内容正文:
2026年人教版英语八年级下册期末复习
专题09选词填空
方法策略AOHANG
题型分析
选词填空,题目综合性强,覆盖面广,旨在考查考生的英语基础知识和综合运用语言的能力,其中包括识词能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力和判断能力,同时还考查学生对社会常识的理解掌握能力和认知度。
八年级考生必须在理解并领会文章主旨的同时,把握作者的写作意图,推断文章的内涵,这样才能根据上下文提供的语境,运用自己所学的知识,完成对文章的结构重建。这不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识,还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。
解题步骤
选词填空要求学生在正确理解和把握文章大意的基础上,根据上下文逻辑关系来选择合适的单词,并进行正确变形。因此有一定的难度,也是八年级考试中易失分的题型。做此类试题,需遵循以下四个步骤。
①分析词汇,明确词义,标记词性。
拿到题目后,不要急于看文章,首先研究备选词汇,对词义做初步的标记,如:名词n.、动词v.、形容词adj.、副词adv.等。
②通读全文,把握大意,试填词汇。
通读上、下文的句子,充分理解短文的内容,注意发现固定短语、固定搭配,并凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息,根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的单词。
③瞻前顾后,注意正确变形。
在填词的过程中需要瞻前顾后,选项既要符合本句的句意,又要保证句式结构的正确。需要注意的是,词汇变形有如下几种。
名词:考虑是否变复数、所有格形式或形容词。
动词:考虑是否变形,遇到动词要有意识地去考虑谓语时态和非谓语动词。
形容词和副词:考虑是否变比较级和最高级,还有它们之间的相互转换或形容词变名词。
数词:考虑是否要变基数词为序数词、分数或概数词的用法。
代词:考虑是否变主格、宾格、名词性/形容词性物主代词和反身代词。
④复读短文,核实答案,确保无误。
完成填词后,再次通读全文,检查文章是否符合逻辑,单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、主谓一致、固定搭配及词语运用等方面的错误。同时还要注意大小写是否正确。
拓展练习题
(一)
carry on with, in addition, suffer from, little, bring, necessary, praise, advise, get used to, closely
I do voluntary work in a small primary school near my home every Saturday morning. Some children there 1 poor family conditions—their parents are busy working all day and have 2 time to care for them, so they often feel lonely and sad sometimes. My English teacher knew I was kind and helpful, so she 3 me to help these children with their lessons after school or on weekends. I thought it was a meaningful thing and promised to do my best to help them.
At first, it was not easy for me to get along with the children, but I soon 4 talking and playing with them. Every Saturday, I arrive at the school early, listen 5 to their worries and problems, and help them with their English and math homework patiently. I think it is 6 to be kind and patient to them, because they need more care and love. 7 , we often play simple games together after finishing homework, such as hide-and-seek and word games. Our voluntary work 8 by the school teachers and the children’s parents, and this makes us feel very happy and proud.
We decide to 9 this voluntary work every week. This experience not only helps the children with their study but also teaches me a lot. It makes me know how to care for others and 10 me a lot of joy. I hope more of my classmates can join us, so that we can help these children live a happier life and let them feel the warmth of love.
(二)
one; him; successful; pull; climbers; fast; used; to; change; but
To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able 11 touch the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to -30 degrees. Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and 12 weather.
Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, 13 a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.
On 24 May 1960, 14 Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed 15 teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers 16 themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the 17 time.
In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side 18 this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much 19 . In 2020, a Chinese research team went to Qomolangma to measure its height—8,848.86 metres.
Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top 20 , but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it’s there”!
(三)
he realize behave tool sit patient that much difference in
Mike was an exchange student from England. His Chinese friend Joe invited him to dinner at his home. They noticed many differences in table manners.
The eating 21 are also different. In China, chopsticks are mainly used, but in England, knives and forks are common. Joe 22 taught Mike how to use chopsticks.
During the dinner, Mike rested 23 elbows on the table. But Joe told him, “It is not proper in China.” While in England, people usually don’t mind it. Also, in China, to 24 politely, people shouldn’t eat too fast or too much at once. But in England, the way of eating can be 25 . Mike ate so quickly 26 Joe noticed the difference.
While they were 27 at the table and having their meal, Joe explained Chinese table manners to Mike. And 28 return, Mike shared the usual practices in England. Soon, Mike was used to Chinese table manners. Joe also tried his best to make Mike feel at home.
By now, they have 29 something important. Although there are differences in table manners, the 30 important thing is to understand each other’s customs and cultures better.
(四)
buy careful work take full medicine use when it with
In a small village during the Tang Dynasty, a farmer found a silver coin in the field when he was 31 . It was a round coin 32 a small hole in the middle, and it was the only money the farmer had that day. He wanted to buy some rice for his family, so he went to the village market with the coin.
The rice seller looked at the silver coin 33 . He wasn’t sure if it was real so he bit it with his teeth. After making sure it was a real silver coin, he gave the farmer a bag of rice.
In the afternoon, the rice seller 34 the silver coin to buy a new knife from a blacksmith (铁匠) in the village. The blacksmith needed to buy some 35 for his sick wife, so he 36 the coin to the village doctor.
37 the sun went down, the silver coin was in the doctor’s pocket. The doctor looked at it and smiled, “This coin will help me 38 some fruit for my daughter.” The silver coin lay quietly in the pocket, thinking about 39 next journey. “Where will I go tomorrow? Who will I meet next?” It was 40 of hope for the new day.
(五)
word, safe, sudden, heavy, they, hide, warn, equip, nature, use
Flood Prevention Tips for Students
Floods are common 41 disasters in low-lying cities. Our school has released a set of tips to keep students 42 when flood water rises 43 .
First, listen to official weather 44 through mobile phones or school broadcasts. Do not believe false 45 from online unknown sources. Second, prepare basic emergency 46 such as waterproof bags and high-heeled rain boots. Keep important personal documents in sealed plastic bags to prevent 47 from getting wet.
When flood water enters buildings, move quickly to higher floors and never 48 in basements or ground-floor rooms. Avoid walking through 49 flooded streets, because underground damaged manhole covers are extremely dangerous. After the flood passes, do not drink unboiled tap water; 50 boiled water only to stop infectious diseases.
(六)
communicate, donate, caring, support, collect, difference, need
Helping those in 51 is so meaningful that everyone can do. It brings happiness to both the people who get help and the people who give help.
Many warm-hearted people 52 money and things to charity every year. Some volunteers 53 old books and clothes for the poor kids in mountain villages, and some help the homeless people with food and shelter. They have been 54 about the people in trouble for a long time and they never give up.
Volunteering is also a good way to 55 with different people. When we help others, we learn to be more kind and patient. We understand that a small act of kindness can make a big 56 to someone’s life.
Let’s take action to help those in need, and make the world a better place.
(七)
full,child,arrange,touch,move,heavy,finish,hot,open,keep,large,quick
By noon on Tuesday, the gymnasium (体育馆) of Pinggu Sports Center was 57 of laughter from three playing kids. Their mother Du Yun sat beside them. The local government 58 homeless families to stay at the center. She has three 59 of different ages.
The shelter turned a fitness room into a mother-and-infant room. The whole family came here within an hour. Du felt deeply 60 as the center offered daily goods for kids.
Bad rain hit Beijing 61 . Thousands of people were 62 to safe places. People moving work started on Monday and 63 soon. People could enjoy 64 meals and daily supplies in the shelter.
Pinggu has 65 dozens of shelters in different places. Local officials spare no effort 66 people away from natural danger. Other affected districts also carried out rescue work rapidly.
(八)
shake, sudden, safe, warning, ground, inside, heavy, stay, noise, hide, outside, light
An earthquake is a powerful force of nature. When the earth begins to 67 , many people feel afraid. It is important to know 68 rules before an earthquake happens.
If you are 69 a house during an earthquake, do not run out quickly. Falling walls and broken glass will hurt you. Find a strong table and 70 under it to protect your head. Stay away from windows and tall furniture. Do not use lifts, because power may cut off 71 .
If you are outdoors on open 72 , move away from tall buildings, trees and power lines. Do not stand under bridges. A 73 earthquake can break these structures easily.
Listen to the radio for official 74 after the shaking stops. Small aftershocks may come minutes or hours later. Remember to 75 calm and do not shout. Too much 76 will make you miss important instructions from rescuers.
(九)
by avoid useful slow clock relax make kiss learn unless
Different people have different feelings about the same manners. I 77 about some useful manners last year.
Colombians are 78 about time. They enjoy spending time with their family and friends 79 . So, your friend won’t mind if you are a little late when you are invited to dinner. To be a polite visitor, you should shake hands with your friend or 80 your friend’s cheek there.
However, you should be on time when you meet friends in Switzerland. After all, it’s the country of 81 and watches. You are expected to leave home early to 82 arriving late. Your friends may be unhappy if you are late. Also, you should never go to Swiss friends’ homes 83 you tell them first. The local people are used to 84 plans to see friends. They usually plan their visit 85 calling or sending an e-mail to their friends. They greet each other in the same way as Colombians.
In a word, it’s 86 to learn about manners in different countries. It helps people know the customs in foreign countries well and behave politely.
(十)
reduce down it Italian fit friend
travel out about program postcard stamp
Hobbies are a great way to spend free time and bring many benefits. Some hobbies, like reading or listening to music, help people calm 87 after a busy day. Physical hobbies, such as playing tennis or doing yoga, keep people 88 . Creative hobbies, like painting, allow people to express themselves or 89 stress.
Luca Bruno, an 90 teenager, enjoys making mobile phone apps. He finds 91 fun to create apps that help others. He started 92 at age ten after being inspired by famous businessmen who started out as programmers. His latest app connects people who want to learn Italian, helping them study and make 93 .
Maya Badal in India has a unique hobby: collecting postcards. She believes they are a wonderful way to learn 94 different places. Her collection began with a 95 of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Now, she has over 100 postcards from 32 countries and dreams of 96 to these places someday.
Hobbies like these not only bring joy but also provide a sense of achievement and purpose.
(十一)
if satisfaction clean care for stronger try out for lonely although interested
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m Tommy. I want to 97 for the volunteer program at Animals’ Home. For one thing, I think being a volunteer can help me to get more experience, like how to 98 animals. For another, I hope to find the meaning and value (价值) of life through volunteering. I will get a feeling of 99 after giving a helping hand.
If I could get the job, I would do many things 100 animals. I would help to 101 the places they live. I would also play with them to make them happy and less 102 . I hope to gain some medical knowledge (医学知识) to make animals healthier and 103 . I also hope I can learn how to get along with different people while working with other volunteers. I’m very 104 in this job and really want to be a volunteer here.
105 I have never done this job before, I believe that I’ll do it well. I will be excited 106 you can give me a chance (机会). Looking forward to your reply.
Yours truly,
Tommy
(十二)
they normally reply discuss how avoid manner behave polite realize
Social media (社交媒体) has become an important part of daily life. But do you know how to 107 politely on the internet? Do you show good manners while talking with people online? Here are some tips on 108 to be a good internet user.
Treat others online as you would like to be treated yourself. As the old saying goes, “Courtesy demands reciprocity (礼尚往来)”. lf you are 109 to others, it’s impossible for them to treat you well. 110 , you won’t agree with everyone online. It is important for you to be polite when 111 to others. Therefore, you should 112 using bad words.
Express yourself with some emoticons (表情符号). Messages like a “Hello:-D” can add warmth to your expression when you are having a 113 with others online. Many people have 114 that emoticons can make them much closer to each other. Therefore, you should use more emoticons to make communication smoother and more enjoyable!
Take the time to understand and respect different cultures and communities online. When you make mistakes online,you should say sorry to others and then make sure not to repeat 115
By practising good internet 116 , you can have a happy time online.
参考答案
1.suffer from 2.little 3.advised 4.got used to 5.closely 6.necessary 7.In addition 8.is praised 9.carry on with 10.brings
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者每周六在一所小学做志愿工作,帮助家庭条件困难的孩子辅导功课、陪伴他们的经历,以及这份志愿工作给作者和孩子们带来的积极影响。
【详解】1.句意:那里的一些孩子遭受着糟糕的家庭状况——他们的父母整天忙于工作,几乎没有时间照顾他们,所以他们有时经常感到孤独和难过。句子主语为“Some children there”,时态为一般现在时,此处需用动词短语作谓语。“suffer from”意为“遭受(痛苦、困难等)”,符合“糟糕的家庭状况”的语境,且主语为复数,动词用原形。
2.句意:那里的一些孩子遭受着糟糕的家庭状况——他们的父母整天忙于工作,几乎没有时间照顾他们,所以他们有时经常感到孤独和难过。根据前文“their parents are busy working all day”可知,父母整天忙于工作,几乎没有时间照顾孩子,“little”意为“几乎没有”,修饰不可数名词“time”。
3.句意:我的英语老师知道我善良且乐于助人,所以她建议我在放学后或周末帮助这些孩子辅导功课。句子时态为一般过去时,主语为“she”,此处需用动词作谓语。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“建议某人做某事”,且句子为过去时,动词需变为过去式“advised”。
4.句意:起初,我和孩子们相处并不容易,但我很快就习惯了和他们交谈、玩耍。句子时态为一般过去时,主语为“I”,此处需用动词短语作谓语。“get used to doing sth.”意为“习惯做某事”,且句子时态为一般过去时,动词短语需变为过去式“got used to”。
5.句意:每个周六,我早早到达学校,仔细倾听他们的烦恼和问题,并耐心地帮助他们做英语和数学作业。此处需用副词修饰动词“listen”,“closely”意为“密切地,仔细地”,修饰动词“listen”,表达“认真倾听”的含义。
6.句意:我认为对他们友善和有耐心是必要的,因为他们需要更多的关心和爱。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”为固定句型,此处需用形容词作表语。“necessary”意为“必要的”,表达“对他们有耐心是必要的”。
7.句意:此外,我们经常在完成作业后一起玩简单的游戏,比如捉迷藏和单词游戏。“in addition”意为“此外”,用于补充说明,衔接前后句,符合逻辑关系,位于句首首字母需大写。
8.句意:我们的志愿工作受到学校老师和孩子们父母的赞扬,这让我们感到非常开心和自豪。句子主语为“Our voluntary work”,与“praise”之间是被动关系,即“工作被赞扬”,时态为一般现在时,结构为“be praised”。主语为单数,be动词用“is”。
9.句意:我们决定每周继续这项志愿工作。“decide to do sth.”表示“决定去做某事”,固定搭配。“carry on with”意为“继续(做某事)”,不定式to后接动词原形。
10.句意:它让我学会了如何关心他人,并给我带来了很多快乐。句子主语为“It”,时态为一般现在时,此处需用动词作谓语,与“makes”并列。“bring”意为“带来”,主语为第三人称单数,动词需变为第三人称单数形式“brings”。
11.
to 12.
changing 13.
but 14.
climbers 15.
his 16.
pulled 17.
first 18.
used 19.
faster 20.
successfully
【导语】本文讲述了珠穆朗玛峰的险峻环境,以及中国登山队从北坡登顶珠峰的壮举,介绍了“中国梯”的由来和影响,展现了人类挑战极限的勇气与探索精神。
【详解】11.句意:在地球的最高处,你会感觉自己仿佛能够触碰到天空。此处考查固定搭配be able to do sth.(能够做某事),故填to。
12.句意:登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、陡峭的悬崖和多变的天气。此处需要形容词修饰名词weather,change的形容词形式changing意为“变化无常的、多变的”,符合语境。
13.句意:登山者甚至称那条路为“死亡之路”,但一支中国登山队决心完成这次攀登。此处需要连词表示转折关系,but意为“但是”,连接前后两个分句。
14.句意:1960年5月24日,登山者刘连满、王富洲、屈银华和贡布到达了第二台阶。此处需要名词复数,表示“登山者们”,climbers意为“登山者”,符合语境。
15.句意:刘连满让他的队友们踩在他的肩膀上。此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词teammates,he的形容词性物主代词是his。
16.句意:一点一点地,登山者们奋力向上攀登,越过了第二台阶。此处需要动词过去式,句子时态为一般过去时,pull oneself up意为“奋力向上爬”,pull的过去式是pulled。
17.句意:5月25日凌晨4点20分,五星红旗第一次飘扬在世界最高峰上。此处考查固定搭配for the first time(第一次),one的序数词形式是first。
18.句意:直到2007年,几乎所有从北坡攀登的登山者都使用这架“中国梯”更快地到达山顶。此处考查固定搭配used to do sth.(过去常常做某事),句子时态为一般过去时,故填used。
19.句意:直到2007年,几乎所有从北坡攀登的登山者都使用这架“中国梯”更快地到达山顶。此处需要副词比较级,much后接比较级,fast的比较级形式是faster,意为“更快地”。
20.句意:有些登山者成功登顶,但许多人失败了。此处需要副词修饰动词reach,successful的副词形式是successfully,意为“成功地”。
21.tools 22.patiently 23.his 24.behave 25.different 26.that 27.sitting 28.in 29.realized 30.most
【导语】本文讲述了英国交换生迈克到中国朋友乔家做客时,两人发现中英餐桌礼仪存在诸多差异的故事。乔耐心教迈克使用筷子,并解释中国的餐桌礼仪;迈克也分享了英国的用餐习惯。最终两人领悟到,尽管礼仪不同,最重要的是互相理解彼此的风俗文化。
【详解】21.句意:用餐工具也不同。此处需要一个名词作主语,表示用于吃饭的物品。根据上下文,后文提到筷子、刀叉,这些都是“工具”。备选词“tool”符合语义,根据谓语动词are可知主语应为复数形式,故填 tool的复数tools。
22.句意:乔耐心地教迈克如何使用筷子。此处需要一个副词修饰动词taught,表示教的方式。根据上下文,迈克是外国人,不会用筷子,乔应“耐心地”教他。备选词“patient”的副词形式为patiently。
23.句意:用餐时,迈克把胳膊肘放在桌子上。此处需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰名词elbows,指代迈克的“胳膊肘”。根据上下文,迈克把自己的胳膊肘放在桌上。备选词“he”的形容词性物主代词为his。
24.句意:此外,在中国,为了举止礼貌,人们不应一次吃得太快或太多。此处需要一个动词作目的状语,表示“举止”。根据上下文,后文描述的是吃饭时的行为规范,即如何“举止”有礼。备选词“behave”符合语义,空前有to,故用动词原形behave。
25.句意:但在英国,吃饭方式有所不同。此处需要一个形容词作表语,与中国的礼貌规范形成对比。根据上下文,中国讲究吃有吃相,英国则相对随意。备选词“difference”的形容词形式为different,意为“不同的;有差异的”,暗示英国的方式与中国不同。
26.句意:迈克吃得太快,以至于乔注意到了这个差异。此处需要so...that...结构中的that,引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。根据上下文,迈克吃得很快,“以至于”乔注意到了这个差异。备选词“that”符合语义和语法结构。
27.句意:当他们坐在桌旁用餐时,乔向迈克解释了中国餐桌礼仪。此处需要一个动词的现在分词与were构成过去进行时,表示“坐着”。根据上下文,他们是在“坐”在餐桌旁时交流的。备选词“sit”符合语义,其现在分词为sitting。
28.句意:作为回报,迈克分享了英国的常见做法。in return是固定搭配,意为“作为回报;作为交换”。根据上下文,乔解释中国礼仪后,迈克“作为回报”分享英国习惯。备选词“in”符合搭配,故填入in。
29.句意:到目前为止,他们已经意识到一些重要的东西。此处需要一个动词的过去分词与have构成现在完成时,表示“意识到”。根据上下文,通过这次经历,他们“意识到”了一些道理。备选词“realize”符合语义,其过去分词为realized。
30.句意:尽管餐桌礼仪有差异,但最重要的事情是更好地理解彼此的风俗和文化。此处需要一个形容词的最高级修饰名词thing,表示“最重要的”。根据上下文,理解彼此的文化是所有事情中“最重要的”。备选词“much”的最高级形式为most,the most important thing意为“最重要的事”。
31.working 32.with 33.carefully 34.used 35.medicine 36.took 37.When 38.buy 39.its 40.full
【导语】本文讲述了一枚唐朝的银币在一天之内从农民手中依次流转到米商、铁匠、医生手中,承载着不同人的心愿,也对新的旅程充满希望的故事。
【详解】31.句意:唐朝的一个小村庄里,一位农民在田里劳作时,发现了一枚银币考查动词时态。过去进行时(was/were + 现在分词),表示“过去某个时间正在做某事”。 这里的语境是“农民当时正在田里干活”,所以用work的现在分词形式working。
32.句意:是一枚圆形硬币,中间带有一个小孔,这是农民那天仅有的钱。...a small hole in the middle是介词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的coin。with表示“带有、具有”,用来描述事物的特征,意思是“中间带孔的硬币”。
33.句意:卖米的人仔细地看了看这枚银币。 根据“The rice seller looked at the silver coin...”可知,此处指认真查看,careful是形容词,修饰动词looked时,需要用副词形式carefully。
34.句意:下午,卖米的人用这枚银币从村里的铁匠那里买了一把新刀。固定搭配use sth. to do sth. 表示“用某物做某事”,这里就是“用银币买刀”。全文故事发生在过去,所以use要变成过去式used。
35.句意:铁匠需要给生病的妻子买些药,于是他把硬币带给了村里的医生。句中提到了sick wife,所以对应的物品是medicine,medicine是不可数名词,some medicine表示“一些药”,不需要变复数。
36.句意:铁匠需要给生病的妻子买些药,于是他把硬币带给了村里的医生。固定搭配take sth. to sb./sp. 表示“把某物带给某人/带到某地”,这里就是“把硬币带给医生”。故事发生在过去,所以take要变成过去式took。
37.句意:当太阳下山时,银币已经在医生的口袋里了。根据“ the sun went down, the silver coin was in the doctor’s pocket.”可知,此处表示当太阳落山时,银币已经在医生那儿,when“当……时候”符合语境,首字母需要大写。
38.句意:这枚硬币能帮我给女儿买些水果。根据“This coin will help me...some fruit for my daughter.”可知,银币能买水果,buy“买”符合语境;help sb (to) do意为“帮助某人做某事”,此处填to buy/buy。
39.句意:银币静静地躺在口袋里,想着它的下一段旅程。 根据“The silver coin lay quietly in the pocket, thinking about...next journey.”可知,此处指银币在想它的下一段旅程。it是人称代词,这里要修饰名词next journey,需要用形容词性物主代词its。
40.句意:它对新的一天充满了希望。be full of“充满……的”,固定搭配,full of hope“充满希望的”,符合文中语境。
41.natural 42.safe 43.suddenly 44.warnings 45.words 46.equipment 47.them 48.hide 49.heavily 50.use
【导语】本文介绍了面向学生的防汛小贴士,从提前接收预警、准备应急物资、洪水发生时避险、洪水过后饮水规范几个方面给出建议,帮助学生在洪涝灾害里做好防护、规避风险。
【详解】41.句意:洪水在低洼城市是常见的自然灾害。空格修饰名词disasters,需用形容词,给出的nature应变为形容词natural“自然的”,natural disasters是固定搭配意为“自然灾害”。
42.句意:当洪水水位突然上涨时,我校发布了一套小贴士来保障学生安全。“keep sb. + 形容词”是固定结构,表示“使某人保持某种状态”,用形容词safe“安全的”,构成keep students safe“保障学生安全”。
43.句意:当洪水水位突然上涨时,我校发布了一套小贴士来保障学生安全。空格修饰动词rises,需用副词,sudden变为副词suddenly“突然地”,用来描述水位上涨的状态。
44.句意:首先,通过手机或校园广播收听官方气象预警。weather warnings是固定搭配“气象预警”,warn变为名词复数warnings,表示多条预警信息。
45.句意:不要轻信网络不明来源的虚假言论。false words表示“不实言论”,word变为复数words,泛指各类不实消息。
46.句意:第二,准备基础应急装备,比如防水包和高跟雨靴。emergency equipment是固定搭配“应急装备”,equip变为不可数名词equipment。
47.句意:把重要个人文件放进密封塑料袋,防止它们被打湿。prevent后接宾格代词指代前面的documents,主格they变为宾格them。
48.句意:洪水涌入建筑时,快速转移到高层,绝不要躲藏在地下室或一楼房间。and前后是并列祈使句,应用动词原形hide“躲藏”。
49.句意:避免徒步穿过积水严重的街道,因为地下破损的井盖存在极大安全隐患。此处修饰形容词flooded,需用副词形式。heavy的副词为heavily意为“严重地”。
50.句意:洪水退去后,不要喝未煮沸的自来水,只使用煮沸过的水来预防传染病。分号后为祈使句,表示建议,动词用原形use“使用”给出饮水规范指令。
51.need 52.donate 53.collect 54.caring 55.communicate 56.difference
【导语】本文倡导大家投身助人行动,指出帮助有需要的人意义非凡,能让双方都收获快乐,还能提升自我,呼吁众人用善举让世界更美好。
【详解】51.句意:帮助那些有需要的人是非常有意义的。in need是固定搭配,意为“在危难中/需要帮助的”,符合语境。
52.句意:许多热心人每年向慈善机构捐赠钱物。donate money to charity意为“向慈善机构捐款”,主语people是复数,时态为一般现在时,用动词原形。
53.句意:一些志愿者为山区贫困孩子收集旧书和衣服。collect意为“收集”,符合志愿者gather物品的语境,主语volunteers是复数,用动词原形。
54.句意:他们长期以来一直关心陷入困境的人。have been doing为现在完成进行时,此处表示持续的关心。故填caring。
55.句意:志愿服务也是与不同的人交流的好方法。communicate with是固定搭配,意为“与……交流”,不定式to后接动词原形。
56.句意:小小的善举也能对某人的生活产生巨大影响。make a difference是固定短语,意为“产生影响/起作用”,big后接名词。
57.full 58.arranged 59.children 60.touched 61.heavily 62.moved 63.finished 64.hot 65.opened 66.to keep
【导语】本文主要讲述了北京遭遇暴雨灾害后,当地政府迅速行动,开设安置点、转移受灾群众,为无家可归的家庭提供温暖帮助的故事。
【详解】57.句意:周二中午,平谷体育中心的体育馆里充满了三个玩耍的孩子的笑声。此处考查固定搭配be full of,意为 “充满”,所以填full。
58.句意:当地政府安排无家可归的家庭住在该中心。此处缺少谓语动词,句子时态为一般过去时,处需要动词过去式,结合语境,此处是政府对无家可归的家庭的具体“安排”,应填arranged。
59.句意:她有三个不同年龄的孩子。数词“three”后接可数名词复数形式,child的复数是children。
60.句意:当中心为孩子们提供日常用品时,杜女士深受感动。根据“as the center offered daily goods for kids”可知杜女士很感动,此处需要形容词作表语,修饰人,表示“感动的”,应用touched。
61.暴雨猛烈袭击了北京。此处需要副词修饰动词“hit”,形容雨大用heavy,heavy的副词形式是heavily,意为“猛烈地、大量地”。
62.句意:数千人被转移到安全的地方。根据前文,由于暴雨,数千人被转移到了安全地区,此处为被动语态,结合语境“转移”,move的过去分词moved符合。
63.句意:转移工作于周一开始,并很快完成。句子时态为一般过去时,and连接并列谓语,集合后文“人们可以在避难所享用餐点和日常用品”,说明转移工作完成得很快,finish的过去式是finished。
64.句意:人们可以在安置点享用热餐和日常用品。此处需要形容词修饰名词“meals”,结合语境,在收容所的餐食应是“热的”,所以填hot。
65.句意:平谷在不同地方开设了几十个安置点。has提示句子时态为现在完成时,结构为“has + 过去分词”,根据“dozens of shelters in different places”可知指开放收容所,open的过去分词opened符合,意为“开设、开放”。
66.句意:当地官员不遗余力地保护人们远离自然危险。keep…away from为固定搭配,意为“使……远离……的危害”,keep符合,此处考查固定搭配spare no effort to do sth.,意为“不遗余力做某事”,所以填to keep。
67.shake 68.safety 69.inside 70.hide 71.suddenly 72.ground 73.heavy 74.warnings 75.stay 76.noise
【导语】本文介绍了地震发生时的安全规则,包括室内避险、室外避险和震后注意事项,旨在指导人们在地震中保护自己。
【详解】67.句意:当地球开始震动时,许多人感到害怕。此处需要动词原形作宾语,表示“震动”,shake符合。begin to do sth.表示“开始做某事”,后接动词原形shake。
68.句意:在地震发生前了解安全规则很重要。此处修饰名词rules,应用safe名词形式safety构成固定搭配safety rules“安全规则”,贴合地震避险主题,故填safety。
69.句意:如果地震发生时你在房屋内部,不要快速向外跑。此处需要一个介词,在句中作地点状语,描述人所处的位置。后文给出的建议是do not run out quickly,对应前提是人在房屋内部,故填inside。
70.句意:找一张坚固的桌子,躲在下面保护你的头部。此处需要一个动词原形,与前文的Find构成并列祈使句的谓语,表示避险的动作。hide under sth.表示 “躲在某物下面”,与语境匹配,故填hide。
71.句意:不要使用电梯,因为电力可能会突然中断。此处需要一个副词,在句中作状语修饰动词短语cut off,表示断电发生的状态。修饰动词短语要用副词形式,sudden的副词形式为suddenly。
72.句意:如果你在户外开阔的地面上,要远离高楼、树木和电线。此处需要一个名词,在句中作介词on的宾语,表示户外的场地。on open ground是固定表达,意为“在开阔的地面上”,对应前文的outdoors场景,符合户外避险的语境,故填ground。
73.句意:强烈的地震能轻易损毁这些建筑结构。此处需要一个形容词,在句中作定语修饰名词earthquake,表示地震的强度等级。heavy可表示“猛烈的、强度大的”,用来修饰地震符合语义。
74.句意:晃动停止后,收听广播获取官方预警信息。此处需要一个名词,在句中作介词for的宾语,表示收听广播获取的内容。warning表示 “警告、警示”,此处用复数形式warnings表泛指。
75.句意:记住保持冷静,不要大喊大叫。此处需要一个动词原形,构成remember to do sth.结构,与形容词calm搭配表示维持某种状态。stay calm是固定短语,意为“保持冷静”,是地震后的重要注意事项,也呼应后文 “不要大喊” 的要求。 其他动词如hide、shake等无法与calm搭配表状态。
76.句意:过多的噪音会让你错过救援人员的重要指令。此处需要一个不可数名词,在句中作主语,被too much修饰。前文提到do not shout,原因是过多的噪音会让人错过救援人员的指令,noise是不可数名词,意为“噪音”。 其他名词如warning、ground等不可被too much修饰。
77.learned/learnt 78.relaxed 79.slowly 80.kiss 81.clocks 82.avoid 83.unless 84.making 85.by 86.useful
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,对比介绍哥伦比亚与瑞士两国截然不同的时间礼仪、拜访习俗和见面问候方式,最后总结了解各国礼仪是十分有意义的事。
【详解】77.句意:去年我了解了一些实用的礼仪知识。“... about some useful manners”表示了解礼仪知识,learn about“了解”,“last year”表明时态是一般过去时,learn的过去式为learned/learnt。
78.句意:哥伦比亚人对时间很随意。“your friend won’t mind if you are a little late when you are invited to dinner.”表明哥伦比亚人对时间很随意,固定短语be relaxed about表示“对……随意”。
79.句意:他们喜欢慢慢地陪伴家人和朋友。前文介绍哥伦比亚人对时间很随意,说明他们喜欢慢慢陪伴家人,修饰动词spending,需用slow的副词形式slowly。
80.句意:要成为礼貌的访客,在那里你应该和朋友握手或者轻吻朋友的脸颊。“your friend’s cheek”表明是吻脸颊,kiss“吻”,用动词原形与shake并列。
81.句意:毕竟,它是钟表与手表之国。“... and watches”是指钟表和手表,空处用clock的复数形式clocks,与watches并列。
82.句意:你应该早点离开家,以免迟到。“leave home early”表明早点离开家是为了避免迟到,不定式符号to后接动词原形avoid。
83.句意:此外,你永远不应该去瑞士朋友的家里,除非你先告诉他们。空后句是前句的否定条件,用unless引导条件状语从句。
84.句意:当地人习惯制定拜访朋友的计划。“plans”表明是制定计划,be used to doing sth“习惯做某事”,空处用make的动名词形式making。
85.句意:他们通常通过打电话或发邮件给朋友来安排拜访。“calling or sending an e-mail”表明是通过打电话或发邮件,应用介词by,表示“通过”。
86.句意:总而言之,了解不同国家的礼仪是十分有用的。“It helps people know the customs in foreign countries well and behave politely.”表明了解不同国家的礼仪是有用的,it’s后接形容词useful,作表语。
87.down 88.fit 89.reduce 90.Italian 91.it 92.programming 93.friends 94.about 95.postcard 96.traveling/travelling
【导语】本文介绍了爱好对人们的益处,包括放松身心、保持健康、缓解压力,并通过Luca和Maya的例子,展现了不同爱好带来的乐趣与成长。
【详解】87.句意:一些爱好,比如阅读或听音乐,能帮助人们在忙碌的一天后平静下来。固定搭配calm down表示“平静下来”,此处需用down。
88.句意:体育爱好,比如打网球或做瑜伽,能让人们保持健康。固定搭配keep fit表示“保持健康”,此处需用fit。
89.句意:创造性爱好,比如绘画,能让人们表达自我或减轻压力。结合语境,此处需用reduce表示“减少、减轻”,与stress搭配表示“减压”,此处与express是并列关系,所以应用动词原形。
90.句意:Luca Bruno,一个意大利的青少年,喜欢制作手机应用程序。修饰名词teenager需用形容词,此处需用Italian表示“意大利的”。
91.句意:他发现制作帮助他人的应用程序很有趣。固定句型“find it+adj.+to do sth.”表示“发现做某事……”,此处需用it作形式宾语。
92.句意:他十岁时受启发于出身程序员的著名商人,开始编程。结合后文“programmers”,此处需用programming(program的动名词形式),表示“编程”,start doing sth.表示“开始做某事”。
93.句意:他最新的应用程序连接想学习意大利语的人,帮助他们学习并交朋友。固定搭配make friends表示“交朋友”,此处需用friends(friend 的复数形式)。
94.句意:她认为它们是了解不同地方的好方式。固定搭配learn about表示“了解、得知”,此处需用about。
95.句意:她的收藏始于一张敦煌莫高窟的明信片。结合前文“collecting postcards”,此处需用postcard表示“明信片”,不定冠词a后跟单数形式。
96.句意:现在,她有来自32个国家的100多张明信片,并梦想有一天去这些地方旅行。固定搭配dream of doing sth.表示“梦想做某事”,此处需用traveling/travelling(travel的动名词形式),表示“旅行”。
97.try out 98.care for 99.satisfaction 100.for 101.clean 102.lonely 103.stronger 104.interested 105.Although 106.if
【导语】本文是一封求职信。作者汤米写信申请动物之家的志愿者项目,他在信中阐述了自己想成为志愿者的初衷,以及如果被录用他将为动物们做些什么,表达了自己对这份工作的强烈兴趣与渴望。
【详解】97.句意:我想要参加动物之家的志愿者项目选拔。此处需要一个动词短语,want to后接动词原形;结合语境“申请参加项目”,方框中try out for是固定搭配,意为“参加……选拔”,故填try out。
98.句意:一方面,我认为成为一名志愿者能帮助我获得更多经验,比如如何照顾动物。此处需要一个动词短语,how to后接动词原形;结合前文“volunteer program at Animals’ Home”,志愿者的职责包含照顾动物,care for意为“照顾、照料”,符合语境。
99.句意:伸出援手后,我会获得一种满足感。此处需要一个名词,作介词of的宾语;结合语境“帮助他人后的感受”,方框中satisfaction是名词,意为“满足、满意”,a feeling of satisfaction是固定搭配,意为“一种满足感”,故填satisfaction。
100.句意:如果我能得到这份工作,我会为动物们做很多事。此处需要一个介词;结合后文列举的为动物做的具体事情,此处表示“为了动物”,介词for意为“为了”,符合语境。
101.句意:我会帮忙打扫它们居住的地方。此处需要一个动词,help to后接动词原形;结合后文“the places they live”,志愿者需要打扫这些场所,clean意为“打扫、清洁”,符合语境。
102.句意:我也会和它们玩耍,让它们开心,不那么孤单。此处需要一个形容词,作make的宾语补足语;结合前文“play with them to make them happy”,和动物玩耍能减少它们的孤单感,lonely意为“孤独的”,符合语境。
103.句意:我希望获得一些医学知识,让动物们更健康、更强壮。此处需要一个形容词比较级,和前面的healthier构成并列结构;结合语境,医学知识能让动物更健康、更强壮,stronger是strong的比较级,意为“更强壮的”,符合语境。
104.句意:我对这份工作非常感兴趣,真的很想在这里成为一名志愿者。此处需要一个形容词,构成固定搭配;结合后文“really want to be a volunteer here”,Tommy对这份工作很感兴趣,interested意为“感兴趣的”,be interested in是固定搭配,意为“对……感兴趣”,故填interested。
105.句意:虽然我以前从未做过这份工作,但我相信我能做好。此处需要一个连词;“I have never done this job before”与“I believe that I’ll do it well”语义存在转折让步关系,although意为“虽然、尽管”,句首单词首字母需大写,故填Although。
106.句意:如果你能给我一个机会,我会很兴奋。此处需要一个连词,引导条件状语从句;结合语境“你给我机会”是“我会兴奋”的条件,if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句,符合语境。
107.behave 108.how 109.impolite 110.Normally 111.replying 112.avoid 113.discussion 114.realized 115.them 116.manners
【导语】本文介绍了如何在社交媒体上礼貌互动的方法,包括尊重他人、礼貌回复、使用表情符号、尊重多元文化和践行网络礼仪等建议,以帮助人们愉快地进行线上交流。
【详解】107.句意:但是你知道如何在互联网上表现得有礼貌吗?“how to do sth.”表示“如何做某事”,此处需要一个动词,“behave politely”表示“表现得有礼貌”,符合语境。其他词无法表达此含义。
108.句意:这里有一些关于如何成为一名好的互联网用户的建议。“tips on how to do sth.”表示“关于如何做某事的建议”,“how”符合此处语义与结构。
109.句意:如果你对别人不礼貌,他们就不可能对你好。根据后文“it’s impossible for them to treat you well”可知,此处表示“不礼貌”,“polite”的反义词“impolite”符合语境。
110.句意:通常,你不会和网上的每个人都意见一致。此处需要一个副词作状语,“normally”表示“通常、一般来说”,句首首字母需大写,符合语境。
111.句意:当你回复别人时,保持礼貌对你来说很重要。“when doing sth.”是省略结构,相当于“when you are doing sth.”,此处用动名词形式,“reply to others”表示“回复别人”,因此用“replying”。
112.句意:因此,你应该避免使用不好的词语。“should”后接动词原形,“avoid doing sth.”表示“避免做某事”,符合语境。
113.句意:当你和别人在网上进行讨论时,像“Hello:-D”这样的信息可以给你的表达增添温暖。“have a discussion with sb.”表示“和某人讨论”,“discuss”的名词形式“discussion”符合此处用法。
114.句意:许多人已经意识到表情符号可以让他们彼此更亲近。“have”提示此处为现在完成时,结构为“have/has done”,“realize”的过去分词形式“realized”符合时态与语义。
115.句意:当你在网上犯错时,你应该向别人道歉,然后确保不再重复它们。此处指代前文的“mistakes”,动词“repeat”后接宾语,因此用“they”的宾格形式“them”。
116.句意:通过践行良好的网络礼仪,你可以拥有愉快的上网时光。“good internet manners”表示“良好的网络礼仪”,“manner”表示“礼仪”时常用复数形式“manners”,符合语境
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