专题12 祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测.

**基本信息** 聚焦祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型四大核心句式，通过基础-重难-真题三级进阶训练，实现从单一运用到综合迁移的能力提升，强化语言表达与情境应用的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|35题（分3考向）|填空/翻译，聚焦单一句式用法|从四大句式概念辨析切入，构建“形式识别-语法规则-基础应用”的认知链条| |重难·创新演练|3篇语法填空（校园/社区/户外情境）|情境化语篇填空，综合考查句式功能|结合真实场景，实现从孤立知识点到语篇语境中灵活运用的过渡| |真题·实战演练|2篇高考真题语篇|高考真题语篇填空，突出高频考点|对接高考命题趋势，强化“识别-分析-规范表达”的解题思维路径|

第12讲 祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：祈使句、感叹句、There be;特殊句式在句子翻译中灵活运用…… 考向01 考查祈使句、疑问句的用法 1．Don’t be discouraged. (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. （用适当的词填空） 2． (find) some leisure time to take a boat trip, and you will be attracted by the beautiful scenery along the Li River. 3．Open a bottle, you will spot a few peanuts, some crunchy salty beans and shiny oil mixed in. (用适当的词填空) 4．Catherine, (get) up early tomorrow morning, or we will be late for the train. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Praise children often you will find they will open their hearts to you. （用适当的词填空） 6．Before choosing to study online, (considerate) whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Tap your fingers on the screen and your favorite books (deliver) to your door within a couple of hours. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ? （用适当的词填空） 9． do you think would be the best place to celebrate our anniversary, a restaurant or a bar? （用适当的词填空） 10． (take) aim at what you want to be, and consistently work hard to get closer to your goal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考向02 考查感叹句、There be句型 11．The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was!（用适当的词填空） 12．The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was! 13． great fun it was marching along the streets, enjoying the festive atmosphere! (用适当的词填空) 14．Tears came to my eyes as I realized a fool I had been to judge Jim’s father as a failure. （用适当的词填空） 15． great fun it is to have a warm drink around the fire with friends or family members on such a cold day! 16．There (go) the final bell — our discussion about the youth dilemma begins right now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．There (be) no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．There (be) many flowers on sale in the market, but the variety of what he prefers is limited. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．I should prefer there (be) no discussion of my private affairs. （用适当的词填空） 20． seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials. （用适当的词填空） 考向03 考查四类特殊句式在句子翻译中的运用 21．你上次忘记重要的事，是什么时候了？(slip) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 22．请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。（or）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 23．对敬业的老师来说，没有什么比看到学生取得进步更让人欣慰的了。(there)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 24．我们度过了一次多么令人愉快的旅行啊！（感叹句) __________________________________________________ 25．羽毛球馆里空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？ (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 26．请在下周五之前到我们社团办公室报名。（sign ） _____________________________________________________ 27．令她松了口气的是，一夜暴风雨过后，还有一片叶子紧紧挂在墙上。（cling） （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 28．虽然有效的学习方法并不匮乏，学生们仍需反思自己的学习方式与习惯。(shortage)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 29．近年来，出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。(there) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 30．在数字时代，我们如何让学生对古典文学感兴趣？（appeal）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 31．我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？（withdraw）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 32．我多么希望我昨天没有错过那场精彩的讲座！(wish) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 33．别让孩子们在游泳池边没人看管，好吗？（leave）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 34．在操作机器时，务必确保你认真遵循用法说明。（make sure）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 35．当我回来告诉大家我去过的那些神奇地方时，大家会多么羡慕我啊! (envious ) _____________________________________________________________________ 重难·创新演练 设题创新:校园文明劝导;社区低碳生活；户外徒步安全 语法填空专题微练（祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型） Passage 1 【新情境·校园文明劝导】1 _______ (keep) quiet while reading in the library, or you will disturb other readers. 2 ______ there any quiet corners left for us to review our lessons these days? Look around. 3 ______wonderful a place this library is for students to study! There 4 ______ (be) a row of new desks near the window for anyone who needs extra space. Books must 5 ______(return) to their original places after reading by all students. Passage 2 【新情境·社区低碳生活】6 ______ (not waste) clean water when you wash vegetables at home. 7 ______ can we do to cut down daily household waste? There 8 ______ (be) plenty of easy green habits worth 9 ______(develop) in our daily life. 10 ______ useful these small environmental tips are for every family! Passage 3 【新情境·户外徒步安全】11 ______ (pay) attention to the road signs along the mountain path, will you? 12 ______amazing views we can enjoy on the top of the mountain! There 13 ______ (be) a small wooden shelter for hikers to rest last year. 14 ______we bring enough water and food before setting off? All equipment should 15 ______ (check) carefully before we start hiking. 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：祈使句、感叹句、there be句式 Passage 1 【来源】上海市杨浦区控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试卷 Coral Cultures Studying corals usually requires either observing them alive in the ocean or examining their dead tissue in a laboratory. But new research offers a way to keep all coral cell types alive in a lab cultures for two weeks or 31 (long), opening novel experimental possibilities. The cells of cnidarians (a group that includes corals and sea anemones) are notoriously difficult 32 (culture). These cells 33 (easily damage) during extraction, and corals also have complex microbiomes (微生物群) that are tricky to wipe out with antibiotics. But 34 left alive, the microbes often take over cell cultures. Many cnidarians are both endangered and critical for marine ecosystem health. “We need to do more than just document 35 death,” says University of Miami marine biologist Nikki Traylor-Knowles, who is senior author on a new study in Scientific Reports. In it, her team details how to reduce a coral to its constituent cells and then grow them all together — like 36 (cultivate) the animal on a plate. The researchers made slight changes to a standard growth medium (made of seawater, chemicals and antibiotics) to reach optimal formulas for two different cnidarian species. These formulas let all the 37 (test) species’ cell types grow at once, without microbes or extraneous (无关的) tissues. The new methodology will bring unparalleled visibility into how cell types interact, Traylor-Knowles says, and it will allow for higher-volume experiments without raising or killing whole animals. Scientists do not yet understand all cnidarian cell types, 38 their functions. These cultures could show how different cells respond to stressors, 39 types are most vulnerable to health failures, and possibly where cnidarians get their impressive regenerative abilities. The study is groundbreaking, says molecular biologist Juris Grasis of the University of California, Merced, who was not involved with the paper but also studies cnidarians. He says he was “jealous as hell” when he saw the result. Some cell populations survived for as long as 30 days, he notes, 40 implies the possibility of scaling up cell reproduction for future research. Next up, Grasis says: “How do we translate this back into the field and make corals healthy again?” Passage 2 【来源】上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷 Do women make for better endurance athletes than men? You only need to think of any marathon you’ve watched to assume that men tend to outperform women in sport. But an interesting recent review 41 (publish) in the journal Sports Medicine has triggered the discussion. It highlighted that the male-female performance gap in ultra-endurance competitions (events typically more than six hours) is as low as 4 percent, 42 it’s around 10 percent in traditional endurance sport. And the difference seems to reduce the longer the event becomes, to the point that women even outperform men when 43 comes to events like ultra-distance swimming. Just look at the finishing times for the 45.8 km Manhattan Island marathon swim. On average over the past 30 years, the best women 44 (be) 12 to 14 percent faster than the best men. There are lots of theories as to 45 women might make better ultra-endurance athletes. If we look at the physiology, men tend 46 (have) more type II muscle fibers, which are good for high power output sports such as sprinting (短跑). Women have more type I muscle fibers, which produce less force but are more resistant to exhaustion — ideal for ultra-endurance events. Another theory is that women are better than men at burning fat for fuel and so they have spare essential carbohydrate (碳水化合物) stores. This would mean they’re 47 (likely) to hit ‘the wall’ in a race. Other studies show that women are more likely to keep a consistent pace, 48 going too hard too soon.     Sports psychologists have also suggested that women are generally better at bearing pain, reframing feelings such as exhaustion and enjoying the process rather than worrying about the outcome, all of 49 might lead to a better performance. As persuasive as these theories are, it’s difficult to be certain. Ultra-endurance events are niche (小众项目) and the small numbers of women 50 (participate) make it challenging to draw conclusions, and it’s rare to find direct comparisons with men. Hopefully this will change over time. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第12讲 祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：祈使句、感叹句、There be;特殊句式在句子翻译中灵活运用…… 考向01 考查祈使句、疑问句的用法 1．Don’t be discouraged. (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Take 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：不要气馁。顺其自然，你会享受生活中的每一天。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，空处应用动词原形形式，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Take。 2． (find) some leisure time to take a boat trip, and you will be attracted by the beautiful scenery along the Li River. 【答案】Find 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：找一些空闲时间去划船，你会被漓江的美景所吸引。此处考查固定句型：祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句（and表顺承，or表转折），故填Find。 3．Open a bottle, you will spot a few peanuts, some crunchy salty beans and shiny oil mixed in. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】句意：打开一瓶，你就会看到里面混着几颗花生、一些酥脆咸豆和清亮的油脂。此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的固定句型，表示顺承关系，所以此处是并列连词and。 4．Catherine, (get) up early tomorrow morning, or we will be late for the train. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】get 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：凯瑟琳，明天早上早点起来，否则我们就赶不上火车了。固定句型“祈使句+or+含有一般将来时的陈述句”表示“做某事，否则就会……”，祈使句可转换成if条件状语从句。故空处应用动词原形get。故填get。 5．Praise children often you will find they will open their hearts to you. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：经常赞美孩子，你会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。结合句意可知，前后句之间是顺承关系，应用连词and，构成“祈使句+and+简单句”，故填and。 6．Before choosing to study online, (considerate) whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】consider 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：在选择在线学习之前，考虑一下你是否是一个自我激励的学习者，以及这些材料是否足够有趣，能让你坚持下去。空格处是祈使句，用动词原形，considerate的动词是consider，意为“考虑”，故填consider。 7．Tap your fingers on the screen and your favorite books (deliver) to your door within a couple of hours. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be delivered 【详解】考查固定句型和时态语态。句意：用手指轻敲屏幕，你最喜欢的书就会在几个小时内送到你家门口。分析句子结构可知，这是一个“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的结构，陈述句通常用一般将来时，表示在前面的条件下会产生的结果。主语your favorite books与deliver之间是被动关系，即书被递送，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be + 过去分词”。故填will be delivered。 8．When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ? （用适当的词填空） 【答案】will you 【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：当你看完那本书后，可别忘了把它放回书架上，对吧？主句：don’t forget to put it back…是否定祈使句，反意疑问部分用will you。故填will you。 9． do you think would be the best place to celebrate our anniversary, a restaurant or a bar? （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Which 【详解】考查疑问句。句意：你认为哪一个地方是庆祝我们周年纪念的最佳场所，餐厅还是酒吧？分析句子结构，这里是一个特殊疑问句，空处在句中作主语成分。再结合句中的a restaurant or a bar可知，这里表示选择，所以应用Which引导。故填Which。 10． (take) aim at what you want to be, and consistently work hard to get closer to your goal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Take 【详解】句意：瞄准你想成为的样子，并持续努力工作以更接近你的目标。这是一个由and连接的并列句，前半句(take) aim at what you want to be缺少谓语，该句为祈使句，祈使句以动词原形开头，表示命令、建议、请求等，所以用Take。 考向02 考查感叹句、There be句型 11．The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was!（用适当的词填空） 【答案】What 【详解】考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知此处为感叹句。感叹句分两种情况，第一种是how引导的感叹句，how修饰形容词或副词，其结构是“How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”；第二种情况时what引导的感叹句，其结构是“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语；What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语；What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”。根据空后的a dangerous scene可知此处是what引导的感叹句。故填What。 12．The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was! 【答案】What   【详解】考查感叹句。句意：小男孩骑着自行车沿着高速公路全速而来。这是多么危险的一幕啊！“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”为感叹句句式，此处应用连词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。 13． great fun it was marching along the streets, enjoying the festive atmosphere! (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：沿着街道游行，享受节日的气氛是多么有趣啊！What fun it is/was doing sth.是感叹句，意为“做某事是多么有趣啊”，因此空格处是what，位于句首的单词，首字母要大写。故填What。 14．Tears came to my eyes as I realized a fool I had been to judge Jim’s father as a failure. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】what 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：我的眼里充满了泪水，因为我意识到我之前把吉姆的父亲猜测为失败者是多么的愚蠢。What a fool! （真是个傻瓜！）本句中第一个as“因为”引导原因状语从句。realized 后面跟的是宾语从句“what a fool I had been.”故填what。 15． great fun it is to have a warm drink around the fire with friends or family members on such a cold day! 【答案】What 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：在这样一个寒冷的日子里，和朋友或家人围坐在火堆旁喝杯热饮，这是多么有趣的事啊!分析句子可知，这是一个感叹句，因fun是一个名词，故用what来引导。故填What。 16．There (go) the final bell — our discussion about the youth dilemma begins right now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】goes 【详解】句意：上课铃声已经响起——关于青少年问题的讨论现在就开始了。本句用一般现在时表示正在发生的事情，主语the final bell是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，句子是全部倒装句。 17．There (be) no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查there存在句式。句意：今天不必做决定, 我们可以在明天的会上做。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型“There is no need to do sth.”，意为“没有必要做某事”，根据“today”以及语境可知描述的是当前情况‌（今天不需要做决定），用一般现在时，be动词用is。故填 is。 18．There (be) many flowers on sale in the market, but the variety of what he prefers is limited. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查there be句型。句意：市场上有很多花在出售，但他喜欢的品种有限。分析句子结构可知，此处为there be句型，be动词的单复数形式应与后面的主语保持一致，本句中主语是“many flowers”，为复数形式，且根据后半句的谓语动词“is limited”可知，句子描述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，因此，be动词应用are。故填are。 19．I should prefer there (be) no discussion of my private affairs. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。prefer to do sth.表示“宁愿做某事”，不定式形式作动词prefer的宾语，所以there be句型应用不定式形式there to be。故填to be。 20． seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】There 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：大学生似乎比官员更支持这项新政策。there be句型中的be可以用seem to be替换。故填There。 考向03 考查四类特殊句式在句子翻译中的运用 21．你上次忘记重要的事，是什么时候了？(slip) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When was the last time something important slipped your mind? 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；表示“上次……是什么时候？”用When was the last time…?”，“你上次忘记重要的事”是修饰先行词the last time的定语从句，当先行词是the first/second...last time且关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系词that，that通常省略；从句主语为something important，“忘记、记不起”为slip one’s mind，本句为特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词用when，故翻译为When was the last time something important slipped your mind? 22．请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。（or）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Please make up your mind as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good/golden opportunity. 【详解】考查祈使句、并列句和固定短语。根据句意，前半句为祈使句表建议，后半句为一般将来时表可能产生的后果，用并列连词or连接；表示“请尽早做出决定”使用祈使句，以please开头，位于句首，首字母需大写，“做出决定”使用固定短语make up your mind，“尽早”译为as early as possible作状语；or后接的分句表示“你会坐失良机”，主语为you，“会错过”用will miss，“良机”译为the good opportunity或the golden opportunity作宾语。故翻译为Please make up your mind as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good/golden opportunity. 23．对敬业的老师来说，没有什么比看到学生取得进步更让人欣慰的了。(there)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For a devoted teacher, there is nothing more rewarding than seeing students make progress. 【详解】考查there be句型和比较级结构。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“对敬业的老师来说”可处理为for引导的介词短语作状语，“敬业的老师”翻译为a devoted teacher；表示“没有什么比……更……的了”用句型there is nothing more + 形容词 + than...，“让人欣慰的”用形容词rewarding，“看到某人做某事”用短语see sb. do sth.，see在句中作介词than的宾语，用动名词形式；“取得进步”用短语make progress。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为For a devoted teacher, there is nothing more rewarding than seeing students make progress. 24．我们度过了一次多么令人愉快的旅行啊！（感叹句) __________________________________________________ 【答案】What a pleasant trip we have had! 【详解】考查感叹句及现在完成时。分析句子可知，需要感叹的内容为一次愉快的旅行，故用what a +名词形式的感叹句，旅行已经结束且对现在造成影响，故用现在完成时，结合句意及其他翻译。故翻译为：What a pleasant trip we have had! 25．羽毛球馆里空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？ (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Since there is none/no one in the badminton stadium, how come the lights are still on? 【详解】考查状语从句和固定句型。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时态，表示“在羽毛球馆里”应译为in the badminton stadium；“空无一人”表示的是存在，所以使用there be句型，应译为there is none/no one；根据句意可知，主从句表示的是因果关系，所以使用since“既然”引导原因状语从句；表示“为什么，怎么回事儿”应译为how come；表示“灯还亮着”应译为the lights are still on。故翻译为Since there is none/no one in the badminton stadium, how come the lights are still on? 26．请在下周五之前到我们社团办公室报名。（sign ） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】Please sign up at our club office before next Friday. 【详解】该句为通知类祈使句，用Please + 动词原形的结构；表示“报名”应为动词短语sign up；表示“在我们社团办公室”应为介词短语at our club office；表示“在下周五之前”应为介词短语before next Friday。 27．令她松了口气的是，一夜暴风雨过后，还有一片叶子紧紧挂在墙上。（cling） （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To her relief, after a night of storm, there was still a leaf clinging tightly to the wall. 【详解】考查there be句型、时态、非谓语动词和固定短语。“令她松了口气的是”用固定短语to her relief，作状语，句首单词首字母需大写；“一夜暴风雨过后”用介词短语after a night of storm，作时间状语；“还有一片叶子紧紧挂在墙上”用there be句型，句子陈述过去事实，应用一般过去时，主语“一片叶子”用a leaf，为单数，故be动词应用was；“还”用still；“紧紧挂在墙上”用clinging tightly to the wall，作a leaf的后置定语，其中动词cling与逻辑主语a leaf为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式， tightly为副词作状语修饰动词clinging。故翻译为：To her relief, after a night of storm, there was still a leaf clinging tightly to the wall. 28．虽然有效的学习方法并不匮乏，学生们仍需反思自己的学习方式与习惯。(shortage)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although there is no shortage of effective learning methods, students still need to reflect on their own learning approaches and habits. 【详解】考查动词、名词和让步状语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时表客观情况，表示“虽然”可用although，为从属连词，引导让步状语从句；表示“并不匮乏”应用there is no shortage of ，为常见搭配；表示“有效的学习方法”应用effective learning methods，为名词短语作介词后宾语；表示“学生们”应用students ，在主句中作主语；表示“仍”应用still，为副词作状语；表示“需反思”应用 need to reflect on，其中reflect on，表“反思”，为固定搭配；表示“自己的学习方式与习惯”应用 their own learning approaches and habits，为名词短语作介词后宾语。故翻译为Although there is no shortage of effective learning methods, students still need to reflect on their own learning approaches and habits. 29．近年来，出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。(there) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, there have been many digital libraries, saving the space needed to store books. 【详解】考查there be句型及时态，非谓语动词。表示“近年来”可使用介词短语in recent years在句中作时间状语；表示“出现了”可根据要求使用there be句型，根据时间状语in recent years应使用现在完成时；“许多数字图书馆”可使用名词短语many digital libraries；表示“从而节省了存放图书所需的空间”，可使用动词短语save the space needed to store books作结果状语，save使用现在分词形式；其中needed to store books作后置定语修饰名词space。故翻译为In recent years, there have been many digital libraries, saving the space needed to store books.。 30．在数字时代，我们如何让学生对古典文学感兴趣？（appeal）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In the digital age, how can we make classical literature appeal to students? 【详解】考查特殊疑问句和固定短语。状语“在数字时态”表达为in the digital age，“如何”用how表达，为特殊疑问词，主语是we“我们”，“让……做某事”表达为make sth. do sth.，宾语“古典文学”表达为classical literature，“吸引……”表达为appeal to，appeal用原形，宾语“学生”表达为students，复数形式表泛指。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为In the digital age, how can we make classical literature appeal to students? 31．我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？（withdraw）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by accident/mistake, and is it possible to withdraw it? 【详解】考查时态、固定短语和一般疑问句。根据句意，前半句描述刚发生的动作并对现在有所影响，用现在完成时；后半句询问可能性，用一般现在时的一般疑问句。表示“我”为I作前半句主语，位于句首首字母大写；表示“刚才”为just作时间状语，置于助动词后、过去分词前；表示“一不小心”为by accident/mistake作状语；表示“点了“提交申请””为have just clicked (on) “Submit Application”，“点击”用click (on)，现在完成时中助动词用have，后接过去分词clicked；前半句整体译为I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by accident/mistake；后半句表示“还有可能撤回吗？”，用“is it possible to do sth?”结构，根据提示词，“撤回”为withdraw，“它”（指代“申请”）为it作withdraw的宾语，故后半句译为is it possible to withdraw it?，其后两句之间为并列关系，用and连接两个分句。故翻译为I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by accident/mistake, and is it possible to withdraw it? 32．我多么希望我昨天没有错过那场精彩的讲座！(wish) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How I wish I hadn’t missed the wonderful lecture yesterday! 【详解】根据句意，该句表达对过去事情的遗憾，要用wish后接宾语从句的虚拟语气，主句用一般现在时，从句表示对过去的虚拟用过去完成时；表示“多么希望”用how I wish构成感叹句式，位于句首首字母需大写；宾语从句主语为I；表示“错过”为miss，对过去虚拟需用hadn’t missed；表示“那场精彩的讲座”为the wonderful lecture作宾语；表示“昨天”为yesterday作时间状语。 33．别让孩子们在游泳池边没人看管，好吗？（leave）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Don’t leave the children alone/unattended/unaccompanied near the swimming pool, will you? 【详解】考查祈使句及反意疑问句。“leave sb +形容词/副词/介词短语”表示“使某人处于……状态” ；“孩子们”是the children；“没人看管”可表达为alone，unattended或unaccompanied；“在游泳池边”为near the swimming pool作状语，此句为祈使句的否定形式，反义疑问句部分用will you。故译为Don’t leave the children alone/unattended/unaccompanied near the swimming pool, will you? 34．在操作机器时，务必确保你认真遵循用法说明。（make sure）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When operating the machine, make sure that you carefully follow the instructions. 【详解】考查短语、时态、省略和表语从句。“在……时”用连词when，引导时间状语从句；“操作机器”翻译为operate the machine；所以“在操作机器时”可翻译为When operating the machine，完整形式是When you are operating the machine，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。“务必确保”用短语make sure，其后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that连接。“你认真遵循用法说明”翻译为you carefully follow the instructions。根据句意，主句用祈使句；从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为When operating the machine, make sure that you carefully follow the instructions. 35．当我回来告诉大家我去过的那些神奇地方时，大家会多么羡慕我啊! (envious ) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How envious everyone will be when I come back and tell them about all those amazing places I’ve visited! 【详解】考查感叹句、时间状语从句、动词短语及时态。“大家会多么羡慕我啊”是主句，使用感叹句来表达强烈的情感，感叹句结构为“How + 形容词/副词 + 其他成分 + 陈述句语序”，“多么羡慕”对应how envious，主语“大家”用everyone，“会……”用will be，使用一般将来时来描述将来的情况，即“how envious everyone will be”；“当我回来告诉大家我去过的那些神奇地方时”是时间状语，可处理为由从属连词when引导的时间状语从句，主语“我”用人称代词I ，谓语“回来”和“告诉”用分别用come back和tell表示，根据“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时态表将来，“告诉某人关于某事”用动词短语tell sb. about sth.，“大家”用宾格人称代词them，“去过的那些神奇地方”作介词about的宾语，译为all those amazing places I’ve visited，其中I’ve visited是定语从句，省略了关系代词that或者which，修饰先行词places，因为描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，定语从句用现在完成时。综上，全句译为：How envious everyone will be when I come back and tell them about all those amazing places I’ve visited! 重难·创新演练 设题创新:校园文明劝导;社区低碳生活；户外徒步安全 语法填空专题微练（祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型） Passage 1 【新情境·校园文明劝导】 1 _______ (keep) quiet while reading in the library, or you will disturb other readers. 2 ______ there any quiet corners left for us to review our lessons these days? Look around. 3 ______wonderful a place this library is for students to study! There 4 ______ (be) a row of new desks near the window for anyone who needs extra space. Books must 5 ______(return) to their original places after reading by all students. 【答案】1. Keep 2. Are 3. How 4. are 5. be returned 【导语】本文围绕图书馆文明阅读展开，提醒同学们保持安静、有序归置书籍，介绍图书馆良好的学习环境。 【详解】 1. 考查祈使句。“祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 固定结构，句首用动词原形，首字母大写，填 Keep。 2.考查一般疑问句 + There be 句型。there be 变疑问将 be 提前，主语 corners 为复数，一般现在时填 Are。 3. 考查How 引导感叹句。中心词是形容词 wonderful，结构 How + adj. + 主语 + 谓语。 4. 考查There be 主谓一致。主语 a row of new desks 为复数含义，用 are。 5. 考查被动语态。主语 books 和 return 是被动关系，结合图书馆规则，用情态动词 must+be done。 Passage 2 【新情境·社区低碳生活】 6 ______ (not waste) clean water when you wash vegetables at home. 7 ______ can we do to cut down daily household waste? There 8 ______ (be) plenty of easy green habits worth 9 ______(develop) in our daily life. 10 ______ useful these small environmental tips are for every family! 【答案】6. Don’t waste 7. What 8. are 9. developing 10. How 【导语】文章倡导社区低碳生活，介绍简单可行的环保习惯，呼吁居民节约用水、减少生活垃圾。 【详解】 6. 考查否定祈使句。否定祈使句结构 Don’t + 动词原形，句首首字母大写。 7. 考查特殊疑问句。疑问词在句中作 do 的宾语，指代事物，用 What。 8. 考查There be 主谓一致。plenty of easy green habits 为复数主语，填 are。 9. 考查非谓语固定搭配。be worth doing 值得做某事，填动名词 developing。 10. 考查How 引导感叹句，修饰形容词 useful。 Passage 3 【新情境·户外徒步安全】 11 ______ (pay) attention to the road signs along the mountain path, will you? 12 ______amazing views we can enjoy on the top of the mountain! There 13 ______ (be) a small wooden shelter for hikers to rest last year. 14 ______we bring enough water and food before setting off? All equipment should 15 ______ (check) carefully before we start hiking. 【答案】11. Pay 12. What 13. was 14. Shall 15. be checked 【导语】本篇讲解户外徒步安全须知，提醒游客留意路标、备足物资，山顶风景优美，山间设有休息庇护所。 【详解】 11. 考查祈使句 + 反义疑问句。祈使句以动词原形开头，首字母大写，附加疑问尾句 will you。 12. 考查What 引导感叹句。中心词为复数名词 views，结构 What + adj. + 复数名词 + 主谓。 13. 考查There be 一般过去时。时间状语 last year 提示过去时，单数 a small wooden shelter 搭配 was。 14. 考查Shall 引导提议类一般疑问句，shall 用于第一人称提出建议，句首大写。 15. 考查含情态动词的被动语态。equipment 和 check 构成被动，表建议用 should be checked。 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：祈使句、感叹句、there be句式 Passage 1 【来源】上海市杨浦区控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试卷 Coral Cultures Studying corals usually requires either observing them alive in the ocean or examining their dead tissue in a laboratory. But new research offers a way to keep all coral cell types alive in a lab cultures for two weeks or 31 (long), opening novel experimental possibilities. The cells of cnidarians (a group that includes corals and sea anemones) are notoriously difficult 32 (culture). These cells 33 (easily damage) during extraction, and corals also have complex microbiomes (微生物群) that are tricky to wipe out with antibiotics. But 34 left alive, the microbes often take over cell cultures. Many cnidarians are both endangered and critical for marine ecosystem health. “We need to do more than just document 35 death,” says University of Miami marine biologist Nikki Traylor-Knowles, who is senior author on a new study in Scientific Reports. In it, her team details how to reduce a coral to its constituent cells and then grow them all together — like 36 (cultivate) the animal on a plate. The researchers made slight changes to a standard growth medium (made of seawater, chemicals and antibiotics) to reach optimal formulas for two different cnidarian species. These formulas let all the 37 (test) species’ cell types grow at once, without microbes or extraneous (无关的) tissues. The new methodology will bring unparalleled visibility into how cell types interact, Traylor-Knowles says, and it will allow for higher-volume experiments without raising or killing whole animals. Scientists do not yet understand all cnidarian cell types, 38 their functions. These cultures could show how different cells respond to stressors, 39 types are most vulnerable to health failures, and possibly where cnidarians get their impressive regenerative abilities. The study is groundbreaking, says molecular biologist Juris Grasis of the University of California, Merced, who was not involved with the paper but also studies cnidarians. He says he was “jealous as hell” when he saw the result. Some cell populations survived for as long as 30 days, he notes, 40 implies the possibility of scaling up cell reproduction for future research. Next up, Grasis says: “How do we translate this back into the field and make corals healthy again?” 【答案】 31．longer 32．to culture 33．are easily damaged 34．if 35．their 36．cultivating 37．tested 38．nor 39．which 40．which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一项突破性的科学研究，该研究成功地在实验室中培养出了所有类型的珊瑚细胞，为海洋生物学研究开辟了新的可能性。 31．考查形容词比较级。句意：但新的研究提供了一种方法，可以在实验室培养中让所有珊瑚细胞类型存活两周或更长时间，从而开启新的实验可能性。根据“keep all coral cell types alive”及“two weeks or”可知，此处表示“更长的时间”，应用形容词比较级longer。故填longer。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，刺胞动物(包括珊瑚和海葵的一类生物)的细胞难以培养。be difficult to do sth.是固定结构，意为“做某事有困难”，此处用动词不定式的主动形式to culture表达被动含义。故填to culture。 33．考查动词时态语态。句意：这些细胞在提取过程中很容易受损，而且珊瑚还有复杂的微生物群，用抗生素很难清除。根据“are”及“have”可知，此处描述客观事实，cells与damage是动宾关系，主语cells是复数，应用一般现在时的被动语态are easily damaged。故填are easily damaged。 34．考查连词。句意：但如果让它们存活下来，微生物往往会接管细胞培养。根据“left alive”及“take over cell cultures”可知，此处表条件，应用连词if，引导状语从句，且从句省略主语和be动词，完整形式为“if they are left alive”。故填if。 35．考查代词。句意：迈阿密大学的海洋生物学家Nikki Traylor-Knowles说：“我们需要做的不仅仅是记录它们的死亡。”此处指代前文提到的Many cnidarians，修饰名词death，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这项研究中，她的团队详细介绍了如何将珊瑚分解成其组成细胞，然后将它们全部培养在一起，就像在培养皿中培养动物一样。根据空前介词like可知，应用动名词cultivating，作宾语。故填cultivating。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些配方让所有被测试物种的细胞类型同时生长，没有微生物或无关组织。species与test是动宾关系，此空应是过去分词tested作定语，表示“被测试的”。故填tested。 38．考查连词。句意：科学家们还不了解所有的刺胞动物细胞类型，也不了解它们的功能。空处表示“也不”，应用连词nor。故填nor。 39．考查宾语从句。句意：这些培养物可以显示不同的细胞如何对应激源做出反应，哪些类型最容易受到健康问题的影响，以及刺胞动物可能从哪里获得其令人惊叹的再生能力。此处引导宾语从句，且空处在从句中作定语修饰名词types，表示“哪些”，上文限定了范围“all cnidarian cell types”，应用which。故填which。 40．考查定语从句。句意：他指出，一些细胞群存活了长达30天，这意味着有可能为未来的研究扩大细胞繁殖。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷 Do women make for better endurance athletes than men? You only need to think of any marathon you’ve watched to assume that men tend to outperform women in sport. But an interesting recent review 41 (publish) in the journal Sports Medicine has triggered the discussion. It highlighted that the male-female performance gap in ultra-endurance competitions (events typically more than six hours) is as low as 4 percent, 42 it’s around 10 percent in traditional endurance sport. And the difference seems to reduce the longer the event becomes, to the point that women even outperform men when 43 comes to events like ultra-distance swimming. Just look at the finishing times for the 45.8 km Manhattan Island marathon swim. On average over the past 30 years, the best women 44 (be) 12 to 14 percent faster than the best men. There are lots of theories as to 45 women might make better ultra-endurance athletes. If we look at the physiology, men tend 46 (have) more type II muscle fibers, which are good for high power output sports such as sprinting (短跑). Women have more type I muscle fibers, which produce less force but are more resistant to exhaustion — ideal for ultra-endurance events. Another theory is that women are better than men at burning fat for fuel and so they have spare essential carbohydrate (碳水化合物) stores. This would mean they’re 47 (likely) to hit ‘the wall’ in a race. Other studies show that women are more likely to keep a consistent pace, 48 going too hard too soon.     Sports psychologists have also suggested that women are generally better at bearing pain, reframing feelings such as exhaustion and enjoying the process rather than worrying about the outcome, all of 49 might lead to a better performance. As persuasive as these theories are, it’s difficult to be certain. Ultra-endurance events are niche (小众项目) and the small numbers of women 50 (participate) make it challenging to draw conclusions, and it’s rare to find direct comparisons with men. Hopefully this will change over time. 【答案】 41．published 42．while 43．it 44．have been 45．why 46．to have 47．less likely 48．instead of/rather than 49．which 50．participating 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨超耐力运动中女性表现不输甚至优于男性的现象，分析生理、体能及心理等方面的原因，也指出研究存在的局限性。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：但最近发表在《运动医学》期刊上的一篇有趣的综述引发了这一讨论。此处为非谓语动词作定语，a review与publish为被动关系，用过去分词published作后置定语。故填published。 42．考查连词。句意：该综述强调，在超耐力比赛（通常耗时六小时以上的赛事）中，男女选手的成绩差距低至4%，而在传统耐力运动中这一差距约为10%。此处表前后两种情况的对比，用连词while，意为“然而”。故填while。 43．考查代词。句意：而且赛事时长越长，这一差距似乎就越小，以至于在超远距离游泳这类赛事中，女性的表现甚至优于男性。此处为固定句型when it comes to...，意为“当谈到……，涉及……时”，用代词it。故填it。 44．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去30年里，平均而言，女子最佳选手的成绩比男子最佳选手快12%到14%。根据时间状语over the past 30 years可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的情况，用现在完成时，主语the best women为复数，助动词用have。故填have been。 45．考查宾语从句。句意：关于为何女性可能成为更优秀的超耐力运动员，有很多相关理论。此处引导宾语从句，作as to的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意，此处缺少原因状语，表“为什么”，用连接副词why。故填why。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：从生理结构来看，男性往往拥有更多的II型肌纤维，这类肌纤维适合短跑等高强度爆发力的运动。此处为固定搭配tend to do sth.，意为“往往会做某事，倾向于做某事”，用动词不定式to have。故填to have。 47．考查形容词比较级。句意：这意味着她们在比赛中更不容易遭遇“撞墙期”。根据前文女性更擅长以脂肪为能量来源，保留碳水化合物储备的内容可知，此处表“更不可能的”，用likely的比较级less likely。故填less likely。 48．考查固定搭配。句意：其他研究表明，女性更有可能保持稳定的配速，而不会一开始就用力过猛。结合句意，此处表“而不是”，后接动名词going，用instead of/rather than。故填instead of/ rather than。 49．考查定语从句。句意：运动心理学家还表示，女性通常更能忍受疼痛，能重新看待疲惫等感受，更享受过程而非担忧结果，这些因素都可能让她们取得更好的成绩。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子提到的内容，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意：超耐力赛事属于小众项目，参与的女性人数较少，这使得得出结论颇具难度，也很难找到与男性的直接对比数据。此处为非谓语动词作定语，women与participate为主动关系，用现在分词participating作后置定语。故填participating。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第12讲 祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、There be句型 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 考查考查祈使句、疑问句的用法 1．Take 2．Find 3．and 4．get 5．and 6．consider 7．will be delivered 8．will you 9．Which 10．Take 考向02 考查感叹句、There be句型的用法 11．What 12．What   13．What 14．what 15．What 16．goes 17．is 18．are 19．to be 20．There 考向03 考查四类句式在句子翻译中的运用 21．When was the last time something important slipped your mind? 22．Please make up your mind as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good/golden opportunity. 23．For a devoted teacher, there is nothing more rewarding than seeing students make progress. 24．What a pleasant trip we have had! 25．Since there is none/no one in the badminton stadium, how come the lights are still on? 26．Please sign up at our club office before next Friday. 27．To her relief, after a night of storm, there was still a leaf clinging tightly to the wall. 28．Although there is no shortage of effective learning methods, students still need to reflect on their own learning approaches and habits. 29．In recent years, there have been many digital libraries, saving the space needed to store books. 30．In the digital age, how can we make classical literature appeal to students? 31．I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by accident/mistake, and is it possible to withdraw it? 32．How I wish I hadn’t missed the wonderful lecture yesterday! 33．Don’t leave the children alone/unattended/unaccompanied near the swimming pool, will you? 34．When operating the machine, make sure that you carefully follow the instructions. 35．How envious everyone will be when I come back and tell them about all those amazing places I’ve visited! 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 【答案】1. Keep 2. Are 3. How 4. are 5. be returned Passage 2 【答案】6. Don’t waste 7. What 8. are 9. developing 10. How Passage 3 【答案】11. Pay 12. What 13. was 14. Shall 15. be checked 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 31．longer 32．to culture 33．are easily damaged 34．if 35．their 36．cultivating 37．tested 38．nor 39．which 40．which Passage 2 41．published 42．while 43．it 44．have been 45．why 46．to have 47．less likely 48．instead of/rather than 49．which 50．participating 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $