UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES-【优学精研】2027年高考英语一轮总复习教用Word（人教版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心考点，整合阅读词汇、多义单词、核心句型及写作技能，按“基础积累—考点突破—综合应用”逻辑架构知识体系，通过清单梳理、微技能指导、真题演练等环节，帮助学生系统构建语言知识网络，突破词汇辨析、句型运用等难点。 资料创新采用“词汇—句型—语篇”三阶训练法，如应用文增分练中引导学生用单元词汇写美句并连篇，培养语言能力；读后续写微技能积累哭泣动作细节描写，提升思维品质。设置分层练习与即时反馈，助力学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

单元知识 必备清单 Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认 1.dilemma n.　　　　进退两难的境地；困境 2.moral dilemma 　　道德困境 3.entrust vt.　　委托；交付 4.tuition n.　　（小组）教学；讲课 5.tuition fees 　　学费 6.physician n.　　医师；（尤指）内科医生 7.resident physician 　　住院医师 8.colleague n.　　同事；同僚 9.faraway adj.　　遥远的 10.kindergarten n.　　学前班；幼儿园 11.café n.　　咖啡馆；小餐馆 12.waitress n.　　女服务员；女侍者 13.pregnant adj.　　怀孕的；妊娠的 14.disguise vt.　　装扮；假扮；掩盖 n.　　伪装；化装用具 15.spill vt.& vi.　　（使）洒出；（使）溢出 16.might n.　　力量；威力 17.fable n.　　寓言；寓言故事；无稽之谈 v.　　虚构 18.per prep.　　每；每一 Ⅱ.多义单词——我会辨 1.faint vi.　　昏倒；晕厥 adj.　　不清楚的；微弱的；可能性不大的 2.illustrate vt.　　说明；阐明；给……加插图 3.pole n.　　（行星的）极；地极；柱子；杆 4.lap n.　　（坐着时的）大腿部；（跑道等的）一圈 5.chain n.　　一连串（人或事）；链子 vt.　　用锁链拴住 6.court n.　　（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭；庭院 Ⅲ.核心单词——我会写 1.virtue n.　　高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2.fee n.　　专业服务费；报酬 3.union n.　　协会；联合会；工会 4.hire vt.　　聘任；雇用；租用 n.　　租用 5.clinic n.　　诊所；门诊部 6.decade n.　　十年；十年期 7.elsewhere adv.　　在别处；去别处 8.staff n.　　员工；全体职员 9.principle n.　　道德原则；法则；原则 10.passive adj.　　被动的；顺从的 11.whisper vi.& vt.　　悄声说；耳语；低语 n.　　耳语（声）；低语（声）；谣传 12.midnight n.　　子夜；午夜 13.bite vt.& vi.　　咬；叮；蜇 n.　　咬；（咬下的）一口；咬伤 14.lip n.　　嘴唇 15.chairman n.　　主席；主持人；董事长 16.limp vi.　　跛行；一瘸一拐地走 17.tear n.　　眼泪；泪水 v.　　撕裂；撕开 18.despair n.　　绝望 vi.　　绝望；感到无望 19.income n.　　收入；收益 20.therefore adv.　　因此；所以 Ⅳ.拓展词汇——我会拓 1.moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n.品行；道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的→morally adv.道德上；确实地 2.precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的→preciousness n.珍贵；宝贵 3.marriage n.结婚；婚姻→marry v.（和某人）结婚；嫁；娶→married adj.已婚的 4.majority n.大部分；大多数；多数票→major adj.主要的；重要的 n.专业 vi.主修→minority n.少数；少数派 5.complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨 6.scholarship n.奖学金→scholar n.学者；奖学金获得者 7.reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n.拒绝接受；否决 8.appoint vt.任命；委派；安排；确定→appointment n.任命；约定→appointed adj.约定的；指定的 9.elect vt.选举；推选→election n.选举；推选；当选→elected adj.当选的 10.tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n.倾向；偏好 11.publish vt.发表（作品）；出版→publication n.出版；发表→publisher n.出版人；发行人→publishing n.出版（业）；发行（业）→unpublished adj.未出版的；未发表的 12.retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的 13.saving n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.] 储蓄金；存款→save vt.储蓄；攒钱；节约→saver n.储户；有助于节省的事物 14.scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓；害怕→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.令人害怕的 15.sharp adj.急剧的；锋利的；明显的；敏锐的；敏捷的；尖锐的；严厉的；急转的→sharply adv.急剧地；尖刻地→sharpen vt.（使）变锋利；使尖锐；（使）提高，改善 16.energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energetically adv.精力充沛地→energy n.精力；干劲；能源；能；能量→energise v.使充满热情；给（某人）增添能量 17.replace vt.接替；取代；更换；替换；把……放回原处→replacement n.取代；代替；替代品 18.insurance n.保险；保险业→insure vt.& vi.给……投保；给……保险 19.respond vt.回答；回复vi.作出反应；回应→response n.反应；回答；回复→responsive adj.反应敏捷的；反应热烈的 20.accident n.事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的→accidentally adv.意外地 21.operation n.手术；企业；经营→operate v.动手术；操作；经营；运转→operator n.操作员 22.import n.进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进→export n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播 23.assist vt.帮助；援助；促进→assistant n.助手；助理 adj.助理的；副的→assistance n.帮助 24.memory n.记忆力；回忆→memorise vt.记忆；记住→memorable adj.难忘的；值得纪念的 25.harm n.& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 26.flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n.灵活 Ⅴ.重点短语——我会记 1.carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 2.tend to do sth 　　易于做某事；往往会发生某事 3.first aid　　急救 4.pass away　　去世 5.in memory of　　作为对……的纪念（近义：in honour of） 6.trip over　　被……绊倒 7.in tears　　流着泪；含着泪 8.in despair　　处于绝望中 9.a great deal （of） 　　大量（近义：a large quantity of） 10.care for 　　照顾；喜欢 Ⅵ.单元佳句——我会用 1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life.　（“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义） 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。 2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.　（动词不定式短语作后置定语） 她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。 3.The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.　（无灵主语句） 中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。 4.After a while，a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head.　（独立主格） 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 高考高分 提升密码 Ⅰ.高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法 构词法 后缀-ic/-（a）tic 表示“属于……的，具有……性质的” 写出下列蓝体词的词性和含义 1.In the 18th and 19th centuries， wealthy people travelled and collected plants， historic objects and works of art.　　adj.有历史意义的　 2.Trip includes round-trip air tickets， hotel stay for two nights， and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.　　adj.地理的　 3.The underestimation was systematic： When adding two numbers， the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two， and then added only a fraction （小部分） of the smaller number to it.　　adj.系统性的　 4.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds， VOCs for short.　　adj.有机的　 Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考 1.exceed vt.超过；超越（限制）；超出 ①exceed expectations　　超出预期 ②exceed the budget　　超出预算 ③exceed the speed limit　　超速 ④exceed a deadline　　超过截止日期 The study found that air pollution levels in some cities exceeded the WHO safety limits by more than 10 times. 研究显示，部分城市的空气污染水平超出世界卫生组织安全限值10倍以上。 2.fable n.寓言；传说；谎言 v.虚构 ①Aesop’s fables　　伊索寓言 ②a fable about ...　　关于……的寓言 ③fable teaches that ...　　寓言教导我们…… The story concludes by stating the moral of the fable： “Slow and steady wins the race.” 这个故事的结尾点明了这则寓言的寓意：“稳扎稳打，无往不胜。” 核心知识 点面突破 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 练通 单句语法填空 ①Greatly surprised by her 　response　 （respond） to what happened just now， I left with a mixture of gratitude， humility， respect and shame. 写美 一句多译 ②他眼里含着后悔的泪水回答我说：“我再也不会那样做了。”　（神情描写） →“I will never do that again，” he 　responded to me with tears of regret in his eyes　.（respond） →“I will never do that again，” he 　made a response to me with tears of regret in his eyes　.（response） （1）respond to　　 　对……做出回应；答复 （2）response n.　　反应；回答；回复 in response to　　对……的答复 make a/no response to 　　对……做出回应/不予回答 佳句 I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”.　（建议信） 我写信是为了回应你上一封信，在信中你要我就如何策划一个以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动提供建议。 appoint vt.任命；委派；安排 练通 单句语法填空 ①I have something urgent to handle， therefore， I have to cancel the 　appointment　 （appoint） with you， but I will appoint my brother 　to pick　 （pick） you up at the airport. 写美 微写作 ②很抱歉我不能陪你去书店，因为我已经预约了牙医。　（道歉信） I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore，　for I have made an appointment with my dentist　. （1）appoint sb as/to be ...　　 任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth　　委派某人做某事 （2）appointment n.　　任命；约会 make an appointment with sb　　与某人约会 keep/break an appointment　　守约/违约 （3）appointed adj.　　约定的；指定的 佳句 Learning that he was appointed as head of the team， he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house.　（动作描写） 他在得知自己被任命为队长后，难掩激动之情，手舞足蹈地进了屋。 tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 练通 单句语法填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend 　to be　 （be） healthier， better adjusted and better at dealing with stress. ②As a Senior 3 student， it is normal that you have a tendency 　to get　 （get） anxious. 写美 微写作 ③我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。　（感谢信） I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang 　who tended my mother in the hospital　. （1）tend to do sth　　　　　　易于做某事；往往会发生某事 （2）tendency n.　　倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth　　有做某事的倾向 佳句 During traditional festivals，Chinese people tend to gather with their families，sharing delicious food and stories.　（节日介绍） 在传统节日期间，中国人往往与家人团聚，共享美食和故事。 联想 “照顾某人”短语荟萃 ①care for sb　　　②look after sb ③take care of sb　　④attend （to） sb scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 练通 单句语法填空 ①（2025·北京卷）I sometimes call him back， worried that he might have someone 　scared　 （scare）. ②It was so 　scary　 （scare） a moment that my heart was hammering in my chest.　（心理描写） 写美 微写作 ③意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那阴沉的脸色。　（心理描写） Having realised my mistake， I bowed my head timidly， 　scared to look at my father’s cloudy face　. （1）scare sb into doing sth　恐吓某人做某事 （2）scared adj.　　害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 be scared to do sth　　害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth　　害怕某人/某事 be scared to death　　吓得要死 （3）scary adj.　　吓人的；恐怖的 佳句 When I realised that the bear was coming back to attack us， I was nearly scared to death.　（心理描写） 当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。 assist vt.帮助；援助；协助 练通 单句语法填空 ①（2023·3月天津卷）Whether it’s helping classmates with their studies， 　assisting　 （assist） a teacher with classroom duties， or volunteering for community services， Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand. ②（2025·全国二卷）Should you require any 　assistance　 （assist） or materials， please don’t hesitate to contact me. 写美 微写作 ③在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。 　With the assistance of their father　， the twins made it， their faces brimming with happy smiles. （1）　帮助某人做某事 assist sb with sth　　帮助某人某事 （2）assistance n.　　帮助；协助 with the assistance of　　在……的帮助下 come to one’s assistance　　帮某人的忙 （3）assistant n.　　助手，售货员 佳句 I hope you can assist the students to learn more about England and Western cultures， which can increase understanding and help build good relationships between us. 我希望你能帮助学生更多地了解英国和西方文化，这能增进我们的理解并有助于我们之间建立良好的关系。 replace vt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处 练通 单句语法填空 ①The worries and stresses of everyday life faded away， 　replaced　 （replace） by a sense of peace. 写美 微写作 ②喜欢其他文化并向其学习是件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。 It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them， but they can never 　replace/take the place of your own culture　. （1）replace sth with/by sth　用……替换…… replace ...as ...　　取代……而成为…… （2）　　代替 佳句 I replaced him as the leading role in the school drama， which came as a big shock to the class. 我代替他成为学校戏剧中的主角，这让全班同学大为震惊。 点津 in place of 不可单独作谓语。 tear n.眼泪；泪水 vt.撕碎，撕裂；撕掉，扯掉 佳句背诵 ①He tore his clothes off and dived into the lake. 他把衣服从身上扯下，一头扎进湖中。 ②I tore open the envelope and studied the requirements， but it wasn’t long before sadness tore me into pieces. 我撕开信封并研究了一下要求，但没过多久，我就难过得要崩溃了。 靓句写作 When the team won the championship， the coach’s eyes 　were filled with tears of pride　. 当球队赢得冠军时，教练的眼里满是自豪的泪水。 敲黑板 ①tear one’s heart （out）/tear at one’s heart 使某人伤心 ②tear oneself/one’s eyes away from 依依不舍地离开/把目光从……移开 句型公式：“否定词＋形容词比较级”表达最高级含义 教材原句：To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust ... 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么拒绝这种信任呢…… 写美 微写作 ①我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐！ I 　have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one　！ ②我深信没人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你的了。　（推荐信） I hold the strong belief that 　nobody is more suitable to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor　. ③和长辈说话时，再礼貌也不为过。 When talking with the elderly， you 　can’t be too polite/polite enough　. 表达最高级含义的特殊结构： （1）比较级与否定词连用，表示“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no， not， never， nothing， nobody， hardly等。 （2）can/could＋never/not＋ ...＋形容词＋enough 佳句 To us， nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble.　（主旨升华） 对我们来说，没有什么比向身处困境中的人们传递善意更重要的了。 句型公式：无灵主语句 教材原句：The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。 写美 微写作 ①令我惊讶的是，冈特毫不犹豫地写下他的电话号码并给了我。一股感激之情涌上我的心头。　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷） To my surprise， Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me.　A feeling of gratitude washed over me　. ②2025年见证了人工智能技术在多个行业的快速发展。 　The year 2025 witnessed the rapid development of AI technology　 in many industries. （1）see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。 （2）find、witness、experience、wash等词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的修辞手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。 佳句 Unfortunately， as economy advances， recent years have seen the oceans being polluted seriously.　（环境保护） 不幸的是，随着经济的发展，近年来海洋受到了严重污染。 高效迁移 微点练全 一词多义/熟词生义 1.sharp adj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的；敏锐的；尖刻的；剧烈的；急转的 adv.（……点）整 ①He exposed his sharp teeth， glaring at us as he ran forward.　　adj.锋利的　 ②Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age.　　adj.敏锐的　 ③After running for an hour， she felt a sharp pain in her leg， which forced her to stop and rest for a while.　　adj.剧烈的　 ④She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp this morning.　　adv.（……点）整　 ⑤All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear.　　adj.明显的　 ⑥The road ahead has a sharp turn， so drivers need to slow down and be cautious to avoid accidents.　　adj.急转的　 2.faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 n.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的；可能性不大的 ①We heard a faint cry for help from the distance， so we immediately called the police.　　adj.微弱的　 ②There is still a faint hope that she may be cured.　　adj.可能性不大的　 ③When she heard the bad news about her father， she felt her legs go weak and fainted on the spot.　　vi.昏倒；晕厥　 ④The sudden faint scared her family， so they took her to the hospital for a full check-up.　　n.昏倒；晕厥　 3.Following the earthquake， a large-scale rescue operation was launched.　　n.行动　 4.The old man sat by the pond， feeding the fish bread and watching as they lapped at the surface.　　v.拍打　 5.The dog was chained to the leg of the one solid garden seat.　　vt.用锁链拴住　 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.The moment the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced 　by/with　 a serious one. 2.Maggie， with her big， 　scared　 （scare） eyes， expressed her gratitude to them in a barely audible voice. 3.Hard though it is， 　there is nothing as valuable as the sense of achievement you get from challenging yourself　 （没有什么比通过挑战自己所获得的成就感更珍贵的了）. 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.（2024·1月浙江卷）The chief 　complaint　 （complain） about online courses is that they lack human interaction. 2.（2023·全国乙卷）Four years later， she was the first African American woman 　to receive　 （receive） a medical degree. 3.These days， breaking traffic rules and littering are common， 　causing serious harm to life and the environment　 （对生活和环境造成严重危害）.　（倡议书） 4.Despite difficulties， she believed her determination and hard work would 　carry her through tough times　 （会帮助她渡过难关）.　（主旨升华） 5.The people around started whispering， 　their eyes filled with admiration　 （眼里满是钦佩）.（独立主格结构） 　应用文增分练——值得尊敬和爱戴的人物介绍 　　你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 　　（1）人物简介； 　　（2）尊敬和爱戴的原因。 第一步　根据单元知识写美句 1.说到我最尊敬的人，第一个浮现在我脑海里的便是我的英语老师——王老师。（动词不定式作后置定语） 　When it comes to the person I respect most， the first one to come into my mind is my English teacher Miss Wang.　 2.她是一位热心、敬业的老师，把我们当作她的孩子一样照顾和教导。（定语从句；tend） 　She is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher， who tends and instructs us as if we were her children.　 3.她有着灵活的教学方法。当我在英语学习中遇到问题时，她会耐心地倾听我，细心地解释这些问题，并帮助我克服困难。（flexible； 分词作状语） 　She has a flexible teaching method.When I encounter problems in English learning， she listens to me patiently and explains them carefully， helping me overcome the difficulties.　 4.作为十几岁的学生，我们有时候会陷入迷茫和绝望之中。（where引导定语从句；in despair） 　As teenage students， we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair.　 5.每当我们遇到困难时，总是她帮助我们度过这段艰难时期。（强调句；carry sb through） 　Whenever we are in trouble， it is always she who carries us through the tough period.　 6.她赢得了我们所有学生的尊敬，在我们心中她是最美的老师。（否定词＋比较级） 　She has won great respect from all of us students and in our mind， no one is more beautiful than her.　 第二步　连句成篇创佳作 　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。 The Person I Respect 　　　When it comes to the person I respect most， the first one to come into my mind is my English teacher Miss Wang.Firstly， she is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher， who tends and instructs us as if we were her children.Additionally， she has a flexible teaching method.When I encounter problems in English learning， she listens to me patiently and explains them carefully， helping me overcome the difficulties.Furthermore， as teenage students， we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair.Whenever we are in trouble， it is always she who carries us through the tough period.Therefore， she has won great respect from all of us students and in our mind， no one is more beautiful than her.　 　读后续写微技能——悲痛中寻找未来之光 积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接 词汇积累 人物描写：faint；moral；virtue；precious；energetic；pregnant；flexible；appoint；elect；pass away；assist；marriage；hire；physician；retire；lap；lip；waitress；income 情感描写：dilemma；complain；passive；scared；sharp；in memory of；in tears；in despair；tension 动作描写：illustrate；entrust；carry sb through sth；respond；reject；tend；publish；replace；whisper；bite；disguise；spill；trip over；harm 佳句积累 人物描写：As a five-year-old girl， Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death.At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to work and study. 动作描写：Early one morning， the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched. 哲理感悟：Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems. 情感描写：The king was in despair. 拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石 动作细节描写：哭泣、流泪（一） 经典词汇 1.sigh v.叹息 2.weep v.哭泣 3.moan v.呻吟 4.water v.流泪 5.mourn v.哀悼　　 6.screech v.尖叫 7.howl v.嚎啕大哭 8.choke v.哽咽着说 9.watery-eyed adj.泪眼汪汪的 靓点语块 1.be/get choked up哽咽 2.be reduced to tears落泪 3.be close/near to tears要哭了 4.blink back tears眨眼忍住泪水 5.eyes cloud with tears泪眼模糊 6.in a choked voice用哽咽的声音 7.with a lump in one’s throat喉咙哽咽　　 8.tears welled up in one’s eyes热泪盈眶 9.be filled with tears/be full of tears热泪盈眶 10.hold/fight/choke/force back tears强忍住泪水 11.tears sprang/rose to one’s eyes眼里一下子涌出泪水 12.one’s voice thick with emotion激动得连声音都嘶哑了 出彩佳句 1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes， and begged me to help her.（with复合结构） 简眼含泪水转向我，并恳求我帮助她。 2.When her son finally returned home after three years of studying abroad， her eyes clouded with tears. 当儿子出国留学三年后终于回到家时，她泪眼模糊 。 3.The survivor described the disaster in a choked voice， pausing several times to hold back tears. 幸存者哽咽着描述那场灾难，好几次停下来强忍住眼泪。 4.When he read the letter his mother had written， he had a lump in his throat， unable to hold back his tears.当他读着母亲写的信时，喉咙哽咽，再也忍不住眼泪。 5.He stood there， tears streaming down his face， as he watched the last moments of the sunset， a symbol of the end of their journey together.（独立主格结构） 他站在那里，泪流满面，看着象征着他们共同旅程结束的日落的最后时刻。 重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升 　　场景导入：祖父的去世让杰克痛苦不已，但他决定擦去眼泪，继续前行。 　　As the news of his grandfather’s passing away reached him， Jack was struck with a sense of deep sorrow.His grandfather， who had just retired from the job， was a figure of great inspiration to him.Jack remembered the good times they had shared.In memory of those precious moments， he 1.　couldn’t hold back his emotions　 （无法抑制自己的情绪） any longer and 2.　burst into tears/out crying　 （突然大哭起来）.His body trembled faintly as he 3.　wept with his face buried in his hands　 （双手掩面哭泣；with复合结构）.For a while， he felt completely in despair，4.　as if the world had lost its color　 （仿佛世界失去了色彩；as if引导方式状语从句）.But gradually， he realized that his grandfather would have wanted him to carry on.With a deep breath， he 5.　wiped away his tears　 （擦去他的眼泪） and determined to face the future. 　　（2025·全国二卷，阅读B）Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford （LPCH）.“Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher，” says Ho.“People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do， but that’s not really what it is here.” 　　“Here” is room 386， where each year， about 500 LPCH patients also become students.The hospital school is free of parents， doctors， and medical procedures.It’s a place of learning.About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less； others are there for more than a year.Most of Ho’s students will recover， which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. 　　Still， in room 386， academics don’t come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that， there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn，” Ho says.“I’m a coach， an adviser， and a comforter， and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” 　　There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 　　Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers （同龄人） outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems，” says Julie Good， director of pain management services at LPCH.“It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 　　 做真题——感悟命题角度 24.Who does Ho teach at LPCH？ A.Sick children.　　　 B.Young nurses. C.Medical students.　 D.Patients’ parents. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，LPCH的病人会成为学生，且绝大多数学生会康复，也就是说，Ho教的学生就是医院中生病的孩子。 25.What is a characteristic of Ho’s job？ A.Prioritizing academics.　　 B.Encouraging innovation. C.Treating various diseases.　　 D.Playing multiple roles. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中Ho所说的I’m a coach， an adviser ... a hospital teacher.可知，Ho既是教练，又是导师和安慰者。由此可知，Ho在工作中要扮演很多不同的角色。 26.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4？ A.Offering regular lessons.　　 B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork.　　 D.Showing no sympathy. 解析：C　代词指代题。根据倒数第二段中画线词所在句及其上下句可知，it指代的是老师不给孩子们任何作业，这种行为会让学生感到老师不关注他们的学业。因此it指代的是“不布置学校作业”。 27.How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good？ A.It eases peer pressure.　　 B.It helps them live in hope. C.It frees them from aches.　　 D.It entertains them with stories. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Good所说的话可知，医院学校让生病的孩子们拥有充实的生活，给他们提供了学习和成长的途径，让孩子们的梦想得以延续。由此推断，Good认为医院学校给孩子们带来的好处就是让他们能够带着希望生活。 理脉络——构建篇章思维 再利用——拓宽词句积累 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.procedure n.　　程序；（医疗）处置 2.academic n.　　学者 3.priority n.　　优先事项 4.disservice n.　　帮倒忙；伤害 5.prioritize v.　　优先考虑 （二）由文本积派生词汇 1.psychological adj.[派生] 心理的，精神上的，心理学的（psychology＋-ical） 2.increasingly adv.[派生] 越来越 （increasing＋-ly） 3.comforter n.[派生] 令人感到安慰（或慰藉）的人（或事物）（comfort＋-er） 4.assignment n.[派生] 作业，任务，分配（assign＋-ment） （三）由文本知变式运用 1.component [熟义] n.组成部分→[生义] n.　重要环节　（第二段最后一句） 2.piece [熟义] n.片，块，段→[生义] n.　部分　（第五段第二句） （四）由文本探析长难句 Most of Ho’s students will recover， which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. 分析：此处　Most of Ho’s students will recover　是主句，其后是which引导的　非限制性定语　从句，从句中包括that引导的宾语从句，其中preparing them to return to school是　动词-ing短语　作主语。 译文：　Ho的大多数学生都会康复，这意味着让他们重返学校是护理中越来越重要的一部分。　 　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2026·南昌二模）Annie Smith， 32， went into labor as floodwaters from Hurricane Harvey surrounded her apartment.With the roads underwater， the two-mile drive to the hospital was impossible.Annie and her husband， Greg， both doctors， began preparing for a home birth. 　　Greg rushed to gather supplies — scissors， sewing needles — while his mother boiled water to sterilize （消毒） them.“I’m really starting to get scared now，” Annie told Greg as the reality set in.A neighbor， checking on the Smiths， sent an email to their apartment complex’s message board asking for help.Within 30 minutes， at least 15 people showed up， including medical trainees from the complex. 　　Meanwhile， the couple had been continuously dialing 911 but never got an answer.Finally， a call to the director of Annie’s fellowship program led to action.The director’s father， who lived near a fire station， walked there to explain the situation. 　　Around noon， a rescue truck arrived.By then， the water had reached a formidable level that the vehicle couldn’t get close.The Smiths’ neighbors and firefighters formed a human chain to help Annie Smith to the back of the flatbed truck.“I held onto them one person at a time，” she said， moving on her hands and knees along their arms until she reached the ladder safely.She sat on a blanket in the truck， a shower curtain over her head， as they drove through the flood. 　　The Smiths arrived at Texas Children’s Hospital about 15 minutes later.An hour later， their daughter Adrielle was born， weighing 7 pounds， 6 ounces.The couple， exhausted but relieved， appreciated the neighbors and firemen who had come to their aid.“It was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying to help us，” Annie said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对医生夫妇在飓风洪水中，因无法到达医院而准备在家分娩，最终在邻居和消防员的帮助下成功获救并诞下女儿的感人故事。 1.Why did the Smiths at first prepare for a home birth？（　　） A.The hospital was inaccessible. B.Drivers were hard to reach. C.They were suggested by doctors. D.The emergency services were off duty. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的With the roads underwater， the two-mile drive to the hospital was impossible.可知，由于道路被水淹没，无法到达医院，所以史密斯一家最初准备在家分娩。 2.Who played a crucial role in calling the rescue truck？（　　） A.A neighbour.　 B.Greg’s mother. C.A medical trainee.　 D.The director’s father. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Finally， a call to the director of Annie’s ...walked there to explain the situation.可知，这位主任的父亲住在消防站附近，他步行到那里解释了情况。由此可知，这位主任的父亲在联系救援卡车的过程中起到了关键作用。 3.What does the underlined word “formidable” in paragraph 4 mean？（　　） A.Scary.　 B.Awesome. C.Average.　 D.Normal. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，画线单词后的同位语从句对level进行解释，说明洪水到了车辆无法靠近的程度。由此可知，洪水水位高得吓人，阻碍了车辆靠近，所以画线单词的意思与scary （可怕的）意思相近。 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？（　　） A.To record an unforgettable disaster. B.To remember the respected firemen. C.To praise the love within the community. D.To raise funds for Annie’s fellowship program. 解析：C　推理判断题。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的The couple， exhausted but relieved， appreciated the neighbors and firemen who had come to their aid.可知，这对夫妇非常感激前来帮助他们的邻居和消防员。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是赞美社区内的互助与爱心。 B 　　（2026·河北省冲刺卷）The phrase “like father， like son” suggests that children might inherit （继承） some of their personality from their parents — alongside their looks. 　　But there may be little truth in this， as a new study has found that people are only slightly more likely to share personality traits （特质） with their parents than they are with a stranger. 　　“It is impossible to accurately predict a child’s personality traits from those of their mother or father，” researchers claim.Report author Dr.Rene Mottus， from the University of Edinburgh， told the Daily Mail， “In almost every language， there is a form of the English saying ‘like father， like son’.Many people believe this and sometimes make judgements about people based on their parents.But it turns out this saying is not very accurate when it comes to personality traits — our patterns of thinking， feeling and behaving.” 　　In the study， the researchers involved 1，000 pairs of relatives， including parents and their adult children， sisters and brothers， and other pairs of family members.The participants self reported their levels of various character traits， including how neurotic （神经质的）， outgoing， careful， open and agreeable they were.These traits are referred to as “the big five” and they are often used by psychologists when conducting personality studies. 　　The pairs of relatives were also asked to report how satisfied they were with their own lives.To improve the accuracy of the results， researchers got a second opinion from an “informant （线人）” — usually the person’s partner.“Self-ratings alone are not very trustworthy， but when two people agree on someone’s traits， they must be on to something，” Dr.Mottus explained. 　　The results showed that the likelihood of inheriting personality traits and life satisfaction is around 40 per cent.This is an increase on the 25 percent that had typically been found in previous studies involving self-reporting.Statistically， this figure is still not high enough to suggest that we are any more likely to share personality traits with our parents than we are with a stranger. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，子女从父辈那里继承的特征尤其是个性方面的特征很少。 5.What does Rene Mottus think of the saying “like father， like son”？（　　） A.Reliable.　 B.Practical. C.Universal.　 D.Imprecise. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Rene Mottus认为“有其父必有其子”这种说法是不准确的。 6.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about this research？（　　） A.Its process.　 B.Its results. C.Its reason.　 D.Its participants. 解析：A　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍了这项研究的过程。 7.Why is an “informant’s” opinion adopted？（　　） A.To compare different results. B.To involve more participants. C.To confirm a participant’s traits. D.To solidify bonds between participants. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，研究人员采用参与者的搭档或朋友的观点，是为了确认参与者的个性特点。 8.What can be the best title for this text？（　　） A.Are We More Like a Stranger？ B.Is It True that Like Father， Like Son？ C.What Can We Inherit from Our Parents？ D.How Are Parental Personalities Inherited？ 解析：B　标题归纳题。根据整个文章对研究的介绍可知，本文对谚语“like father， like son”提出质疑，并用研究结果加以论证。因此B项（有其父必有其子是真的吗？）为本文的最佳标题。 C 　　（2026·湖北省调研）Surgeons often emphasize that in the event of a heart attack， time is crucial for saving heart muscle.The heart relies on a continuous supply of oxygen delivered by the heart’s blood vessels （血管）.When these vessels become blocked， the oxygen supply stops， and the heart’s muscle cells begin to die within minutes.Survivors of heart attacks frequently suffer from permanent heart failure， with a worrying statistic showing that 50% of them may not survive beyond five years.“Eventually， their hearts become so weak that they can’t sustain sufficient blood flow， and they ultimately stop，” explains Sanjay Sinha， a cardiologist at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge. 　　However， within the next five years， there could be a new alternative — to grow live， beating “heart patches （补丁）”.Sinha， along with a team of biologists at the University of Cambridge’s Stem Cell Institute， is working on this innovative approach.These heart patches are tiny， beating pieces of heart muscle.They are grown in lab dishes over a month.The process begins by taking blood cells and reprogramming them into a specific type of stem cell capable of developing into any cell type within the human body.Sinha is currently preparing to test these patches， first in mice and then in pigs.If successful， he hopes to set up a human trial within five years. 　　In the United States， scientists from Stanford University are also working on creating heart patches.They envision a future procedure where ultrasound and MRI （超声波和核磁共振） scans are used to identify damaged sections.Based on the shape of the section， a custom heart patch would be 3D printed to fit perfectly.Surgeons would then open the chest area and attach the patch directly to the heart. 　　The major challenge with this method is establishing “electrical connectivity” between the new patch and the existing heart to ensure they beat in harmony.Additionally， the cost of developing and using these patches is significant， which could impact accessibility.However， if these challenges can be overcome， Sinha is optimistic that heart patches could transform the lives of millions worldwide. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于治疗心脏病的一种新方法——培育“心脏补丁”的研究进展。 9.What is the function of paragraph 1？（　　） A.To reveal a finding. B.To offer a solution. C.To present a problem. D.To outline a research. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段通过数据揭示了当前心脏病治疗后的严峻问题，为下文介绍“心脏补丁”解决方案做铺垫。 10.What is the first step in growing heart patches？（　　） A.Launching a clinical trial in humans. B.Testing the heart patches on animals. C.Culturing heart patches in lab dishes. D.Generating stem cells from blood cells. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The process begins by ...within the human body.可知，培育心脏补丁的第一步是从血细胞中生成干细胞。 11.What is the purpose of using ultrasound and MRI scans？（　　） A.To create a 3D model of the heart. B.To locate damaged areas in the heart. C.To design the shape of the custom heart. D.To provide real-time guidance for operations. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，使用超声波和核磁共振扫描的目的是定位心脏受损部位。 12.What is the major challenge in employing heart patches？（　　） A.Promoting global accessibility. B.Reducing production costs. C.Securing functional integration. D.Finding a suitable material. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，使用心脏贴片的主要挑战是确保补丁与原有心脏的电信号同步，即功能整合。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2026·湘豫名校模拟） Things ER Doctors Would Like Everyone to Stop Doing 　　People are rushed to the hospital emergency room （ER） for all sorts of unavoidable injuries， whether they get hit by a car or injured while playing sports.Then there are the injuries and other conditions that emergency physicians treat regularly that are often preventable.13.　　 Are there especially dangerous actions we can stop doing？ What simple steps can reduce the risk of injury and serious harm？ 　　Using electric scooters， hoverboards and e-bikes without taking the necessary precautions.14.　　 People need to be aware of the potential risks and take steps to reduce harm.Always wear a helmet when riding a micromobility device， and never use one when under the influence of alcohol or drugs.Kids should be supervised （监督） when riding one. 　　15.　　 Children playing around pools， lakes， rivers or seas， even if they are small and shallow， should always be supervised by responsible adults.Giving children water safety lessons can reduce their risk of drowning. 　　Do not take unknown pills.Take only medications that have been prescribed （开处方） for you and filled at an authorized pharmacy （授权药店）.16.　　 And do not buy pills from unauthorized sellers online. 　　Texting and driving.Distracted driving is a major cause of traffic crashes， injuries and deaths.People should not do anything that requires them to take their eyes and their attention off the road.Doing so poses a danger not only to themselves and the occupants in their vehicle but also to others on the road.17.　 A.It could land them in the ER or worse. B.But they may not be obvious to the rest of us. C.Do not “borrow” any from family， friends or others. D.Never leave kids unattended around bodies of water. E.Check them and make sure they are in good condition. F.They could have obtained them from an unsafe source. G.Injuries associated with them have increased in recent years. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了急诊室医生最不希望大家做的几件事。 13.B　空前一句指出许多急诊病例可预防，B项中的they指代上文的injuries和conditions，通过But转折，引出下文对具体危险行为的讨论。 14.G　空前一句提及危险行为，G项说明其导致的伤害趋势，G项中的them指代上文的危险行为，引出下文“戴头盔、禁止酒驾”等建议。 15.D　根据下文可知，此段强调儿童在水域附近玩耍的监护问题，D项作为段落中心句直接点明核心建议，D项中的bodies of water对应下文的pools， lakes， rivers or seas， Never leave kids unattended与always be supervised形成呼应。 16.C　空前一句强调用药安全，C项补充禁止借用他人药物的内容，C项中的borrow与上文Take only medications that have been prescribed for you形成对比，进一步细化用药规范，且any指代上文的medications。 17.A　上文强调分心驾驶的危害，A项总结其后果，A项中的it指代上文的Texting and driving， land them in the ER呼应文章主题“急诊医生希望人们停止的行为”，点明最直接的危害结果。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $