期末复习专项语法精讲及配套练习2025-2026学年人教版七年级下册英语

◆ 七年级下册 · 语法专项总复习 ◆ ★ 人教版新目标 | 六大核心语法模块 ★ ▶ 精讲 + 练习 + 详细解析 | 期末冲刺必备 ◀ ◆ 专项一：特殊疑问句 · 形容词 · 名词复数 ◆ ● Unit 1 Animal Friends ● Wh-questions / Adjectives / Plurals ■ 知识点精讲 考点1：特殊疑问句（Wh-questions） 用疑问词 what, where, why, when, who, how 等提问，结构：疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序。 例句：—Why do you like penguins? —Because they're cute. —Where are they from? —They are from Antarctica. —What does it look like? —It has a long neck. 考点2：形容词（Adjectives） 用来修饰名词或作表语，说明人或事物的特征、状态。 例句：They are cute. / It is a huge animal. 注意：形容词放在名词前（a cute dog）或放在系动词后（The dog is cute）。 考点3：名词复数（Plurals） 规则变化：一般加-s；以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es；辅音+y变y为i加-es；以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v加-es（如wolf→wolves）。 不规则变化：man→men, child→children, mouse→mice等。 例句：I like wolves. / There are many foxes. ■ 专项练习题 一、用适当的疑问词填空（what, where, why, who, how） 1. —______ do you like koalas? —Because they are very cute. 2. —______ are the lions from? —They are from Africa. 3. —______ does a giraffe look like? —It has a long neck. 4. —______ is that girl over there? —She is my sister. 5. —______ many books do you have? —I have five. 二、用所给形容词的适当形式填空 6. The elephant is very ______ (strong). 7. These dogs are ______ (play) and friendly. 8. Snakes are ______ (scare). I don't like them. 三、写出下列名词的复数形式 9. fox → ______ 10. wolf → ______ 11. mouse → ______ 12. baby → ______ 四、句型转换 13. I like pandas because they are cute.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ you like pandas? 14. The elephant is from Africa.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the elephant from? ◆ 专项二：祈使句 · 情态动词（can / have to / must） ◆ ● Unit 2 No Rules, No Order ● Imperatives / Modal verbs ■ 知识点精讲 考点1：祈使句（Imperatives） 表示命令、请求、建议等，用动词原形开头，否定形式为 Don't + 动词原形。 例句：Keep your school clean. / Don't run in the hallways. 考点2：情态动词 can / have to / must can：表示能力或允许（“能，可以”），否定 can't。 have to：表示客观需要（“不得不”），有人称和时态变化（has to, had to），否定 don't have to。 must：表示主观义务或必要（“必须”），否定 mustn't（禁止）。 例句：We must wear uniforms. / You have to walk in the hallway. / Students can eat in the dining hall. ■ 专项练习题 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（祈使句） 1. ______ (be) polite to everyone. 2. ______ (not talk) loudly in the library. 3. ______ (put) up your hand if you have a question. 二、用 can, have to, must 或其否定形式填空 4. You ______ (必须) wear a seat belt in the car. 5. We ______ (不得不) arrive at school before 8:00 every day. 6. Mary ______ (不能) run in the hallway, she ______ (必须) walk. 7. You ______ (不必) finish it now. You can do it later. 8. Students ______ (可以) eat snacks in the classroom? No, they ______ (不可以). 三、句型转换 9. You must keep quiet in the library.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ quiet in the library. 10. We have to clean the classroom after school.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ to clean the classroom after school? ◆ 专项三：物主代词 · 频度副词 ◆ ● Unit 3 Keep Fit ● Possessive pronouns / Adverbs of frequency ■ 知识点精讲 考点1：物主代词（Possessive pronouns） 分为形容词性（my, your, his, her, its, our, their）和名词性（mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs）。 形容词性后接名词，名词性单独使用。 例句：This is my book. / The book is mine. 考点2：频度副词（Adverbs of frequency） 表示动作发生的频率，按频率高低排序：always > usually > often > sometimes > seldom > hardly ever > never。 位置：放在实义动词前，be动词/助动词后。 例句：I always get up early. / She is seldom late for school. ■ 专项练习题 一、用适当的物主代词（形容词性或名词性）填空 1. —Is this baseball glove ______ (you)? —Yes, it's ______ (I). 2. These are ______ (we) rackets. ______ (their) are over there. 3. —Whose bike is this? —It's ______ (she). 4. I like ______ (he) skateboard. ______ (my) is old. 二、选词填空（频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never） 5. I ______ (总是) go swimming on weekends. 6. She ______ (几乎从不) eats junk food. 7. We ______ (有时) play football after school. 8. He ______ (很少) talks in class. 三、句型转换 9. She often plays badminton after class.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ plays badminton after class. 10. They go to the gym twice a week.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ do they go to the gym? ◆ 专项四：选择疑问句 · 可数/不可数名词 ◆ ● Unit 4 Eat Well ● Alternative questions / Countable & Uncountable nouns ■ 知识点精讲 考点1：选择疑问句（Alternative questions） 提供两个或多个选项，用 or 连接，语调先升后降。 例句：Would you like juice or coffee? —Which would you like with your meal, rice or noodles? —Noodles, please. 考点2：可数名词与不可数名词 可数名词有单复数，不可数名词无复数，常用 some/any/much/a little 修饰不可数，many/a few 修饰可数。 可数名词单数前用 a/an，不可数名词不能用 a/an。 例句：I'd like some water. (不可数) / I eat an apple every day. (可数) ■ 专项练习题 一、按要求完成选择疑问句 1. Would you like ______ (coffee / tea)? (用or连接) 2. —Which do you prefer, ______ (milk / juice)? —Milk, please. 3. I like ______ (pork / chicken) better than fish. 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空（注意可数/不可数） 4. There are two ______ (watermelon) on the table. 5. We need ______ (some / any) sugar for the cake. 6. How many ______ (cookie) did you eat? 7. I'd like ______ (a / an) egg and ______ (some / any) bread. 三、句型转换 8. I have milk and juice. (改为选择疑问句) ______ you ______ milk ______ juice? 9. There is some rice in the bowl.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ rice in the bowl. ◆ 专项五：现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense） ◆ ● Units 5 & 6 Here and Now / Rain or Shine ● 现在进行时（1）（2） ■ 知识点精讲 基本结构：主语 + be (am/is/are) + doing（现在分词） 用法1：表示说话时正在进行的动作。 例句：I am washing the car right now. / She is having an online class. 用法2：表示现阶段正在进行的动作（不一定此刻发生）。 例句：We are making zongzi this week. 现在分词变化规则：一般加-ing；以不发音e结尾去e加-ing；重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加-ing（如swim→swimming）。 时间状语：now, at the moment, right now, these days 等。 ■ 专项练习题 一、用所给动词的现在进行时填空 1. Listen! The birds ______ (sing) in the tree. 2. They ______ (not play) football now. They ______ (have) a rest. 3. —What ______ you ______ (do) at the moment? —I ______ (read) a book. 4. My father ______ (drive) to work today because it's raining. 5. We ______ (shop) for gifts in the market right now. 二、句型转换 6. She is writing a letter to her friend.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she ______ a letter to her friend? 7. They are swimming in the pool.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ in the pool. 8. He is watching TV at home.（对划线部分提问） ______ is he ______ at home? ◆ 专项六：一般过去时（Simple Past Tense） ◆ ● Units 7 & 8 A Day to Remember / Once upon a Time ● 一般过去时（1）（2） ■ 知识点精讲 基本结构：主语 + 动词过去式（be动词用 was/were） 用法：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, just now 等时间状语连用。 动词过去式变化：规则变化（加-ed，以e结尾加-d，辅音+y变y为i加-ed，重读闭音节双写加-ed）；不规则变化需特殊记忆（如 go→went, have→had, do→did, see→saw, read→read 等）。 否定句：didn't + 动词原形（实义动词）；be动词直接加not。 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？/ Was/Were + 主语...? 例句：I visited the museum yesterday. / She didn't go to school last Monday. —Did you see the movie? —Yes, I did. / —Was he happy? —No, he wasn't. ■ 专项练习题 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（一般过去时） 1. They ______ (have) a school trip last Friday. 2. I ______ (see) a very special bird in the zoo yesterday. 3. We ______ (not go) to the farm because it rained. 4. ______ you ______ (visit) the museum a week ago? 5. She ______ (be) very tired after the long walk. 6. The children ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now. 二、句型转换 7. He wrote a story about his pet.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ a story about his pet? 8. They were in the library at 5 o'clock yesterday.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ in the library at 5 o'clock yesterday. 9. I bought some gifts for my friends.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ you buy for your friends? ● 混合考点 ● 综合运用 ■ 综合练习题（选做） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My sister ______ (be) a teacher now, but she ______ (be) a student three years ago. 2. —______ (not run) in the hallway! —Sorry, I won't. 3. Listen! Someone ______ (sing) in the next room. 4. I ______ (have) to finish my homework first, so I can't go out now. 二、单项选择 5. —______ do you like dolphins? —Because they are clever. A. What B. Why C. Where 6. —Whose bag is this? —It's ______. A. my B. mine C. I 7. She ______ goes to the gym. She exercises every day. A. never B. seldom C. always 8. Would you like ______ orange juice or milk? A. some B. any C. many ◆ 参考答案与解析 ◆ ■ 专项一 参考答案 题号 答案 简要解析 1 Why 问原因用Why 2 Where 问地点用Where 3 What 问外貌/特征用What...look like 4 Who 问人用Who 5 How 问数量用How many 6 strong 形容词作表语 7 playful play的形容词形式，意为“爱玩的” 8 scary “吓人的”，修饰蛇 9 foxes 以x结尾加-es 10 wolves f变v加-es 11 mice 不规则变化 12 babies 辅音+y变y为i加-es 13 Why do 对because原因提问用Why，助动词do 14 Where is 对地点提问用Where，is提前 ■ 专项二 参考答案 题号 答案 简要解析 1 Be 祈使句肯定用动词原形 2 Don't talk 否定祈使句：Don't + 原形 3 Put 肯定祈使句用原形 4 must 主观必须，用must 5 have to 客观规定，用have to 6 can't; must 不能（can't），必须（must） 7 don't have to 不必，用don't have to 8 Can; can't 提问用Can，否定回答can't 9 mustn't be must的否定是mustn't，后接原形 10 Do; have have to变为疑问句用助动词Do ■ 专项三 参考答案 题号 答案 简要解析 1 yours; mine 问句用名词性yours，答语mine 2 our; Theirs 形容词性our+名词，名词性Theirs 3 hers 名词性物主代词hers 4 his; Mine his（形容词性），Mine（名词性） 5 always 总是 6 hardly ever 几乎从不 7 sometimes 有时 8 seldom 很少 9 doesn't often 否定句借助doesn't，often不变 10 How often 问频率用How often ■ 专项四 参考答案 题号 答案 简要解析 1 coffee or tea 选择疑问句用or连接 2 milk or juice or连接两个选项 3 pork or chicken or连接 4 watermelons 可数复数加s 5 some 肯定句中不可数名词用some 6 cookies 可数复数 7 an; some egg元音音素用an, bread不可数用some 8 Do; have; or 选择疑问句助动词Do，have原形，or连接 9 isn't any 否定句some变any ■ 专项五 参考答案 题号 答案 简要解析 1 are singing birds复数，are singing 2 are not playing; are having 否定，现在进行时 3 are; doing; am reading 疑问和回答 4 is driving 单数主语 5 are shopping we复数 6 Is; writing 一般疑问句be提前 7 are not swimming 否定加not 8 What; doing 对动作提问用What...doing ■ 专项六 参考答案 题号 答案 简要解析 1 had have的过去式had 2 saw see的过去式saw 3 didn't go 否定：didn't + 原形 4 Did; visit 疑问：Did + 主语 + 原形 5 was 主语She单数，用was 6 played play加ed 7 Did; write 疑问句Did + 原形 8 were not be动词否定加not 9 What did 对物提问用What，助动词did ■ 综合实战 参考答案 题号 答案 简要解析 1 is; was 现在is，过去was 2 Don't run 否定祈使句 3 is singing Listen!提示现在进行时 4 have have to，一般现在时 5 B 问原因用Why 6 B 名词性物主代词mine 7 C 每天锻炼，频率最高 8 A 疑问句表建议用some ★ 恭喜完成全部六大语法专项！ ★ ◆ 特殊疑问句 · 形容词 · 名词复数 · 祈使句 · 情态动词 · 物主代词 · 频度副词 · 选择疑问句 · 可数/不可数 · 现在进行时 · 一般过去时 —— 七下语法全掌握 ◆ ▶ 教师寄语： 语法是英语的骨架，练好专项，期末轻松拿高分！ ● 人教版七年级下册 期末语法专项总复习 | 精讲+练习+答案 ● 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $