UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS-【优学精研】2027年高考英语一轮总复习学用Word（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习学案系统覆盖高考核心词汇（阅读、多义、核心、拓展词汇）、重点短语、关键句型及2025新增课标词汇，按“识别-辨析-应用-拓展”层次构建知识网络，通过问题链（如单句语法填空）和任务驱动（如微写作）引导学生自主梳理词法、句法联系，形成完整语言知识体系。 亮点在于诊断性自测与情境化应用设计，如开篇设置词汇辨析及语法填空诊断题，学生可自主定位薄弱点，结合“安全进校园”告知信写作、读后续写恐惧场景描写等任务，培养语言能力与思维品质。每个模块配错题归因表，助力个性化提升，教师可通过学情数据精准指导，实现因材施教。

单元知识 必备清单 Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认 1.tornado n.　　　 龙卷风；旋风 2.drought n. 旱灾；久旱 3.landslide n. 崩塌；滑坡 4.tsunami n. 海啸 5.volcanic eruption 火山喷发 6.magnitude n. 震级；重大 7.evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离 8.helicopter n. 直升机 9.crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. （使）破裂 10.percent n. 百分之…… adj. & adv. 每一百中 11.brick n. 砖；砖块 12.metal n. 金属 13.unify vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体 14.context n. 上下文；语境；背景 15.volcano n. 火山 16.typhoon n. 台风 17.hurricane n. 飓风 18.kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 19.first aid kit 急救箱 Ⅱ.多义单词——我会辨 1.whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声 2.flood n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没 3.shelter n. 避难处；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险） 4.trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 5.tap vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻敲 6.wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 7.strike vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 Ⅲ.核心单词——我会写 1.disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2.slide vi. & vt. （使）滑行；滑动 n. 幻灯片 3.rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 4.damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失 5.affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深 打动 6.gas n. 气体；燃气；汽油 7.ruin n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟 vt. 破坏；使破产 8.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 9.supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给 10.pipe n. 管子；管道 11.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 12.aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. 帮助 13.crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞 14.sweep vt. & vi.打扫；清扫；席卷；横扫 Ⅳ.拓展词汇——我会拓 1.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭→destruction n.毁坏；毁灭→destructive adj.破坏（或毁灭）性的 2.death n.死；死亡→die vi.死；死亡→dead adj.死的；不运行的→deadly adj.致命的；极度的adv.极其；非常→dying adj.垂死的；临终的 3.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shockingly adv.惊人地；非常地；极坏地 4.breathe vi. & vt.呼吸 vt.低声说→breath n.呼吸的空气→breathing n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地 5.bury vt.埋葬；安葬→burial n.埋葬；葬礼 6.revive vt. & vi.复活；（使）苏醒→revival n.振兴；复苏 7.wisdom n.智慧；才智→wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的→unwise adj.愚蠢的；不明智的；轻率的→wisely adv.明智地 8.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→suffering n.痛苦→sufferer n.患者；受难者 9.electricity n.电；电能；强烈的感情，激动→electric adj.电的；用电的；令人激动的 10.rescue n. & vt.营救；救援→rescuer n.救助者 11.erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出；突然发出（尤指叫喊）→eruption n.爆发；喷发 12.survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过；比……活（或存在）的时间长→survivor n.幸存者；生还者→survival n.幸存；生还→surviving adj.幸存的；残存的；健在的 13.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 vt.驱动，推动→powerful adj.强大的；强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的；无权力的→powered adj.由……驱动的；电动的 14.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的；平静的vt.使平静；使镇静→calmly adv.镇静地；平静地→calmness n.镇静 15.deliver vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt.发表；助产，接生；分娩，生孩子→delivery n.投递；送交 16.summary n.总结；概括；概要→summarise vt. & vi.总结；概括 17.effect n.影响；结果；效果→effective adj.有效的；生效的→ineffective adj.无效的→effectiveness n.有效性 18.length n.长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen vt. & vi.（使）变长→lengthy adj.冗长的 Ⅴ.重点短语——我会记 1.in ruins 　　　　　　 严重受损；破败不堪 2.in shock 震惊；吃惊 3.in the open air 露天；在户外 4.on hand 现有（尤指帮助） 5.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 6.at least 至少 7.refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 8.as usual 像往常一样 9.come to an end 告终；结束 10.the number of ……的数量 Ⅵ.单元佳句——我会用 1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings.（too ... to ...） 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！（as if引导的虚拟语气） 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3.Water， food， and electricity were hard to get.（主语＋be＋形容词＋to do） 没有水和食物，电也停了。 4.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.（be doing ...when ... 正在做……突然……） 当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 高考高分 提升密码 Ⅰ.高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法 名词后缀-th表示性质、状态、动作或结果等。 构词法 后缀-th 规则 典例 直接＋th warm温暖的→warmth温暖 去e＋th true真的→truth真相；真理 变o为e＋th strong强壮的→strength力量 写出下列黑体词的词性和含义 1.（2025·1月浙江卷）Led by the concept of “right plant， right place，” they match plants that enjoy the same soil， sun and weather conditions， and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. 　　　　　 2.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story. 　　　　　 3.（2024·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷）The colors are vibrant， and I used a mix of techniques to create texture and depth. 　　　　　 Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考 1.chip n.缺口；碎渣；芯片；炸薯片 v.打破；植入微芯片 ①chip in　　　　 插嘴；共同出资（如凑钱） ②silicon chip 硅芯片 ③a chip on one’s shoulder 心存芥蒂，怀恨在心 ④blue chip 蓝筹股；优质股票 Investing in blue-chip stocks is often seen as a safe choice for beginners. 投资蓝筹股通常被视为初学者的安全选择。 2.chore n.家务；杂活；日常事务 ①household chores　 家务活 ②daily chores 日常杂务 ③a real chore 一件苦差事 ④chore of doing sth 做某事的繁琐过程 Teenagers should share household chores to develop responsibility. 青少年应分担家务以培养责任感。 核心知识 点面突破 shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊 练通 单句语法填空 ①Tom won the championship in the marathon， which was 　　　　great shock to us all. ②His decision to give up the prize without reason seemed 　　　　　　（shock） to everyone. 写美 微写作 ③他们的母亲既震惊又自豪，她温柔地低声说：“谢谢你们，孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切！” （心理描写） 　　　　　　　　　　， their mother said in a sweet whisper， “Thanks， my kids.I really appreciate what you have done for me！” （1）a great shock to sb　对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 （2）shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 （3）shocking adj. 令人震惊的 佳句 I simply stood there in shock， and my feet， as if rooted to the ground， couldn’t move a bit. 我只是震惊地站在那里，脚好像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。 联想 各种“惊讶” ①　②　③ bury vt.（buried， buried， burying） 埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 练通 单句语法填空 ①Father paced up and down in the room， his hands 　　　　　　（bury） in his pockets. 写美 句式升级 ②（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. →　　　　　　　　　 the English newspaper every day， I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the English newspaper every day， I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. （1）　　　　 　埋头于；专心于 （2）bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 佳句 Hearing the bad news， she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears. ＝Hearing the bad news， she burst out crying， with her face buried in her hands.听到这个坏消息后，她突然哭了起来，把脸埋在了双手中。 联想 表示“专心于、致力于”的短语：be lost in、 be engaged in、 be devoted to、 be absorbed in、 apply oneself to等。 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 练通 单句语法填空 ①The smiles on their faces have deeply touched me and inspired me to devote my life to helping those 　　　　　　（suffer） pain. ②Local volunteers regularly visit 　　　　（suffer） from age-related diseases to offer companionship. 写美 微写作 ③生活中总有起起落落，但正是这些磨难让我们变得更坚强。 （主旨升华） There are always ups and downs in our lives， but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. （1）suffer pain/defeat/loss遭受痛苦/失败/损失 suffer from 遭受；患病 （2）suffering n. 苦恼；让人痛苦的事 sufferer n. 患难者；患病者 佳句 Knowing that my partner was suffering from a severe disease， I was burning with anxiety， so I rushed towards the hospital. 得知我的搭档得了重病，我心急如焚，所以我冲向了医院。 点津 suffer用作不及物动词，后常接from，表示“受……之苦；患某种疾病”。 survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过 练通 单句语法填空 ①Up to now food and water have been delivered to the disaster-stricken area， where many people 　　　　　　（survive） the disaster are in urgent need of help. ②We will do everything in our power to help those 　　　　　　（survive） in the tornado. 写美 微写作 ③我打开门，惊奇地发现一位老太太站在暴风雪中，身上只穿了一件薄外套，显然不足以在暴风雪中生存。 （人物描写） I opened the door and surprisingly found an old lady standing in the snowstorm with just a thin coat， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. （1）survive from　　　从……幸存 survive on 依靠……生存下来 survive ...by ... 比……多活了…… （2）survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U] 幸存；[C] 残存物 佳句 Life isn’t about how to survive storms， but how to dance in the rain. （主旨升华） 生活不在于如何挺过暴雨，而在于如何在风雨中起舞。 联想 -al名词后缀小结 ①arrival到达　　　 ②chemical化学药品 ③proposal建议 ④trial 审判，试验 ⑤individual 个人 ⑥refusal 拒绝 ⑦criminal罪犯 ⑧final 决赛 strike vt. & vi.击打；敲响；擦（火柴）；撞击；侵袭；给（某人以……）印象；突然想起n.罢工；罢课；袭击 练通 单句语法填空 ①　　　　　　 （strike） by what he had done for me， I couldn’t contain myself， tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. 写美 一句多译 ②我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。 →　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.（it作形式主语） （1）be struck by/with ...被……击中；被……打动 It occurs to/hits/strikes sb that ... 某人突然想起…… strike ...into one’s heart 使某人对……刻骨铭心 （2）be/go on strike 在/举行罢工 佳句 What struck me most were my brother’s defeated expression， his lonely figure， and the sad flash in Toby’s eyes as he left in the rain. 最让我印象深刻的是哥哥那副沮丧的神情、落寞的身影，以及托比在雨中离去时，眼中闪过的一丝悲伤。 effect n.影响；结果；效果 练通 单句语法填空 ①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）This method may not be 　　　　　　（effect） for everyone as each student’s oral ability is different. ②After months of preparation， the new public health measure came 　　　　　　effect last weekend. 写美 微写作 ③希望我的建议不久会付诸实施来解决这些问题。 （建议信） Hopefully， my suggestions 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to address these problems. （1）take effect　　　　生效；见效 come into effect 生效 have an effect/influence/impact on/upon 对……产生影响 put ... into effect 实施；使……生效 （2）effective adj. 有效的；有影响的 佳句 During Li Bai’s lifetime， he wrote a great number of excellent poems， all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture. （人物介绍） 李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，这些诗歌对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。 sweep vt. & vi.打扫；清扫；席卷；横扫 flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 佳句背诵 ①A wave/burst of panic swept over/flooded over her， but she forced herself to leave the room calmly. 她感到一阵惊慌，但她还是强忍着情绪，平静地离开了房间。 ②With the warm sunlight flooding in， they enjoyed the company of each other， feeling a wave of warmth and appreciation. 温暖的阳光照进来，他们享受着彼此的陪伴，感到一阵温暖和感激。 靓句写作 Sitting alone in the living room， I stared at the family photos on the wall， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. （2025·全国一卷） 独自坐在客厅里，我凝视着墙上的家庭照片，童年的回忆涌上心头。 敲黑板 ①a burst/wave/sense/feeling of＋表情感状态的名词＋flood/sweep over＋sb某人感到…… ②memories flood one’s mind 回忆涌上心头 ③regret floods back 悔恨涌上心头 ④flood in 大量涌入 句型公式：as if ... 似乎/好像…… 教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 写美 微写作 ①我一靠近房子，就注意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲伤。好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。 （场景、情绪描写） Upon approaching the house， I noticed that my dad and mom stood beside the old truck， looking sad.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ②在屋内，吃着美味的饼干，我们谈笑风生，托比的尾巴欢快地摇着，仿佛我们之间从未发生过任何事情。 （2025·全国一卷） Inside， over the delicious biscuits， we talked and laughed， with Toby’s tail wagging happily， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ③知道自己在写作比赛中获得了第一名之后，我觉得自己好像站在世界之巅。（心理描写） Knowing I got the first place in the writing contest， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. （1）as if/though可以放在look， seem等系动词之后引导表语从句；as if/though还可以引导状语从句，表方式。 （2）as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态为： ①陈述语气（真实或极有可能发生的情况） ②虚拟语气（不真实或不可能发生的情况） 佳句 Tears clouding his eyes， David raised his head， looked at me as if he would say something， but lowered his head once again. （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷） 眼泪模糊了他的双眼，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。 点津 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且含有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。 句型公式：be doing sth when ... 正在做某事这时（突然）…… 教材原句：I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭突然水开始涌入家中。 写美 微写作 ①他们正要在户外搭帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓到了。 （情感描写） They were about to put up the tent in the open air 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ②母亲刚醒来时，就闻到了食物诱人的香味，这种香味营造出一种温馨的家庭氛围。（环境描写） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 she was greeted by the delicious smell of food， which created a warm atmosphere in the home. when表示“这时突然”，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do ...when ... 正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……突然…… had （just） done ...when ... 刚做完……这时…… 佳句 He was walking cautiously along the road when his feet slipped and he fell over. （动作描写） 他在路上小心翼翼地走着，这时突然脚一滑，摔倒了。 高效迁移 微点练全 一词多义/熟词生义 1.affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 ①Affected with high fever， he continued with his work. 　　　　　 ②Affected by those selfless doctors， I have developed a deep affection for the career. 　　　　　 ③I learned from her eyes that she was a kind， caring and sympathetic person who showed concern for those affected by the fire.　　　　　 2.deliver vt.递送；生小孩；接生；发表演说 ①The princess had been delivered of a healthy boy， which made the handsome prince wild with excitement. 　　　　　 ②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday. 　　　　　 ③I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera. 　　　　　 3.Some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies， limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. 　　　　　 4.The electric car， powered by the battery， can drive for 600 miles on a single charge. 　　　　　 5.She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock. 　　　　　 6.（2024·1月浙江卷）It is so easy to let an online course slide， but your grades will suffer as a result. 　　　　　 7.（2023·全国甲卷）Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see， and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear. 　　　　　 8.I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep. 　　　　　 9.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）？ 　　　　　 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.（2024·北京卷）I 　　　　　　（read） a book in the classroom when there was an announcement. 2. It is dark in the woods.It seems as if there 　　　　　　（be） a fierce beast behind every bush.The more she thinks of this， the more frightened she is. （心理描写） 3.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered 　　　　　　　　　terrible back pain. 4.Since she graduated， my mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（全心扑在教学上）， winning high praise. （人物介绍） 5.The teacher gave out the test papers， and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　（一阵紧张的情绪在教室里弥漫开来）. 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.（2025·全国一卷）The way they demonstrated how microplastics 　　　　　　（trap） through the boiling process was nice. 2.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Though overtourism is described as a problem 　　　　　　（affect） the entire world， it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. 3.The math problem was too complicated for her 　　　　（solve） quickly， leaving her puzzled and scratching her head in frustration. 4.However， dangerous conditions and 　　　　　　（damage） roads will make it difficult 　　　　　　（deliver） food and supplies. 5.At the beginning of term， students 　　　　　　　（supply） with a list of books that they are expected to read. 6.（2023·全国甲卷）He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（不遗余力地进行了一系列改革） to make his country rich and powerful. 　应用文增分练——“安全进校园”活动的告知信 　　假定你是高三学生李华。在全国防灾减灾日到来之际，你们学校开展了一次以“安全教育进校园”为主题的教育活动。你校国际部交换生Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 　　（1）活动目的； 　　（2）活动安排。 第一步　根据单元知识写美句 1.得知你对“安全教育进校园”活动很感兴趣，我很高兴与你分享。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.为响应全国防灾减灾日，我们学校组织了一些活动以提高我们面对紧急情况的自我保护意识。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3.一位来自专业救援队的专家就火灾、地震等灾害发生时如何应对做讲座，为我们提供了疏散的基本知识。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4.我们制作了有关应对灾害的实用技巧的小册子，并在校园里分发，以进一步在学生当中传播安全知识。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5.我为你准备了一本英文小册子。希望能有所帮助。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第二步　连句成篇创佳作 　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。 Dear Jim， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours， Li Hua 　读后续写微技能——遇险求生下的恐惧 积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接 词汇积累 环境描写：drought； tornado； landslide； tsunami； volcanic eruption； in ruins； typhoon； hurricane 心理描写：shock； in shock； calm； affect 动作描写：rescue； flood； bury； damage； destroy； aid； sweep away； wave； suffer； survive； shelter； strike； deliver； breathe； supply； tap； crash 佳句积累 修辞手法：1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat， and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide， and fish jumped out of the water. （排比） 2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ （夸张） 3.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. （夸张） 4.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. （比喻） 5.Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. （拟人） 6.Slowly， the city began to breathe again. （拟人） 动作描写：Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 主旨升华：Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石 情感细节描写：恐惧（一） 经典词汇 1.dreadful adj.可怕的，极坏的 2.terrible/horrible/awful adj.可怕的 3.panic v. & n.恐慌，害怕→panicked adj.恐慌的 4.scare v.使害怕→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.惊悚的，吓人的 5.alarm v.使惊吓→alarmed adj.惊慌的→alarming adj.令人惊慌的 6.terrify v.使恐惧→terrifying adj.令人害怕的→terrified adj.极度恐惧的 7.frightened adj.害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frighten v.使害怕 靓点语块 1.tremble with terror/horror 吓得发抖 2.tears of terror/horror/fear 恐惧的泪水 3.be scared out of one’s wits 吓得魂不附体 4.be in panic/be seized with panic 惊慌失措　5.one’s face is dead with fright 吓得面无血色 6.be scared to death/half dead with fright 吓得要死 7.one’s throat is tight with horror/fear 吓得喉咙发紧 8.one’s heart is stuck in one’s throat 心提到了嗓子眼 出彩佳句 1.A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street. （无灵主语句） 走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。 2.I was wandering in the woods when a snake came out and scared me to death. 我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我半死。 3.I numbed/froze with terror， too scared to move an inch. 我吓呆了，太害怕以至于寸步难行。 4.Seeing the bloody scene， she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and fainted on the ground. 看到这血腥的一幕，她不受控制地发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。 5.The explosion really frightened the pants off me. 爆炸把我吓坏了。 重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升 　　场景导入：在一个封闭的空间里，保罗和救援队终于找到斯科特。 　　With great efforts， Paul and the rescue team located Scott and found him alive in an enclosed space， 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （以令人难以置信的幸存结束了这个意外事故）.Recalling the frightening experience， Scott thanked his friend and the rescue team.When Scott was trapped under snow， 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （他一阵恐慌；无灵主语句）， hoping that Paul was not buried so deep.He held on to that faint possibility like a rope which could pull him to safety.He painstakingly took only tiny breaths， 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （努力通过专注呼吸来保持冷静）.Time ticked away slowly.4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （他刚要放弃希望，这时援助到了）.In that one-in-a-million chance， they made it.With the dull sky clearing up， both Paul and Scott breathed the fresh air with abandon， feeling the rebirth of life. 　　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读D）On March 7， 1907， the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases， the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. 　　This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors， those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate， and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together， they cancel each other out， resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors， then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms， the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If， for whatever reasons， people’s errors become correlated or dependent， the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 　　But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折） on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion， the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance， the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 　　In a follow-up study with 100 university students， the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates？ Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？ This happened some of the time， but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently， the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow， these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. 　　Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain， the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 做真题——感悟命题角度 32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？ A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people’s errors. D.The design of Galton’s experiment. 33.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if 　　　　. A.the crowds were relatively small B.there were occasional underestimates C.individuals did not communicate D.estimates were not fully independent 34.What did the follow-up study focus on？ A.The size of the groups. B.The dominant members. C.The discussion process. D.The individual estimates. 35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies？ A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving. 理脉络——构建篇章思维 再利用——拓宽词句积累 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.illustrate v.　　 说明；阐明 2.estimate n. 估计；判断 3.similar adj. 相像的；类似的 4.implication n. 可能的影响（或作用、结果）；含意，暗指 5.enormous adj. 巨大的；极大的 6.correlated adj. 有相互关系的（课标外词汇） 7.follow-up adj. 进一步的 8.underlying adj. 潜在的；表面下的；根本的（课标外词汇） 9.dominant adj. 占支配地位的；占优势的（课标外词汇） 10.dismissive adj. 轻蔑的；鄙视的；不屑一顾的（课标外词汇） （二）由文本积派生词汇 1.statistician n.[派生] 统计学家 [statistic ＋-ian] 2.capitalize v.[派生] 利用 [capital＋-ize] 3.dependent adj.[派生] 依赖的，依靠的 [depend＋-ent] 4.significantly adv.[派生] 显著地；有重大意义地 [significant＋-ly] 5.limitation n.[派生] 限制；控制 [limit＋-ation] 6.overestimate v.[派生] 高估 [over-＋estimate] （三）由文本知变式运用 1.average [熟义] n.平均水平，平均数 adj.平均的，一般的 →[生义] v.　　　　　　　　　　 （第二段第三句） 2.reason [熟义] n.理由，原因 →[生义] v.　　　　　　　　　　 （第四段第五句） （四）由文本探析长难句 The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion， the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 分析：The key finding of the study 是句子的主语，谓语was后的 　　　　　　引导一个表语从句，该表语从句又是一个　　　　句，when crowds were further divided into smaller groups ...是时间状语从句，其中groups后的that引导的是　　　　从句，从句修饰先行词groups。 译文：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 提示：完成课后作业　必修第一册　UNIT 4 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 【一维拓展·强基】 高考高分 提升密码 Ⅰ.1.n.增长；生长；成长　2.n.长度　3.n.深度 【二维迁移·赋能】 核心知识 点面突破 1.①a　②shocking　③Shocked and proud 2.①buried　②Buried in reading； Burying myself in reading 3.①suffering　②sufferers　③it is these sufferings that make us stronger 4.①surviving　②survivors　③clearly not enough to survive the snowstorm 5.①Struck　②A good idea occurred to/struck/hit me that； It occurred to/struck/hit me that 6.①effective　②into　③will soon be put into effect 续写提分小妙招 memories of our childhood flooding back 7.①It seemed as if something unpleasant had happened ②as if nothing had ever happened between us ③I felt as if （I were） on the top of the world 8.①when a loud whistle frightened them　②Mother had just woken up when 高效迁移 微点练全 维度一 1.①vt.（疾病）侵袭　②vt.深深打动　③vt.影响 2.①vt.生小孩　②vt.递送　③vt.发表演说 3.vt.达成（协议、妥协）　4.vt.驱动　5.n.休克　6.v.忽视不管；放任自流　7.vi.大量涌入　8.n.小山　9.vt.困住 维度二 1.was reading　2.were　3.from　4.has buried herself in teaching　5.a wave of nervousness swept through the classroom 维度三 1.were trapped　2.affecting　3.to solve　4.damaged； to deliver　5.are supplied　6.spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms 【三维写作·提能】 Part 1 第一步 1.Learning that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event， I am glad to share it with you. 2.In response to the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day， our school organized activities to raise our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies. 3.An expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us， such as fires and earthquakes， equipping us with basics of evacuation. 4.We made brochures concerning the practical tips on dealing with disasters and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students. 5.I have prepared an English brochure for you.Hope it will help. 第二步 Dear Jim， 　　Learning that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event， I am glad to share it with you. 　　In response to the National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day， our school organized activities to raise our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies.Firstly， an expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us， such as fires and earthquakes， equipping us with basics of evacuation.Besides， we made brochures concerning the practical tips on dealing with disasters and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students. 　　I have prepared an English brochure for you.Hope it will help. Yours， Li Hua Part 2 三、重拳锤炼续写场景 1.ending the accident with an incredible survival 2.waves of panic swept over him 3.fighting to stay calm by focusing on breathing 4.He was about to give up hope when the aid arrived 【高考素养·培优】 一、做真题 32.B　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。 33.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的In more technical terms， the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.和第三段中的when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion ...independent individuals可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，估计的平均准确度也可以提高。 34.C　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，后续研究主要关注小组成员在讨论中的行为。研究人员发现，大多数情况下，小组成员表示他们“分享观点并共同推理”。因此，后续研究的重点是小组讨论的过程。 35.D　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管Navajas的研究有局限性，但是对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此判断，作者对Navajas的研究持赞同的态度。 三、再利用 （三）1.计算出……平均数　2.推理；推论；推断 （四）that　复合　定语　这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体，（且）这些更小的群体被允许进行讨论时，这些群体（的估计）的平均值比同样数量的独立个体（的估计）的平均值更准确。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $