第01讲 Unit 1（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材鲁教版五四学制

第01讲 Unit 1 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 语言能力目标 话题交流：能围绕“发明”话题进行口语交流，谈论发明物、发明时间及用途（如： When was the high-speed train invented?   What is it used for? ）。 语法应用：掌握一般过去时的被动语态结构（ was/were + 过去分词 ），能运用被动语态描述发明物的历史、用途与变化。 听力理解：能听懂关于发明物的对话，提取关键信息（如发明名称、来源、功能细节），并判断信息正误。 2. 思维与文化目标 能辩证分析发明对人类生活的影响，培养创新思维与批判性思维。 通过了解中外重要发明的历史，感受科技进步的魅力，增强文化自信与创新意识。 激发对发明创造的兴趣，认识到“创新改变生活”的意义。 学习重点 重点语法：一般过去时的被动语态 学习难点 一般过去时被动语态的灵活运用 区分主动语态与被动语态的用法，尤其是主语为动作承受者时，何时用被动语态。正确判断过去分词的拼写（如  invented, made, used  等），以及  was/were  与主语的单复数搭配。 1.What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter? 你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ 【详解】invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造→ inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家（人）→invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明物（事物） 【典例】用invent的正确形式填空。 Marconi _______ the radio, and he was a great ________ whose _________ changed the world. 【答案】invented; inventor; invention 【详解】句意：马可尼发明了无线电，他是一位伟大的发明家，他的这项发明改变了世界。第一空作句子谓语，由后文was可知时态为一般过去时，invent的过去式为invented；第二空形容词great后接名词，此处指人，意为“发明家”，故填inventor；第三空whose后接名词，此处指发明的物品，故填invention。 【即练】Edison was a great______ (invent), the light bulb______ (invent) by him.It is one of the most useful ______ (invent). 【答案】inventor; was invented; inventions 【详解】句意：爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家，灯泡是由他发明的，它是最实用的发明之一。第一空a great后接指人的名词，填inventor；第二空主语与invent为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，填was invented；第三空考查one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构，填inventions。 2.  Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 没错。而且得益于收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。 【详解】1区分because / because of because ：连词，引导原因状语从句，+完整句子 He likes radio because it brings news.他喜欢收音机，因为它传递消息。 because of：介词短语， + 名词/代词/doing。 World became smaller because of the radio. 因为收音机，世界变小了。 【典例】He stayed home _________ the rain. A. because B. instead of C. ahead of D. because of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：因为下雨，他待在了家里。because后接完整句子，because of后接名词/名词短语；instead of意为代替，ahead of意为在……前面。the rain为名词短语，故选D。 【即练】同义句改写 Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill. = Tom didn’t go to school yesterday____________________ 【答案】because of his illness 【详解】原句用because引导原因状语从句，改写后需用because of接名词短语作原因状语。ill对应的名词为illness，故填because of his illness。 3. It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world.它也对音乐产生了重大影响。收音机让人们能更便捷地欣赏来自世界各地艺人的音乐。 【详解】1.effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；效果 have a big effect on + 名词 对……有重大影响 The Internet has a big effect on our daily life.互联网对我们的日常生活影响很大。 1） have a great influence on Books have a great influence on kids. 书本对孩子影响深远。 2）make a big difference to The radio makes a big difference to people's life. 收音机极大改变人们生活。 2.make it + adj. + (for sb. )to do sth使得(某人)做某事…… it：形式宾语，无实义, to do：真正宾语 Computers make it convenient for us to search information.电脑方便我们查找信息 拓展：1）find it +adj.+for sb to do 发现做某事… I find it difficult for me to learn physics. 2）think it +adj.+for sb to do 认为做某事… We think it important for students to read more. 3）feel it +adj.+for sb to do 觉得做某事… She feels it boring for her to stay at home. 【典例】1.Mobile phones have a big effect ______ people. A. for B. in C. to D. on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：手机对人们影响很大。固定搭配have an effect on 对……有影响，故选D。 2. Good habits make it possible for you _________( learn) English well. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：好习惯能让你学好英语成为可能。固定句型make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事成为可能，故填to learn。 【即练1】根据汉语提示完成句子。 有些学生认为学好英语很难，但是如果你找到正确的方法，它将会对你的英语产生很大影响 Some students think____________to learn English well, but if you find the right ways, it will ___________________your English. 【答案】it difficult; have a big effect on 【详解】第一空考查句型it + 形容词 + to do sth.，表示“做某事是……的”，故填it difficult；第二空结合短语have a big effect on，意为“对……产生很大影响”，will后接动词原形，故填have a big effect on。 【即练2】He found ________ difficult to fall sleep. A. this B. him C. it D. that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他发现入睡很困难。固定结构find it + 形容词 + to do sth.，it作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的不定式，故选C。 4. Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook.智能烹饪机能做出数百种菜品。 【详解】hundreds of 数百的；成百上千的（模糊数量，不精确） 辨析：① 基数词 + hundred（单数，无s，不加of）：表确切数字 two hundred students 两百名学生 ② hundreds of（hundred加s + of）：笼统数百，模糊数量 hundreds of trees 数百棵树 拓展：thousand/million/billion 1）模糊概数（词尾+s + of） thousands of 数千的，成千上万的，millions of 数百万的， billions of 数十亿的 2） 确切数字（不加s、不加of） three thousand people 三千人， five million stars 五百万颗星星 【典例】  _________ books are on the shelf. 架子上有五百本书。 A. Five hundreds B. Five hundred C. Hundred of D. Five hundred of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：架子上有五百本书。hundred前有具体数字时，用单数形式，不加s和of；表示模糊数量时，用hundreds of。five是具体数字，故选B。 【即练】Every year, _____________ (thousand) of trees are planted in our city. 【答案】thousands 【详解】句意：我们城市每年都会栽种成千上万棵树。空格后有of，此处表示模糊数量，用固定搭配thousands of，故填thousands。 5.What can the special glasses be used for?这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？ 【详解】 be used for + 名词/doing sth：被用来做某事（表用途） Paper is used for writing. 纸被用来书写。  同义短语:be used to do sth What can the special glasses be used to do? 辨析：used to / be used to doing / be used to do 1) used to do sth过去常常做…（现在不做了）, to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形 I used to get up early.我过去常常早起（现在不起了）。 2) be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事to 是介词，后接名词/动名词doing She is used to getting up early.她习惯早起。 3) be used to do sth = be used for doing 被用来做某事（被动，表物品用途） to 不定式，加动词原形 Wood is used to make paper.木头被用来造纸。 【典例】 The machine is used for _________(make) noodles. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：这台机器是用来做面条的。固定搭配be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，介词for后接动名词形式，故填making。 【即练】Mike ________ take the bus to school,but now he ________riding to school. A. is used to, used to B. is used for, is used to C. used to, is used to D. used to, used to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克过去常常坐公交去上学，但是现在他习惯骑车去上学。used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，结合句意及用法，故选C。 6. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.按下按钮启动机器时，本不该发出这么大的噪音。 【详解】suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. 认为；推断 be supposed to do / be sth 应当做（某事）或是（某物） You are supposed to arrive on time. 你理应准时到达。 He was supposed to come, but he didn’t. 他本该来，结果没来。 【典例】 In China, people are supposed_________（shake）hands when they meet for the first time. 【答案】to shake 【详解】句意：在中国，人们第一次见面时应该握手。固定搭配be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，故填to shake。 【即练】 You aren’t _________(suppose) to smoke here. 【答案】supposed 【详解】句意：你不可以在这里吸烟。固定搭配be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，此处为否定形式aren't supposed to do，故填supposed。 7.It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。 【详解】It is believed that…人们认为……；据信…… It（形式主语）+ is believed + that从句（真正主语） It is believed that tea was invented in China.人们相信茶叶产自中国。 拓展：1）It is said that… 据说…… It is said that he will leave. 据说他要离开了。 2）It is reported that… 据报道…… It is reported that a new factory will be built. 3）It is known that… 众所周知…… It is known that the earth goes around the sun. 【典例】 It is _________ (believe) that the first paper was created by Cai Lun in ancient China. 【答案】believed 【详解】句意：人们认为古代中国的蔡伦发明了第一张纸。固定句型It is believed that... 表示“人们认为/据说……”，故填believed。 【即练】据说一台新型机器人将于下个月在科技馆展出。 _________________ a new robot will be shown in the science museum next month. 【答案】It is said that 【详解】句意：据说一台新型机器人将于下个月在科技馆展出。固定句型It is said that... 意为“据说……”，故填It is said that。 8. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.比起其他任何发明，正是它促成了信息的快速传播，而这些信息塑造了现代世界。 【详解】responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 be responsible for：引起某事，促成；对……负有责任 1）对……负有责任： You are responsible for your mistakes. 你要为自己的错误负责。 2）促成、造成、引起（坏事、结果） Smoking is responsible for many illnesses.吸烟会引发多种疾病。 名词形式：responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/责任；职责 take responsibility for… 为……承担责任 have responsibility for… 负责…… 【典例】Heavy rain was _________ the flood. A. thirsty for B. thankful to C. surprised at D. responsible for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大雨引发了这场洪水。be responsible for意为“对……负责；是……的原因”；be thirsty for渴望；be thankful to感谢；be surprised at对……感到惊讶。结合句意，故选D。 【即练】He takes ___________(responsible) for the accident. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】句意：他为这起事故负责。固定搭配take responsibility for 为……负责，此处需填名词，故填responsibility。 9. However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. 然而，它的发明者奥维尔·莱特与威尔伯·莱特当初似乎压根没想过要改变世界。 【详解】be looking to do sth 打算/力求/设法做某事（侧重谋求、计划做成） The company is looking to develop new products.这家公司力求研发新产品。 【典例】We are looking _________( cut )costs. 【答案】to cut 【详解】句意：我们正力求降低成本。固定搭配be looking to do sth. 力求/打算做某事，故填to cut。 【即练】她打算提升自己的英语水平。She ________________ improve her English. 【答案】is looking to 【详解】句意：她打算提升自己的英语水平。结合考点be looking to do sth.（打算/力求做某事），主语为she，be动词用is，故填is looking to。 10. A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一个微型摄像头被安装在眼镜前端。 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 油和盐也由机器自动添加。 Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer.：玩具、椅子、桌子，甚至房屋都可以由这台3D打印机制作。 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.1901年，人类首次跨大西洋发送无线电报文。 【详解】 被动语态 用法：主语是动作承受者，动作是谁做的不重要/不知道/不用提。 谓语动词构成： be + 及物动词过去分词 （be 助动词，随时态、人称、数变化） 常用时态被动结构： 1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + done 2. 一般过去时：was / were + done 3. 一般将来时：will be + done 4. 含情态动词：情态动词 (can/must/should…) + be + done 【典例】1. —We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们在植树节种了很多树。——这很有意义。为了有一个更加绿色的世界，更多的树应该被种植。考查被动语态。plant原形；be planted被动语态；are planted被动语态。分析语境可知，主语more trees和动词plant之间是被动关系，空格前有情态动词，be动词用原形。故选B。 2.—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I__________, I will go on time. A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 考查条件状语从句与被动语态。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语I与invite是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。故选C。 3.—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A. shows B. has shown C. is shown D. was shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出了。——哇！好消息。考查动词时态及被动语态。last month提示用一般过去时，瓷器被展出，应用被动语态。故选D。 【即练1】Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic________（create） each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea. 【答案】is created 【详解】句意：在全球范围内，每年产生3亿吨塑料，其中约10%最终流入大海。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据each year可知用一般现在时；主语plastic与create是被动关系，表示“被生产、被制造”，用一般现在时的被动语态is created。 【即练2】My father is too tired. Something should______(do) to keep him relaxed. 【答案】be done 【详解】句意：我爸爸太累了。应该做些事让他放松。考查被动语态。something与do是被动关系，应用情态动词的被动语态。故为be done 。 【即练3】AI tools ______ （use）in more fields in the future. 【答案】 will be used 【详解】句意：人工智能工具未来将在更多领域被使用。考查动词时态及被动语态。in the future提示用一般将来时，工具被使用，应用被动语态。故为 will be used。 一、根据汉语提示，音标或首字母完成单词。 1.—Can you print my homework? —Sorry, the _________( 打印机)doesn't work. 【答案】printer 【详解】此处需填写名词，printer 表示“打印机”，符合语境。 2.This factory ___________ /prəˈdjuːs/ paper. 【答案】produces 【详解】音标对应单词produce，主语this factory是单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式produces 3.—Where is your homework? — It's in this _______(文件夹). 【答案】file 【详解】结合单元词汇要求，file 为本单元对应单词，意为“文件夹；文件”，this 后接可数名词单数，故填file。 4.—May I use your ___________(电话)? — Sure. 【答案】phone/telephone 【详解】phone 和 telephone 都表示“电话”，两个单词均可作答。 5.—Where is Tom? —I s_________ he is at home. 【答案】suppose 【详解】结合首字母及句意，I suppose 为固定用法，意为“我认为、我猜想”。 6. One _________( 轮子)of my bike is broken. 【答案】wheel 【详解】wheel 意为“轮子”，one 后接可数名词单数，故填wheel。 7.—Why do people develop this industry? —It helps improve local ________( 经济)conditions. 【答案】economic 【详解】此处需要形容词修饰名词conditions，economic 表示“经济的”。 8. —What is r___________ for the big change? — The new technology. 【答案】responsible 【详解】固定搭配be responsible for 意为“是……的原因；对……负责”，结合首字母填responsible。 9.—Why is the city changing so fast? —It's because of ________(迅速的 ) development. 【答案】rapid 【详解】形容词rapid 表示“迅速的”，用来修饰名词development。 10.My father uses a __________(笔记本电脑） for work. 【答案】laptop 【详解】laptop 意为“笔记本电脑”，a 后接单数名词，故填laptop。 二、 用所给单词适当形式填空。 1. We are looking ___________( improve )our English grades this term 【答案】to improve 【详解】固定搭配be looking to do sth. 意为“打算/力求做某事”，故填to improve。 2. My hands are ___________(stick) after eating candy 【答案】sticky 【详解】此处用形容词作表语，sticky表示“黏的”，故填sticky。 3. The snack is a clever _________(create) of the chef. 【答案】creation 【详解】形容词clever后接名词，creation意为“创作物；作品”，故填creation。 4. This dress isn't ________(suit) for the party. 【答案】suitable 【详解】固定搭配be suitable for 意为“适合……”，故填suitable。 5. This room is _________(idea)for reading 【答案】ideal 【详解】形容词ideal表示“理想的,合适的”，作表语，be ideal for 意为“非常适合”，故填ideal。 6. Telephone is one of the most important__________(invent). 【答案】inventions 【详解】one of 后接可数名词复数，invention意为“发明物”，复数形式为inventions。 7. We are supposed _________( obey )school rules. 【答案】to obey 【详解】固定结构be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，故填to obey。 8.— Is your dream easy to come true? —Dreams are different from _______(real). 【答案】reality 【详解】介词from后接名词，reality表示“现实”，故填reality。 9.It is ____________(believe) that tea was invented in China. 【答案】believed 【详解】固定句型It is believed that... 意为“人们认为……”，故填believed。 10.Wood is used _________(make) paper. 【答案】to make 【详解】固定搭配be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，故填to make。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.而且因为收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。 And ____________ the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 【答案】because of 【详解】because of 后接名词短语，意为“因为”，the radio 为名词短语，符合用法。 2.全世界的人都热爱运动。 People _______________like sports. 【答案】all over the world 【详解】all over the world 表示“全世界”，作后置定语修饰people。 3.令我惊讶的是，他买了一台新笔记本电脑。 _____________, he bought a new laptop. 【答案】To my surprise 【详解】固定搭配to one's surprise 意为“令某人惊讶的是”。 4.别着急，我稍后再跟你讲这件事。 Don’t worry. I’ll tell you the story_____________. 【答案】later on 【详解】固定短语later on 意为“稍后、随后”，在句中作时间状语。 5.互联网对我们的日常生活影响很大。The Internet_____________ our daily life. 【答案】has a great effect on 【详解】固定搭配have a great effect on 表示“对……影响很大”；主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 6.这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？ What can the special glasses ______________? 【答案】be used for 【详解】固定结构be used for 意为“被用来做某事”，情态动词can后接动词原形。 7.据报道在我们城镇将要建立一家新工厂。______________that a new factory will be built in our town. 【答案】It is reported 【详解】固定句型It is reported that... 意为“据报道……”。 8. 一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前端。A mini-camera _____________ the front of the glasses. 【答案】is connected to 【详解】be connected to 表示“被连接到……”，本句使用一般现在时的被动语态。 9.所有这些事物都依靠一项发明——造纸术。 All of these things ___________ one invention—papermaking. 【答案】depend on 【详解】固定短语depend on 意为“依靠；依赖”，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。 10.相较于其他所有发明，它让信息得以快速传播，并构筑起了现代世界。 _____________all other inventions, it made information spread quickly and __________ the modern world. 【答案】Compared with；built up 【详解】compared with 意为“与……相比”；build up 表示“构建、建立”，句子为一般过去时，故填built up。四、阅读填空。 The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It 1.______ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the 2._________(high) railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 3.______ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes 4.______ (use) to keep the ground hard. 5._________, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to 6.______ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges 7.______ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and 8.______ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway 9. _________ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help 10.______ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. 【答案】答案1. connects 2. highest 3. were needed 4. were used 5. However 6. be created 7. were built 8. allow 9. has increased 10.(to) improve 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了青藏铁路，讲述其修建难题、应对办法以及它对当地发展带来的积极影响。 1.陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语It为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 connects 。 2. 由定冠词the以及in the world可知，此处用形容词最高级，故填highest。 3. 主语与动词为被动关系，结合上下文时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，用一般过去时被动语态故填were needed。 4. 主语pipes和use构成被动关系，时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，使用一般过去时被动语态，故填were used。 5前文介绍解决冻土问题的办法，此处表示转折，空后有逗号，用转折副词However。 6. have to后接动词原形，主语tunnels与create为被动关系，故用原形被动形式故填be created。 7. 主语bridges和build是被动关系，时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，采用一般过去时被动语态，故填were built。 8.and连接并列谓语，主语为复数，时态为一般现在时，谓语用动词原形故填 allow。 9. 强调动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语为单数，故用has+过去分词，故填has increased。 10故填. 固定搭配help (to) do sth.，（to）improve。 五、单项选择 1. Sharing your feelings with friends often _________ closer friendship。 A. turns into B. comes to C. leads to D. takes off 【答案】C 【解析】句意：和朋友分享感受往往会加深友谊。lead to 意为“促成、带来”；turn into 变成，come to 来到，take off 起飞、脱掉，均不符合语境。 2. His family is too poor to _________ the children's education fees. A. affect B. pay C. afford D. choose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他家太穷，负担不起孩子们的学费。afford 表示“负担得起”；affect 影响，pay 支付（后常接for），choose 选择。 3. We need to __________ to finish homework on time. A. cheer up B.speed up C. wake up D. make up 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们得加快速度，才能按时完成作业。speed up 意为“加快速度”；cheer up 振作起来，wake up 醒来，make up 编造。 4.—Are these books all useful? —________ of them are useful for me. A. Neither B. None C. Nothing D. Either 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这些书都有用吗？——对我来说一本都没用。none 指代多本书，表示“三者及以上全都不”；neither、either 用于两者，nothing 不能与of连用。 5.— How do I turn on the machine? — ________this button. A. Press B. Put C. Shut D. Get 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这台机器怎么开机？——按下这个按钮。press 表示“按压”，press the button 是固定搭配；put 放置，shut 关闭，get 得到。 6.—How many books are there? —_________ them. A.Hundreds of B. Two hundreds C. Hundred of D. Two hundreds of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——有多少本书？——数以百计。hundred 前有具体数字时，用单数且不加s和of；表泛指“数以百计”用 hundreds of，B、C、D 形式均错误。 7. You should use your own shopping bags instead of plastic bags when you go shopping. A.wooden B. metal C. plastic D. cotton 【答案】C 【解析】句意：购物时你应该使用自备购物袋，而不要用塑料袋。plastic 意为“塑料的”；wooden 木制的，metal 金属的，cotton 棉质的。 8.The mini-programme "Clear Plate" is popular among young people. It ______ to help deal with food waste. A. will design B. will be designed C. designs D. is designed 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“光盘”小程序在年轻人中很受欢迎。它是为帮助解决食物浪费问题而设计的。考查被动语态。小程序被设计，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 9.Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如今，越来越多的人在使用语言学习应用程序。考查动词时态及被动语态。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时。结合“by”可知，此处是被动语态，应用程序被人们使用。故选C。 10.Song Shoulian, the third-generation inheritor (第三代传唱人) of the tune, told reporters that the song __________ (create) in the 1940s. A. was created B. created C. creates D. is created 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这首歌创作于20世纪40年代，承载着沂蒙地区质朴而勤劳的精神内涵。根据“in the 1940s”可知，此处是一般过去时。分析句子可知，主语the song与谓语create之间是被动关系，故此处是一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选A。 11.Her wonderful performance ___________ (praise) by many people. A. is praised B. praised C. has praised D. was praised 【答案】was praised 【解析】句意：她的精彩表演受到了许多人的赞扬。根据“Her wonderful performance...by many people.”可知，表演被赞扬，用被动语态，结合语境可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用was，praise的过去分词是praised。故选D。 12.—The robots ______ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A. raced B. were racing C. race D. are racing 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——机器人们正互相竞争冲向终点线。——太激动人心了！我们的机器人要赢了。考查动词时态。根据语境可知动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选D。 13.— ______ you ever ______ Dounan Flower Market yet? —Yes. I went there last year and saw different kinds of flowers. A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D. Are; visiting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你曾经去过斗南花市吗？——去过。我去年去的，看到了各种各样的花。 考查动词时态。根据标志词“ever”（曾经）和“yet”（还、已经，用于疑问句）可知，句子需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语是you，助动词用have，visit的过去分词是visited。故选C。 14.—What's the ________of the box? — It's square. A. color B. size C. shape D. price 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这个盒子是什么形状的？——它是方形的。shape 表示“形状”；color 颜色，size 尺寸，price 价格，均不符合答语。 15.They worked hard so they ________ buy what they wanted and had a little fun. A. should B. would C. must D. could 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他们努力工作，所以他们能够买自己想要的东西，也能找点乐趣。此处表示“能够、可以”，用 could。should 应该，would 将会，must 必须，均不符合句意。故选 D。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 Unit 1 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 语言能力目标 话题交流：能围绕“发明”话题进行口语交流，谈论发明物、发明时间及用途（如： When was the high-speed train invented?   What is it used for? ）。 语法应用：掌握一般过去时的被动语态结构（ was/were + 过去分词 ），能运用被动语态描述发明物的历史、用途与变化。 听力理解：能听懂关于发明物的对话，提取关键信息（如发明名称、来源、功能细节），并判断信息正误。 2. 思维与文化目标 能辩证分析发明对人类生活的影响，培养创新思维与批判性思维。 通过了解中外重要发明的历史，感受科技进步的魅力，增强文化自信与创新意识。 激发对发明创造的兴趣，认识到“创新改变生活”的意义。 学习重点 重点语法：一般过去时的被动语态 学习难点 一般过去时被动语态的灵活运用 区分主动语态与被动语态的用法，尤其是主语为动作承受者时，何时用被动语态。正确判断过去分词的拼写（如  invented, made, used  等），以及  was/were  与主语的单复数搭配。 1.What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter? 你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ 【详解】invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造→ inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家（人）→invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明物（事物） 【典例】用invent的正确形式填空。 Marconi _______ the radio, and he was a great ________ whose _________ changed the world. 【答案】invented; inventor; invention 【详解】句意：马可尼发明了无线电，他是一位伟大的发明家，他的这项发明改变了世界。第一空作句子谓语，由后文was可知时态为一般过去时，invent的过去式为invented；第二空形容词great后接名词，此处指人，意为“发明家”，故填inventor；第三空whose后接名词，此处指发明的物品，故填invention。 【即练】Edison was a great______ (invent), the light bulb______ (invent) by him.It is one of the most useful ______ (invent). 2.  Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 没错。而且得益于收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。 【详解】1区分because / because of because ：连词，引导原因状语从句，+完整句子 He likes radio because it brings news.他喜欢收音机，因为它传递消息。 because of：介词短语， + 名词/代词/doing。 World became smaller because of the radio. 因为收音机，世界变小了。 【典例】He stayed home _________ the rain. A. because B. instead of C. ahead of D. because of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：因为下雨，他待在了家里。because后接完整句子，because of后接名词/名词短语；instead of意为代替，ahead of意为在……前面。the rain为名词短语，故选D。 【即练】同义句改写 Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill. = Tom didn’t go to school yesterday____________________ 3. It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world.它也对音乐产生了重大影响。收音机让人们能更便捷地欣赏来自世界各地艺人的音乐。 【详解】1.effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；效果 have a big effect on + 名词 对……有重大影响 The Internet has a big effect on our daily life.互联网对我们的日常生活影响很大。 1） have a great influence on Books have a great influence on kids. 书本对孩子影响深远。 2）make a big difference to The radio makes a big difference to people's life. 收音机极大改变人们生活。 2.make it + adj. + (for sb. )to do sth使得(某人)做某事…… it：形式宾语，无实义, to do：真正宾语 Computers make it convenient for us to search information.电脑方便我们查找信息 拓展：1）find it +adj.+for sb to do 发现做某事… I find it difficult for me to learn physics. 2）think it +adj.+for sb to do 认为做某事… We think it important for students to read more. 3）feel it +adj.+for sb to do 觉得做某事… She feels it boring for her to stay at home. 【典例】1.Mobile phones have a big effect ______ people. A. for B. in C. to D. on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：手机对人们影响很大。固定搭配have an effect on 对……有影响，故选D。 2. Good habits make it possible for you _________( learn) English well. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：好习惯能让你学好英语成为可能。固定句型make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事成为可能，故填to learn。 【即练1】根据汉语提示完成句子。 有些学生认为学好英语很难，但是如果你找到正确的方法，它将会对你的英语产生很大影响 Some students think____________to learn English well, but if you find the right ways, it will ___________________your English. 【即练2】He found ________ difficult to fall sleep. A. this B. him C. it D. that 4. Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook.智能烹饪机能做出数百种菜品。 【详解】hundreds of 数百的；成百上千的（模糊数量，不精确） 辨析：① 基数词 + hundred（单数，无s，不加of）：表确切数字 two hundred students 两百名学生 ② hundreds of（hundred加s + of）：笼统数百，模糊数量 hundreds of trees 数百棵树 拓展：thousand/million/billion 1）模糊概数（词尾+s + of） thousands of 数千的，成千上万的，millions of 数百万的， billions of 数十亿的 2） 确切数字（不加s、不加of） three thousand people 三千人， five million stars 五百万颗星星 【典例】  _________ books are on the shelf. 架子上有五百本书。 A. Five hundreds B. Five hundred C. Hundred of D. Five hundred of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：架子上有五百本书。hundred前有具体数字时，用单数形式，不加s和of；表示模糊数量时，用hundreds of。five是具体数字，故选B。 【即练】Every year, _____________ (thousand) of trees are planted in our city. 5.What can the special glasses be used for?这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？ 【详解】 be used for + 名词/doing sth：被用来做某事（表用途） Paper is used for writing. 纸被用来书写。  同义短语:be used to do sth What can the special glasses be used to do? 辨析：used to / be used to doing / be used to do 1) used to do sth过去常常做…（现在不做了）, to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形 I used to get up early.我过去常常早起（现在不起了）。 2) be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事to 是介词，后接名词/动名词doing She is used to getting up early.她习惯早起。 3) be used to do sth = be used for doing 被用来做某事（被动，表物品用途） to 不定式，加动词原形 Wood is used to make paper.木头被用来造纸。 【典例】 The machine is used for _________(make) noodles. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：这台机器是用来做面条的。固定搭配be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，介词for后接动名词形式，故填making。 【即练】Mike ________ take the bus to school,but now he ________riding to school. A. is used to, used to B. is used for, is used to C. used to, is used to D. used to, used to 6. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.按下按钮启动机器时，本不该发出这么大的噪音。 【详解】suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. 认为；推断 be supposed to do / be sth 应当做（某事）或是（某物） You are supposed to arrive on time. 你理应准时到达。 He was supposed to come, but he didn’t. 他本该来，结果没来。 【典例】 In China, people are supposed_________（shake）hands when they meet for the first time. 【答案】to shake 【详解】句意：在中国，人们第一次见面时应该握手。固定搭配be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，故填to shake。 【即练】 You aren’t _________(suppose) to smoke here. 7.It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。 【详解】It is believed that…人们认为……；据信…… It（形式主语）+ is believed + that从句（真正主语） It is believed that tea was invented in China.人们相信茶叶产自中国。 拓展：1）It is said that… 据说…… It is said that he will leave. 据说他要离开了。 2）It is reported that… 据报道…… It is reported that a new factory will be built. 3）It is known that… 众所周知…… It is known that the earth goes around the sun. 【典例】 It is _________ (believe) that the first paper was created by Cai Lun in ancient China. 【答案】believed 【详解】句意：人们认为古代中国的蔡伦发明了第一张纸。固定句型It is believed that... 表示“人们认为/据说……”，故填believed。 【即练】据说一台新型机器人将于下个月在科技馆展出。 _________________ a new robot will be shown in the science museum next month. 8. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.比起其他任何发明，正是它促成了信息的快速传播，而这些信息塑造了现代世界。 【详解】responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 be responsible for：引起某事，促成；对……负有责任 1）对……负有责任： You are responsible for your mistakes. 你要为自己的错误负责。 2）促成、造成、引起（坏事、结果） Smoking is responsible for many illnesses.吸烟会引发多种疾病。 名词形式：responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/责任；职责 take responsibility for… 为……承担责任 have responsibility for… 负责…… 【典例】Heavy rain was _________ the flood. A. thirsty for B. thankful to C. surprised at D. responsible for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大雨引发了这场洪水。be responsible for意为“对……负责；是……的原因”；be thirsty for渴望；be thankful to感谢；be surprised at对……感到惊讶。结合句意，故选D。 【即练】He takes ___________(responsible) for the accident. 9. However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. 然而，它的发明者奥维尔·莱特与威尔伯·莱特当初似乎压根没想过要改变世界。 【详解】be looking to do sth 打算/力求/设法做某事（侧重谋求、计划做成） The company is looking to develop new products.这家公司力求研发新产品。 【典例】We are looking _________( cut )costs 【答案】to cut 【详解】句意：我们正力求降低成本。固定搭配be looking to do sth. 力求/打算做某事，故填to cut。 【即练】她打算提升自己的英语水平。She ________________ improve her English 10. A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一个微型摄像头被安装在眼镜前端。 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 油和盐也由机器自动添加。 Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer.：玩具、椅子、桌子，甚至房屋都可以由这台3D打印机制作。 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.1901年，人类首次跨大西洋发送无线电报文。 【详解】 被动语态 用法：主语是动作承受者，动作是谁做的不重要/不知道/不用提。 谓语动词构成： be + 及物动词过去分词 （be 助动词，随时态、人称、数变化） 常用时态被动结构： 1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + done 2. 一般过去时：was / were + done 3. 一般将来时：will be + done 4. 含情态动词：情态动词 (can/must/should…) + be + done 【典例】1. —We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们在植树节种了很多树。——这很有意义。为了有一个更加绿色的世界，更多的树应该被种植。考查被动语态。plant原形；be planted被动语态；are planted被动语态。分析语境可知，主语more trees和动词plant之间是被动关系，空格前有情态动词，be动词用原形。故选B。 2.—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I__________, I will go on time. A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 考查条件状语从句与被动语态。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语I与invite是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。故选C。 3.—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A. shows B. has shown C. is shown D. was shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出了。——哇！好消息。考查动词时态及被动语态。last month提示用一般过去时，瓷器被展出，应用被动语态。故选D。 【即练1】Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic________（create） each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea. 【即练2】My father is too tired. Something should______(do) to keep him relaxed. 【即练3】AI tools ______ （use）in more fields in the future. 一、根据汉语提示，音标或首字母完成单词。 1.—Can you print my homework? —Sorry, the _________( 打印机)doesn't work. 2.This factory ___________ /prəˈdjuːs/ paper. 3.—Where is your homework? — It's in this _______(文件夹). 4.—May I use your ___________(电话)? — Sure. 5.—Where is Tom? —I s_________ he is at home. 6. One _________( 轮子)of my bike is broken. 7.—Why do people develop this industry? —It helps improve local ________( 经济)conditions. 8. —What is r___________ for the big change? — The new technology. 9.—Why is the city changing so fast? —It's because of ________(迅速的 ) development. 10.My father uses a __________(笔记本电脑） for work. 二、 用所给单词适当形式填空。 1. We are looking ___________( improve )our English grades this term 2. My hands are ___________(stick) after eating candy 3. The snack is a clever _________(create) of the chef. 4. This dress isn't ________(suit) for the party. 5.This room is _________(idea)for reading 6. Telephone is one of the most important__________(invent). 7. We are supposed _________( obey )school rules. 8.— Is your dream easy to come true? —Dreams are different from _______(real). 9.It is ____________(believe) that tea was invented in China. 10.Wood is used _________(make) paper. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.而且因为于收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。 And ____________ the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 2.全世界的人都热爱运动。 People _______________like sports. 3.令我惊讶的是，他买了一台新笔记本电脑。 _____________, he bought a new laptop. 4.别着急，我稍后再跟你讲这件事。 Don’t worry. I’ll tell you the story_____________. 5.互联网对我们的日常生活影响很大。The Internet_____________ our daily life. 6.这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？ What can the special glasses ______________? 7.据报道在我们城镇将要建立一家新工厂。______________that a new factory will be built in our town. 8. 一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前端。A mini-camera _____________ the front of the glasses. 9.所有这些事物都依靠一项发明——造纸术。 All of these things ___________ one invention—papermaking. 10.相较于其他所有发明，它让信息得以快速传播，并构筑起了现代世界。 _____________all other inventions, it made information spread quickly and __________ the modern world. 四、阅读填空。 The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It 1.______ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the 2._________(high) railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 3.______ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes 4.______ (use) to keep the ground hard. 5._________, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to 6.______ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges 7.______ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and 8.______ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway 9. _________ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help 10.______ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. 五、单项选择 1. Sharing your feelings with friends often _________ closer friendship。 A. turns into B. comes to C. leads to D. takes off 2. His family is too poor to _________ the children's education fees. A. affect B. pay C. afford D. choose 3. We need to __________ to finish homework on time. A. cheer up B.speed up C. wake up D. make up 4.—Are these books all useful? 5.—________ of them are useful for me. A. Neither B. None C. Nothing D. Either 6.— How do I turn on the machine? — ________this button. A. Press B. Put C. Shut D. Get 6.—How many books are there? —_________ them. A.Hundreds of B. Two hundreds C. Hundred of D. Two hundreds of 7. You should use your own shopping bags instead of plastic bags when you go shopping. A.wooden B. metal C. plastic D. cotton 8.The mini-programme "Clear Plate" is popular among young people. It ______ to help deal with food waste. A. will design B. will be designed C. designs D. is designed 9.Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 10.Song Shoulian, the third-generation inheritor (第三代传唱人) of the tune, told reporters that the song __________ (create) in the 1940s. A. was created B. created C. creates D. is created 11.Her wonderful performance ___________ (praise) by many people. A. is praised B. praised C. has praised D. was praised 12.—The robots ______ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A. raced B. were racing C. race D. are racing 13.— ______ you ever ______ Dounan Flower Market yet? —Yes. I went there last year and saw different kinds of flowers. A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D. Are; visiting 14.—What's the ________of the box? — It's square. A. color B. size C. shape D. price 15.They worked hard so they ________ buy what they wanted and had a little fun. A. should B. would C. must D. could 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $