of　　负责，掌管（表动作） in charge of　　负责，掌管（表状态） in the charge of　被……掌管；由……负责 （2）charge sb with （doing） sth=accuse sb of （doing） sth　　指控某人犯……罪 charge sb money for sth　　因某事/物收某人钱 charge at　　扑向，冲向 佳句 Opening its bloody mouth， the fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly， charged at me and was about to eat me up in one gulp．　（动作链描写） 张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。 句型公式：动词－ing短语作结果状语 教材原句：Christopher Columbus （1451－1506） was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas， thus marking the beginning of European exploration of the Americas． 克里斯托弗•哥伦布（1451—1506）是一位意大利探险家，他完成了从西班牙到美洲的航行，从而标志着欧洲人在美洲探险的开始。 写美 微写作 ①北极熊向我们逼近，把我们吓得一动也不敢动。 The polar bear approached us， making us freeze， too scared to move an inch． ②我开心地蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门，却发现家里空无一人。　（情感描写） I jumped into the house with joy， only to find the house empty． ③我跳下车，疯狂地跑向机器，插卡，却看到“对不起，机器故障”的信息。　（动作链） I jumped out of the car， made a mad run for the machine， and popped my card in， only to read the message：“Out of order．Sorry．” （1）动词－ing（短语）作结果状语，表示意料、情理之中的结果。 （2）动词不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果。 佳句 ①The sun began to rise， bathing the mountains in golden sunshine， which formed a beautiful scene． 太阳开始升起， 使山脉沐浴在金色的阳光下，形成美丽的景象。 ②Jogging relieves stress and boosts our mood， allowing us to return to class feeling more energetic and focused．　（2024•1月浙江卷） 慢跑可以缓解压力并改善心情，让我们在重返课堂时感觉更精力充沛、更专注。 高效迁移 微点练全 一词多义/熟词生义 1.stretch v．延伸，绵延；伸展，舒展；伸出，伸长 ①Arriving there， we found fields and hills stretching out as far as we could see．　v．延伸，绵延 ②I stretched out a hand and picked up the book．　v．伸出，伸长 ③The exercises are designed to stretch and tone your leg muscles．　v．伸展，舒展 2.He was consumed with guilt after the accident．　v．使强烈地感到 3.Last night the sudden power failure made us at a loss．　n．故障 4.In spring this area is carpeted with bluebells．　 v．厚厚地铺上 单句语法填空/一句多译 1.We failed to sell popcorn at the first attempt， which made us depressed and sad． 2.My parents permitted me to visit （visit） the British Museum and other places of interest as long as I could make progress in English． 3.She looked at the box for a long time， and then her eyes opened wide in astonishment． 4.作为学生会主席，我被委派负责安排你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。　（告知信） →As chairman of the Student Association， I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin． →As chairman of the Student Association， I was appointed to be in charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin． 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial． 2.He behaves strangely．I can’t relate what he does to what he says． 3.It has been confirmed that he had closed his factory for lack of money． 4.Unaware of what was happening around him，he was on pins and needles． 5.近来，如何应对气候变化的问题已成为全世界关注的焦点。 Recently， the problem of how to fight climate change has been brought into focus all over the world． 　应用文增分练——描述冒险经历 　　假定你是李华，你校学生会组织师生进行了一次探险活动，请你在校英文论坛发表一篇帖子，分享此次经历，内容包括： 　　（1）活动过程； 　　（2）个人感悟。 第一步　根据单元知识写美句 1.今天的冒险故事是一个纯粹的刺激。（sheer， thrill） Today the adventure story is a sheer thrill． 2.一大早，我们去了以海洋保护区闻名的普普卡海滩（Pupukea Beach）。（非限制性定语从句，distinguish） In the early morning we went to Pupukea Beach， which is distinguished for the marine reserve． 3.教练解释后，我试图克服恐惧，跟着导游跳了进去。（attempt） After the coach’s explanation I made an attempt/attempted to overcome my fear and jumped in with the guide． 4.令我惊讶的是，我发现了各种各样的鱼群和海龟，然后我被它们包围了。（astonishment， surround） To my astonishment， I found groups of fishes of all kinds and the turtles and then I was surrounded by them． 5.最让我吃惊的是，我可以看到一些鲨鱼在追逐鱼群。（what引导主语从句，astonish） What astonished me most was that I could see some sharks running after the fish groups． 6.我被海面下和谐的居民所吸引。（fascinated， resident，beneath） I was fascinated by the harmonious residents beneath the surface of the sea． 7.这次活动不仅提高了我们的冒险意识，而且大大提高了我们的生存技能。（awareness） The activity not only raised our adventurous awareness but also greatly improved our survival skills． 第二步　连句成篇创佳作 　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。 　　Today the adventure story is a sheer thrill．In the early morning we went to Pupukea Beach， which is distinguished for the marine reserve．After the coach’s explanation I made an attempt/attempted to overcome my fear and jumped in with the guide．To my astonishment， I found groups of fishes of all kinds and the turtles and then I was surrounded by them．However， what astonished me most was that I could see some sharks running after the fish groups． 　　To be honest， I was fascinated by the harmonious residents beneath the surface of the sea．The activity not only raised our adventurous awareness but also greatly improved our survival skills． 　读后续写微技能——欲攀珠峰受阻 积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接 佳句积累 环境描写：The light， which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean， astonished me by its power． 主旨升华：We do not live to eat and make money．We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life． 拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石 情感描写：愤怒（二） 靓点语块 1.spring up in anger气得跳起来5.hands tremble with rage/anger手因愤怒而颤抖 2.shout/scream in anger/furiously怒吼　　6.slam the door furiously/angrily behind愤然摔门而去 3.storm into/out/off怒气冲冲地闯进/走出/气呼呼地跑掉 4.be seized/overcome/swallowed/overwhelmed by anger/rage非常生气 出彩表达 1.I sprang up in anger， turned around and stormed out of the room， slamming the door furiously behind me．（动词－ing短语作状语） 我愤怒地跳了起来， 转过身， 气呼呼地冲出房间， 愤怒地关上身后的门。 2.Mr Smith let out a cry of anger， with his eyes shining with rage．（with复合结构） 史密斯先生发出一声愤怒的叫喊， 眼睛里闪烁着愤怒的光芒。 3.Boiling with/Overcome by rage， Sheldon shook his fist at me．（分词作状语） 谢尔顿怒不可遏， 朝我挥舞着拳头。 重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升 　　场景导入：“我”想跟朋友一起去攀登珠穆朗玛峰，却遭到了父亲的阻止，“我”愤怒不已，夺门而出，但冷静下来后，“我”理解了父亲。 　　My father 1.didn’t permit me to climb （不允许我去爬） Qomolangma with my friends．Fascinated by the mountain， I 2.made an attempt/attempted to persuade him （试图说服他）， but he said various frightening scenes rather than thrill were crowding into his mind．Finally he exploded with rage.3.His voice shaking （他的声音颤抖；独立主格结构）， he shouted furiously， “Why？” Not supported by my father， I let out a cry of anger， 4.with my eyes shining with rage （我的眼睛里闪烁着怒火；with复合结构）.5.I sprang up in anger， turned around and stormed out of the room， slamming the door furiously behind me （我愤怒地跳了起来，转过身，气呼呼地冲出房间，愤怒地关上身后的门；动词的联动；动词－ing短语作状语）．6.Overwhelmed by anger/Overcome by rage （被愤怒冲昏了头脑；过去分词短语作状语）， I ran like crazy and tears came to my eyes．After what seemed like ages， I came to understand my father and rushed back home with a smile on my face． 　　（2025•全国一卷，阅读D）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas， stuck inside volcanic rocks， filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow．They are even appearing inside humans． 　　Now， new research suggests that a simple， cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap （水龙头）：boiling and filtering （过滤） it．In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters， researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics． 　　Crucially， this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate （碳酸钙） to trap the plastics．In the study， boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics．But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate， boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent．Additionally， the research didn’t include all types of plastics．The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene， polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride． 　　Still， the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult．Even bottled water， scientists found earlier this year， contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought． 　　Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns．The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake．“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte－Lindsay， an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research， tells New Scientist．“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics．” 做真题——感悟命题角度 32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph？（　　） A．By quoting an expert．　　 B．By defining a concept． C．By giving examples．　　 D．By providing statistics． 解析：C　推理判断题。第一段中作者通过列举微塑料在深海、喜马拉雅山脉、火山岩石、海鸟胃里和南极洲下的雪中的存在，来呈现微塑料污染问题。由此推断，作者是通过举例子的方式来呈现问题的。 33.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water？（　　） A．The hardness of water．　　 B．The length of cooling time． C．The frequency of filtering．　　 D．The type of plastic in water． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，水的硬度决定了聚集水中微塑料的效果。下文进行了补充说明。因此，水的硬度是影响聚集微塑料效果的关键因素。 34.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4？（　　） A．The importance of plastic recycling．　　 B．The severity of the microplastic problem． C．The danger in overusing pure water．　　 D．The difficulty in treating polluted water． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，减少微塑料接触这项任务正变得愈发艰巨，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比最初认为的高出10至1，000倍。由此推断，作者试图通过提到瓶装水来强调微塑料问题的严重性。 35.What is Gauchotte－Lindsay’s suggestion about？（　　） A．Choice of new research methods． B．Possible direction for further study． C．Need to involve more researchers． D．Potential application of the findings． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，使其能够去除微塑料。由此推断，Gauchotte－Lindsay的建议与研究结果的潜在应用有关。 理脉络——构建篇章思维 再利用——拓宽词句积累 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.Antarctic adj．南极的 2.filter v．　　过滤 3.intake n．　　摄入 4.sample n．　　样本 5.upgrade v．　　升级（课标外词汇） （二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇 1.microplastic n． ［合成词］ 微塑料（micro＋plastic） 2.pollution n． ［派生词］ 污染（词根pollute＋－tion） 3.environmental adj． ［派生词］ 环境的（environment＋－al） （三）由文本知变式运用 plant ［熟义］ n．植物；v．栽种→［生义］ n．工厂（最后一段最后一句） （四）由文本探析长难句 In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters， researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics． 分析：本句为主从复合句。In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters 为介词短语作状语，published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰study； that引导的宾语从句，从句中boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools为动词－ing短语作主语；could remove为谓语动词；at least 80 percent of its microplastics为宾语。 译文： 在中国研究人员本周三发表在《环境科学与技术快报》上的一项研究中发现，只需将自来水煮沸五分钟，然后在冷却后进行过滤，就能去除其中至少80%的微塑料。 Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　 （2026•安徽模拟）I’ve always been an adventurer．As a kid in Hackney， London， I wandered around the streets．In my 20s， I hiked through the Americas．After returning to Liverpool and working as a photographer， I settled down．However， when my relationship ended， I was heartbroken but decided to return to my adventurous roots．In 2016， I began a 1，000－mile trip by myself through Uzbekistan， Tajikistan， and Kyrgyzstan， mostly on foot． 　　Travelling slowly allowed me to connect with people from all walks of life．In the UK， I struggled to make such connections， but abroad， my foreignness drew people to me．For my next adventure — a five－month walk across the UK — I decided to bring a donkey （驴） to make myself more approachable．I found a donkey named Martin from a local farm．After seven months of training， we set off on a 700－mile journey from Cape Wrath in the Highlands to Dorset． 　　The journey was incredibly arduous．The west Highlands were hilly， full of bogs （沼泽地）， and filled with biting insects．For the first six weeks， I felt out of my depth and often questioned whether I should continue．There were moments of depression， like when Martin refused to cross a bog， leaving me feeling both angry and guilty．However， I kept going， walking through paths， rivers， and roads． 　　People everywhere were happy to see us， offering help， food， and places to camp．Martin became a conversation starter， making it easier for me to connect with others．This journey restored my faith in people and taught me that worry doesn’t solve anything．I also learned that building trust with Martin made our journey more enjoyable．By putting Martin’s needs before my own， he became more affectionate， and we formed a strong bond． 　　When I returned home， I bought Martin．He still lived on the farm， but I paid his keep and continued to visit him regularly．We’ve done more walks together since then．This journey not only allowed me to explore the UK but also led to a lifelong friendship with a donkey named Martin． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位冒险爱好者带着一头驴徒步穿越英国的旅程，最终不仅完成了探险，还收获了与驴子的深厚友谊。 1.What made the author decide to return to an adventurous life？（　　） A．The desire to travel abroad． B．The conclusion of a relationship． C．The success of a previous hike． D．The influence of childhood adventures． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，是一段关系的结束让作者决定回归冒险生活。 2.Why did the author bring a donkey on the UK walk？（　　） A．To carry his heavy luggage． B．To make the journey more interesting． C．To have a companion in the long journey． D．To make himself more accessible to others． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，作者带着驴是为了让自己更易被他人接近。 3.What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A．Challenging．　 B．Fantastic． C．Boring．　 D．Leisurely． 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据下文可知，这段旅程充满困难，因此arduous意为“具有挑战性的”。 4.What did the author realize about human－donkey relationships？（　　） A．Trust and prioritizing the donkey’s needs are essential． B．Donkeys require strict training to follow commands． C．Donkeys are more affectionate than other animals． D．Relationships with donkeys are harder to build than with humans． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段后两句可知，作者意识到与驴的关系中，信任和优先考虑驴的需求至关重要。 B 　　（2026•安徽蚌埠二模）Playgrounds have been made significantly safer．There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures． 　　Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge？ In Amsterdam， the Dutch capital， local officials believe so．That’s why they want to replace boring playgrounds with spaces that allow kids to play with water， climb， sword－fight with sticks， wrestle and fall． 　　“The inspiration is that children are hardly moving， which is a huge problem，” says Rob Hofland， one of the officials．“They are attracted to a more engaging screen， sitting still for hours．We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive．Things need to change and it starts young．” 　　Taking risks is children’s nature．Babies start to pull themselves up on furniture even before they can stand．Older children are introduced to a large range of activities that come with potential risk like working with tools． 　　“Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world，” says Mariana Brussoni， a professor at the University of British Columbia．“Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self－confidence， resilience， executive functioning abilities， as well as risk assessment．” 　　While it is still parents’ job to keep kids safe in playgrounds， it is important to make informed choices before prohibiting risky play．That’s why parents should practice what Brussoni calls the 17－second rule．So instead of telling your child not to climb a tree so high or run so fast， take 17 seconds and observe how your child is doing and what they are able to do． 　　“This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do，” says Brussoni， adding that the most important thing you can do is to get out of the way and just let children play． 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论的是如今的儿童游玩场地几乎没有任何冒险设施。这样的游玩场地真的适合孩子们吗？是否应该恢复冒险游戏？ 5.What are the current playgrounds like？（　　） A．They are challenging for kids． B．They are basically free of risks． C．They are full of funny elements． D．They are tailored to risk－takers’ nature． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段以及第二段首句可知，目前的儿童游玩场地基本没有危险设施。 6.Why does Rob Hofland want to bring back risk play？（　　） A．To motivate children to become more active． B．To obey the latest health guidelines in Europe． C．To train potential champions in the sports field． D．To inspire children to invent smarter devices． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Rob Hofland提到，孩子们现在大多更喜爱看电子产品，这导致他们很少运动，健康状况堪忧，由此可推断，他想要恢复冒险游戏是想鼓励孩子们多运动。 7.What does Brussoni stress in paragraph 5？（　　） A．Requirements for tackling risks． B．Features of predictable risks． C．Ways to engage in risky play． D．Benefits risky play can bring． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Brussoni主要强调冒险游戏的益处。 8.What does Brussoni advise parents to do？（　　） A．Stop observing their adventurous kids． B．Act as a role model for less brave kids． C．Allow their kids to explore their potential． D．Prevent their kids from doing risky sports． 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断，Brussoni建议父母允许孩子探索他们的潜能。 C 　　（2026•湖北武汉模拟）It’s been quite a while since the world saw exactly how deadly these deep－sea voyages can be．On June 18，2023， the private submersible （潜水船） Titan carried five men on a mission to view the remains of the Titanic， which is about 400 miles off the coast of Newfoundland．The dive was expected to take a few hours and reach a depth of more than 12，000 feet．But 105 minutes after the Titan went down below the waves， it lost contact． 　　The US and Canadian Coast Guards and the US Navy were called in for a desperate search to rescue the passengers， only to discover the Titan had collapsed inward with no survivors．The disaster dominated global news for weeks， touching off debates： Are human－led deep－sea missions worth their risks and costs？ 　　On social media， some expressed sympathy， while others opposed the effort．Critics labeled the passengers “risk－takers” or “senseless”， and journalists strongly criticised the media focus on wealthy explorers instead of 700 drowned victims in the Aegean Sea．The obloquy continues today — I’ve been targeted myself． 　　For a decade， I’ve supported undersea exploration， arguing its importance．Critics object that remotely operated machines make human missions unnecessary．Why dive deep when we can study hidden secrets in high－definition from safe offices？ 　　Yet I defend humanity’s drive to explore — the hands－on， unpredictable pursuit that sent us to the moon and across oceans．Without such exploration， scientists can’t confirm theories； nor can journalists share real stories．Through many attempts and mistakes， I’ve learned： To truly describe a subject， you must encounter it．Discovery requires being present． 　　The path to knowledge is challenging， filled with setbacks and failures．It’s costly and often unrewarding， but that’s exactly why it matters．Trying various approaches — even following uncertain clues — is crucial to discovery．We lose something vital if we abandon the courage to go deep． 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。2023年6月18日，“泰坦” 号私人潜水船在前往查看泰坦尼克号残骸途中失联并导致乘客无一生还，这一灾难引发了关于人类主导的深海任务是否值得冒险和付出成本的辩论。 9.What was the initial purpose of the Titan’s mission？（　　） A．To test an underwater vehicle． B．To study undersea creatures． C．To rescue Aegean Sea victims． D．To observe the ruins of a ship． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，“泰坦” 号此次任务的最初目的是查看一艘船（泰坦尼克号）的残骸。 10.What does the underlined word “obloquy” in paragraph 3 refer to？（　　） A．The occurrence of drowning． B．The criticism from the society． C．The debate among journalists． D．The focus on wealthy explorers． 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，上文讲述了社会各界的批评，由此可推知obloquy指的是社会的批评。 11.How does the author defend the value of deep－sea exploration？（　　） A．By quoting famous scientists． B．By listing undersea discoveries． C．By weighing the risks and significance． D．By emphasizing its economic benefits． 解析：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，作者通过权衡深海探索的风险和其对科学家、记者等的重要意义来为其价值辩护。 12.What is essential for discovery according to the author？（　　） A．Media coverage． B．Pure imagination． C．Secured environment． D．Direct involvement． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，作者认为对于探索与发现来说，直接参与是至关重要的。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•河南许昌二模）School is probably the best place to expand your academic knowledge， but when it comes to learning about life， there is nothing more enriching than travelling．Travelling provides more valuable life lessons than school， because instead of being told something， you experience it.13.　　 　　Travelling forces you out of your comfort zone． 　　School is a place where you usually feel safe．14.　　 It pushes you out of your comfort zone．And it is a good thing， because it will help you grow as a person． 　　15.　　 　　Travelling gives you a new view on how you live．You might be able to read about different ways of life in a textbook， but experiencing it for yourself offers a whole dimension of learning and understanding that can only really be achieved through travelling． 　　Travelling helps you build confidence． 　　When you travel to a new place， you learn how to become independent and how to fit into this new life.16. 　　 With travel come challenges， and the more challenges you take on and overcome， the greater your confidence will grow． 　　You will learn how to be comfortable with uncertainty and the unexpected． 　　Travel teaches you that the unexpected is rarely as bad as you think．Learning to go with the flow and be flexible in life is probably one of the best lessons you can learn because life doesn’t go as planned．17. 　　 A．Travelling disconnects you from your daily routine． B．Travelling allows you to see and experience new ways of life． C．Here are four reasons why travelling is such a valuable learning experience． D．You really surprise yourself and accomplish things you never thought you could do． E．However， travelling means new foods， cultures， languages， people， and places to explore． F．Eventually， you become used to the uncertainty and the unexpected challenges that come your way． G．Once you actually go and visit， you may even challenge your own opinion about less known places and cultures． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旅游的好处。 13.C　根据上文可知，第一段从平时的学校生活切入，引出旅游是很有价值的学习经历。本段最后一句应是进一步引出下文内容，介绍旅游的好处，C项符合语境。 14.E　根据上文可知，本句与上一句存在对比关系。上句说到学校是一个你会感觉安全的地方，E项指出旅游意味着接触新的事物，符合语境。 15.B　根据本段内容可知，本段讲述的是旅游让你感受到书本上无法体验到的全新生活，B项可概括本段主要内容，为本段小标题。 16.D　本句承接上文，说明去新地方旅行所带来的感受。故D选项符合语境。 17.F　本句为本段最后一句，根据上文可知，说明因为生活并不像计划的那样，所以要学会习惯不确定和挑战。故F项符合语境。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $