内容正文:
新外研版九上
Unit5单词精讲
2026
当地球静止时
1. In 2007, writer Alan Weisman wrote a book called The World Without Us. In the book, he showed his readers a world without humans. Let's imagine such a world. All human
activities stop.Cars disappear from the roads, boats from the rivers, and planes from the skies. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. If people are gone, what would happen to the natural world?
2007 年,作家艾伦・韦斯曼撰写了一本名为《没有我们的世界》的书。在书中,他向读者展现了一个没有人类存在的世界。让我们想象这样一个场景:所有人类活动戛然而止。道路上的汽车、河流中的船只、天空中的飞机尽数消失。平日里人声鼎沸的街道、海滩和公园变得空无一人。如果人类消失了,自然界会发生什么变化?
writer /ˈraɪtə(r)/ 作家;作者
call /kɔːl/ 称呼;叫做;电话;打电话
show /ʃəʊ/ 展示;表明;节目;演出
reader /ˈriːdə(r)/ 读者;读物
human /ˈhjuːmən/ 人类的;人的;人类
activity /ækˈtɪvəti/ 活动;行动
stop /stɒp/ 停止;停下;车站;中止
disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ 消失;不见
road /rəʊd/ 道路;马路;公路
beach /biːtʃ/ 海滩;沙滩
that 引导定语从句
be full of(充满…)
remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ 保持;仍然是;剩余;留下
empty /ˈempti/ 空的;空洞的;清空;倒空
happen to do sth.(碰巧做某事)
natural world 自然界;自然世界
1.writer /ˈraɪtə(r)/ 作家;作者
词汇变形:write(动词,写作;书写)→ writer(名词,作家)→ writers(复数,作家们);wrote(过去式,写)→ written(过去分词,写)
常考短语:a famous writer(一位著名的作家)science fiction writer(科幻作家)
例句:She wants to be a writer and write stories for children.
(她想成为一名作家,为孩子们写故事。)
2.call /kɔːl/ 称呼;叫做;电话;打电话
词汇变形:call(动词 / 名词,称呼;打电话 / 电话)→ called(过去式 / 过去分词,称呼;叫做)→ calling(现在分词,称呼;打电话)
常考短语:be called(被称为;名为) call sb. up(给某人打电话)call for(需要;要求)
例句:This dog is called Lucky because it brings good luck.
(这只狗叫幸运,因为它能带来好运。)
3.show /ʃəʊ/ 展示;表明;节目;演出
词汇变形:show(动词 / 名词,展示;节目)→ showed(过去式 / 过
去分词,展示;表明)→ shown(过去分词,展示;表明);shows(第三人称单数,展示;演出)
常考短语:show sb. sth.(向某人展示某物)show around(带领参观)on show(展出;陈列)
例句:My mom showed me her old photos from middle school.
(妈妈给我看了她中学时的旧照片。)
4.reader /ˈriːdə(r)/ 读者;读物
词汇变形:read(动词,阅读;朗读)→ reader(名词,读者)→ readers
(复数,读者们);read(过去式 / 过去分词,阅读;朗读,发音 /red/)
常考短语:a regular reader(常读读者;忠实读者)target readers(目标读者)
例句:He is a regular reader of English storybooks.
(他是英语故事书的常读读者。)
5.human /ˈhjuːmən/ 人类的;人的;人类
词汇变形:human(形容词 / 名词,人类的;人类)→ humans(复数,人类)
常考短语:human activities(人类活动),human beings(人类),human nature(人性)
例句:Human beings should protect animals and plants.(人类应该保护动植物。)
6.activity /ækˈtɪvəti/ 活动;行动
词汇变形:active(形容词,活跃的;积极的)→ activity(名词,活动)→ activities(复数,活动);actively(副词,活跃地;积极地)
常考短语:outdoor activities(户外活动)
social activities(社交活动) class activities(课堂活动)
例句:We have many interesting class activities on Fridays.(我们周五有很多有趣的课堂活动。)
7.stop /stɒp/ 停止;停下;车站;中止
词汇变形:stop(动词 / 名词,停止;车站)→ stopped(过去式 / 过
去分词,停止;停下)→ stopping(现在分词,停止;停下)
常考短语:stop doing sth.(停止做某事)
stop to do sth.(停下来去做某事) come to a stop(停下;停止)
例句:He stopped watching TV to do his homework.(他停下看电视去做作业。)
8.disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ 消失;不见
词汇变形:appear(动词,出现;显现)→ disappear(动词,消失;不
见)→ disappeared(过去式 / 过去分词,消失;不见);disappearance(名词,消失;失踪)
常考短语:disappear from sight(从视线中消失)
disappear without a trace(消失得无影无踪)
例句:The little bird disappeared into the forest.(那只小鸟消失在森林里。)
14.beach /biːtʃ/ 海滩;沙滩
词汇变形:beach(名词,海滩)→ beaches(复数,海滩,ch 结尾加 es);beachside(形容词,海滨的;海滩边的)
常考短语:on the beach(在海滩上),go to the beach(去海滩),a sandy beach(沙滩)
例句:We had a good time on the beach during the holiday.(假期里我们在海滩玩得很开心。)
17.full of /fʊl əv/ 充满;装满
词汇变形:full(形容词,满的;充满的)→ fuller(比较级,更满的)→ fullest(最高级,最满的)
常考短语:be full of(充满…),full of energy(充满活力),full of hope(充满希望)
例句:The classroom is full of laughter and joy.(教室里充满了欢声笑语。)
18.remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ 保持;仍然是;剩余;留下
词汇变形:remain(动词,保持;剩余)→ remained(过去式 / 过去分词,保持;剩余)→ remaining(现在分词 / 形容词,剩余的;剩下的)
常考短语:remain silent(保持沉默)remain unchanged(保持不变)
the remaining time(剩余时间)
例句:He remained silent when the teacher asked him a question.
(老师问他问题时,他保持沉默。)
19.empty /ˈempti/ 空的;空洞的;清空;倒空
词汇变形:empty(形容词 / 动词,空的;清空)→ emptier(比较级,更空的)→ emptiest(最高级,最空的);emptied(过去式 / 过去分词,清空;倒空)
常考短语:an empty room(空房间),empty the trash(倒垃圾),feel empty(感到空虚)
例句:The fridge is empty—we need to buy some food.(冰箱是空的,我们需要买些食物。)
20.happen /ˈhæpən/ 发生;碰巧;出现
词汇变形:happen(动词,发生;碰巧)→ happened(过去式 / 过去分词,发生;碰巧)→ happening(现在分词,发生;正在发生的事)
常考短语:happen to do sth.(碰巧做某事)what happened(发生了什么)
it happens that(碰巧;恰巧)
例句:What happened to you? You look sad.(你怎么了?你看起来不开心。)
21.natural world 自然界;自然世界
词汇变形:natural(形容词,自然的;天然的)→ nature(名词,自然;大自然);world(名词,世界)→ worlds(复数,世界)
常考短语:the natural world(自然界),protect the natural world(保护自然界)
例句:Scientists are studying the relationship between humans and the natural world.
(科学家们正在研究人类与自然界的关系。)
2. It is no surprise that animals would soon increase in number. In cities, traffic noise often means that animals cannot easily hear each other. Without humans, the noise would drop greatly as traffic stops. This allows natural sounds to fill the air. It is much easier for animals to find each other and form families. Also, tourists disappear from beaches and seas. Sea animals would not be troubled by people around them.
动物数量很快会增多,这并不令人意外。在城市里,交通噪音常常让动物们难以听清彼此的声音。没有了人类,随着交通停运,噪音会大幅降低。这使得自然的声音充斥着空气,动物们更容易找到彼此、组建家庭。此外,海滩和海边的游客也会消失,海洋动物不再受周围人类的干扰。
it is no surprise that 并不令人惊讶;不足为奇的是…
increase in number 数量增加;数目增长
traffic noise 交通噪音;车辆噪音
mean /miːn/ 意味着;打算;意思是;吝啬的
that 引导宾语从句
hear each other /hɪə(r) iːtʃ ˈʌðə(r)/ 互相听见;彼此听到
without /wɪˈðaʊt/ 没有;无;不(做某事)
drop greatly /drɒp ˈɡreɪtli/ 大幅下降;急剧减少
allow /əˈlaʊ/ 允许;准许;容许
natural sounds /ˈnætʃrəl saʊndz/ 自然声音;天籁之音
fill the air 弥漫在空气中;充斥着空气
form families /fɔːm ˈfæməliz/ 组建家庭;建立家庭
tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ 游客;旅行者
trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ 麻烦;困难;困扰;打扰be troubled by被...干扰
22.it is no surprise that 并不令人惊讶;不足为奇的是…
词汇变形:surprise(名词 / 动词,惊讶;使惊讶)→ surprised(形容词,感到惊讶的)→ surprising(形容词,令人惊讶的)
常考短语:it is no surprise that...(… 并不令人惊讶),to one's surprise(令某人惊讶的是)
例句:It is no surprise that she passed the exam—she studied very hard.
(她通过考试并不令人惊讶,她学习非常努力。)
24.increase in number 数量增加;数目增长
词汇变形:increase(动词 / 名词,增加;增长)→ increased(过去式 / 过去分词,增加;增长)→ increasing(现在分词,增加的;增长的);number(名词,数量;数目)→ numbers(复数,数量)
常考短语:increase in number(数量增加),increase by(增加了),increase to(增加到)
例句:The number of birds in this area has increased greatly.(这个地区的鸟类数量大幅增加。)
25.traffic noise /ˈtræfɪk nɔɪz/ 交通噪音;车辆噪音
词汇变形:traffic(名词,交通;车流)noise(名词,噪音;声响)→ noisy(形容词,吵闹的;嘈杂的)
常考短语:traffic noise pollution(交通噪音污染)heavy traffic(交通拥堵)
例句:The traffic noise outside my window keeps me awake at night.
(窗外的交通噪音让我晚上睡不着觉。)
26.mean /miːn/ 意味着;打算;意思是;吝啬的
词汇变形:mean(动词,意味着;打算)→ meant(过去式 / 过去分词,意味着;打算);meaning(名词,意思;含义)→ meaningful(形容词,有意义的)
常考短语:mean to do sth.(打算做某事) mean doing sth.(意味着做某事)
what do you mean(你是什么意思)
例句:This new rule means that we have to arrive earlier.(这条新规定意味着我们必须更早到达。)
27.hear each other /hɪə(r) iːtʃ ˈʌðə(r)/ 互相听见;彼此听到
词汇变形:hear(动词,听见;听到)→ heard(过去式 / 过去分词,听见;听到);each other(相互代词,彼此;互相)
常考短语:hear each other clearly(清楚地听见彼此)help each other(互相帮助)
例句:The walls are thin, so we can hear each other easily.
(墙壁很薄,所以我们很容易听见彼此的声音。)
28.without /wɪˈðaʊt/ 没有;无;不(做某事)
常考短语:without doing sth.(没有做某事)
without doubt(毫无疑问) without permission(未经允许)
例句:He left the house without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就离开了家。)
29.drop greatly /drɒp ˈɡreɪtli/ 大幅下降;急剧减少
词汇变形:drop(动词 / 名词,下降;掉落;水滴)→ dropped(过去式 / 过去分词,下降;掉落);great(形容词,伟大的;大大的)→ greatly(副词,大大地;非常)
常考短语:drop in temperature(气温下降),drop greatly(大幅下降)
例句:The price of this fruit has dropped greatly recently.(这种水果的价格最近大幅下降。)
30.allow /əˈlaʊ/ 允许;准许;容许
词汇变形:allow(动词,允许;准许)→ allowed(过去式 / 过去分词,允许;准许)→ allowing(现在分词,允许;准许);allowance(名词,津贴;补贴)
常考短语:allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事)
allow doing sth.(允许做某事) be allowed to(被允许)
例句:The teacher doesn't allow students to use phones in class.
(老师不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。)
31.natural sounds /ˈnætʃrəl saʊndz/ 自然声音;天籁之音
词汇变形:natural(形容词,自然的;天然的)→ nature(名词,自然);sound(名词,声音;声响)→ sounds(复数,声音)
常考短语:natural sounds(自然声音),the sound of birds(鸟鸣声)
例句:We can hear natural sounds like wind and rain in the forest.
(在森林里,我们能听到风声、雨声等自然声音。)
32.fill the air /fɪl ði eə(r)/ 弥漫在空气中;充斥着空气
词汇变形:fill(动词,充满;装满)→ filled(过去式 / 过去分词,充满;装满)→ filling(现在分词,充满;填充);air(名词,空气;大气)
常考短语:fill the air with(空气中弥漫着…),smoke fills the air(空气中弥漫着烟雾)
例句:The smell of flowers fills the air in spring.(春天,空气中弥漫着花香。)
33.form families /fɔːm ˈfæməliz/ 组建家庭;建立家庭
词汇变形:form(动词 / 名词,形成;组建;形式)→ formed(过去式 /
过去分词,形成;组建);family(名词,家庭;家族)→ families(复数,家庭)
常考短语:form a team(组建团队),form good habits(养成好习惯)
例句:These birds form families in the spring and raise their babies together.
(这些鸟在春天组建家庭,一起养育幼鸟。)
34.tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ 游客;旅行者
词汇变形:tour(名词 / 动词,旅行;旅游)→ tourist(名词,游客;旅行者)→ tourists(复数,游客们);tourism(名词,旅游业)
常考短语:foreign tourists(外国游客)tourist attractions(旅游景点)
例句:This city attracts thousands of tourists every year.
(这座城市每年吸引成千上万的游客。)
35.trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ 麻烦;困难;困扰;打扰
词汇变形:trouble(名词 / 动词,麻烦;困扰)→ troubled(过去式 / 过去分词,麻烦;困扰);troublesome(形容词,麻烦的;令人烦恼的)
常考短语:get into trouble(陷入麻烦)
have trouble doing sth.(做某事有困难) ask for trouble(自找麻烦)
例句:He had trouble solving this math problem.
(他解决这道数学题有困难。)
3. But not only animals would enjoy the change. Ecosystems would start to balance again, too. Trees would grow freely without the danger of being cut down. Forests would take back the space that humans now live in. The earth would soon be a green world again.
但不止动物会享受这种变化,生态系统也会重新开始平衡。树木不再面临被砍伐的危险,得以自由生长。森林会夺回如今人类居住的空间,地球很快会再次成为一个绿色的世界。
ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/(复数:ecosystems) 生态系统
danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险;风险
cut down 砍倒;削减
that引导定语从句
36.ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/(复数:ecosystems) 生态系统
词汇变形:ecosystem(名词,单数)→ ecosystems(复数);ecological(形容词,生态的)
常考短语:protect ecosystems(保护生态系统) balance of ecosystems(生态系统平衡)
例句:Healthy ecosystems are important for animal survival.
(健康的生态系统对动物生存很重要。)
37.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险;风险
词汇变形:danger(名词)→ dangerous(形容词,危险的);endanger(动词,危及,呼应第 45 个词)
常考短语:in danger(处于危险中),out of danger(脱离危险),a danger to(对… 的威胁)
例句:Cutting down too many trees puts wildlife in danger.
(砍伐过多树木使野生动物陷入危险。)
36.ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/(复数:ecosystems) 生态系统
词汇变形:ecosystem(名词,单数)→ ecosystems(复数);ecological(形容词,生态的)
常考短语:protect ecosystems(保护生态系统) balance of ecosystems(生态系统平衡)
例句:Healthy ecosystems are important for animal survival.
(健康的生态系统对动物生存很重要。)
37.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险;风险
词汇变形:danger(名词)→ dangerous(形容词,危险的);endanger(动词,危及,呼应第 45 个词)
常考短语:in danger(处于危险中),out of danger(脱离危险),a danger to(对… 的威胁)
例句:Cutting down too many trees puts wildlife in danger.
(砍伐过多树木使野生动物陷入危险。)
38.cut down 砍倒;削减
词汇变形:cut(动词原形)→ cut(过去式)→ cut(过去分词);down(副词,向下)
常考短语:cut down trees(砍树),cut down on sth.(削减某物),cut down forests(砍伐森林)
例句:People must stop cutting down rainforests to protect ecosystems.
(人们必须停止砍伐雨林以保护生态系统。)
4. Without pollution, the natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. Cleaner air and water would allow them to present all their beauty. But there wouldn't be people to admire such an amazing world. What a sad thing to think about!
没有了污染,那些多年来被雾霾遮蔽的自然奇观将重新显现。更洁净的空气和水源会让它们尽显全貌。但那时却没有人来欣赏这个令人惊叹的世界,想到这里,真是一件令人伤感的事!
natural wonders 自然奇观
which 引导定语从句
词汇变形:natural(形容词,自然的);wonder(名词,奇观)→ wonders(复数);wonderful(形容词,奇妙的)
常考短语:world-famous natural wonders(世界著名自然奇观) visit natural wonders(参观自然奇观)
例句:The Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing natural wonders.(大堡礁是最神奇的自然奇观之一。)
5. Throughout history, humans have left so many marks on the earth,such as roads, farmlands and buildings. The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. It's clear that we can't wait till imagination becomes reality. The world isn't a game.We can't cancel it and start over. We need to think more about how we get along with nature. Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote - let us permit nature to have her way.
纵观历史,人类在地球上留下了无数印记,比如道路、农田和建筑。人类社会的快速发展让我们愈发忽视对自然的呵护。显然,我们不能等到想象变为现实才行动。这个世界不是一场游戏,我们无法取消重来。我们需要更多地思考如何与自然和谐共处。或许我们应该铭记蒙田曾说过的至理名言—— 让我们顺其自然。
throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ 遍及;贯穿(始终)
can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待做某事)
It's + 形容词 + that 从句 It:形式主语
cancel /ˈkænsəl/ 取消;撤销
how 引导的宾语从句
which 引导定语从句
permit /pəˈmɪt/(动词) /ˈpɜːmɪt/(名词)动词(允许;许可);名词(许可证;执照)
40.throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ 遍及;贯穿(始终)
常考短语:throughout the world(遍及世界)
throughout the year(一整年) throughout history(贯穿历史)
例句:Pandas are loved throughout the world for their cuteness.
(熊猫因其可爱而受到全世界的喜爱。)
41.can't wait 迫不及待;等不及
词汇变形:can(情态动词,不能单独变形);wait(动词,等待)→ waited(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待做某事),can't wait for sth.(等不及某物)
例句:I can't wait to visit the natural wonders in Yunnan.
(我迫不及待要去参观云南的自然奇观。)
42.cancel /ˈkænsəl/ 取消;撤销
词汇变形:cancel(动词原形)→ cancelled/canceled(过去式 / 过去分词)→ cancelling/canceling(现在分词);cancellation(名词,取消)
常考短语:cancel a plan(取消计划),cancel a meeting(取消会议),cancel the trip(取消旅行)
例句:We had to cancel the hiking trip because of the bad weather.
(由于天气恶劣,我们不得不取消徒步旅行。)
43.permit /pəˈmɪt/(动词) /ˈpɜːmɪt/(名词)动词(允许;许可);名词(许可证;执照)
词汇变形:permit(动 / 名原形)→ permitted(过去式 / 过去分词)→ permitting(现在分词);permission(名词,允许,常用)
常考短语:permit sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事),a driving permit(驾驶执照),ask for permission(请求许可)
例句:动词:The teacher doesn't permit us to cut down trees in the park.
(老师不允许我们在公园里砍树。)
名词:You need a special permit to enter the protected area.(进入保护区需要特殊许可证。)
知识点精练
一、单选题。
1.Many outdoor ______ have to be called off because of the heavy rain.
A. activities B. tourists C. ecosystems D. natural wonders
答案:A
解析:句意“因大雨,许多户外______不得不取消”。A “活动” 符合语境;B “游客”、C “生态系统”、D “自然奇观” 均逻辑不通。考点:名词词义辨析。
2.All the machines suddenly ______ working when the power went out.
A. disappeared B. stopped C. dropped greatly D. remained
答案:B
解析:句意“停电时所有机器突然______运转”。stop doing sth. 表示 “停止做某事”,符合语境;A “消失”、C “大幅下降”、D “保持” 均不搭配 “working”。考点:动词词义及固定搭配。
3.The old building has ______ for hundreds of years, witnessing the changes of the city.
A. remained B. happened C. cancelled D. troubled
答案:A
解析:句意“这座老建筑已______数百年,见证了城市的变迁”。A“留存;保持” 符合语境;B “发生”、C “取消”、D “困扰” 均逻辑不符。考点:动词词义辨析。
4.After the storm, many beautiful shells ______ on the ______.
A. dropped greatly; ecosystems B. remained; beaches
C. disappeared; tourists D. is full of; natural wonders
答案:B
解析:句意“暴风雨后,许多美丽的贝壳______在______上”。第一空用 “remained(留存)”,第二空 “beaches(海滩)” 为贝壳的合理存放地;A“大幅下降;生态系统”、C“消失;游客”、D“充满;自然奇观” 均搭配不当。考点:名词与动词的逻辑搭配。
5.The national park ______ amazing lakes and waterfalls.
A. stopped B. is full of C. permitted D. cut down
答案:B
解析:句意“这个国家公园______迷人的湖泊和瀑布”。is full of 表示 “充满”,符合语境;A “停止”、C “允许”、D “砍伐” 均语义不符。考点:固定短语用法。
6.Many rare birds have ______ because their living places are destroyed.
A. disappeared B. happened C. remained D. troubled
答案:A
解析:句意“许多珍稀鸟类已经______,因为它们的栖息地被破坏了”。A “消失” 符合语境;B “发生”、C “留存”、D “困扰” 均逻辑不通。考点:动词词义辨析。
7.We ______ visit the new zoo, as we have heard a lot of good things about it.
A. can't wait to B. dropped greatly C. cut down D. cancelled
答案:A
解析:句意“我们______参观新动物园,因为我们听说了很多关于它的好消息”。can't wait to do sth. 表示 “迫不及待做某事”,为固定用法;B “大幅下降”、C “砍伐”、D “取消” 均语义不符。考点:固定句型。
8.The sports meeting was ______ because of the bad weather.
A. permitted B. troubled C. canceled D. remained
答案:C
解析:句意“运动会因恶劣天气被______”。C “取消”(cancel 的过去分词,被动语态)符合语境;A “允许”、B “困扰”、D “保持” 均逻辑不符。考点:动词词义及被动语态。
9.Loggers are not ______ to ______ trees in this protected area.
A. permitted; cut down B. happened; stopped C. troubled; disappeared D. remained; is full of
答案:A
解析:句意“伐木工不被______在这个保护区______树木”。第一空 “permitted(允许)”,第二空 “cut down(砍伐)”,符合语境;其他选项搭配混乱,语义不通。考点:动词短语及被动语态。
10.What ______ to you yesterday? You looked so upset.
A. remained B. happened C. disappeared D. stopped
答案:B
解析:句意“你昨天______什么事?你看起来很沮丧”。happen to sb. 表示 “某人发生某事”,为固定搭配;A “保持”、C “消失”、D “停止” 均不搭配 “to you”。考点:固定短语用法。
11.The number of ______ to the mountain area has ______ this year because of the road construction.
A. ecosystems; remained B. tourists; dropped greatly
C. beaches; is full of D. natural wonders; cancelled
答案:B
解析:句意“因道路施工,今年前往山区的______数量已______”。第一空 “tourists(游客)”,第二空 “dropped greatly(大幅下降)”,符合逻辑;A“生态系统;保持”、C“海滩;充满”、D“自然奇观;取消” 均搭配不当。考点:名词与动词短语的搭配。
12.People all ______ the world love and protect ______.
A. throughout; natural wonders B. without; activities
C. troubled; beaches D. remained; ecosystems
答案:A
解析:句意“世界的人们都热爱并保护”。第一空 “throughout(遍及)”,第二空 “natural wonders(自然奇观)”,符合语境;B“没有;活动”、C“困扰;海滩”、D“保持;生态系统” 均语义不通。考点:介词及名词短语。
13.We can't live ______ clean water and fresh air.
A. without B. throughout C. permitted D. cancelled
答案:A
解析:句意“我们______干净的水和新鲜的空气就无法生存”。without 表示 “没有”,符合语境;B “遍及”、C “允许”、D “取消” 均语义不符。考点:介词用法。
14.The ______ of the river has been ______ by plastic pollution.
A. beaches; stopped B. ecosystems; troubled C. tourists; happened D. natural wonders; cut down
答案:B
解析:句意“这条河的______已被塑料污染______”。第一空 “ecosystems(生态系统)”,第二空 “troubled(困扰)”,符合逻辑;A“海滩;停止”、C“游客;发生”、D“自然奇观;砍伐” 均搭配不当。考点:名词与动词的语义搭配。
15.Although the project was difficult, they ______ to finish it on time.
A. disappeared B. cancelled C. remained D. can't wait to
答案:C
解析:句意“尽管项目很困难,他们仍______按时完成”。remained 此处表示 “坚持;继续”,符合语境;A “消失”、B “取消”、D “迫不及待”(后接动词原形,此处语法不符)均错误。考点:动词词义及语法应用。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Many outdoor ______(activity) in our school were put off because of the bad air quality.
答案:activities
解析:① 答案形式:activities 是 activity(可数名词,“活动”)的复数形式;② 语境分析:题干中 many 修饰可数名词复数,结合 “学校户外活动推迟” 的语义,需用复数形式;③ 语法考点:名词单复数辨析;④ 干扰项提示:若误写为 activity(单数),则与 many 搭配不当;误写为 active(形容词)或 act(动词),词性不符。
2.It rained heavily yesterday, so we had to ______(stop) our plan to climb the mountain.
答案:stop
解析:① 答案形式:stop 是动词原形;② 语境分析:“大雨导致不得不停止爬山计划”,had to 是 have to 的过去式,后接动词原形表 “不得不做某事”;③ 语法考点:have to + 动词原形的固定用法;④ 干扰项排除:若填 stopped(过去式),会违反 had to 后接原形的规则;stops(三单)、stopping(现在分词)均不符合语法结构。
3.The little girl cried because her favorite toy ______(disappear) suddenly from the desk.
答案:disappeared
解析:① 答案形式:disappeared 是 disappear(动词,“消失”)的过去式;② 语境分析:题干中 cried 为过去式,前后时态一致,需用过去式表示 “玩具突然消失”;③ 语法考点:一般过去时的时态一致;④ 干扰项提示:若填 disappear(原形)、disappears(三单),时态与 cried 不符;disappearing(现在分词)无法单独作谓语。
4.It’s ______(unusual) to see snow in Guangzhou in December—usually it’s warm there.
答案:unusual
解析:① 答案形式:unusual 是形容词(“不寻常的”),原形即可使用;② 语境分析:“广州 12 月下雪很不寻常,通常很暖和”,此处需形容词作表语,unusual 符合反义语境;③ 语法考点:形容词作表语及语义辨析;④ 干扰项排除:若误写为 usual(“寻常的”),与语境矛盾;unusually(副词)、usualness(名词)词性不符。
5.Although most students left the classroom after class, Tom ______(remain) to finish his homework.
答案:remained
解析:① 答案形式:remained 是 remain(动词,“留下;保持”)的过去式;② 语境分析:“尽管多数学生下课离开,汤姆仍留下完成作业”,left 为过去式,时态一致需用 remained;③ 语法考点:一般过去时及转折语境的语义搭配;④ 干扰项提示:remain(原形)、remains(三单)时态不符;remaining(现在分词)需与 be 动词连用,此处无 be 动词,无法单独作谓语。
6.Thousands of ______(tourist) visit the Great Wall every year to admire its beauty.
答案:tourists
解析:① 答案形式:tourists 是 tourist(可数名词,“游客”)的复数形式;② 语境分析:thousands of 后接可数名词复数,表 “成千上万的游客”,符合 “每年参观长城” 的语义;③ 语法考点:可数名词复数与数量短语的搭配;④ 干扰项排除:tourist(单数)与 thousands of 搭配不当;tour(动词 / 名词 “旅行”)、touring(现在分词)语义或词性不符。
7.The boy looked ______(trouble) because he couldn’t solve the math problem.
答案:troubled
解析:① 答案形式:troubled 是 trouble(名词 / 动词 “麻烦”)的形容词形式(“困扰的;烦恼的”);② 语境分析:“男孩解不出数学题,看起来很困扰”,look 为系动词,后接形容词作表语;③ 语法考点:系动词 + 形容词作表语的用法;④ 干扰项排除:trouble(名词 / 动词)词性不符;troubling(形容词 “令人困扰的”)用于修饰事物,此处修饰人,语义不当;troubles(名词复数)无法作表语。
8.It’s ______(danger) to swim in the deep river without adult supervision.
答案:dangerous
解析:① 答案形式:dangerous 是 danger(名词 “危险”)的形容词形式;② 语境分析:“无成人监督在深河游泳很危险”,it’s + 形容词 + to do sth. 是固定句型,需用形容词作表语;③ 语法考点:it 作形式主语的句型及词性转换(名词→形容词);④ 干扰项排除:danger(名词)、dangerously(副词 “危险地”)词性不符;safe(形容词 “安全的”)与语境矛盾。
9.The sports meeting was ______(cancel) because of the sudden storm—we’ll have it next week.
答案:cancelled/canceled
解析:① 答案形式:cancelled/canceled 是 cancel(动词,“取消”)的过去分词,此处用于被动语态;② 语境分析:“运动会因暴雨被取消”,被动语态结构为 be + 过去分词,was 后接过去分词;③ 语法考点:一般过去时的被动语态;④ 干扰项排除:cancel(原形)、cancels(三单)无法用于被动语态;cancelling(现在分词)用于进行时,此处无进行时语境。
10.Visitors are not ______(permit) to take photos in the museum—please follow the rule.
答案:permitted
解析:① 答案形式:permitted 是 permit(动词,“允许”)的过去分词,用于被动语态;② 语境分析:“博物馆内不允许游客拍照”,被动语态表 “被允许”,are not 后接过去分词;③ 语法考点:一般现在时的被动语态;④ 干扰项排除:permit(原形)、permits(三单)无法用于被动语态;permitting
(现在分词)需与be 动词连用表进行时,此处语义不符。
三、汉译英。
1.这个项目需要团队合作。(call for 需要;要求)
答案:This project calls for team work.
解析:1. 短语意思:call for 意为 “需要;要求”;2. 短语用法:后接名词 / 代词,主语为单数时,call 用第三人称单数形式 calls;3. 句子结构:主谓宾(主语 This project + 谓语 calls for + 宾语 team work);4. 易错点:避免误写为 call to,call for 无 “to” 搭配。
2.美术馆里有许多珍贵的画作正在展出。(on show 展出;陈列)
答案:Many precious paintings are on show in the art gallery.
解析:1. 短语意思:on show 意为 “展出;陈列”;2. 短语用法:为介词短语,作表语,无需变形;3. 句子结构:主系表(主语 Many precious paintings + 系动词 are + 表语 on show + 地点状语);4. 易错点:注意 “在美术馆” 用 in the art gallery,不用 at。
3.周末我们喜欢去公园进行户外活动。(outdoor activities 户外活动)
答案:We like to have outdoor activities in the park on weekends.
解析:1. 短语意思:outdoor activities 意为 “户外活动”;2. 短语用法:为名词短语,常用搭配 have outdoor activities;3. 句子结构:主谓宾(主语 We + 谓语 like + 宾语 to have outdoor activities + 状语);4. 易错点:outdoor 为形容词,修饰 activities,不可写成 outdoors(副词)。
4.老师让学生们停止说话,认真听讲。(stop doing sth. 停止做某事)
答案:The teacher asked the students to stop talking and listen carefully.
解析:1. 短语意思:stop doing sth. 意为 “停止做某事”;2. 短语用法:表 “停止正在做的事”,此处 “停止说话” 用 stop talking;3. 句子结构:ask sb. to do sth. (让某人做某事)+ stop doing sth. 嵌套;4. 易错点:区分 stop doing sth.(停止做)和 stop to do sth.(停下来去做),此处不可用 stop to talk。
5.夏天,很多家庭喜欢去海滩避暑。(go to the beach 去海滩)
答案:Many families like to go to the beach to escape the heat in summer.
解析:1. 短语意思:go to the beach 意为 “去海滩”;2. 短语用法:为固定短语,复数形式为 go to the beaches(表多个海滩);3. 句子结构:主谓宾 + 目的状语(to escape the heat);4. 易错点:“避暑” 常用 escape the heat 或 avoid the heat,无需直译 “avoid summer”。
6.孩子们的眼睛里充满了对未来的期待。(be full of 充满…)
答案:Children's eyes are full of expectations for the future.
解析:1. 短语意思:be full of 意为 “充满…”;2. 短语用法:后接名词,同义短语为 be filled with;3. 句子结构:主系表(主语 Children's eyes + 系动词 are + 表语 full of expectations);4. 易错点:“期待” 用复数 expectations(可数名词),不可用 expect(动词)。
7.在会议上,他因为紧张而保持沉默。(remain silent 保持沉默)
答案:He remained silent at the meeting because of nervousness.
解析:1. 短语意思:remain silent 意为 “保持沉默”;2. 短语用法:remain 为系动词,后接形容词 silent,无被动语态;3. 句子结构:主谓表 + 原因状语(because of nervousness);4. 易错点:“因为紧张” 用 because of + 名词(nervousness),或 because + 从句(he was nervous)。
8.我昨天碰巧在超市遇到了我的小学老师。(happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事)
答案:I happened to meet my primary school teacher in the supermarket yesterday.
解析:1. 短语意思:happen to do sth. 意为 “碰巧做某事”;2. 短语用法:过去式为 happened to do;3. 句子结构:主谓宾(主语 I + 谓语 happened to meet + 宾语 my primary school teacher);4. 易错点:happen 无被动语态,不可写为 was happened to meet。
9.我们应该尊重和保护自然界的一切生物。(natural world 自然界;自然世界)
答案:We should respect and protect all living things in the natural world.
解析:1. 短语意思:natural world 意为 “自然界;自然世界”;2. 短语用法:为名词短语,前面加定冠词 the;3. 句子结构:主谓宾(主语 We + 谓语 should respect and protect + 宾语 all living things);4. 易错点:“自然界的” 用 in the natural world,不用 of the natural world。
10.他努力学习了那么久,能通过考试并不令人惊讶。(it is no surprise that 并不令人惊讶;不足为奇的是…)
答案:It is no surprise that he can pass the exam since he has studied so hard.
解析:1. 短语意思:it is no surprise that 意为 “并不令人惊讶;不足为奇的是…”;2. 短语用法:it 为形式主语,真正主语是 that 从句;3. 句子结构:It is no surprise that + 陈述句;4. 易错点:从句用陈述语序,不可写为 it is no surprise that can he pass。
11.城市里的交通噪音常常让人心烦意乱。(traffic noise 交通噪音)
答案:Traffic noise in the city often makes people upset.
解析:1. 短语意思:traffic noise 意为 “交通噪音”;2. 短语用法:为不可数名词短语,复数形式 noises 表 “多种噪音”;3. 句子结构:主谓宾宾补(主语 Traffic noise + 谓语 makes + 宾语 people + 宾补 upset);4. 易错点:“让人心烦” 用 make people upset,不用 let people annoyed。
12.我本来打算今天下午去图书馆,但突然下雨了。(mean to do sth. 打算做某事)
答案:I meant to go to the library this afternoon, but it suddenly rained.
解析:1. 短语意思:mean to do sth. 意为 “打算做某事”;2. 短语用法:过去式为 meant to do;3. 句子结构:并列句(前半句主谓宾,后半句主谓);4. 易错点:区分 mean to do(打算做)和 mean doing(意味着),此处不可用 mean going。
13.毫无疑问,坚持锻炼对健康有益。(without doubt 毫无疑问)
答案:Without doubt, keeping exercising is good for health.
解析:1. 短语意思:without doubt 意为 “毫无疑问”;2. 短语用法:为介词短语,可置于句首或句中;3. 句子结构:状语 + 主谓宾(主语 keeping exercising + 系动词 is + 表语 good for health);4. 易错点:“坚持锻炼” 用 keep exercising(keep + doing),不用 keep to exercise。
14.父母不允许孩子在网上泄露个人信息。(allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事)
答案:Parents don't allow their children to reveal personal information online.
解析:1. 短语意思:allow sb. to do sth. 意为 “允许某人做某事”;2. 短语用法:否定形式为 don't allow sb. to do;3. 句子结构:主谓宾宾补(主语 Parents + 谓语 don't allow + 宾语 their children + 宾补 to reveal...);4. 易错点:不可写为 allow sb. doing sth.,固定搭配为 to do。
15.如果你撒谎,迟早会陷入麻烦。(get into trouble 陷入麻烦)
答案:If you tell lies, you will get into trouble sooner or later.
解析:1. 短语意思:get into trouble 意为 “陷入麻烦”;2. 短语用法:为固定短语,不可加冠词 a;3. 句子结构:条件状语从句(if 从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时);4. 易错点:“撒谎” 用 tell lies(复数)或 tell a lie,不用 say lies。
16.由于环境污染,许多野生动物正处于危险中。(in danger 处于危险中)
答案:Because of environmental pollution, many wild animals are in danger.
解析:1. 短语意思:in danger 意为 “处于危险中”;2. 短语用法:为介词短语,反义词组为 out of danger;3. 句子结构:原因状语 + 主系表;4. 易错点:“处于危险中” 不用 in the danger,不加定冠词。
17.长城作为伟大的奇迹,闻名于全世界。(throughout the world 遍及世界)
答案:As a great wonder, the Great Wall is famous throughout the world.
解析:1. 短语意思:throughout the world 意为 “遍及世界”;2. 短语用法:同义短语为 all over the world;3. 句子结构:状语 + 主系表(be famous + 状语);4. 易错点:“长城” 为 the Great Wall,必须加定冠词 the。
18.孩子们迫不及待地想要打开圣诞礼物。(can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事)
答案:The children can't wait to open their Christmas presents.
解析:1. 短语意思:can't wait to do sth. 意为 “迫不及待做某事”;2. 短语用法:to 后接动词原形;3. 句子结构:主谓宾(主语 The children + 谓语 can't wait + 宾语 to open...);4. 易错点:不可写为 can't wait doing sth.,固定搭配为 to do。
19.博物馆不允许游客触摸展品。(permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事)
答案:The museum doesn't permit visitors to touch the exhibits.
解析:1. 短语意思:permit sb. to do sth. 意为 “允许某人做某事”;2. 短语用法:与 allow sb. to do sth. 同义,否定形式为 doesn't permit;3. 句子结构:主谓宾宾补;4. 易错点:permit 后接 to do,不接 doing,区别于 allow(可接 doing,但常用 to do)。
20.我们必须立即采取行动阻止全球变暖。(take actions to do sth. 采取行动做某事)
答案:We must take actions to prevent global warming immediately.
解析:1. 短语意思:take actions to do sth. 意为 “采取行动做某事”;2. 短语用法:action 可加 s(常用复数),to 后接目的状语;3. 句子结构:主谓宾 + 目的状语(to prevent...);4. 易错点:“阻止” 用 prevent/stop...from doing,此处 from 可省略,不用 to do。
Reading for writing
1. The panda is a Chinese national
treasure, and has become popular
around the world. Some foreigners even believe that pandas are kept as pets in China! Sadly, perhaps, this isn't true. And certainly there are not enough pandas for many people to have one as a pet.
熊猫是中国的国宝,如今已风靡全球。有些外国人甚至认为中国人把熊猫当宠物养!不过遗憾的是,这并非事实。而且显然,熊猫的数量远不足以让很多人将其作为宠物饲养。
national treasure(复数:national treasures) 国宝;国家宝藏
popular around the world 风靡全球
keep as pets 当作宠物饲养
that引导宾语从句
sadly /ˈsædli/ 遗憾地;悲伤地
enough /ɪˈnʌf/ 足够的;足够地;足够
1.national treasure(复数:national treasures) 国宝;国家宝藏
词汇变形:national(形容词,国家的);treasure(名词,珍宝;动词,珍视)→ treasures(复数)
常考短语:a national treasure(国宝),cultural treasures(文化瑰宝)
例句:The ancient painting is regarded as a national treasure of the country.
(这幅古画被视为该国的国宝。)
2.popular around the world 风靡全球;在世界范围内受欢迎
词汇变形:popular(形容词,受欢迎的)→ popularity(名词,受欢迎度)→popularly(副词)
常考短语:be popular around the world(风靡全球)be popular with sb.(受某人欢迎)
例句:This traditional dance has become popular around the world in recent years.
(这种传统舞蹈近年来风靡全球。)
3.keep as pets 当作宠物饲养
词汇变形:keep(动词,饲养;保持)→ kept(过去式 / 过去分词)
pet(名词,宠物)→ pets(复数)
常考短语:keep sth. as pets(将某物当宠物养) keep a dog as a pet(养一只狗当宠物)
例句:Some families like to keep cats as pets because they are lovely.
(有些家庭喜欢养猫当宠物,因为它们很可爱。)
4.sadly /ˈsædli/ 遗憾地;悲伤地
词汇变形:sad(形容词,悲伤的)→ sadly(副词,遗憾地;悲伤地)→ sadder(比较级)→ saddest(最高级)
常考短语:sadly enough(遗憾的是),speak sadly(悲伤地说)
例句:Sadly, we couldn't attend the important meeting because of the bad weather.
(遗憾的是,由于天气恶劣,我们无法参加这场重要会议。)
5.enough /ɪˈnʌf/ 足够的;足够地;足够
词汇变形:enough(形容词 / 副词 / 代词,足够的;足够地;足够)
常考短语:enough for sb. to do sth.(足够某人做某事)
have enough time(有足够的时间) adj.+enough(足够…)
例句:Is there enough food for everyone to eat?
(有足够的食物让每个人都吃吗?)
In fact, back in the 1970s, there were only around 1,000 of these lovely animals in the wild. In 1961, the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) was looking for an animal as its logo. The panda was chosen because it is "an animal that is beautiful, endangered and [is]one loved by many people in the world".
事实上,早在20 世纪 70 年代,野外仅存约 1000 只这种可爱的动物。1961 年,世界自然基金会(WWF)正在寻找一种动物作为其标志。熊猫之所以被选中,是因为它 “外形优美、濒临灭绝,且受到世界上许多人的喜爱”。
back in the 1970s 早在20 世纪 70 年代 时间状语
wild /waɪld/ 野生的;荒凉的;荒野 in the wild(在野外)
logo /ˈləʊɡəʊ/(复数:logos) 标志;标识
endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ 濒临灭绝的;有灭绝危险的
because引导原因状语从句
7.wild /waɪld/ 野生的;荒凉的;荒野
词汇变形:wild(形容词,野生的;荒凉的;名词,荒野)→ wilder(比较级)→ wildest(最高级);wildly(副词)
常考短语:in the wild(在野外),wild animals(野生动物),go wild(发狂;欣喜若狂)
例句:This plant can only grow in the wild and is hard to cultivate artificially.
(这种植物只能在野外生长,人工培育难度大。)
8.logo /ˈləʊɡəʊ/(复数:logos) 标志;标识
词汇变形:logo(名词,标志;标识)→ logos(复数)
常考短语:company logo(公司标志),brand logo(品牌标识)
例句:The new logo of the brand is simple but memorable.
(该品牌的新标志简洁但令人印象深刻。)
9.endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ 濒临灭绝的;有灭绝危险的
词汇变形:endanger(动词,危及;使濒危)→ endangered(形容词,濒临灭绝的)
→ endangerment(名词)
常考短语:endangered species(濒危物种) an endangered animal(濒危动物)
例句:We must take action to protect endangered plants and animals.
(我们必须采取行动保护濒危动植物。)
2. But in the year 2016, there came some fantastic news - the panda was moved from "endangered" to "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.When people worldwide celebrated, they could not help asking, "So, how did this happen?"
但在2016 年,传来了一个好消息 —— 熊猫在《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》(IUCN)中从 “濒危” 级别调整为 “易危” 级别。当全球人民为之庆祝时,不禁会问:“那么,这一切是如何实现的?”
fantastic news /fænˈtæstɪk njuːz/ 好消息;极好的消息
vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ 易受伤害的;易危的
celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/ 庆祝;庆贺
when引导时间状语从句
10.fantastic news /fænˈtæstɪk njuːz/ 好消息;极好的消息
词汇变形:fantastic(形容词,极好的;奇妙的)→ fantastically(副词);news(名词,消息,不可数)
常考短语:fantastic news(好消息) a piece of news(一则消息)
例句:It's fantastic news that our team won the championship.
(我们队赢得冠军,真是个好消息。)
11.vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ 易受伤害的;易危的
词汇变形:vulnerable(形容词,易受伤害的;易危的)→ vulnerability(名词);more vulnerable(比较级)→ most vulnerable(最高级)
常考短语:vulnerable species(易危物种) be vulnerable to(易受… 影响)
例句:Young birds are vulnerable to bad weather and predators.
(幼鸟易受恶劣天气和捕食者的影响。)
12.celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/ 庆祝;庆贺
词汇变形:celebrate(动词,庆祝)→ celebrated(过去式 / 过去分词;形容词,著名的)→ celebrating(现在分词);celebration(名词)
常考短语:celebrate a victory(庆祝胜利),celebrate festivals(庆祝节日)
例句:People around the world celebrate the Spring Festival in different ways.
(全球各地的人们以不同方式庆祝春节。)
3. China's government has made great efforts over the years.Among the
first national parks in China,there was one for panda protection. The
Giant Panda National Park is three times as large as Yellowstone National
Park in the United States. As of now, 67 protected areas have been created. Research centres have also been set up, in which over 460 pandas have been born.
多年来,中国政府付出了巨大努力。作为中国首批国家公园之一,就有一座专门用于熊猫保护的公园。大熊猫国家公园的面积是美国黄石国家公园的三倍。截至目前,已建立67 个保护区。科研中心也已建成,其中已有超过 460 只熊猫在此诞生。
make great efforts 付出巨大努力;努力
national park (复数:national parks) 国家公园
as of now 截至目前;到现在为止
protected area (复数:protected areas) 保护区
create /kriˈeɪt/ 创造;创建;创作
research centre (复数:research centres) 科研中心;研究中心
set up 建立;设立;创办
15.as of now 截至目前;到现在为止
词汇变形:as(介词,作为;如同);now(副词,现在)
常考短语:as of now(截至目前),up to now(至今,同义替换)
例句:As of now, more than 500 people have signed up for the activity.
(截至目前,已有超过 500 人报名参加这项活动。)
16.protected area (复数:protected areas) 保护区
词汇变形:protect(动词,保护)→ protected(过去式 / 过去分词;形容词,受保护的);area(名词,区域)→ areas(复数)
常考短语:protected areas(保护区) a nature protected area(自然保护区)
例句:Many rare animals live in these protected areas.(许多珍稀动物生活在这些保护区内。)
13.make great efforts 付出巨大努力;努力
词汇变形:effort(名词,努力)→ efforts(复数);make(动词)→ made(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:make great efforts to do sth.(努力做某事) spare no efforts(不遗余力)
例句:She made great efforts to improve her English and finally succeeded.
(她努力提高英语水平,最终成功了。)
14.national park (复数:national parks) 国家公园
词汇变形:national(形容词,国家的) park(名词,公园)→ parks(复数)
常考短语:a national park(国家公园) Giant Panda National Park(大熊猫国家公园)
例句:Yellowstone National Park is one of the most famous national parks in the world.(黄石国家公园是世界上最著名的国家公园之一。)
17.create /kriˈeɪt/ 创造;创建;创作
词汇变形:create(动词,创建;创造)→ created(过去式 / 过去分词)→ creating(现在分词);creation(名词);creative(形容词,有创造力的)
常考短语:create opportunities(创造机会) create a new record(创造新纪录)
例句:The artist created a beautiful painting with simple tools.
(这位艺术家用简单的工具创作了一幅美丽的画。)
18.research centre (复数:research centres) 科研中心;研究中心
词汇变形:research(名词 / 动词,研究)→ researches(复数 / 第三人称单数);centre(名词,中心)→ centres(复数)
常考短语:a research centre(科研中心) medical research centre(医学科研中心)
例句:The university has set up a new research centre for environmental science.
(这所大学成立了一个新的环境科学科研中心。)
19.set up 建立;设立;创办
词汇变形:set(动词,建立;放置)→ set(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:set up a company(创办公司)
set up a school(建立学校) set up research centres(建立科研中心)
例句:They plan to set up a charity organization to help poor children.
(他们计划成立一个慈善组织来帮助贫困儿童。)
4.Increased education among the local people has also played an important role. With a better understanding of environmental protection, farmers have returned part of their
farmland to the forests. They plant trees and bamboo to provide pandas with more space and food.
当地民众环保教育的普及也发挥了重要作用。随着对环境保护的认识不断加深,农民们将部分农田退耕还林。他们植树种竹,为熊猫提供了更多的生存空间和食物。
increased education 更多的教育;教育的普及
local people 当地人;当地民众
play an important role
发挥重要作用;扮演重要角色
understanding of 对… 的理解;了解
return...to... 把… 归还;使… 恢复到…
provide...with... 为… 提供…
20.increased education 更多的教育;教育的普及
词汇变形:increase(动词 / 名词,增加)→ increased(过去式 / 过去
分词;形容词,增加的);educate(动词,教育)→ education(名词,教育);educational(形容词)
常考短语:increased education(教育的普及;加强的教育)higher education(高等教育)
例句:Increased education has helped improve people's living standards.
(教育的普及有助于提高人们的生活水平。)
21.local people 当地人;当地民众
词汇变形:local(形容词,当地的;名词,当地人)→ locals(复数,当地人);people(名词,人们,复数)
常考短语:local people(当地民众),local culture(当地文化)
例句:Local people are very friendly to tourists from all over the world.
(当地民众对来自世界各地的游客非常友好。)
22.play an important role 发挥重要作用;扮演重要角色
词汇变形:play(动词,扮演;发挥)→ played(过去式 / 过去分词);role(名词,角色;作用)→ roles(复数)
常考短语:play an important role in(在… 中发挥重要作用) play a key role(发挥关键作用)
例句:Technology plays an important role in modern society.
(技术在现代社会中发挥着重要作用。)
23.understanding of 对… 的理解;了解
词汇变形:understand(动词,理解)→ understood(过去式 / 过去分词)→ understanding(名词,理解;形容词,善解人意的)
常考短语:a better understanding of(对… 更深入的理解)
have a good understanding of(对… 有很好的理解)
例句:Reading more books can help us gain a better understanding of the world.
(多读书能帮助我们更好地了解世界。)
24.return...to... 把… 归还;使… 恢复到…
词汇变形:return(动词 / 名词,归还;返回)→ returned(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:return sth. to sth.(将某物归还 / 恢复为某物)
return home(回家) return a book to the library(把书还给图书馆)
例句:The government plans to return the wetland to its original state.
(政府计划将这片湿地恢复原状。)
25.provide...with... 为… 提供…
词汇变形:provide(动词,提供)→ provided(过去式 / 过去分词)→ providing(现在分词)
常考短语:provide sb./sth. with sth.(为某人 / 某物提供某物)
provide sth. for sb./sth.(为某人 / 某物提供某物)
例句:The company provides its employees with good working conditions.
(这家公司为员工提供良好的工作环境。)
5.The panda is not the only animal to benefit from these actions. The forests that they live in are also home to many other animals and plants.As the forests have grown larger, the panda's neighbours have also increased greatly in population. Protecting pandas is undoubtedly helpful to the survival of a whole ecosystem.
熊猫并非唯一从这些举措中受益的动物。它们栖息的森林也是许多其他动植物的家园。随着森林面积不断扩大,熊猫的“邻居们” 数量也大幅增加。保护熊猫无疑有助于整个生态系统的存续。
benefit from 从… 中受益;得益于…
actions /ˈækʃnz/ 行动;举措
that 引导定语从句
neighbours /ˈneɪbəz/ 邻居;邻近的事物
undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ 无疑地;毫无疑问地
survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 生存;存活;存续
现在分词短语做主语
26.benefit from 从… 中受益;得益于…
词汇变形:benefit(动词,受益;名词,益处)→ benefited/benefitted
(过去式/ 过去分词)→ benefiting/benefitting(现在分词);beneficial(形容词,有益的)
常考短语:benefit from sth.(从某物中受益)be beneficial to(对… 有益)
例句:Students can benefit a lot from reading classic works.
(学生们能从阅读经典作品中受益匪浅。)
27.actions /ˈækʃnz/ 行动;举措
词汇变形:act(动词,行动;扮演;名词,行为)→ action(名词,行动)→ actions(复数);active(形容词)
常考短语:take actions to do sth.(采取行动做某事)take immediate action(立即采取行动)
例句:We must take actions to protect our environment before it's too late.
(我们必须尽快采取行动保护环境,否则就太晚了。)
28.neighbours /ˈneɪbəz/ 邻居;邻近的事物
词汇变形:neighbour(名词,邻居;邻近的事物)→ neighbours(复数);neighbourhood(名词,街区)
常考短语:animal neighbours(动物邻居) friendly neighbours(友好的邻居)
例句:The pandas and their animal neighbours live in harmony in the forest.
(熊猫和它们的动物邻居在森林里和谐共处。)
29.undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ 无疑地;毫无疑问地
词汇变形:doubt(动词 / 名词,怀疑)→ undoubted(形容词,无疑的)
→ undoubtedly(副词,无疑地);undoubtedly(同义替换:without doubt)
常考短语:undoubtedly(无疑地,用于句首 / 句中)
例句:Undoubtedly, this project will bring great benefits to the local people.
(无疑,这个项目将为当地民众带来巨大益处。)
30.survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 生存;存活;存续
词汇变形:survive(动词,生存;幸存)→ survival(名词,生存;幸存);survivor(名词,幸存者);survivable(形容词,可生存的)
常考短语:the survival of(… 的存续 / 生存) fight for survival(为生存而战)
例句:The survival of these rare species depends on our protection.
(这些珍稀物种的生存取决于我们的保护。)
知识点精练
一、单选题。
1.Pandas and the Great Wall are regarded as China’s ______ that we should protect.
A. national treasures B. protected areas C. research centres D. logos
答案:A
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “熊猫和长城被视为我们应保护的中国______”,A “国宝” 符合语义;② 词汇用法:national treasures 为名词短语,“国宝”,复数形式表类别;③ 语法考点:名词短语的语义辨析;④ 干扰项排除:B “保护区”、C “研究中心”、D “标志” 均与 “熊猫、长城” 的属性不符。
2., many rare birds have lost their homes because of deforestation.
A. Wildly B. Sadly C. Undoubtedly D. Enough
答案:B
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “,许多珍稀鸟类因森林砍伐失去家园”,B “令人难过地” 符合情感逻辑;② 词汇用法:sadly 为副词,修饰整个句子,表转折或惋惜语气;③ 语法考点:副词的语义及用法辨析;④ 干扰项排除:A “疯狂地”、C “毫无疑问地” 语义不符;D “足够地” 修饰形容词 / 副词需后置,且语义不通。
3.The boy is ______ old ______ to take care of his little sister when his parents are out.
A. enough; wildly B. wildly; enough C. enough; sadly D. old; enough
答案:D
解析:① 答案依据:固定结构 “adj. + enough to do sth.”(足够…… 能做某事),语境 “男孩足够大,父母外出时能照顾妹妹”;② 词汇用法:enough 作副词时,需置于形容词 / 副词之后,修饰形容词 old;③ 语法考点:enough 的固定搭配及位置;④ 干扰项排除:A、B、C 均违反 “enough 后置” 规则,且语义搭配混乱。
4.When the football team won the championship, the fans cheered ______ in the stadium.
A. sadly B. enough C. wildly D. undoubtedly
答案:C
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “足球队夺冠时,球迷们在体育场______欢呼”,C “疯狂地” 符合胜利后的情绪;② 词汇用法:wildly 为副词,修饰动词 cheered,表 “激烈地、狂热地”;③ 语法考点:副词与动词的搭配辨析;④ 干扰项排除:A “难过地”、B “足够地” 语义矛盾;D “毫无疑问地” 无法修饰 “欢呼” 的动作。
5.We should protect ______ animals like tigers and elephants, or they will disappear soon.
A. vulnerable B. endangered C. celebrated D. fantastic
答案:B
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “我们应保护老虎、大象等______动物,否则它们将很快消失”,B “濒危的” 符合 “面临消失” 的语境;② 词汇用法:endangered 为形容词,“濒危的”,常用搭配 endangered animals(濒危动物);③ 语法考点:形容词的语义辨析;④ 干扰项排除:A “脆弱的” 侧重易受伤害,未体现 “濒临灭绝”;C “著名的”、D “极好的” 与语境无关。
6.It’s ______ that our school will organize a trip to the national park next month!
A. fantastic news B. national park C. protected area D. survival
答案:A
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “我们学校下个月将组织去国家公园的旅行,这是______”,A “极好的消息” 符合语义;② 词汇用法:fantastic news 为名词短语,“极好的消息”,news 为不可数名词,无复数;③ 语法考点:名词短语的语义及主谓一致(it’s 对应单数 / 不可数名词);④ 干扰项排除:B “国家公园”、C “保护区” 与 “旅行” 的逻辑关系不符;D “生存” 语义不通。
7.Young animals are more ______ than adults because they can’t defend themselves well.
A. celebrated B. endangered C. vulnerable D. enough
答案:C
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “幼崽比成年动物更______,因为它们无法很好地保护自己”,C “脆弱的” 符合 “缺乏自保能力” 的特征;② 词汇用法:vulnerable 为形容词,“脆弱的;易受伤害的”,常用搭配 be vulnerable to(易受…… 影响);③ 语法考点:形容词的语义辨析;④ 干扰项排除:A “著名的”、B “濒危的”(侧重物种整体状态)、D “足够的” 均与 “幼崽自保能力弱” 的语境不符。
8.Mo Yan is a ______ writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
A. celebrated B. endangered C. vulnerable D. wildly
答案:A
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “莫言是一位______作家,他获得了诺贝尔文学奖”,A “著名的” 符合 “获奖作家” 的身份;② 词汇用法:celebrated 为形容词,“著名的;受赞誉的”,修饰人或事物;③ 语法考点:形容词的语义及词性辨析;④ 干扰项排除:B “濒危的”、C “脆弱的” 修饰 “作家” 语义不当;D “疯狂地” 为副词,无法修饰名词 writer。
9.Scientists ______ to save the endangered pandas by setting up protected areas.
A. make great efforts B. take actions C. set up D. benefit from
答案:A
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “科学家们______通过建立保护区来拯救濒危熊猫”,A “付出巨大努力” 符合语义;② 词汇用法:make great efforts to do sth. 为固定短语,“努力做某事”;③ 语法考点:动词短语的固定搭配及语义辨析;④ 干扰项排除:B “采取行动” 需加介词(take actions to do),此处缺少 to;C “建立”(宾语应为具体事物,如保护区)、D“从…… 受益” 语义逻辑颠倒。
10.The Yellowstone ______ in the US is famous for its hot springs and wild animals.
A. protected area B. national park C. research centre D. survival
答案:B
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “美国的黄石______以温泉和野生动物闻名”,黄石公园是著名的国家公园,B 符合常识;② 词汇用法:national park 为名词短语,“国家公园”,专有名词首字母大写(Yellowstone National Park);③ 语法考点:名词短语的语义及常识匹配;④ 干扰项排除:A “保护区”、C “研究中心”、D “生存” 均与黄石的知名属性不符。
11.______ , more than 1000 pandas have been protected in the nature reserves.
A. As of now B. Sadly C. Wildly D. Enough
答案:A
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “,已有 1000 多只熊猫在自然保护区得到保护”,A “到目前为止” 与现在完成时(have been protected)搭配;② 词汇用法:as of now 为介词短语,“到目前为止”,常用于现在完成时开头;③ 语法考点:介词短语与时态的搭配;④ 干扰项排除:B “难过地” 语义矛盾;C “疯狂地”、D “足够地” 无法修饰现在完成时的语境。
12.Many animals choose ______ as their habitats because they are safe from hunters.
A. logos B. neighbours C. protected areas D. research centres
答案:C
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “许多动物选择______作为栖息地,因为这里远离猎人,很安全”,C “保护区” 符合 “安全栖息地” 的特征;② 词汇用法:protected areas 为名词短语,“保护区”,复数形式表泛指;③ 语法考点:名词短语的语义辨析;④ 干扰项排除:A “标志”、B “邻居”、D “研究中心” 均不符合 “动物栖息地” 的属性。
13.A new ______ has been built to study the living habits of endangered whales.
A. research centre B. national treasure C. logo D. survival
答案:A
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “为研究濒危鲸鱼的生活习性,一座新的______已建成”,A “研究中心” 符合 “科研用途”;② 词汇用法:research centre 为名词短语,“研究中心”,单数形式与 a 搭配;③ 语法考点:名词短语的语义及逻辑搭配;④ 干扰项排除:B “国宝”、C “标志”、D “生存” 均与 “研究鲸鱼” 的目的不符。
14.The local government decided to ______ more nature reserves to protect wild animals.
A. set up B. return to C. provide with D. benefit from
答案:A
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “当地政府决定______更多自然保护区来保护野生动物”,A “建立” 符合 “新建保护区” 的动作;② 词汇用法:set up 为动词短语,“建立;设立”,后接名词作宾语;③ 语法考点:动词短语的语义及搭配辨析;④ 干扰项排除:B “返回”(需接地点,如 return to the park)、C“为…… 提供”(需加宾语,如 provide animals with food)、D“从…… 受益” 语义逻辑颠倒。
15.Local people ______ in protecting the wetland, as they know it’s important for their life.
A. play an important role B. make great efforts C. take actions D. benefit from
答案:A
解析:① 答案依据:语境 “当地人在保护湿地中______,因为他们知道这对自己的生活很重要”,A “起重要作用” 符合语义;② 词汇用法:play an important role in (doing) sth. 为固定短语,“在…… 中起重要作用”;③ 语法考点:动词短语的固定搭配;④ 干扰项排除:B “努力”(需加 to do,如 make great efforts to protect);C “采取行动”(需加 to do,如 take actions to protect);D“从…… 受益” 语义与 “主动保护” 不符。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.China has many ______(nation) parks that protect rare animals and plants.
答案:national
解析:① 答案形式:national 是 nation(名词,“国家”)的形容词形式,意为 “国家的”;② 语境分析:题干 “中国有许多______公园,保护珍稀动植物”,需形容词修饰名词 parks,national 符合语义;③ 语法考点:名词→形容词的词性转换;④ 干扰项排除:若误写为 nation(名词),无法修饰 parks;nationality(国籍)、nationally(副词)词性或语义不符。
2.The traditional festival is ______(popular) known among young people for its interesting customs.
答案:popularly
解析:① 答案形式:popularly 是 popular(形容词,“受欢迎的”)的副词形式,意为 “广泛地”;② 语境分析:题干 “这个传统节日因其有趣的习俗在年轻人中______闻名”,需副词修饰动词 known;③ 语法考点:形容词→副词的词性转换(多音节词加 -ly);④ 干扰项排除:popular(形容词)无法修饰动词;popularity(名词)词性不符。
3.______(sad), the old tree that stood in the community for 50 years was cut down.
答案:Sadly
解析:① 答案形式:Sadly 是 sad(形容词,“难过的”)的副词形式,意为 “令人难过地”;② 语境分析:题干 “,社区里矗立了 50 年的古树被砍倒了”,需副词修饰整个句子,表惋惜语气;③ 语法考点:形容词→副词的词性转换(以 -y 结尾变 -ily);④ 干扰项排除:sad(形容词)不能修饰句子;sadness(名词)词性不符。
4.When the singer appeared on stage, the audience cheered ______(wild) with excitement.
答案:wildly
解析:① 答案形式:wildly 是 wild(形容词,“疯狂的”)的副词形式,意为 “疯狂地”;② 语境分析:题干 “歌手登台时,观众兴奋地______欢呼”,需副词修饰动词 cheered;③ 语法考点:形容词→副词的词性转换(以 -d 结尾加 -ly);④ 干扰项排除:wild(形容词)无法修饰动词;wildness(名词)词性不符。
5.The company designed new ______(logo) for its products to attract more customers.
答案:logos
解析:① 答案形式:logos 是 logo(可数名词,“标志”)的复数形式;② 语境分析:题干 “公司为产品设计了新的______以吸引更多顾客”,new 后接复数名词表类别,many 隐含在语境中;③ 语法考点:可数名词的复数变化(直接加 -s);④ 干扰项排除:logo(单数)与语境 “新标志” 的复数含义不符;log(原木)语义无关。
6.The student performed______(fantastic) in the English speech contest and won first prize.
答案:fantastically
解析:① 答案形式:fantastically 是 fantastic(形容词,“极好的”)的副词形式,意为 “出色地”;② 语境分析:题干 “这个学生在英语演讲比赛中表现,获得了一等奖”,需副词修饰动词 performed;③ 语法考点:形容词→副词的词性转换(以 -c 结尾加 -ally);④ 干扰项排除:fantastic(形容词)无法修饰动词;fantasy(名词,“幻想”)语义不符。
7.Young birds are ______(vulnerable) to bad weather because they can’t fly well.
答案:vulnerable
解析:① 答案形式:vulnerable 是形容词原形,意为 “脆弱的;易受伤害的”;② 语境分析:题干 “幼鸟______受恶劣天气影响,因为它们飞得不好”,be 动词后接形容词作表语;③ 语法考点:形容词作表语的用法;④ 干扰项排除:vulnerably(副词)需修饰动词;vulnerability(名词)无法作表语。
8.Mo Yan is a ______(celebrate) writer whose works are loved by readers around the world.
答案:celebrated
解析:① 答案形式:celebrated 是 celebrate(动词,“庆祝”)的形容词形式,意为 “著名的;受赞誉的”;② 语境分析:题干 “莫言是一位______作家,他的作品受到全世界读者的喜爱”,需形容词修饰名词 writer;③ 语法考点:动词→形容词的词性转换;④ 干扰项排除:celebrate(动词)、celebration(名词,“庆祝”)词性不符;celebrating(现在分词)需与 be 动词连用表进行时。
9.Many endangered animals are______(protect) by law to ensure their living safety.
答案:protected
解析:① 答案形式:protected 是 protect(动词,“保护”)的过去分词形式;② 语境分析:题干 “许多濒危动物被法律,以确保它们的生存安全”,被动语态结构为 be + 过去分词;③ 语法考点:一般现在时的被动语态;④ 干扰项排除:protect(原形)、protects(三单)无法用于被动语态;protecting(现在分词)用于进行时,语义不符。
10.The number of online learners ______(increase) a lot during the past two years.
答案:increased
解析:① 答案形式:increased 是 increase(动词,“增加”)的过去式;② 语境分析:题干 “过去两年里,在线学习者的数量______了很多”,“during the past two years” 可搭配一般过去时,表过去发生的动作;③ 语法考点:一般过去时的时态用法;④ 干扰项排除:increases(三单)时态不符;increasing(现在分词)需与 be 动词连用;increase(原形)无法体现过去的时间。
11.We need more ______(understand) between parents and teenagers to avoid conflicts.
答案:understanding
解析:① 答案形式:understanding 是 understand(动词,“理解”)的名词形式,意为 “理解”,为不可数名词;② 语境分析:题干 “父母和青少年之间需要更多,以避免冲突”,more 后接名词作宾语;③ 语法考点:动词→名词的词性转换;④ 干扰项排除:understand(动词)、understands(三单)、understood(过去式)词性不符;understandable(形容词,“可理解的”)无法作宾语。
12.The school ______(provide) students with free books and stationery last semester.
答案:provided
解析:① 答案形式:provided 是 provide(动词,“提供”)的过去式;② 语境分析:题干 “学校上学期为学生______了免费的书籍和文具”,“last semester” 提示用一般过去时;③ 语法考点:一般过去时及 “provide sb. with sth.” 固定搭配;④ 干扰项排除:provides(三单)、provide(原形)时态不符;providing(现在分词)需与 be 动词连用。
13.People in the community have ______(benefit) a lot from the new sports center.
答案:benefited
解析:① 答案形式:benefited 是 benefit(动词,“受益”)的过去分词形式;② 语境分析:题干 “社区里的人们从新的体育中心______了很多”,现在完成时结构为 have + 过去分词;③ 语法考点:现在完成时的用法;④ 干扰项排除:benefit(原形)、benefits(三单)、benefiting(现在分词)无法用于现在完成时。
14.Everyone should take ______(action) to protect the environment, such as saving water.
答案:actions
解析:① 答案形式:actions 是 action(名词,“行动”)的复数形式;② 语境分析:题干 “每个人都应该采取______保护环境,比如节约用水”,固定搭配 “take actions to do sth.”(采取行动做某事),常用复数形式;③ 语法考点:名词复数及固定搭配;④ 干扰项排除:action(单数)虽可搭配 “take action”,但题干强调 “具体行动”,复数更常用;active(形容词)、act(动词)词性不符。
15.Our ______(neighbour) often help each other when there is a problem.
答案:neighbours
解析:① 答案形式:neighbours 是 neighbour(可数名词,“邻居”)的复数形式;② 语境分析:题干 “当有困难时,我们的______经常互相帮助”,谓语动词 help 为原形,主语需用复数;③ 语法考点:名词复数及主谓一致;④ 干扰项排除:neighbour(单数)与谓语动词 help 主谓不一致;neighbourhood(名词,“社区”)语义不符。
16.______(undoubtedly), reading more books can improve our language skills.
答案:Undoubtedly
解析:① 答案形式:undoubtedly 是副词原形,意为 “毫无疑问地”;② 语境分析:题干 “,多读书能提高我们的语言能力”,副词修饰整个句子,表肯定语气;③ 语法考点:副词的用法;④ 干扰项排除:undoubted(形容词)需修饰名词;undoubtfully(错误形式,无此词);doubt(动词 / 名词,“怀疑”)语义相反。
17.The ______(survive) of polar bears is facing great challenges due to global warming.
答案:survival
解析:① 答案形式:survival 是 survive(动词,“生存”)的名词形式,意为 “生存”;② 语境分析:题干 “由于全球变暖,北极熊的______正面临巨大挑战”,定冠词 the 后接名词作主语;③ 语法考点:动词→名词的词性转换;④ 干扰项排除:survive(动词)、survives(三单)、survived(过去式)词性不符;survivor(名词,“幸存者”)语义不符。
18.The ______(education) program helps children in poor areas get better schooling.
答案:educational
解析:① 答案形式:educational 是 education(名词,“教育”)的形容词形式,意为 “有教育意义的;教育相关的”;② 语境分析:题干 “这个______项目帮助贫困地区的孩子获得更好的教育”,需形容词修饰名词 program;③ 语法考点:名词→形容词的词性转换;④ 干扰项排除:education(名词)无法修饰 program;educationally(副词)词性不符;educate(动词)语义不通。
19.My brother ______(return) the borrowed book to the library yesterday afternoon.
答案:returned
解析:① 答案形式:returned 是 return(动词,“归还”)的过去式;② 语境分析:题干 “我哥哥昨天下午把借来的书______给了图书馆”,“yesterday afternoon” 提示用一般过去时;③ 语法考点:一般过去时的时态用法;④ 干扰项排除:returns(三单)、return(原形)时态不符;returning(现在分词)需与 be 动词连用。
20.A ______(survive) of the shipwreck told reporters about the terrible experience.
答案:survivor
解析:① 答案形式:survivor 是 survive(动词,“生存”)的名词形式,意为 “幸存者”,可数名词单数;② 语境分析:题干 “沉船事故的一位______向记者讲述了那次可怕的经历”,不定冠词 a 后接单数名词;③ 语法考点:动词→名词的词性转换;④ 干扰项排除:survive(动词)、survival(名词,“生存”)语义不符;survived(过去式)词性不符。
三、汉译英。
1.熊猫和兵马俑是中国著名的国宝。(national treasures 国宝)
答案:Pandas and the Terracotta Army are China’s famous national treasures.
解析:① 短语意思:national treasures 意为 “国宝”,复数形式表类别;② 短语用法:可数名词短语,常用搭配 “China’s national treasures”(中国的国宝);③ 句子结构:主系表(主语 + be 动词 + 定语 + 表语);④ 易错点:“兵马俑” 翻译为 the Terracotta Army(需加定冠词);national treasures 不可漏写 s(表多个国宝)。
2.这部动画电影非常受孩子们的欢迎。(be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎)
答案:This animated film is very popular with children.
解析:① 短语意思:be popular with sb. 意为 “受某人欢迎”;② 短语用法:主语为事物,sb. 用名词 / 代词宾格,中间可加 very 等副词修饰 popular;③ 句子结构:主系表(主语 + be popular with + 宾语);④ 易错点:避免误写为 be popular to sb.,固定搭配为 with;“孩子们” 用 children(复数表泛指),不用 child。
3.遗憾的是,我们不能参加这次校园音乐节了。(sadly enough 遗憾的是)
答案:Sadly enough, we can’t take part in this school music festival.
解析:① 短语意思:sadly enough 意为 “遗憾的是”;② 短语用法:副词短语,置于句首修饰整个句子,enough 修饰副词 sadly 需后置;③ 句子结构:状语 + 主谓宾(情态动词 + 动词原形);④ 易错点:enough 不可置于 sadly 前(副词修饰副词时 enough 后置);“参加” 用 take part in 或 join in,不用 join(接组织 / 人)。
4.我们下周要去郊外野餐,这真是个好消息!(fantastic news 好消息)
答案:We are going to have a picnic in the countryside next week—what fantastic news it is!
解析:① 短语意思:fantastic news 意为 “好消息”;② 短语用法:news 为不可数名词,无复数,前面不加 a/an,可加 what 引导感叹句;③ 句子结构:并列句(前半句主谓宾,后半句感叹句);④ 易错点:避免误写为 a fantastic news(news 不可数);“郊外” 用 countryside 或 suburbs,不用 outside city。
5.为了实现梦想,他每天都在付出巨大努力。(make great efforts 付出巨大努力)
答案:To realize his dream, he makes great efforts every day.
解析:① 短语意思:make great efforts 意为 “付出巨大努力”;② 短语用法:efforts 必须用复数,主语为第三人称单数时 make 变 makes;③ 句子结构:目的状语(To do)+ 主谓宾 + 时间状语;④ 易错点:不可写为 make great effort(effort 需用复数);“实现梦想” 用 realize one’s dream 或 achieve one’s dream。
6.去年暑假,我和家人去了黄石国家公园。(national park 国家公园)
答案:Last summer vacation, my family and I went to Yellowstone National Park.
解析:① 短语意思:national park 意为 “国家公园”;② 短语用法:专有名词首字母大写(如 Yellowstone National Park),普通表达用 a national park;③ 句子结构:时间状语 + 主谓宾 + 地点状语;④ 易错点:“国家公园” 首字母需大写(专有名词);“去年暑假” 用 last summer vacation,不用 last summer holiday(英式,初中常用前者)。
7.截至目前,已有200 多名学生报名参加英语演讲比赛。(as of now 截至目前)
答案:As of now, more than 200 students have signed up for the English speech contest.
解析:① 短语意思:as of now 意为 “截至目前”;② 短语用法:常用于现在完成时,置于句首或句中;③ 句子结构:状语 + 主谓宾(现在完成时:have/has + 过去分词);④ 易错点:时态不可用一般过去时(as of now 强调 “到现在为止”);“报名参加” 用 sign up for,不用 join。
8.这个保护区为许多珍稀鸟类提供了安全的家园。(protected area 保护区)
答案:This protected area provides a safe home for many rare birds.
解析:① 短语意思:protected area 意为 “保护区”;② 短语用法:可数名词短语,单数形式用 this/that 修饰,复数为 protected areas;③ 句子结构:主谓宾 + 状语;④ 易错点:“保护区” 不用 protect area(需用过去分词 protected 作定语);“珍稀鸟类” 用 rare birds,不用 precious birds(rare 更贴合初中词汇)。
9.老师们计划在学校建立一个课后阅读俱乐部。(set up 建立;设立;创办)
答案:Teachers plan to set up an after-school reading club in the school.
解析:① 短语意思:set up 意为 “建立;设立;创办”;② 短语用法:后接名词作宾语,plan to 后接 set up 原形;③ 句子结构:主谓宾(plan to do + 宾语);④ 易错点:避免误写为 set up up(重复);“课后阅读俱乐部” 用 after-school reading club,不用 after class reading club(需连字符)。
10.这些孩子需要更多的教育来改变自己的生活。(increased education 更多的教育)
答案:These children need increased education to change their lives.
解析:① 短语意思:increased education 意为 “更多的教育”;② 短语用法:increased 为形容词 “增加的、更多的”,修饰不可数名词 education;③ 句子结构:主谓宾 + 目的状语(to do);④ 易错点:“更多的教育” 不用 more education(需用给定短语 increased education);“改变生活” 用 change their lives(life 复数为 lives)。
11.当地人总是热情地帮助来这里旅游的游客。(local people 当地人)
答案:Local people always warmly help tourists who travel here.
解析:① 短语意思:local people 意为 “当地人”;② 短语用法:复数形式表泛指,local 为形容词 “当地的”,可替换为 the locals(复数名词);③ 句子结构:主谓宾 + 定语从句;④ 易错点:local people 不用加 the(表泛指时);“热情地帮助” 用 warmly help(warmly 修饰动词),不用 help warmly(副词需前置)。
12.树木在净化空气和保护环境中发挥着重要作用。(play an important role 发挥重要作用)
答案:Trees play an important role in purifying the air and protecting the environment.
解析:① 短语意思:play an important role 意为 “发挥重要作用”;② 短语用法:固定搭配 “play an important role in (doing) sth.”,in 后接名词 / 动名词;③ 句子结构:主谓宾 + 状语(in doing sth.);④ 易错点:in 不可省略,后接动词需用动名词(purifying/protecting);role 不用复数(play an important role 为固定表达)。
13.父母总是尽力为我们提供温暖的家。(provide...with... 为… 提供)
答案:Parents always try their best to provide us with a warm home.
解析:① 短语意思:provide...with... 意为 “为… 提供”;② 短语用法:双宾语结构,provide 后接间接宾语(人),with 后接直接宾语(物),同义短语为 provide sth. for sb.;③ 句子结构:主谓宾(try one’s best to do + provide 短语);④ 易错点:避免误写为 provide us a warm home(漏写 with);“尽力” 用 try their best,不用 try their bests(best 为不可数)。
14.我们可以从每天的阅读中受益良多。(benefit from 从… 中受益)
答案:We can benefit a lot from daily reading.
解析:① 短语意思:benefit from 意为 “从… 中受益”;② 短语用法:benefit 为动词,后接 from + 名词 / 动名词,can 后接原形;③ 句子结构:主谓宾(情态动词 + 动词原形 + 宾语);④ 易错点:benefit 不用变被动(无 be benefited from);“每天的阅读” 用 daily reading(形容词 daily 修饰名词),不用 read every day(动词短语)。
15.每个人都应该采取行动减少塑料污染。(take actions to do sth. 采取行动做某事)
答案:Everyone should take actions to reduce plastic pollution.
解析:① 短语意思:take actions to do sth. 意为 “采取行动做某事”;② 短语用法:actions 用复数形式,to 后接动词原形表目的;③ 句子结构:主谓宾(情态动词 + 动词短语 + 目的状语);④ 易错点:不可写为 take action to do(需用给定短语的复数 actions);“减少” 用 reduce 或 cut down,不用 decrease(初中常用 reduce)。
谢谢观看
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