UNIT 3 The world of science-【优学精研】2027年高考英语一轮总复习教用Word（外研版）

该高中英语讲义围绕必修第三册Unit3，整合词汇（阅读、多义、核心及拓展词）、短语、句型（强调句、虚拟语气等）及写作（应用文、读后续写）等高考核心考点，按“基础清单—核心突破—真题训练”逻辑架构，通过考点梳理、方法指导（如desire用法练通写美）、真题演练（2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读解析）等环节，帮助学生系统突破难点。 资料突出语言能力培养（词汇拓展、句型应用）与思维品质提升（词义猜测、推理判断训练），创新设计“三维写作提能”（应用文推荐实验助手用单元词汇，读后续写积累情感描写语料），设置分层练习（微点练全、课时检测），保障复习效果。助力学生高效提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

　　In terms of the attitude to work，as a brilliant chemist，Mr Brown devoted himself 1.entirely （entire） to his scientific research．Generally，he tried to adopt some flexible methods．Sometimes，a clever idea 2.flashed （flash） through his mind， 3.which was very lucky for him．After finishing the experiment， he would write 4.an accurate account of it.5.In addition， he had been desiring 6.to be （be） a positive person rather than a passive one．For instance，once he 7.was injured （injure） in a car accident while returning home．After he left the hospital， he began to attach great 8.importance （important） to the homeless children’s mental health and physical health， 9.trying （try） to help to cure them of some bad 10.habits （habit）．In a word，he did much significant work for the homeless children． 单元知识 必备清单 Ⅰ．阅读单词——我会认 1.gunpowder n．火药 2.compass n．　　指南针，罗盘 3.virtual adj．　　虚拟的，模拟的 4.battery n．　　电池 5.compute v．　　计算 6.stuff n．　　东西，物品 7.astronomer n．　　天文学家 8.radium n．　　镭（一种化学元素） 9.lightning n．　　闪电 10.fiction n．　　虚构的事，想象的事 Ⅱ．多义单词——我会辨 1.shoot v．　　射击；拍摄；射门，投篮；冲，奔；射出（光线等），放射 n．　　嫩枝，嫩芽 2.stream n．　　小河，小溪 vi．　　流动；流播 3.cure n．　　药剂；疗法 v．　　治愈（病人或动物）；纠正，去除（弊端等） 4.flash n．　　闪光，闪现；闪光灯； （思想、情感等）突现 v．　　（使）闪光，（使）闪耀；闪现，突然想到 5.gravity n．　　重力，引力；严肃；严重性 Ⅲ．核心单词——我会写 1.desire n．　　渴望，欲望 2.passive adj．　　被动的 3.beyond prep．　　无法…… 4.instance n．　　例子，实例 5.species n．　　物种 6.extraordinary adj．　　非凡的，出色的 7.brilliant adj．　　聪颖的，才华横溢的 8.theory n．　　学说，理论 9.mental adj．　　精神的；精神健康的 10.draft v．　　起草，草拟 11.experiment n．　　（科学）实验 12.metal n．　　金属 13.entirely adv．　　完全地，彻底地 14.procedure n．　　程序，步骤，手续 Ⅳ．拓展词汇——我会拓 1.press v．按，压，推；催促，逼迫；将……塞进 n．出版社，印刷厂；（常用the press）新闻界→pressure n．挤压；（物理）压强；压力 2.flexible adj．易弯曲的，柔韧的，有弹性的；灵活的（时间表）→flexibly adv．灵活地；有弹性地→flexibility n．灵活性；弹性；适应性 3.capable adj．有能力的→incapable adj．没有能力的→capability n．能力 4.significant adj．重要的，影响深远的；显著的→insignificant adj．不重要的；微不足道的→significance n．重要性，意义 5.injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury n．伤害，损伤→injured adj．受伤的 6.chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj．化学的 n．化学物质 7.biologist n．生物学家→biology n．生理；生物学→biological adj．生物（学）的 8.accurate adj．精确的→accurately adv．精确地→accuracy n．精确度，准确性 9.minor adj．小的；次要的→minority n．少数 10.origin n．起源，起因→original adj．最初的，原始的 n．原作，原件→originally adv．原来，最初→originate vi．起源，发源 11.declaration n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布 12.attach v．系，绑；贴；附；重视，认为……重要→attached adj．附属于；喜爱的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；连接物；依恋 13.conduct v．传导（热、电）；实施，安排，进行；指挥（军队、乐队等）；举止，表现；引导，带领 n．行为，举止；管理方法→conductor n．导体；指挥；售票员 14.scientific adj．科学（上）的→scientifically adv．科学上→science n．科学；理科→scientist n．科学家 15.account n．记述，描述；报道；账户 vi．（数量上、比例上）占；是……的原因；解释→accountant n．会计师 16.proof n．证明，证据→prove v．证明，证实；证明是 Ⅴ．重点短语——我会记 1.in addition　除此之外，另外 （同义：what’s more） 2.thanks to　　幸亏，由于 3.in terms of 　　在……方面，就……而言 4.be capable of doing sth　　有能力做某事 5.never say never 　　别轻易说决不 6.no doubt 　　无疑，很可能 （同义：undoubtedly） 7.lead to 　　导致 8.along with 　　与……一起 （同义：together with） 9.apart from 　　除……之外 10.die from 　　死于 Ⅵ．单元佳句——我会用 1.And now，we find ourselves in the great new age of technology．（find＋宾语＋宾语补足语） 而现在，我们自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。 2.So what is it that inspires us to invent things？（强调句型） 那是什么激励着人们进行发明创造呢？ 3.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth．（“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语） 数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追求真理时采用的科学手段。 4.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric shock．（if条件句的虚拟语气） 但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会死于电击。 高考高分 提升密码 Ⅰ．高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法 构词法 名词词缀－ist表示信仰者、专家或从事某活动的人 写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义 1.The geologist found many uncovered fossils in the valley．　n．地质学家 2.The town’s art fair was a significant event， drawing artists and art enthusiasts from nearby areas．　n．艺术家 3.As a responsible tourist， it’s important to respect the local customs and environment．　n．游客 4.The biologist advanced a new theory of life．　n．生物学家 Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考 1.fulfil vt．履行；实现；完成；执行 ①fulfil an obligation/a duty履行义务/职责 ②fulfil the terms/conditions of an agreement　　符合协议条款 ③fulfil a need/requirement　　满足需求/要求 Companies should fulfil their social responsibilities by protecting workers’ rights， not just pursuing profits． 企业应当通过保障工人权利来履行社会责任，而不仅仅是追求利润。 2.gene n．基因 ①gene therapy　　基因疗法 ②gene pool　　基因库 ③gene mutation　　基因突变 Research shows that a gene associated with taking risks is also associated with an increased likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur． 研究表明，一种与承担风险相关的基因也与成为企业家的可能性增加有关。 核心知识 点面突破 desire n．渴望，欲望；渴求 vt．& vi．渴望；期望；想要 练通 单句语法填空 ①I have difficulty choosing Chinese art crafts for my family and friends and I have a strong desire for your timely assistance． 写美 一句多译 ②我们希望学校能组织更多这样的活动，这不仅可以消除我们沉重的压力，还可以开阔我们的视野。　（2023•1月浙江卷） →We desire our school to organise more activities like this， which can not only break down our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons． →We desire that our school （should） organise more activities like this， which can not only break down our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons． （1）have a desire to do sth迫切想做某事 have a desire for sth　　急于得到某物 a desire to do sth　　做某事的愿望 （2）desire sth/to do sth　　渴望某物/做某事 desire sb/sth to do sth　　渴望某人/某物做某事 desire for sth　　想要得到某物 desire that ．．．　　渴望…… 佳句 If you desire to participate in the course，you can visit our school website and enroll before next Friday．　（推荐信） 如果你想参加这门课程，你可以在下周五之前访问我们的学校网站并注册。 点津 desire作动词或名词，后接名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“（should＋）动词原形”。 attach vt．系，绑；贴；附 练通 单句语法填空 ①Handwriting is of such great importance that everyone should attach great importance to it． ②Her child was attached （attach） to screens to the point where she was able to say “chocolate” into his ear without getting a response． 写美 微写作 ③她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，上面写着“生日快乐”。　（场景描写） She found a box lying on the table with a card attached to it， saying “Happy birthday”． （1）attach sth to ．．．把某物连接到/附在……上 attach importance/significance/value to ．．． 　　重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值 （2）attached adj．　　喜爱的；依恋的；附属于 be attached to　　依恋；附属于 （3）attachment n．　　附件，附属物；依恋，爱慕 佳句 I was so attached to my parents that I swallowed hard before boarding the train for Beijing， trying to contain my tears． 我是如此依恋我的父母，以至于在登上开往北京的火车之前，我使劲咽了口唾沫，试图抑制我的眼泪。 in terms of ．．． 就……来说；从……角度 练通 单句语法填空 ①What they have done is good for the environment in the long term． ②It’s not easy for her to come to terms with the fact that she is unemployed． 写美 微写作 ③从长远来看，与我们周围的人处好关系很重要，所以我们应该学会与别人和解。 In the long term/run， it is important to be on good terms with people around us， so we should learn to come to terms with others． （1）be on good/bad terms with sb　 与某人关系好/不好 come to terms with sb　　与某人达成协议/和解 come to terms with sth　　接受（令人不愉快的事） （2）in the long term/run　　从长远来看 in the short term/run　　从短期来看 佳句 In terms of the content of the competition， you can draw or write anything related to the Winter Olympics．　（告知信） 就比赛内容而言，你可以画或写任何与冬奧会有关的东西。 句型公式：“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语 教材原句：More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth． 数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追求真理时采用的科学手段。 写美 微写作 ①许多学生通过了考试，这使他们的老师非常高兴。 Many a student has passed the exam， which made their teacher more than delighted． ②不仅学生而且老师都想去爬山。 Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing． ③每个学生都努力学习，因为他们知道知识的重要性。 Each of the students studies hard because they know the importance of knowledge． （1）“more than one/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 （2）either， neither， each， every或no＋单数名词和复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数形式。 （3）用or， either ．．．or ．．．， neither ．．．nor ．．．， not only ．．．but also ．．．等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。 佳句 More than one expert was invited to deliver a speech about the field where they have made achievements．不止一个专家被邀请就他们取得了成绩的领域发表演讲。 高效迁移 微点练全 一词多义/熟词生义 1.stream n．溪流；人流 v．流播 ①（2023•新课标Ⅰ卷）A dirty stream， for example， often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived．　n．溪流 ②From here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall．　n．人流 ③Sam is an in－real－life streamer （播主）， and he live－streams himself just going about his day．　v．流播 2.conduct v．引导，带领；指挥（军队、乐队等）；实施，进行；举止，表现；传导n．经营方式，管理方式 ①（2023•新课标Ⅰ卷）The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases，the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate．　v．实施，进行 ②The warm－hearted guide conducted us around the West Lake and we enjoyed the breathtaking scenery．　v．引导，带领 ③He was more than honoured to be invited to conduct a concert in America．　v．指挥（军队、乐队等） ④There is no denying that his conduct of the business was very successful．　n．经营方式，管理方式 ⑤There are some materials that conduct heat well．　v．传导 ⑥Make sure that you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should．　v．举止，表现 3.He is a very famous figure in the press．　n．新闻界 4.A one－minute scene in a movie takes days to shoot．　v．拍摄 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.He rose to his feet and said that it couldn’t be measured in terms of money． 2.In my opinion， his perseverance may account for his achievements in his work． 3.Trying to cure the woman of her illness， the doctor tried to find a new treatment． 4.To his relief，his son is studying in a high school attached （attach） to a key university． 5.我写信请求你的帮助。我想毕业后出国留学，但是我的父母希望我就近上大学， 这让我感到很烦恼。　（求助信） I’m writing to ask for your help．I desire to study abroad after graduation， but my parents desire that I （should） attend college nearby， which makes me feel upset． 6.你会发现它很美味，这是一道你绝对不会后悔尝试的美食。 You will find it very delicious， which is a must－try dish that you won’t regret． 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.In addition， the major problems which should be paid attention to are discussed． 2.Many a volunteer donates （donate） money to the institution set up to help people with cancer． 3.In reality， as a result of a shortage of funds， we are not capable of continuing our project． 4.毫无疑问，保护传统文化对中国文化多样性具有重要意义。　（传统文化） There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity． 5.正是这些小小的举动，让我们想起了我们每个人内心的美好和善良。 It is these small gestures that remind us of the beauty and goodness within all of us．（强调句） 　应用文增分练——推荐实验助手 　　假定你是李华，听说你的外教Michael需要一位实验助手，请你给他写一封信向他推荐你的朋友Bert，内容包括： 　　（1）Bert的个人介绍； 　　（2）你的期待。 第一步　根据单元知识写美句 1.听说需要实验助手，我想推荐我的朋友Bert。（动词－ing形式作状语，experiment） Hearing that an experiment assistant is needed， I’d like to recommend my friend Bert． 2.他有学习科学的强烈愿望。 （desire） He has a strong desire to learn science． 3.他重视英语和汉语学习。 （attach importance to） He attaches importance to English and Chinese learning． 4.这使他能够完全流利地与他人沟通 （entirely） It enables him to communicate with others entirely fluently． 5.他是一个如此勤奋细致的人，他会帮助完美地进行实验。（such ．．．that ．．．，conduct，experiment） He is such a hard－working and careful person that he will help to conduct the experiments perfectly． 6.如果你能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。（if条件句的虚拟语气） I would appreciate it if you could take my recommendation into account． 第二步　连句成篇创佳作 　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。 Dear Michael， 　　Hearing that an experiment assistant is needed， I’d like to recommend my friend Bert． 　　To start with， he has a strong desire to learn science．Besides，he attaches importance to English and Chinese learning， so it enables him to communicate with others entirely fluently．Last but not least， he is such a hard－working and careful person that he will help to conduct the experiments perfectly． 　　I would appreciate it if you could take my recommendation into account． Yours， Li Hua 　读后续写微技能——错失机会后的惊喜 积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接 佳句积累 情感描写：More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth． 主旨升华：But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research， and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story． 拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石 情感描写：惊讶（二） 靓点语块 1.give a cry of surprise吃惊地喊出声来 2.shake one’s head in disbelief难以置信地摇头 3.a tone of surprise/a surprised tone/voice惊讶的口气/声音 4.freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock惊讶地呆在原地 5.too surprised/astonished to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话来 出彩表达 1.Everyone gasped in astonishment as the car came around the last bend． 汽车驶过最后一个弯道时， 每个人都惊讶地倒吸一口气。 2.When I looked at the grade on my math paper， my jaw dropped to the ground．　（夸张） 看到数学卷子成绩的那一刻，我惊得下巴掉在了地上。 3.Despair seized him at the thought of his failure in the exam．（无生命名词作主语） 一想到考试的失败，他就万念俱灰。 重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升 　　场景导入：杰里米因生病错失了去国家地质公园考察的机会，他为此感到伤心。令他震惊的是，赫方教授允许他拜访了他的天文台，并邀请杰里米加入他的团队。 　　Brilliant Jeremy desired to go on a grade field trip at the National Geological Park， but unluckily he fell ill， tears of disappointment streaming down his cheeks.1.Despair seized him at the thought of missing the field trip （一想到会错过这次实地考察，他就感到绝望；无生命名词作主语）．He took medicine and fell asleep soon．When he awoke， his father asked him to meet Professor Helfand， who would allow him to visit his observatory.2.Confused and astonished， he gaped at the professor， wide eyed （困惑且惊讶，他瞪大眼睛呆呆地看着教授；形容词短语作状语）.3.After what seemed like a long time， he recovered from shock （过了好像很长时间，他才从震惊中回过神来）， with a smile flashing across his face．When seeing many big bright stars， he froze there， and then 4.gave a cry of surprise （发出惊讶的叫声）．When the professor invited him to join his team， he 5.was too astonished to utter a word （惊讶得说不出话来） and he just 6.kept nodding his head in disbelief （不可置信地一直点头）． 　　（2024•新课标Ⅱ卷，阅读D）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives， we all need to take action to deal with our AI－powered future， and this is where AI by Design： A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in．This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution （变革）． 　　In the wrong hands， such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code （代码） that powers AI but， thankfully， Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable．She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic， making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which， by the close， will make you feel almost as smart as AI． 　　As we soon come to learn from AI by Design， AI is already super－smart and will become more capable， moving from the current generation of “narrow－AI” to Artificial General Intelligence．From there， Campbell says， will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence．This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place．She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence， or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse． 　　Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it．She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction－level event for humanity．We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out．Such structured thinking， followed by global regulation， will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall． 　　AI will affect us all， and if you only read one book on the subject， this is it． 做真题——感悟命题角度 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　） A．If read by someone poorly educated． B．If reviewed by someone ill－intentioned． C．If written by someone less competent． D．If translated by someone unacademic． 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的but，thankfully ．．．into the understandable可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。由此推测，画线短语In the wrong hands指的是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。competent表示“足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的”。 33.What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text？（　　） A．It is packed with complex codes． B．It adopts a down－to－earth writing style． C．It provides step－by－step instructions． D．It is intended for AI professionals． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，她从一个商人的实际角度来写作，使得这本书成为非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。由此推断，这本书的写作风格非常务实。 34.What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development？（　　） A．Observe existing regulations on it． B．Reconsider expert opinions about it． C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control． D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第一句可知，坎贝尔建议让人工智能的发展处于控制之下，并呼吁技术公司、世界领袖和人工智能专家携手应对。 35.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？（　　） A．To recommend a book on AI． B．To give a brief account of AI history． C．To clarify the definition of AI． D．To honor an outstanding AI expert． 解析：A　写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了卡特里奥娜•坎贝尔的书AI by Design： A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence。由此推断，作者的写作目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。 理脉络——构建篇章思维 再利用——拓宽词句积累 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.revolution n．变革；革命 2.complicated adj．　　复杂的 3.dominant adj．　　占支配地位的 4.competent adj．　　有能力的；称职的 （二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇 1.absorbing adj．［派生词］ 吸引人的（absorb＋－ing） 2.forthcoming adj．［派生词］即将到来的（forth－＋come＋－ing） 3.understandable adj．［派生词］ 可理解的（understand＋－able） 4.downfall n．［合成词］ 垮台（down＋fall） 5.greatness n．［派生词］ 伟大（great＋－ness） （三）由文本知变式运用 1.address ［熟义］ n．地址→［生义］ v．设法解决；处理，对付 （第一段第二句） 2.power ［熟义］ n．控制力；影响力；能力→［生义］ v．驱动 （第二段第一句） （四）由文本探析长难句 She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic， making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which， by the close， will make you feel almost as smart as AI． 分析：本句主干为She writes from the practical angle；of a business person rather than as an academic为介词短语作定语；making for a guide ．．．．为动词－ing 作结果状语，后接两个并列定语从句which is highly accessible and informative 和 which， by the close， will make you feel almost as smart as AI，修饰a guide。 译文：她从商业人士（而非学者）的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完它之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•河北承德模拟）Academician Yan Ning of the Chinese Academy of Sciences received the 2024 L’Oréal－UNESCO for Women in Science International Award for the Asia－Pacific region at the UNESCO headquarters （总部） in Paris on May 28.The Awards， established by the L’Oréal Corporate Foundation and UNESCO in 1998， aims to improve the position of women in science by recognizing outstanding women researchers who have contributed to scientific progress in life sciences or physical sciences， mathematics， and computer science．Each year， the award recognizes one woman from each of the world’s five broad regions： Asia and the Pacific， Africa and the Arab States， Latin America and the Caribbean， Europe， and North America． 　　Yan， professor at the School of Life Sciences at Tsinghua University， was recognized for her research in structural biology that has helped explain multiple disorders and guided the treatment of complex pain condition． 　　“Our goal is to broaden the boundaries of human knowledge，” Yan said in an interview published by UNESCO．“Through cutting－edge technologies， my work has developed from exploring cell activities to accurately identifying potentially effective health treatments．Ultimately， I aim to use science to understand the universe and to study the origins of life．” 　　UNESCO said that as a leading authority in her field， “Yan inspires female scientists globally and is a strong advocate for gender equality in research and science education”．“The path to becoming a female scientist may be challenging， but it is not enough to stop you from moving forward．So， be brave and be yourself，” Yan said in her acceptance speech．Since 2015， she has been organizing annual forums （论坛） for female scientists．“We must establish gender equality and establish more female role models”， Yan said． 　　According to UNESCO data， women make up just a third of the global research workforce， and only a quarter of the senior scientific positions in Europe are held by women．Audrey Azoulay， director general of UNESCO， said， “The world needs science， and science needs women．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇关于颜宁获得欧莱雅－联合国教科文组织 “世界杰出女科学家奖” 亚太地区奖项的新闻报道，介绍了该奖项相关情况、颜宁获奖原因以及她在相关领域所秉持的理念与所做贡献等内容。 1.What do we know about the L’Oréal－UNESCO for Women in Science International Award？（　　） A．It is awarded to scientists across all academic fields． B．It usually recognizes one woman scientist each year． C．It aims to inspire female scientists across the world． D．It was launched by the L’Oréal Corporate Foundation． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，该奖项旨在提升女性在科学界的地位，激励全世界的女性科学家。 2.Why did Yan Ning win the award？（　　） A．She has cured numerous patients． B．She advocated for women in science． C．She explained the origin of complex pain． D．She advanced structural biology research． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，颜宁因在结构生物学方面的研究而获奖，她的这一研究有助于解释多种疾病，并指导复杂疼痛病症的治疗，也就是推进了结构生物学研究。 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？（　　） A．The objectives of future health treatment． B．Yan’s commitment to exploring the unknown． C．Yan’s ambition of researching into the outer space． D．The significance of applying scientific knowledge． 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段主要呈现了颜宁在接受教科文组织采访时所说的话，体现了她对探索未知的执着与投入。 4.What does Yan’s acceptance speech stress？（　　） A．The determination female scientists need． B．The impact of female role models． C．Challenges women scientists face． D．The threat of gender inequality． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，颜宁的获奖感言强调了女性科学家需要具备勇敢向前、保持自我的决心。 B 　　（2026•山东泰安三模）In recent years， scientists have become aware of new problems associated with the mass production of microplastics， which can now be found on every part of the earth， including inside almost every person on the planet．Part of the problem is the difficulty and expense involved in recycling plastics， which makes it easier to throw them in the trash or the ocean．In a new study， the researchers in Switzerland have developed a way to break down plastics into their monomer （单体） substances， allowing for much easier and cheaper recycling． 　　Plastics are substances made up of large molecules （分子）， which consist of smaller subunits called monomers．They are formed using a process called polymerization， which in essence combines the monomers into a single substance， namely plastic．Pulling them apart again has proven to be difficult and expensive， until now． 　　The new process involves placing the plastic substances in a chemical liquid and then shining a violet light on it as reactions in the liquid take place — no substance that promotes reactions is needed．The only caveats are that conditions in the container must be kept above 90 ℃， and the light must remain on the whole time．Once finished， the result is a container filled with monomers and other chemicals， which can be easily separated and recycled． 　　The technique was discovered by accident， so the team sought to explain why it worked so well．They found that the chemical， when exposed to the plastic substance， produced chlorine radicals （氯自由基） under the light．The radicals then pulled hydrogen atoms from seemingly random parts of the plastic substance backbone， causing it to break．Even better， when it broke， a new radical was formed， kicking off more reactions． 　　The researchers acknowledge that the reaction is slow， but also note that it has high output and that it is simple， easy and inexpensive to conduct．They suggest it could transform the recycling of plastics around the world． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。瑞士研究人员开发了一种利用化学液体和紫光高效分解塑料为单体的新方法，有望简化并降低塑料回收的成本和难度。 5.What is the function of paragraph 2？（　　） A．To compare old and new recycling methods． B．To stress the urgency of preventing plastic pollution． C．To show the complexity of the new plastic－recycling tech． D．To provide plastic knowledge for the new recycling method． 解析：D　推理判断题。该段通过解释塑料的化学结构（单体、聚合过程），为下文介绍“将塑料分解为单体”的新回收技术提供基础概念，起到知识铺垫作用。 6.What does the underlined word “caveats” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A．Results．　 B．Requirements． C．Advantages．　 D．Barriers． 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，caveats指该技术在操作中需要满足的条件或要求，与Requirements（要求）含义一致。 7.What might the follow－up study focus on？（　　） A．Speeding the reactions in the liquid． B．Reducing operating costs in the process． C．Raising people’s awareness of recycling． D．Increasing the temperatures in the container． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可推断，后续研究可能针对当前技术“反应慢”的缺点，探索加速反应的方法。 8.Which of the following serves as the best title for the text？（　　） A．The Chemistry of Recycling B．Microplastics： Bad to Worse C．Plastic Recycling’s Old Problems D．Breakthrough： Plastic to Monomers 解析：D　标题归纳题。根据第一段尾句及全文对该技术的原理和优势的介绍可知，文章核心是讲述“将塑料分解为单体”这一突破性回收技术。D项（突破：塑料分解为单体）为最佳标题。 C 　　（2026•河北保定联考）Three atmospheric scientists at Colorado State University have found evidence suggesting that western boundary currents have a bigger impact on local climate variability than have been previously thought． 　　In their paper published in the journal Nature， James Larson， David Thompson and James Hurrell described how they used satellite data and numerical modeling to better understand the impact of western boundary currents on local climate variability and what they learned by doing so． 　　Boundary currents are， as their names suggest， ocean currents that are impacted by coastlines associated with land masses．They fall under two main categories， eastern and western．Eastern boundary currents are those that have an eastern boundary， which means they run against the western coast of a land mass．Western boundary currents are the converse． 　　In this new study， the researchers noted that prior research focusing on the impact of boundary currents has typically focused on mean climate impacts — western boundary currents， for example， are known to move huge amounts of warm water from the tropics （热带） to the mid－latitudes．Because of that， they have a major impact on wind， rain， and storms， in general． 　　For this study， the researchers wanted to learn more about the role western boundary currents play in local weather variability．They analyzed high－resolution satellite images and used numerical models to find associations between factors such as sea surface temperatures （SSTs） and vertical motion in the atmosphere over western boundary currents in both hemispheres （半球）．More specifically， they looked for associations between SSTs and circulation （环流） of air in the atmosphere on a month－by－month basis at a localized level． 　　The researchers found what they describe as variability in SSTs and their influence on local atmospheric circulation， which has an impact on rainfall amounts and the vertical rise and fall of air in the atmosphere．The team sums up their findings by suggesting their work has shown that there is a mechanism that connects ocean processes to local climate variability．They suggest this finding could have an impact on weather forecasting models． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科罗拉多州立大学的三位大气科学家通过卫星数据和数值模拟，研究西边界流对当地气候变异性的影响，并发现西边界流与当地气候变异性的联系机制，可能对天气预报模型产生影响。 9.What was the main focus of the study？（　　） A．Predicting future changes in ocean ecosystems． B．Developing new methods for ocean current mapping． C．How the researchers employ data from satellites scientifically． D．How western boundary currents influence local weather change． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，这项研究的主要焦点是西边界流如何影响当地天气变化。 10.What does the underlined word “converse” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A．Similar．　 B．Opposite． C．Strange．　 D．Flexible． 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句可知，东边界流是指有东边界的洋流，沿着陆地的西海岸流动，西边界流与东边界流相反，是指有西边界的洋流，沿着陆地的东海岸流动；converse的意思是“相反的”。 11.What is the difference of the study compared to the prior one？（　　） A．It focused on more specific points． B．It paid more attention to the locals． C．It looked at rainfall trend more carefully． D．It took more time to achieve a high level． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段和第五段可知，与之前的研究相比，这项研究更关注具体的点。 12.What does the author intend to tell us about the study in the last paragraph？（　　） A．Its principle．　 B．Its challenges． C．Its application．　 D．Its process． 解析：C　段落大意题。根据最后一段后两句可知，作者想告诉我们关于这项研究的应用。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•江苏南京模拟）With data shaping everything from healthcare breakthroughs to the latest entertainment trends， data scientists are at the heart of some of the most exciting innovations happening right now.13.　　 　　In the simplest terms， data scientists are the problem－solvers of the digital age．They collect， analyze and interpret complex datasets to help businesses solve real－world problems.14.　　 Whether it’s uncovering hidden patterns in customer data， improving product quality or helping businesses make smarter decisions， data scientists are always deeply engaged in it． 　　Data scientists are highly skilled in coding．15.　　 It’s also used to automate repetitive tasks， freeing up time for more creative work．While not every task will involve coding， it’s still a core skill that enables data scientists to obtain insights efficiently and effectively．It’s the foundation upon which they build the models and tools that power business innovations． 　　16.　　 With more and more data being generated every day， skilled data professionals are more popular than ever．This rapid growth is driven by the increasing need for data to inform smarter decision－making across every industry．Roles in the field span a wide range， including machine learning engineer， data analyst， quantitative researcher and business intelligence specialist． 　　With AI moving at lightning speed， it’s natural to wonder if data scientists could one day be replaced by AI．While AI can automate repetitive tasks like data preparation， it doesn’t have the critical thinking and strategic decision－making that human data scientists bring to the table.17.　　 If you have a passion for coding and get excited about turning data into real－world solutions， data science might just be your perfect match． A．Are data scientists in demand？ B．Coding isn’t just for creating instructions． C．The life of a data scientist is anything but dull． D．They excel at turning raw data into actionable insights． E．So， rather than replacing data scientists， AI will help them． F．But what is it actually like to be a data scientist in today’s world？ G．However， their work could not always lead to practical solutions． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数据科学家在当今社会中的重要角色。 13.F　上文指出数据科学家在当今社会中的重要性。F选项提出了一个问题，自然引出了下文对数据科学家角色的具体描述。因此，F项承上启下，符合语境。 14.D　上文指出数据科学家的主要工作是将复杂数据转化为可解决实际问题的见解。D项直接对应了上文的描述，进一步解释了数据科学家的核心能力。 15.B　根据上下文可知，编码不仅用于创建指令，还有其他重要作用。B项承上启下，引出了下文对编码在数据科学家工作中其他作用的描述。 16.A　下文指出数据科学家在当前社会中的需求很高。A项提出了一个问题，自然引出了下文对数据科学家需求增长的描述。 17.E　上文指出人工智能无法完全替代数据科学家。E项承接上文，进一步解释了人工智能和数据科学家之间的关系。因此，E项符合语境。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $