UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE-【优学精研】2027年高考英语一轮总复习教用Word（北师大版）

该高中英语讲义围绕“人与自然”主题，整合高考核心词汇（含多义、拓展词）、语法（非谓语、倒装、比较级句型）、阅读（词义猜测、细节理解）及写作（应用文、读后续写）考点，按“基础—拓展—应用”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点清单梳理、核心词法句法突破、真题语篇精析及分层练习，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破高频难点。 资料以“主题引领、语用为本”为特色，创新设计“练通—写美—佳句”三阶词汇语法训练，如“escape”“survive”等词通过语境填空与写作应用提升语言能力。融入2025新增课标词汇及高考真题语篇，结合读后续写动作心理描写微技能，培养学生思维品质与应试技巧，为教师提供精准复习节奏把控方案，高效提升学生综合语言运用能力。

UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE 　　In fact， it was out of 1.curiosity （curious） that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer， who had just returned from a distant continent．He indeed shared some stories of 2.battling （battle） against nature with bravery， in one of which his vehicle broke 3.down in the polar area because the gas had run out.4.Trapped （trap） in the scary snowstorm，he attempted 5.to call （call） for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless．6.Frightened （frighten） and hungry， he was at a loss and was faced with death several times．He walked 7.anxiously （anxious） until he found shelter in a nearby base．Besides， in his lecture， the suffering of wildlife also shocked us．Apart from natural 8.disasters （disaster）， to some extent， too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them．Having heard his lecture， I find it everyone’s duty 9.to keep （keep） the balance of ecology．Equally important is 10.that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe natural laws． 单元知识 必备清单 Ⅰ．阅读单词——我会认 第一组 1.drought n．旱灾， 干旱 2.hurricane n．　　飓风 3.landslide n．　　滑坡； 塌方 4.volcanic adj．　　火山的； 由火山作用引起的 5.weed n．　　野草； 海藻 6.whale n．　　鲸 7.dolphin n．　　海豚 8.shark n．　　鲨（鱼） 9.kangaroo n．　　袋鼠 10.eagle n．　　鹰 11.jungle n．　　（热带）丛林 12.whirlpool n．　　旋涡 第二组 13.descent n．　　下降， 下落 14.tidal adj．　　潮汐的， 潮水的 15.tube n．　　圆管， 管子； （伦敦）地铁 16.lamp n．　　灯 17.sledge n．　　雪橇 18.ski n．　　滑雪板 vi．　　滑雪 19.polar adj．　　极地的， 地极的 20.tent n．　　帐篷 21.brochure n．　　小册子 22.aftershock n．　　（地震的）余震 23.metal n．　　金属 24.skiing n．　　滑雪运动 25.originality n．　　独创性； 创造力 Ⅱ．多义单词——我会辨 1.flood n．　　洪水， 水灾，大量 v．　　淹没 2.title n．　　题目， 标题；头衔，称号 vt．　　加标题 3.escape vi．& vt．　　逃离； 逃避；被遗忘 n．　　逃脱，逃离；泄漏 4.attempt n．& vt．　　努力， 尝试， 企图 5.measure vt．　　估量， 衡量； 测量 n．　　措施；尺寸；计量制；计量单位 6.process n．　　过程， 进程 工序 vt．　　加工 7.conduct vt．　　实施； 进行； 执行 vi．& vt．　　指挥；引导 vt．　　传导热或电等能量；表现，举止 8.lecture n．　　讲座， 讲课； 演讲；教训 vi．　　（开）讲座；讲课 vt．　　训斥 9.base n．　　基地， 大本营； 基础 vt．　　以……为基地 10.solid adj．　　连续的，不间断的；固体的，坚硬的 n．　　固体 Ⅲ．核心单词——我会写 第一组 1.disaster n．　　灾难；灾祸 2.landscape n．　　风景， 景色 3.wave n．　　海浪； 波涛 4.wildlife n．　　野生动植物， 野生生物 5.comment n．　　评论； 意见 6.extent n．　　面积； 长度； 范围； 程度 7.crowded adj．　　拥挤的； 挤满人的 8.living adj．　　活的， 活着的 第二组 9.deer n．　　鹿 10.insect n．　　昆虫 11.fox n．　　狐狸 12.soil n．　　土壤 13.climate n．　　气候 14.overuse vt．　　过度使用； 滥用 15.million n．　　百万 16.greenhouse n．　　温室， 暖房 17.float vi．　　浮； 漂 18.file n．　　档案， 卷宗 第三组 19.soul n．　　灵魂 20.edge n．　　边缘 21.continent n．　　洲， 大洲； 大陆 22.rescue n．& vt．　　营救； 救援 23.vehicle n．　　交通工具， 车辆 24.trap vt．　　困住， 使陷于危险中 25.damage n．　　伤害， 损伤， 损害 26.overseas adv．　　在海外， 在外国 27.site n．　　场所， 地点 第四组 28.battle n．　　较量， 竞争； 斗争； 战斗 29.duty n．　　职责， 义务； 责任 30.suffering n．　　（肉体或精神上的）痛苦； 折磨 31.nearby adv．　　附近 32.dust n．　　灰尘； 尘埃 33.captain n．　　上校；队长； 组长 34.distant adj．　　久远的； 遥远的 35.shelter n．　　避难所 36.varied adj．　　各种各样的， 形形色色的 37.scary adj．　　可怕的， 恐怖的 38.harmless adj．　　无害的 Ⅳ．拓展词汇——我会拓 第一组 1.erupt v．爆发；喷出→eruption n．爆发 2.ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj．生态学的；生态的 3.shock vt．使震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊；休克；冲击→shocking adj．令人震惊的→shocked adj．震惊的 4.survive vi．& vt．活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者→surviving adj．幸存的；残存的 5.poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人→poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术 6.mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj．神秘的；不可思议的 7.frighten v．使受惊；使惊恐→frightened adj．受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj．令人害怕的 8.horror n．恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事→horrible adj．可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horribly adv．害怕地；可怕地；极其地 9.curious adj．好奇的→curiously adv．好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心 10.observe vt．观察；注意；庆祝（同义： celebrate）；遵守→observation n．观察；观察结果 第二组 11.equal adj．相等的；相同的；平等的；胜任的 vt．等于；抵得上 n．同等的人；相等物→equally adv．同样地；平等地→equality n．平等 12.interrupt vi．& vt．打断讲话→interruption n．打断，打扰；中断时间 13.death n．死，死亡→die v．死亡→dying adj．垂死的→dead adj．失去生命的；不再使用的 14.lose vt．失去；丢失；使迷路→loss n．丧失；死亡→lost adj．丢失的；迷路的 15.operate v．运转；做手术；操作→operator n．接线员；操作者→operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作 16.protect v．保护；防护→protective adj．保护的；防护的→protection n．保护；防护 17.breath n．呼吸→breathe vi．& vt．呼吸→breathless adj．气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的→breathlessly adv．气喘吁吁地 18.explore v．探索；探究；勘察→explorer n．探险者；勘察者→exploration n．探险；探索；探究；勘察 19.prepare v．预备，准备→preparation n．预备，准备 第三组 20.anxious adj．焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv．焦虑地；不安地；担忧地→anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑 21.ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj．有雄心的；野心勃勃的 22.cheer v．使高兴；欢呼n．欢呼声→cheerful adj．高兴的，兴高采烈的 23.prove vt．证明；证实→proof n．证据 24.honest adj．诚实的→honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→dishonest adj．不诚实的 25.sincere adj．真诚的→sincerely adv．诚挚地→sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实 26.brave adj．勇敢的→bravely adv．勇敢地→bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为 27.disappear vi．消失；消亡；灭绝→disappearance n．消亡；消失→appear vi．出现；看来；似乎 Ⅴ．重点短语——我会记 第一组 1.turn one’s back （on sb/sth）　　　对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2.on the edge of　　在……边缘；某事快要发生（尤指不好的事） 3.in the direction of　　　朝……方向 4.at great speed　　高速地 5.be/become curious about　　对……感到好奇 6.as a result　　结果 7.in the end　　最后 第二组 8.breathe in　　吸气（breathe out） 9.run out　　用完；耗尽 10.on the way to ．．．　　在去往……的路上 11.have difficulty with sth　　在某事/方面有困难 12.break down　　停止运转，出故障 13.make progress　　稳步前进；取得进步 14.in the history of　　在……的历史进程中 15.pick up　　去接（某人）；拿起；拾起，捡起；搭救，营救 Ⅵ．单元佳句 ——我会用 1.It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white．　（It takes/took sb some time to do ．．．） 不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。 2.I felt sick， as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream．　（as if引导方式状语从句） 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 3.The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell ．．．　（the＋比较级 ．．．， the＋比较级 ．．．） 第一，物体越大，下落越快…… 4.As you can see， the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision．　（The reason why ．．．is/was that ．．．） 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事，正是因为我做了正确的决定。 5. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter．　（全部倒装） 接着极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 高考高分 提升密码 Ⅰ．高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法 构词法 名词后缀－ity表示性质、状态、动作或结果 写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义 1.（2024•1月浙江卷）Are you tired of sitting in class all day？ How about incorporating some physical activity into your daily routine？　n．活动 2.（2023•新课标Ⅰ卷）Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step， but don’t beat yourself up about them．To err （犯错） is human．　n．责任 3.（2023•1月浙江卷）With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever， why not book your next domestic vacation on a train？　n．安检 Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考 1.capture vt．捕获；拍摄；俘获；赢得；捕捉 n．（被）捕获；（被）俘获 ①capture the imagination　　　激发想象力 ②capture a heart　　俘获芳心 ③capture a moment/an image　　捕捉瞬间/定格画面 The artist’s use of light captures the tranquility of the countryside at dawn， making viewers feel as if they were there． 艺术家对光线的运用捕捉了黎明时乡村的宁静，让观者仿佛身临其境。 2.casual adj．随意的；非正式的；休闲的；偶然的 ①casual clothes/clothing/outfit　　　便装；休闲服装 ②casual Friday　　休闲星期五 ③casual job/work　　临时工作 ④casual acquaintance　　泛泛之交 The company introduced casual Fridays to boost employee morale， allowing people to wear jeans and T－shirts instead of formal suits． 公司推行休闲星期五以提升员工士气，允许人们穿牛仔裤和T恤代替正装。 3.cautious adj．谨慎的，小心的 ①be cautious about/of （doing） sth　对某事谨慎；小心（做）某事 ②be cautious with sth　　谨慎处理某物 ③extremely/overly/excessively/very cautious　极其/过度/过分/非常谨慎 （2025•1月八省联考）With the lights dimming in the theater， I felt my way to my seat cautiously， trying not to draw any attention from the bikers． 灯光渐暗的剧院里，我小心翼翼地摸索着走向自己的座位，尽量不引起那些摩托车手们的注意。 4.magnificent adj．壮丽的；宏伟的；值得赞扬的 ①magnificent palace　　宏伟的宫殿 ②magnificent waterfall　　壮观的瀑布 ③magnificent opportunity　　绝佳的机会 ④magnificent in sth　　在某方面出众 Standing atop the hill， visitors are greeted by the magnificent castle that has dominated the skyline for centuries， a testament to the power and ambition of its former rulers． 站在山顶，映入游客眼帘的是一座宏伟的城堡，它几个世纪以来一直主宰着天际线，是其昔日统治者权力与野心的见证。 5.voyage n．航行；旅行；航海；航天 vi．航行；（尤指）远航；远行 ①maiden voyage　　　　　首航，处女航 ②voyage of discovery　　探索航行；探索之旅 ③go on a voyage　　去航行；去旅行 ④voyage into the unknown　驶向未知的旅程；探索未知之旅 Early explorers like Magellan faced unimaginable hardships during their long sea voyages around the world． 像麦哲伦这样的早期探险家，在环球航海途中经历了难以想象的艰辛。 核心知识 点面突破 escape vi．& vt．逃离；逃避；被遗忘，被忽视 n．逃跑，逃脱 练通 单句语法填空 ①She tried to escape doing （do） the chores by hiding in her room， but her mother still called her out． 写美 完成句子 ②这个女孩看起来很面熟，但不知怎么的，我忘了她的名字。 The girl looks quite familiar， but her name escapes me somehow． （1）escape （doing） sth　　　　　逃避（做）某事 escape from　　从……逃脱；逃避 sth escape sb　　某物被某人遗忘；没有被某人注意到 （2）have a narrow escape　　死里逃生 佳句 At last， we had a narrow escape， fortunately escaping being hurt by the wild and powerful polar bear．　（动作描写） 最后，我们侥幸逃脱，幸运地没有被那只野性十足、力量强大的北极熊伤到。 survive vi．& vt．活下来；幸存 练通 语块填词 ①She survived from （从……中存活下来） the sudden car accident， and it took months for her to fully recover． ②The weak and tired survivors had to survive on （依靠……生存下来） rainwater and fish for days until they were finally rescued by a helicopter． 写美 完成句子 ③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。　（主旨升华） Life isn’t about how to survive the storm； it’s about learning to dance in the rain． （1）survive from ．．．　　　　　从……中存活下来 survive on ．．．　　依靠……生存下来 survive ．．．by ．．．　　比……多活了…… （2）survivor n．　　幸存者 survival n．　　［U］ 幸存；［C］ 残存物 佳句 Leaving the house，I couldn’t help wondering how it was getting on now．Had it managed to find its way back home，or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive？ 离开这座房子，我不禁想到它现在怎么样了。它是已经设法找到了回家的路，还是仍在某处艰难地生存？ curious adj．好奇的 练通 小语段训练/语块填词 ①John was curious to explore （explore） the old house at the end of the street．With curiosity （好奇地）， he opened the door and looked inside． ②Out of curiosity （出于好奇）， I asked him about his travel experiences． 写美 完成句子 ③我对安静感到好奇，然后回到玛丽的房间门口，往里看。　（心理描写） I was curious about the silence， then returned to the door of Mary’s room and looked in． （1）be curious about sth　　　对某事感到好奇 be curious to do sth　　好奇地做某事；极想做某事 （2）with curiosity　　好奇地 out of curiosity　　出于好奇 （3）curiously adv．　　好奇地 佳句 Curiously enough，the hummingbird replied with a short chirp （唧唧叫） as if it understood what I was saying．　（拟人） 奇怪的是，这只蜂鸟唧唧地叫了一声，好像它听懂了我说的话。 equal adj．相等的；相同的；平等的；胜任的 vt．等于；抵得上 n．同等的人；相等物 练通 单句语法填空 ①Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter， she is equally （equal） interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy． 写美 完成句子/一句多译 ②我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。　（申请信） I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition． ③在我看来，他在打篮球方面是无与伦比的。 →From my point of view， he is without equal in playing basketball． →In my view， he has no equal in playing basketball． （1）be equal to （doing） sth　　等于/胜任（做）某事 （2）equal sb/sth in （doing） sth　在（做）某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 （3）be without equal=have no equal　无与伦比 （4）equality n．　　平等；相等 equally adv．相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地 佳句 For another， be positive and cheerful， for your mental health is equal to your physical health．　（建议信） 另一方面，要积极开朗，因为你的心理健康和身体健康一样重要。 联想 表示“胜任……”的其他表达： （1）be up to；（2）be fit for；（3）be qualified for attempt n．& vt．努力，尝试，企图 练通 语块填词 ①They failed to sell popcorn at the first attempt （第一次尝试）， which left them feeling deeply depressed， but they learned from their mistakes． 写美 完成句子 ②在接下来的几天里，我们试图到处寻找我们的爱犬，但都是徒劳。　（动作描写） In the next few days， we attempted to search for/made an attempt to search for/at searching for our beloved dog in each and every corner， but in vain． （1）attempt to do ．．．　　　　　尝试/试图做…… （2）make an attempt to do/（at） doing ．．．　　尝试做…… at the first attempt　　第一次尝试 佳句 Some even practiced saying my name， and though their attempts were imperfect， I appreciated their efforts．　（2025•全国二卷） 有些人甚至练习叫我的名字，尽管他们尝试的发音并不完美，我仍然很感激他们的努力。 loss n．丧失；死亡 练通 单句语法填空/语块填词 ①We need to cut our losses （loss） and focus on the new project before the deadline． ②I was at a loss （不知所措） for what to do， feeling as if the whole world was closing in on me． 写美 完成句子 ③杰瑞站起身来，在客厅里踱起步来，陷入沉思。 Jerry stood up and walked around the living room，lost in thought． （1）at a loss　　不知所措 （2）lost adj．　　丢失的；迷路的 be lost in　　专注于；迷失于 佳句 ①Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm．　（主旨升华） 成功是从一次失败到另一次失败而不丧失热情的能力。 ②Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life． 金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。 measure vt．估量，衡量；测量 n．措施；尺寸；计量制；计量单位 练通 单句语法填空/语块填词 ①The room measuring （measure） five meters across is comfortable to live in． ②Holding the skirt made to my measure （照我的尺寸做的），I threw myself into my mother’s arms， tears of happiness welling up in my eyes． 写美 完成句子 ③在我看来，衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解人生真正的意义。　（主旨升华） In my opinion，success is not measured by how much money you have， but by how you understand the true meaning of life． （1）measure ．．．by ．．．　 　　　用……来衡量…… （2）take measures to do sth　　采取措施做某事 make sth to sb’s measure　　照某人的尺寸做某物 佳句 China has also taken active measures to protect the environment and promote sustainable development．　（现象介绍） 中国还积极采取措施保护环境，促进可持续发展。 点津①measure用作“措施”时，常用其复数形式； ②measure表示“有……长（宽、高等）”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。 base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt．以……为基地 练通 单句语法填空/语块填词 ①On the basis （base） of what you show，I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position． ②Team members need to receive training after school every day and are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis （定期）． 写美 完成句子 ③得知这个周末你要拜访中国家庭，我写信是想告诉你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。　（告知信） Knowing that you are to visit a Chinese family this weekend， I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners． （1）base ．．．on/upon ．．．　　　把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon　　以……为基础；依据…… （2）basis n．　　基础；基点；根据 on a regular basis　　定期 on the basis of ．．．　　根据……；在……的基础上 （3）basic adj．　　基本的；基础的 佳句 Your grouping strategy is based on randomness， rather than careful pairing，where a weak student is grouped with a stronger one．　（建议信） 您的分组策略基于随意性，而非精心配对，没有将能力弱的学生与能力强的学生配对。 run out 用完，耗尽 练通 介、副词填空 ①In the future，care for the environment will become very important as the Earth’s natural resources are running out． 写美 完成句子 ②我们遇到了一些问题，但我们齐心协力找到了解决方案，并按时完成了任务。 We ran into some problems， but we worked together to find solutions and finished on time． run out of　　　用光，用完（人作主语，有被动语态） run across　　偶然遇到 run after　　追逐；追求 run into　　撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上（困境、麻烦等） 佳句 David was running out of his energy but he was making his way towards the finish line，bathed in sweat．　（动作描写） 大卫的体力已消耗殆尽，但他仍大汗淋漓地朝着终点线奋力前行。 break down 停止运转，出故障；破坏；（谈判、计划等）失败；破裂；精神或情绪崩溃；（身体）垮掉；（化学）分解 练通 介、副词填空 ①During the camp， excitement filled the air．Lily suddenly broke into songs and everyone joined in．But the next morning， chaos broke out when a sudden thunderstorm hit， turning the campsite into a muddy mess． 写美 完成句子 ②听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪从脸颊流下来。　（情绪描写） He broke down at/on hearing the news，tears pouring down his cheeks． break away （from）　　　挣脱（束缚）；脱离 break into　　破门而入；突然……起来 break in　　破门而入；打断；插话 break out　　（战争、洪水、火灾等）爆发；　发生 break through　　取得突破；克服 break up　　打碎；分裂，解体；结束；（关系等）破裂；散去 佳句 My father carefully cut the pumpkin open，so I finally had my head break away from it．　（动作描写） 父亲小心翼翼地把南瓜切开，我的头终于从南瓜中挣脱出来了。 float vi．浮； 漂 ①The paper boat floated down the stream while the children watched it excitedly from the shore． 纸船顺流漂下，孩子们兴奋地在岸边眺望。 ②As the balloon floated high in the sky， the little girl smiled， imagining it carrying her dreams to the clouds． 气球飘向高高的天空，小女孩微笑着，想象它载着自己的梦想飞向云端。 ③The leaf floated slowly towards the water， falling gently from the tree， while the wind whispered softly in the air． 树叶轻盈落下，慢慢飘向水面，微风在空中低语轻拂。 ④He watched the boat float across the river， enjoying the peaceful view of the sunset． 他望着小船漂过河面，沉浸于夕阳西下的宁静余晖中。 句型公式：the＋比较级 ．．．，the＋比较级 ．．． 教材原句：The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell ．．．第一，物体越大，下落越快…… 写美 微写作/翻译句子 ①他越是努力工作，将来取得的成就就会越大。　（人物介绍） The harder he works， the more success he will achieve in the future． ②你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。　（事件介绍） The more you know about our traditional culture，the more interested you are in it． ③她越想这件事，就越感到害怕。　（心理描写） The more she thought about it， the more frightened she felt． “the＋比较级．．．，the＋比较级．．．”的用法： （1）意为“越……，就越……”时，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 （2）第一个“the＋比较级．．．”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；第二个“the＋比较级．．．”是主句。 佳句 The further Jane went in the thick， misty forest， the more nervous and anxious she became．　（动作、心理描写） 珍妮在浓雾弥漫的森林里走得越远，她变得越紧张和焦虑。 句型公式：完全倒装 教材原句：Then came the total darkness of the polar winter． 接着极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 写美 微写作/句式升级 ①“校车来了!”莉莉兴奋地喊道，抓起她的书包冲出门。　（动作描写） “Here comes the school bus!” shouted Lily excitedly， grabbing her school bag and rushing out the door． ②我们敬爱的老师们出席了会议，他们的见解和奉献深刻影响了我们的成长。　（人物描写） Present at the meeting were our beloved teachers， whose insights and dedication have profoundly impacted our growth． ③Our library lies in the center of our school，which is between the garden and the teaching building． →In the center of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building． 完全倒装的三种情况： （1）表示方位或时间的副词（如here、there、in、out、now、then等）位于句首作状语， 谓语动词为go、come等表示位移的动态动词时， 通常用完全倒装； （2）表示方位的介词短语位于句首时， 通常用完全倒装； （3）在主系表结构的句子中， 出于强调的目的， 把表语提前， 则构成完全倒装。 佳句 A few weeks later， when I almost forgot the contest， there came the news．I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days． 几周后，我几乎已经忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。我被告知在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，并且两天后将有一个颁奖仪式。 高效迁移 微点练全 一词多义/熟词生义 1.lecture n．讲座，讲课；教训vi．讲课 vt．训斥 ①I know I should stop smoking — don’t give me a lecture about it．　n．教训 ②She lectures in Russian literature．　vi．讲课 ③He’s always lecturing me about the way I dress．　vt．训斥 ④During the lecture， the students took notes diligently as the professor explained complex theories in a simple way．　n．讲座，讲课 2.observe vt．观察； 注意；庆祝；遵守 ①By observing the traffic lights， we ensure the safety of ourselves and others， which helps maintain order on the road．　vt．遵守 ②（2023•新课标Ⅰ卷）“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says．“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening ．．．”　vt．观察； 注意 ③Could you tell me how you usually observe Harvest Day in your country？　vt．庆祝 3.break down（机器）出故障，停止运转；（物质）分解；（计划）失败；（身体）垮掉；情不自禁地哭起来 ①He broke down and wept when he heard the news．　情不自禁地哭起来 ②If you work hard like that， you will break down one day．　（身体）垮掉 ③Really， the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble．　（机器）出故障，停止运转 ④Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．　（物质）分解 ⑤All our plans broke down because of his opposition．　（计划）失败 4.conduct vt．实施，进行；引导；传导热或电等能量；表现，举止 vi．& vt．指挥 ①（2023•新课标Ⅰ卷）The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases， the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate．　vt．实施，进行 ②The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should．　vt．表现，举止 ③The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city．　 vt．引导 ④Most metals can conduct electricity．　vt．传导热或电等能量 ⑤Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting opera．　vt．指挥 5.escape vi．& vt．逃离；逃避；被遗忘n．逃脱，逃离n．泄漏 ①After escaping from the burning house， the family felt relieved， knowing that they were safe．　vi．逃离；逃避 ②He was an actor whose name escaped me for the moment．　vt．被遗忘 ③They tried to stop the escape of gas from the damaged pipe．　n．泄漏 ④His escape from the daily routine gave him a chance to reflect on his goals， allowing him to plan for a better future．　n．逃脱，逃离 6.process n．过程，进程；工序 vt．加工 ①Indeed， the researchers found that face－to－face interactions and conversations affect the creative process．　n．过程，进程 ②They went over every process again， but without result．　n．工序 ③Brazil began importing soybeans （大豆） to process at home．　vt．加工 7.solid adj．连续的，不间断的；固体的；坚硬的 n．固体 ①The rock was so solid that it was difficult to break it with a hammer．　adj．坚硬的 ②They worked for three solid days to complete the project before the deadline．　adj．连续的，不间断的 ③Gold is a solid metal that has been valued for centuries．　adj．固体的 ④In science class， we conducted an experiment to transform water from a liquid into a solid by freezing it．　n．固体 8.flood n．洪水， 水灾；大量 v．淹没 ①The river flooded the fields， making it impossible for farmers to harvest their crops．　v．淹没 ②The flood caused severe damage to the town， leaving many houses underwater．　n．洪水， 水灾 ③A flood of memories came rushing back to her when she saw the old photo album．　n．大量 9.base n．基地， 大本营；基础 vt．以……为基地 ①The base of all good relationships is trust．Without it， it’s difficult to build strong and lasting connections with others．　n．基础 ②The soldiers returned to their base after a long mission in the field．　n．基地， 大本营 ③ The research team based their findings on data collected from various countries， ensuring that their conclusions were accurate and reliable．　vt．以……为基础 10.He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury．　n．赔偿金 11.Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock．　n．休克 12.If you measure the length of the rope carefully， you will see that it equals the width of the table， making it perfect for the project．　vt．等于 13.The measure of the fabric was checked twice to make sure it matched the design， ensuring a perfect finish for the dress．　n．尺寸 单句语法填空 1.During the meeting， she made comments （comment） on the new proposal， pointing out the areas that needed further discussion． 2.The children were curious to explore （explore） the forest， eager to discover what lay beyond the trees． 3.She attempted to complete （complete） the marathon， pushing herself to keep running despite the pain． 4.He couldn’t escape doing （do） his chores， as his parents had set clear expectations for his responsibilities at home． 5.After learning the basic （base） steps of the dance， she was able to perform it smoothly in front of her friends． 完成句子 1.街道上挤满了忙着置办节日物品的购物者。（be crowded with） The streets were crowded with shoppers preparing for the upcoming holiday． 2.徒步旅行者站在悬崖边缘，既兴奋又害怕。（on the edge of） The hiker stood on the edge of the cliff， feeling both excited and scared． 3.暴风雨过后，许多人被困在家中，无法出去。（trap） After the storm， many people were trapped in their homes， unable to get out． 4.当到达海滩时，她深深吸了吸咸咸的海风。（breathe） When she arrived at the beach， she breathed in the salty sea air． 　应用文增分练——读报体会 　　请你写一篇英语短文，给你校英文报投稿，分享使用英文校报Youth的体会，要点如下： 　　（1）以前，在学好英语方面有困难； 　　（2）现在，阅读Youth有很大帮助。 第一步　根据单元知识写美 句 1.我以前在学好英语方面有困难。（have difficulty in doing ．．．） I had difficulty in learning English well before． 2.我过去常常要花大约15分钟才能读完一篇文章。（It takes sb some time to do ．．．） It used to take me about 15 minutes to finish reading a passage． 3.Youth仿佛是一个神奇的工具，使我的英语水平迅速提高。（as if） Youth has made my English improved rapidly as if it were a magical tool． 4.它之所以受到学生的欢迎，原因是它涵盖了我们青少年感兴趣的新闻。（The reason why ．．．is that ．．．） The reason why it is popular with students is that it covers the news we teenagers are interested in． 5.最受欢迎的专栏之一是“我们周围的榜样”，它讲述了我们学校优秀学生的故事，并且激励着我们更加努力学习。（全部倒装） Among the most loved columns is Role Models Around Us， which tells stories of excellent students in our school， and inspires us to study harder． 6.我读它越多，我阅读英语文章的速度就越快。（the＋比较级 ．．．，the＋比较级 ．．．） The more I read it，the faster I can read English articles． 第二步　连句成篇创佳作 　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇 80词左右的短文。 　　To be honest， I had difficulty in learning English well before．Generally，it used to take me about 15 minutes to finish reading a passage．Youth has made my English improved rapidly as if it were a magical tool．The reason why it is popular with students is that it covers the news we teenagers are interested in．Among the most loved columns is Role Models Around Us， which tells stories of excellent students in our school， and inspires us to study harder．The more I read it， the faster I can read English articles． 　读后续写微技能——地震中的白衣天使 积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接 词汇 积累 人物描写： reliable 动作描写： forecast； grab； rescue； claim； threaten； shelter 环境描写：disaster； eruption； typhoon； hurricane； landslide； tsunami； blizzard； avalanche； crisis； mosquito； midnight； county 佳句 积累 1.Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town．　（情感描写） 2.Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart， I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face．　（情感描写） 3.I was so frightened that I just froze．Mom cried to get out quickly， but it was already too late by then．　（情感描写） 4.Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans， their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on．　（主旨升华） 拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石 动作描写：“头部”动作 靓点 语块 1.raise one’s head抬头 2.scratch one’s head挠头 3.nod/shake one’s head点/摇头 4.throw one’s head back把头往后仰 5.drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one’s head低头 6.rest one’s head on/against ．．．把头靠在……上面 7.put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands双手抱头 出彩佳句 1.When he got home， he buried his head under the quilt， pretending to be asleep． 他回到家， 把头埋在被子里， 假装睡着了。 2.Her mother stopped her housework， raising her head with worry in her eyes．　（动词－ing形式作状语） 她母亲停下了家务活， 抬起头， 眼里流露出忧虑。 3.I rose to my feet， sat close to my mother， rested my head on her shoulder and couldn’t help weeping．　（动词的联动） 我站起身来， 坐在母亲身边， 把头靠在她的肩膀上， 忍不住哭了起来。 4.I walked slowly to the bus， my head down， tears in my eyes．　（独立主格结构） 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去， 低着头， 眼里含着泪水。 重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升 　　场景导入：作为一名护士， “我”在白天上班时遭遇了一场地震，“我”安抚病人并等待救援人员的到来…… 　　I， a nurse， was on day duty when suddenly a tray fell off the table．I scratched my head， 1.wondering what was happening （想知道发生了什么；动词－ing短语作状语）．Then it occurred to me that it was an earthquake．Some patients screamed in terror and headed for the exit．Although I was scared to death， I grabbed my loudspeaker， 2.telling them to bury their heads in their hands （告诉他们用手护住头；动词－ing短语作状语） and crouch under the bed．Then under the bed I held a boy in my arms and he 3.rested his head against my shoulder （把头靠在我的肩膀上）， tears in his eyes．Soon the earthquake stopped and the rescuers came to our rescue and 4.shelter us from further injuries （保护我们免受进一步的伤害）．Thank goodness! 5.The threatening earthquake didn’t claim any death （这场威胁性的地震没有造成任何人员伤亡；无生命名词作主语） and we sighed in relief． 　　（2025•全国一卷，阅读A） 　　The greening of planes， trains and automobiles 　　Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions （排放）．As the world races to decarbonize everything， it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy－related greenhouse gas emissions．Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport． 　　The fuels for transport need to be not just green， cheap and powerful， but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around．Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs． Much is still to be settled， but here are some of the solutions to get us going green． 　　This energy transition （变革） is global， and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind－blowing，” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory．It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately， analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task．“We need to speed up the development of green energy， and it will all get used，” says Wipke． 做真题——感悟命题角度 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章探讨交通运输领域的碳排放问题及绿色转型方案。 21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018？ A.11.6%．　　　　　　　　B.45.1%． C.74.5%．　　 D.86.1%． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一张图中的ROAD （PASSENGER） 45.1%和ROAD （GOODS） 29.4%可知，公路车辆在全球交通排放中的总占比：45.1%＋29.4%=74.5%。 22.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily？ A．Planes． B．Trucks． C．Trains． D．Ships． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二张图中TRAINS—Electricity部分可知，火车使用电能作为能源，一些火车已经实现了电气化，其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电气化。相对图中描述的飞机、卡车和轮船的燃料转型，火车绿色转型更简单。 23.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition？ A．Limiting fuel consumption． B．Putting more effort into renewables． C．Improving energy efficiency． D．Making electricity more affordable． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段末句可知，Wipke认为需要加快绿色能源的发展，绿色能源将全部投入使用。B项（加大对可再生能源的投入）与文意相符。 理脉络——构建篇章思维 再利用——拓宽词句积累 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.mode n．　　　　　　　　方式 2.specific adj．　　特定的 3.aviation n．　　航空工业 4.analyses n．　　分析 5.option n．　　可选择的事物；选择 6.plug v．　　接电源，插插头 （二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇 1.decarbonize v．［派生词］ 脱碳（de－＋carbonize） 2.energy－efficient adj．［合成词］ 节能的（energy＋efficient） 3.solid－state adj．［合成词］ 固态的（solid＋state） 4.electrify v．［派生词］ 使电气化（electric＋－fy） 5.redesign n．［派生词］ 重新设计（re－＋design） 6.mind－blowing adj．［派生词］ 非常令人吃惊的（mind＋blow＋－ing） （三）由文本积主题语块 1.be responsible for　　　　　对……负责 2.a large part of　　很大部分 3.account for　　（数量、比例上）占 4.renewable energy　　可再生能源 5.in pretty simple ways　　用非常简单的方式 6.up to　　达到（某个标准） 7.the global demand　　全球需求 8.speed up　　（使）加快速度 （四）由文本知变式运用 1.近义替换（用文中的词汇替换） ①hurries to decarbonize everything→races（第一段） ②the resolution to get us going green→solutions （第二段） 2.熟词生义（文中生义） ①breakdown ［熟义］ n．（汽车或机器的）故障，损坏 →［生义］ n．明细（第一段最后一句） ②charge ［熟义］ n．费用；指控→ ［生义］ n．（电池的）充电量（表格CARS — Batteries最后一句） （五）由文本探析长难句 Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks， but making green hydrogen is expensive． 分析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，两个分句皆为主系表结构；前一分句的主语是Hydrogen fuel cells，谓语是are，表语是比较结构a lighter choice than batteries for trucks；后一分句主语是making green hydrogen（动词－ing短语），谓语是is，表语是expensive。 译文： 对于卡车来说，氢燃料电池比电池更轻，但生产绿色氢的成本很高。 跟踪检测（一） Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•江西宜春二模）Lauren and Andrew Gruel， owners of a seafood restaurant， Calico Fish House， tend to think locally．Most of their seafood is sourced from local fishermen．However， this week， their focus shifted when wildfires erupted near Los Angeles．The Gruels transformed their restaurant into a wildfire relief station， organizing the delivery of donated goods to affected communities． 　　The fires have caused significant destruction， with at least 10 deaths and thousands of structures burned．Over 180，000 people have evacuated （撤离）， with many more under evacuation warnings．“It touches at your heartstrings （心弦），” Lauren Gruel said， “you could see the smoke in the air from here， and just to think of the destruction that they’re experiencing really just breaks your soul．” 　　Calico Fish House has become a shelter for many uprooted Los Angelenos seeking safety and better air quality．Volunteers have flooded the restaurant， bringing supplies and offering their help．The restaurant was lined with boxes of clothes， food， and water， ready for distribution．“We’ve seen such an outpouring of support，” Lauren said．“We’re so thankful that people have trusted us to bring the items that they donated to where they need to go．” 　　Andrew Gruel and volunteers cooked beef and eggs to feed first responders （救援人员） and volunteers in Los Angeles．Calico Fish House also offered free meals to fire victims， with over 50 groups taking advantage of the offer．“If you need to stay here， grab a bite to eat， and figure out your next step， you’re welcome to stay，” Andrew Gruel said． 　　Alex Ordorica， a local resident， used his truck to help transport supplies．“I just thought it was going to help out．That’s what we’re raised to do，” he said．Despite the dark cloud hanging over them， the community’s spirit of unity and support has been a light of hope in these challenging times． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gruel夫妇将餐厅变为野火救援站，帮助受灾群众的故事。 1.Why did the Gruels transform their local restaurant？　（　　） A．To minimize destruction caused by fires． B．To donate goods to affected communities． C．To enhance the promotion of their seafood． D．To aid relief efforts in response to the wildfire． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中The Gruels transformed ．．．affected communities．可知，格鲁尔夫妇把他们的餐厅变成了一个野火救援站，目的是帮助受灾的社区。 2.What does the underlined word “uprooted” in paragraph 3 mean？　（　　） A．Homeless． B．Fearless． C．Aimless． D．Sleepless． 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中Over 180，000 people have evacuated， with many more under evacuation warnings．以及第三段中画线词所在句可知，许多人因为火灾而失去家园，变得无家可归，因此uprooted指的是“无家可归的”。 3.What can we know about fire victims from paragraph 4？　（　　） A．They all accepted the offer provided by Andrew． B．They cooked food for responders and volunteers． C．They were employed by Andrew for their clear goals． D．They were free to dine and rest at Andrew’s restaurant． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中Calico Fish House also offered ．．．welcome to stay可知，火灾受害者可以在安德鲁的餐馆免费吃饭和休息。 4.Which words can best describe the Gruels？　（　　） A．Modest and generous． B．Thoughtful and diligent． C．Considerate and warm－hearted． D．Sympathetic and courageous． 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段中The Gruels transformed their restaurant into a wildfire relief station以及第三段中Calico Fish House has become a shelter for many uprooted Los Angelenos可推知，格鲁尔夫妇考虑周到，且充满热心。 ①destruction n．毁灭 ②shelter n．避难所 ③break one’s soul 使心碎 ④take advantage of 利用 ⑤outpouring （派）=out＋pour＋－ing n．涌现 B 　　（2026•河南新乡二模）As a result of decades of man－made climate change， an increasing number of trees are suffering．So far， the European beech （山毛榉）， the most important native forest tree species in Europe， has experienced a decline in growth， primarily in southern Europe．A research team from the University of Gottingen has now demonstrated in a study that the European beech is also suffering from increased drought stress in northern Germany during the summer．This climate stress is more palpable in warmer locations， where these trees are more densely planted， and on very sandy soils． 　　Climate change is affecting forests worldwide， including those in northern Germany．Rising temperatures can lead to drought， stressing and killing trees．Changes in precipitation （降水） patterns， such as drought and extreme weather events like heavy rainfall or flooding， also impact forest health．Warmer temperatures increase the risk of pests and diseases that can damage or kill trees．Additionally， drought， extreme weather， and higher temperatures elevate the risk of forest fires． 　　The researchers chose a wide range of sites in their study， from wet to very dry， because there are very dry beech forests even in northern Germany．The scientists collected numerous wood samples at each of these locations in order to measure the tree rings in the tree trunks． 　　“We can look back over many decades and reconstruct tree growth in the past，” says Dr．Robert Weigel， a researcher in Plant Ecology and Ecosystem Research．These data were combined with those from climate stations in order to determine the relationship between climate and tree growth． 　　Research has found that the drought and high temperatures in June are key climatic factors affecting the growth of beech trees in all study areas．The drier the region， the slower the growth of trees．“These results are a warning that the European beech will also be increasingly affected by drought， not just in southern Europe， but also in many regions here in Germany，” says Weigel． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化对欧洲山毛榉树的影响。 5.Why did the author mention the significance of the European beech？　（　　） A．To estimate its status． B．To investigate its variety． C．To show the basis of the research． D．To prove the necessity of the research． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的So far ．．．from increased drought stress in northern Germany during the summer．可推知，作者提到欧洲山毛榉是欧洲最重要的本土森林树种是为了证明研究的必要性。 6.What does the underlined word “palpable” in paragraph 1 mean？　（　　） A．Mysterious． B．Distinct． C．Authentic． D．Smooth． 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第一段的A research team ．．．during the summer．以及画线词后半句可知，这种气候压力在更温暖的地方以及沙质土壤上更为明显，由此可推出，画线词意为“明显的”。 7.What is the function of the second paragraph？　（　　） A．To provide background for the European beech trees study． B．To raise a reasonable doubt about the research process． C．To present a further explanation of the research methods． D．To speculate potential application of the research findings． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了气候变化对全球森林的影响，包括气温上升导致的干旱、降水模式的变化、病虫害的增加以及森林火灾风险的提高。由此可推知，这些信息为下文关于欧洲山毛榉树的研究提供了背景。 8.What is the main idea of the text？　（　　） A．Global warming’s impact on forest ecosystem． B．The beech’s tree ring analysis in climate research． C．Climate change’s effect on European beech trees． D．Measures to handle pests and diseases in European beech forests． 解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了由于气候变化，越来越多的树木受到影响，特别是欧洲山毛榉，作为欧洲最重要的本土森林树种，在欧洲南部已经出现了生长衰退的现象。由此可知，本文主要谈论的是气候变化对欧洲山毛榉树的影响。 ①drought n．干旱 ②as a result of 由于 ③suffer from 遭受 ④a range of 一系列 ⑤suffering （派）=suffer＋－ing n．受苦 C 　　（2026•福建师大附中质检）One day， I was walking across campus when I spotted one of my students sitting on a bench， her face turned toward the sun， her eyes closed．I went over and asked if I could sit with her．When I asked how she was doing， she explained that her phone had “crashed”， and she was bored． 　　The moment reminded me how deeply we’re shaped by the digital world．Our devices， including computers， smartphones and the never－ending flow of online content， keep feeding us fresh updates， training us to expect continued stimulation．We’ve become trapped in a cycle of response， as if any pause were a problem to be solved． 　　My thoughts wandered back to my childhood — those afternoons spent staring out the window， doing nothing in particular．What felt like aimless boredom was actually a retooling period when my mind needed to reset before it could rediscover joy and invention．Before I knew it， I was building models， climbing trees， or playing instruments． 　　“What are your personal interests？” I asked my student．Her eyes lit up as she showed me her amazing artwork．“Have you ever felt bored while drawing？” I asked．“Never， ” she said， though ideas didn’t always come easily．“Does that annoy you？” “No，” she responded， “because I know that something will eventually pop into my head．When it does， it’s a real rush of satisfaction．” 　　That was it．That was exactly it．She needed to walk in the desert before arriving at the oasis （绿洲）．She needed to experience a complete lack of inspiration before it struck her．This must have been what Ralph Waldo Emerson meant when he wrote， “Guard well your spare moments．They are like uncut diamonds ．．．Improve them and they will become the brightest gems （宝石） in a useful life．” 　　As I left， I told her the truth：“I envy you” — not for her dead device， but for the creative space it had opened． 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章叙述了作者与一名学生的校园邂逅，反思数字时代对“空白”的恐惧，指出创造力正孕育于放下电子设备的静默之中。 9.What is the author’s main concern over digital devices？　（　　） A．They cause unease during quiet pauses． B．They require frequent software updates． C．They often stop working without warning． D．They may replace face－to－face interaction． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Our devices ．．．as if any pause were a problem to be solved．可知，作者担忧的是数字设备让人在安静时感到不安。 10.What role did boredom play in the author’s childhood？　（　　） A．It taught him to be patient． B．It gave him time to recharge． C．It developed his rich imagination． D．It helped him avoid digital distraction． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的My thoughts wandered back ．．．rediscover joy and invention．可知，童年那段无所事事的空白，实质上是大脑重启，给作者“充电”的时间。 11.What can we learn from the student’s response？　（　　） A．True artists never feel bored． B．Drawing requires special training． C．Inspiration comes after waiting． D．Satisfaction begins when desire ends． 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的I know ．．．a real rush of satisfaction可知，灵感会在耐心等待之后降临。 12.What advice is the author implying by saying“I envy you” in the last paragraph？　（　　） A．Use phone less． B．Hold tight to youth． C．Search for more treasure． D．Spare time for creativity． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段作者道别时所说的话可知，作者明确说明“羡慕的不是学生故障的手机，而是手机故障带来的创作空间”，可见其隐含建议是“为创造力留出时间”。 ①device n．设备；仪器 ②pop into 顺道去；突然想到 ③boredom （派）=bore＋－dom n．无聊 ④inspiration （派）=inspire＋－ation n．灵感 ⑤satisfaction （派）=satisfy＋－action n．满足 ⑥retooling （派）=re－＋tool＋－ing n．重新改造装备；重组；更新改造 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•济南历城二中高三期末）Breakthroughs from science and technology have completely changed much of human life.13.　　 The following are some examples of traditional methods， old ideas， and ancient techniques that are helping to solve problems in the 21st century． 　　Yacouba Sawadogo， a farmer from Burkina Faso， West Africa， has led the transformation of poor， dry land into productive agricultural land．14.　　 Pits （坑） are dug in the ground， allowing water to gather in one place．Since popularizing the use of pits， Sawadogo has helped increase food production in Burkina Faso． 　　15.　　 Here deep holes are dug in places where crops are grown， enabling water to be directed precisely to places where it is needed．And the holes are covered with soil， straw and other materials to keep in as much moisture （水分） as possible． 　　And in Thailand， some farmers have avoided modern， chemical－based methods for pest control and are instead adopting the ancient method using ducks known locally as “ped lai thoong”， meaning “field chasing （追赶） ducks”.16.　　 　　As for forest problems， periodic fires can be a solution．The reason is that they can clear out dead organic material， expose the forest floor to sunlight， and nourish the soil.17.　　 Researchers have found that ancient inhabitants of the Amazon region had been using fire to clear the rainforest in a carefully controlled way to limit the risk of large outbreaks． A．But this practice is nothing new． B．Ancient techniques are proving more effective， though． C．This ground－based technique is a great help to precise farming． D．He has done it thanks to an ancient way of trapping water in the soil． E．Digging holes forms an important part of agriculture in Zimbabwe， too． F．These birds are left to wander freely among fields to eat harmful insects． G．But sometimes， tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time can still be of use． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种能帮助解决现代耕种和森林问题的传统方法。 13.G　根据语境可知，空处与空前内容形成转折关系。故G项（但有时候，经受住了时间考验的方法仍然有用）符合语境。 14.D　根据语境可知，空处应提及Yacouba Sawadogo是如何做的，他采用了什么样的方法。D项（他能做到这一点要归功于一种将水留存在土壤中的古老方法）承上启下，符合语境。 15.E　空处位于段首，为段落主旨句。根据下文可知，本段提及的传统方法应与deep holes有关，且空处应点明Here所指的地方。E项（在津巴布韦，挖洞也是农业的重要组成部分）能够概括段落的主要内容，符合语境。 16.F　根据上文可知，空处应具体介绍这种方法，F项（这些鸭子在田野里自由地游荡，捕食害虫）符合语境。F项中的These birds指代上文中的ducks。 17.A　根据上下文可知，空处内容应是在说这种做法以前就有。A项（但这种做法并不新鲜）与上文形成转折，且与空后内容呼应，符合语境。 ①technology n．技术 ②region n．地区 ③clear out 清除 ④chase ［熟义］ v．追逐→［生义］ v．驱赶 （文义） ⑤breakthrough（合）=break＋through n．突破 ⑥outbreak （合）=out＋break n．爆发 跟踪检测（二） 　　　　 Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•江苏南通二模）Soon after Mr and Mrs Bacchus started farming their little patch of land， they faced a major problem — a plague of birds that fed on their precious crops．Then， a man stopped on the road outside their house， and asked the couple if he could take photographs of the birds on the property．Afterwards， he suggested that instead of trying to get rid of the birds， they should instead learn to live alongside them， and Maraksacha Reserve was born． 　　Today， the couple credit this man， the celebrated bird photographer Manu Espinosa， with changing their lives， and helping them persuade others of the vital importance of conservation in this region． 　　Birding tourism is flourishing in Ecuador， with increasing numbers of specialist tour groups．Ecuador contains a variety of ecosystems at differing elevations， which helps explain why it’s among the top 10 countries in the world for bird diversity．The country is home to over 1，600 bird species — nearly double the number found in all of Europe — within an area just slightly larger than the UK． 　　As the business of birding grows， more and more farmers are switching their land from agriculture to bird reserves， benefiting not just the birds， but the country’s economy too．One notable example is the Ajila family， who have devoted themselves to preserving the long－wattled umbrellabird．On his land near Recinto， landowner Luis Ajila has switched from dairy farming to conservation， replanting trees and promoting the site to wildlife tourists — work that he says is a better livelihood than farming． 　　“Wildlife tourism is much more profitable than farming， but that wasn’t our only motivation，” says Luis Ajila’s son．“We aimed to protect not just the umbrellabird， but all the unique wildlife here， safeguarding them for future generations．” 　　Since 2005， Angel Paz has transformed his former dairy farm into a bird reserve．At first， things didn’t go to plan： it took a month for the first visitor to arrive， and he paid just $10 for a four－hour tour．Since then， however， thousands of people have made the pilgrimage．“I have protected my home and its birdlife for almost two decades， and finally watched the wildlife — and the people who visit — flourish，” Angel Paz says． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一对夫妇和摄影师Manu Espinosa在厄瓜多尔创办了保护区，发展观鸟旅游业，同时带动其他农户将农田转变为观鸟地，这既促进了当地的旅游业又保护了环境。 1.What advice did the photographer give to the couple？　（　　） A．Photographing the birds． B．Coexisting with the birds． C．Protecting their precious crops． D．Taking care of their property． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中Afterwards， he suggested ．．．was born．可知，摄影师建议这对夫妇与鸟类共存。 2.What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about？　（　　） A．How Ecuador is geographically unique． B．What distinguishes Ecuador’s biodiversity． C．What makes Ecuador a birding destination． D．How birding tourism is operated in Ecuador． 解析：C　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，厄瓜多尔因多样的生态系统和高海拔差异，成为全球鸟类多样性前十的国家，并吸引观鸟旅游，因此，本段主要介绍了厄瓜多尔成为观鸟目的地的核心原因。 3.What have the Ajila family achieved？　（　　） A．Helping other farmers shake off poverty． B．Combining profitability with sustainability． C．Applying new technology in modern farming． D．Changing the landscapes of their residential areas． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中On his land ．．．safeguarding them for future generations．可知，Ajila家庭将农场转为保护区，既通过生态旅游获利，又致力于保护野生动物，体现经济与生态可持续性的结合。 4.What can we learn from Angel Paz’s story？　（　　） A．Well begun is half done． B．It takes time to bear fruit． C．The early bird catches the worm． D．The secret to success is adaptability． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中At first， things didn’t go ．．．Angel Paz says．可知，Angel Paz的保护区初期游客稀少且收入微薄，但经过长期坚持，最终游客增多，生态与旅游业共同繁荣，B项准确反映了这一过程，强调耐心与坚持的重要性。 ①devote oneself to 致力于 ②take photographs of 拍照 ③credit ［熟义］ n．学分→［生义］ v．归功于 （文义） ④celebrated （派）=celebrate＋－ed adj．著名的 ⑤conservationist （派）=conserve＋－ation＋－ist n．环保主义者 ⑥wildlife （合）=wild＋life n．野生动植物 B 　　（2026•陕西安康三模）Dionisia Moreno， a 70－year－old native farmer， still remembers when Shallap River， nearly 13， 000 feet up in the Cordillera Blanca， brought clear water filled with trout （鳟鱼） to her village．“People and animals alike could drink the water without suffering，” she said．“Now the water is red．No one can drink it．” 　　At first glance， the river seems a victim of mining pollution as Peru， a major copper， silver， and gold producer， has rust－colored waters near abandoned mines．However， the real issue lies with the Cordillera Blanca’s tropical glaciers．These glaciers， a major Peruvian freshwater source， are highly temperature－sensitive．Once refilled in winter， they’ve shrunk over 40% since 1968.Exposed rocks cause acid rock drainage （排水）， polluting water， degrading ecosystems， and damaging basic facilities． 　　To identify hot spots， Dr．Loayza and other scientists used satellite images to analyze the sunlight reflected by glacial lakes．Their model has identified 60 lakes in the Cordillera Blanca that are highly acidic．Dr．Loayza has confirmed acid rock drainage in five of the eight glacial valleys it has tested so far． 　　Meltwaters are most acidified， and most filled with heavy metals， in the high Andes， where the glaciers are actively melting．At first， the melting of the glaciers brought an abundance of water．But research has shown that waters in the Cordillera Blanca have since passed “peak water”， meaning that less water is now leaking down in the dry season．That is going to leave a large surface of minerals exposed．One peak， Pastoruri， has already outflowed so much of its ice that it no longer qualifies as a glacier．Tourists once flocked to the mountain to ski， camp and climb its slopes．Today， meltwater gathers there in reddish pools that are like open wounds． 　　Ms Moreno said she longed for the abundance of her youth， when trout could be plucked from the river， thick snow and ice covered the peaks， springs flooded from the mountainside and grasses for cattle grew waist－high．She said， “They say the glaciers will disappear， and the rivers will run red，” she said．“That’s coming true．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了秘鲁科迪勒拉布兰卡山脉的冰川融化现象及其对当地环境和居民生活的影响。 5.What is the main reason for water pollution in Shallap River？　（　　） A．The industrial landfills． B．The neighboring mining activities． C．The mineral reactions in rocks． D．The wide spread of animal waste． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中However， the real issue ．．．and damaging basic facilities．可知，水污染的主要原因是岩石中的矿物反应。 6.Why do scientists analyze glacial lake sunlight？　（　　） A．To track ice melting rates． B．To locate acidic water sources． C．To predict rainfall patterns． D．To identify pollution levels． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中To identify hot spots ．．．that are highly acidic．可知，科学家分析冰川湖泊反射的阳光是为了确定“热点区域”，即定位酸性水源。 7.What does the change of Pastoruri peak imply？　（　　） A．Tourism activities will be popular． B．More agricultural land is available． C．More mines are dug． D．The local ecosystem is damaged． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中One peak ．．．open wounds．以及第二段中Exposed rocks ．．．and damaging basic facilities．可知，Pastoruri的冰层大量消融，已不再是冰川，曾经游客云集，如今融水汇聚成红色水塘。而上文提到冰川融化导致裸露岩石引发酸性岩石排水，污染水源、破坏生态系统并损坏基础设施。由此可知，Pastoruri的变化意味着当地生态系统遭到了破坏。 8.What does the underlined word “plucked” in the last paragraph mean？　（　　） A．Caught． B．Lifted． C．Drawn． D．Removed． 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，Moreno女士怀念年轻时物资丰饶的时光，那时鳟鱼可以从河里“plucked”，结合语境可知，这里表达的是能从河里捕获鳟鱼。因此，plucked意为“捕获”。 ①glacier n．冰川 ②leak v．渗漏 ③at first glance 初看 ④abundance （派）=abundant＋－ce n．丰富 ⑤meltwater （合）=melt＋water n．融水 Ⅱ．完形填空 　　（2026•四川宜宾二模）On a hot morning， a friend called me．He had found a 　9　 injured baby raccoon （浣熊）， which， just about eight weeks old， was in terrible shape．As part of my job， I was 　10　 to care for injured animals until they could be released into the wild．I had some doubt whether he would 　11　 the night．Still， I took him home， named him Trouper， and cleaned his 　12　， hoping for a miracle． 　　For four days， the raccoon didn’t move．On the fifth morning， I nearly lost 　13　．Holding him， I whispered， “Sorry．” Suddenly， he 　14　 his legs， moved his mouth weakly and shook himself — as if saying， “I’m still fighting!” That moment gave me 　15　 that he might recover． 　　Weeks later， while helping him practice walking， a sudden wind shut the door 　16　．I jumped， but Trouper didn’t 　17　．My heart sank： he was deaf．Worse， he couldn’t smell or 　18　．As someone with fading vision myself， I understood his struggle．I decided not to 　19　 him away．Together with my dog， we started a 　20　 life． 　　Now 10 years old， Trouper works as a licensed wildlife 　21　．I take him to schools and community centers to teach about respecting life．His story has been a（n） 　22　 reminder for many years： every creature 　23　 a chance． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助一只受伤的小浣熊Trouper，并与其共同生活的经历，以及Trouper后来成为野生动物大使的故事。 9.A．slightly B．seriously C．frequently D．purposely 解析：B　根据下文which， just about eight weeks old， was in terrible shape．以及For four days， the raccoon didn’t move．可知，这只小浣熊受伤很严重。 10.A．required B．forced C．ordered D．guided 解析：A　根据上文As part of my job可知，作为工作的一部分，作者被要求照顾受伤的动物。短语be required to do sth意为“被要求做某事”。 11.A．enjoy B．suffer C．survive D．fear 解析：C　根据上文小浣熊was in terrible shape可知，作者担心它是否能活下来。 12.A．fur B．face C．legs D．wounds 解析：D　根据上文injured baby raccoon可知，作者为小浣熊清理伤口。 13.A．temper B．interest C．hope D．courage 解析：C　结合上文For four days， the raccoon didn’t move．可知，作者快要放弃希望。 14.A．broke B．stretched C．checked D．treated 解析：B　根据下文moved his mouth weakly and shook himself可知，小浣熊动了，说明它伸展了一下腿。 15.A．confidence B．advice C．desperation D．resolution 解析：A　根据小浣熊的反应as if saying， “I’m still fighting!”可知，作者开始有信心它能康复。 16.A．gently B．partly C．gradually D．violently 解析：D　结合下文I jumped可知，门是猛然关闭的。 17.A．watch B．mind C．fall D．react 解析：D　根据上文I jumped作者被吓到，以及but可知，此处表示Trouper却没反应。 18.A．see B．touch C．hear D．taste 解析：A　根据下文fading vision可推断出，它的视力也出问题了。 19.A．put B．drive C．send D．give 解析：C　根据下文Together with my dog ．．．可知，作者决定留下它。 20.A．lonely B．new C．plain D．luxury 解析：B　救下并留下浣熊意味着开始了一段新的生活。 21.A．ambassador B．student C．agent D．rescuer 解析：A　根据下文teach about respecting life可知，它成为动物保护的大使。 22.A．general B．distant C．occasional D．constant 解析：D　结合for many years表明是持续不断地提醒人们。 23.A．seizes B．loses C．deserves D．understands 解析：C　根据上文respecting life可知，每一个生命都值得拥有机会。 ①miracle n．奇迹 ②licensed adj．获准的 ③fight ［熟义］ v．打架→［生义］ v．顽强生存，抗争 （文义） ④fading （派）=fade＋－ing adj．渐退的 ⑤reminder （派）=remind＋－er n．提醒……的东西 ⑥name（转）n．名字→v．命名 Ⅲ．语法填空 　　（2026•甘肃兰州三模）When Andrea Cavazzuti， an Italian student， first saw China on a map in his teenage years， he was filled with 24.　　　　　　 （curious）．He learned by chance that Chinese was taught at a university in Venice and traveled to the city 25.　　　　　　 （investigate）．Nevertheless， there was little introduction 26.　　　　　　 the program， and some people even tried to persuade him not to learn the language．But the young Cavazzuti was rebellious．“The more they discouraged me， the 27.　　　　　　 I thought it was worth doing，” he said． 　　After enrolling in the program， Cavazzuti got the opportunity to take a language workshop at Nanjing University in the summer of 1981.The next year， he 28.　　　　　　 （offer） a scholarship to study contemporary Chinese literature at Fudan University， and he graduated in 1984. 　　Between 1981 and 1984， Cavazzuti took pictures of local people in over 30 cities across China， including Beijing， Shanghai， Suzhou， Qingdao， Xiamen and Sanya.29.　　　　　　 （image） of workers， farmers， hairdressers and kids were all captured by his lenses．Cavazzuti and another Italian photographer displayed their photos at an exhibition in Beijing in 1993.And 18 years later， he published his first Chinese photographic collection — At Ease， showcasing some of his black and white photos 30.　　　　　　 （take） between 1981 and 1984.“The photographic collection recorded a bygone era， 31.　　　　　　 in fact was significant to Chinese people，” Zhi An， a Chinese writer and a friend of Cavazzuti said．“Cavazzuti was interested in minute changes in Chinese society， 32.　　　　　　 （capture） ordinary people’s minor but happy moments， which may 33.　　　　　　 （ignore） by other photographers．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利学生 Andrea Cavazzuti 对中国的好奇心，以及他如何在中国学习中文、拍摄照片，并最终出版摄影集的故事。 24.curiosity　考查名词。空处作介词with的宾语，应用名词curiosity，意为“好奇心”，是不可数名词。故填curiosity。 25.to investigate　考查非谓语动词。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填 to investigate。 26.to　考查介词。introduction to ．．．意为“对……的介绍”，为固定搭配。故填 to。 27.more　考查比较级。根据空前的The more可知，此处表示“越……就越……”，应用“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构。故填more。 28.was offered　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语The next year可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语he与offer之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为he， be动词用was。故填was offered。 29.Images　考查名词复数。image意为“照片”，是可数名词，根据空后的of workers， farmers， hairdressers and kids可知，此处应用复数形式，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填 Images。 30.taken　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，修饰名词photos，且take与photos之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填taken。 31.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a bygone era，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 32.capturing　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作状语，且Cavazzuti与capture之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填capturing。 33.have been ignored　考查情态动词＋完成时的被动语态。ignore 与主语 which（指代先行词 moments）之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，结合 may 和语境可知，此处表示对过去事情不太确定的推测，意为“（过去）可能被……”用 may have been done 结构，空处用完成时的被动结构。故填 have been ignored。 译文：Cavazzuti对中国社会的细微变化感兴趣，捕捉普通人的微小但快乐的时刻，这些时刻可能被其他摄影师忽视了。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $