摘要:
**基本信息**
聚焦八年级下册核心词汇、词法句法及语篇应用,构建“词汇-语法-语用”三维训练体系,强化语言能力与文化意识融合。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|词汇固定搭配|55个核心搭配|按动词短语、介词短语等功能分类罗列|从基础搭配到同义/近义辨析(如continue doing/to do),构建词汇网络|
|词法句法|构词法(派生/转化/合成)、6种基本句型、2类复合句|规则讲解+实例分析|从构词规则(前缀tele-/e-,后缀-al/-ion)到词形变化,再到句法结构(简单句→复合句),形成语法认知链|
|语篇填空|2篇(端午文化主题)|语境填词(选择/纯填空)|结合传统文化情境,考查固定搭配(in memory of)、从句引导词(if/why)等,实现知识向语用能力转化,提升思维品质|
内容正文:
仁爱版八年级英语下册词汇和固定搭配期末专项练习
一、 重点词汇和固定搭配梳理
1. invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to sw. 邀请某人去某地
make an invitation 发出邀请
2. force sb to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
3. persuade sb to do sth. 说服某人做某事
4. be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
5. be able to do sth. 能够做某事
6. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
7. can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
8. can't afford to do sth. 负担不起做某事
9. can't stand doing sth. 无法忍受做某事
10. stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事
11. continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事
12. continue to do sth. 做完一件事后继续做另一件事
13. in case + 句子 以防;万一
14. in case of + 名词 万一;假使
15. in total = in all 总共;总计
16. in a word 总而言之
17. all in all 总的来说;总而言之
18. in danger 处于危险中
19. in cash 用现金;现金支付
20. fall asleep 入睡;睡着
21. be well-known for/as 因……闻名/作为……闻名
22. be mentioned 被提及
23. get married 结婚
24. neck and neck 并驾齐驱;不分上下
25. lose weight 减肥
26. watch videos 看视频
27. increase to 增长到(接最终数值)
28. increase by 增长了(即增长幅度)
29. at home and abroad 在国内外
30. remind sb of sth. 使某人想起某物/某事
31. the amount of + 不可数名词 ……的数量
32. mix A with B 把A和B混合
33. connect A with B 把A和B联系起来(侧重逻辑关联)
34. connect A to B 把A连接到B上(侧重实物对接)
35. hurt badly = be badly hurt 伤得很重
36. prevent sb from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
37. judge from = judge by 根据……判断
38. agree with sb. 同意某人(的观点)
39. reply to sb. 回复某人
40. as usual 像往常一样
41. take a risk / take risks 冒险
42. take a risk to do sth. 冒险做某事
43. take action 采取行动
44. die of 死于(内因:疾病、衰老等)
45. what else 还有别的什么
46. translate...into... 把……翻译成……
47. depend on = rely on 依靠;取决于
48. be harmful to… = do harm to 对……有害
49. be satisfied with… 对……感到满意
50. be weak in… 在……方面薄弱;不擅长……
51. play chess 下国际象棋
52.in recent years 在最近几年
53.hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事
54.once upon a time v从前
55. less than 少于
二、词法和句法
词法(构词法、词形变化)
(一)派生构词法(前缀 + 后缀)
1. 前缀
(1). tele-:表“远距离、远程”
例:telephone, television
(2) e-:表“电子、线上”
例:e-mail, e-commerce,e-.bike
2. 后缀
(1)-al:动词→名词(动作/过程);名词→形容词
arrive(v. 到达)→ arrival(n.)
nation(n. 国家)→ national(adj. 国家的)
(2) -ion:动词→名词(行为、结果)
例 invent(v. 发明)→ invention(n. 发明) act(v. 行动)→ action(n. 行动)
(3) -ed / -ing 形容词后缀
-ed:修饰人,表“感到……的”;
-ing:修饰物,表“令人……的”
(二)其他构词方式
1. 转化法 Conversion:单词词性直接转换,拼写不变
例:water n. 水 → water v. 浇水
name n. 名字—name v. 命名
face n. 脸 — face v. 面对
2. 合成法 Compound words:两个单词拼接造新词
basket➕ball=basketball
skate➕board=skateboard
(三)词形变化
副词的3种形式
原级(原形) 比较级(-er) 最高级(-est)
单独使用 2者 3者
句法
简单句( 一句话只有一套主语+谓语,只讲一件事,是复合句的基础)
掌握:
1. 句子成分
2. 每种成分用什么字母代替
3. 6种基本句型
4. 会判定一个句子属于哪种句型
复合句 = 1个主句 + 1个或多个从句,由连词连接,一句话里包含两套及以上主谓结构,一套是主句,另一套跟从着作它的某个成分)
1. 宾语从句(中考必考)
定义:一个句子作宾语(第2个句子做第1个句子的宾语),就叫宾语从句
结构:主句➕引导词➕从句
三大核心:引导词 时态 语序
2. 状语从句:从句表示主句动作发生的
时间、原因、结果、条件,目的,做的让步
结构:主句➕引导词➕从句
从句,主句(结果,目的除外)
核心:引导词 时态
三、语篇填空
(一)
从括号里选择合适的词,并用其正确形式填空
(but smell if herbal what tradition relax mix so how)
Making sachets(香囊) is a 1.____ custom during the Dragon Boat Festival. People need to 2.____all kinds of 3.____ plants such as wormwood(艾草) together to fill cloth bags. The 4.____ of these herbs will make people feel 5.____ and drive away mosquitoes(蚊子)
Sachets are 6.____ popular that many parents wonder 7.____ materials they need to buy and learn 8.____ to make nice sachets at home. Wearing a sachet is not only beautiful 9.____ good for health. 10.____ you wear one in summer, you will feel fresh all day.
(二)
每空填入一个合适的词,使句意通顺,语法正确
The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Most people celebrate it 1.____ memory of Qu Yuan, a great loyal poet in ancient China. After he jumped into the Miluo River, local villagers rowed boats quickly to look 2.____ him.
They also threw zongzi into the river to stop fish 3.____ eating his body. That’s 4.____ eating zongzi and dragon boat races become two important traditions.
The festival stands 5.____ patriotism(爱国情怀 )and people’s wishes for good health. People believe 6.____ hanging mugwort(艾草) at the gate can keep bad luck away. There are big differences 7.____ southern customs and northern customs.
People in the south like salty meat zongzi and hold dragon boat races 8.____ they can win prizes. Northerners love sweet red bean zongzi 9.____ they often make zongzi at home on their own. No matter 10.____ people celebrate the festival, they all value the traditional culture.
附:参考答案
(一)
1. traditional 2. mix 3. herbal
4. smell 5. relaxed 6. so
7. what 8. how 9. but
10. if
(二)
1. in 【固定搭配】in memory of 纪念
2. for 【动副短语】look for 寻找
3. from 【固定搭配】stop…from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
4. why 【表语从句】
5. for 【固定搭配】stand for 代表,象征
6. that 【宾语从句】陈述句引导词that,可省略
7. between 【固定搭配】between…and… 在两者之间
8. so that 【目的状语从句】为了,以便
9. and 【并列连词】连接两个并列分句
10. how 【让步状语从句】no matter how 无论如何
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