内容正文:
高考英语长难句分析
100 句 精 讲
真题原句 · 每句标注确切出处 · 逐句序号(共 100 句)
出处 → 原句 → 主干提取 → 结构拆解 → 重点词汇 → 参考翻译 → 考点提示
选自 2022–2025 年高考英语真题(新课标 I/II 卷 · 全国甲/乙卷 · 新高考 I 卷 · 浙江卷)
选句来源分布
试卷来源
句数
2025 · 全国 II 卷
6
2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷
13
2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷
13
2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷
12
2024 · 全国甲卷
10
2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷
9
2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷
11
2023 · 新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷
1
2023 · 新课标全国 II 卷
7
2023 · 全国甲卷
12
2023 · 全国乙卷
6
—— 全册 100 句,连续编号,逐句精讲 ——
第 01 句
出处 2025 · 全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.
▍ 主干提取
Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease …(研究表明病假减少了 30%)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ that 引导【宾语从句】,作 showed 的宾语,从句采用 there be 句型陈述研究结论。
▸ who were in plant-rich workplaces 为【定语从句】,修饰先行词 people,who 在从句中作主语。
▸ for people … 为介词短语作状语,限定 decrease 的适用人群。
▍ 重点词汇短语
decrease in
n. (在……方面的)减少;下降
sick leave
n. 病假
plant-rich
adj. 植物丰富的
workplace
n. 工作场所;职场
show that
表明;显示(后接宾语从句)
▍ 参考翻译
我们的研究表明,在植物丰富的工作环境中,人们的病假减少了 30%。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查 that 宾语从句套 who 定语从句的双层嵌套结构。注意 there be 句型主谓一致(a decrease 用 was),以及 decrease 后固定搭配介词 in。定语从句 who were 不可省略关系词,因 who 作主语。
第 02 句
出处 2025 · 全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it.
▍ 主干提取
If you're among the groups of people …, don't beat yourself up if one doesn't make it.(若你属于此类人,别因某株没养活而自责)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 全句含两个 if 引导的【条件状语从句】,分别置于句首和句末。
▸ who are enjoying … 为【定语从句】,修饰 the groups of people,who 作主语。
▸ of surrounding yourself with plants 为介词 + 【动名词短语】,作 benefits 的后置定语。
▸ 主句 don't beat yourself up 为否定【祈使句】,提出建议。
▍ 重点词汇短语
be among
属于……之中
beat oneself up
苛责自己;自责
surround oneself with
让自己置身于……之中
make it
成功;(此处指植物)存活下来
benefit
n. 益处;好处
▍ 参考翻译
如果你正属于那类因亲近植物而获得心理和身体健康益处的人,那就算有一株(或几株)植物未能存活,也请勿苛责自己。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查多重 if 条件从句与 who 定语从句的层层嵌套,以及祈使句作主句。注意 make it 是常考习语,意为“成功、办成、活下来”,并非字面“制造它”;beat yourself up 也是高频口语短语。
第 03 句
出处 2025 · 全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase "there are children starving in Africa" was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
▍ 主干提取
Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa …(那种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句 that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa,from 后接【动名词短语】作宾语。
▸ where 引导【非限制性定语从句】,修饰先行词 South Africa,where 在从句中作地点状语。
▸ more of A than B 为【比较结构】,表示“与其说是 B,不如说是 A”。
▸ 引号中的 the phrase … 为从句主语,整体作类比说明。
▍ 重点词汇短语
come from
源于;来自
grow up
长大;成长
more of A than B
与其说是 B,不如说是 A
reminder
n. 提醒(物);提示
prayer
n. 祈祷;祷告
▍ 参考翻译
也许那种感觉源于我在南非的成长经历,在那里,“非洲还有孩子正在挨饿”这句话,与其说是一句饭前祈祷,不如说是一种令人不安的事实提醒。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考点是 where 引导的非限制性定语从句(先行词为地点 South Africa)与 more of … than … 比较结构的理解。命题常在此类比较句设“句意推断”题,须把握“侧重前者、否定后者”的逻辑,切勿误判说话人态度。
第 04 句
出处 2025 · 全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
▍ 主干提取
it serves as a reminder that …, and that …(它提醒我们:方法多样,且万物皆可成佳肴)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句 it serves as a reminder,serve as 意为“起……作用、充当”。
▸ 两个 that 引导并列的【同位语从句】,共同解释说明 reminder 的具体内容。
▸ to address problems of sustainability 为【动词不定式短语】作后置定语,修饰 ways。
▸ make … out of … 表示“用……做出……”,构成第二个同位语从句的核心。
▍ 重点词汇短语
serve as
充当;起……作用
reminder
n. 提醒;提示物
address
vt. 应对;处理(问题)
sustainability
n. 可持续性
make … out of …
用……做出……
▍ 参考翻译
尽管如此,它亦在提醒我们:有很多方法可以应对可持续性问题,而且纵是平凡万物亦可做出一顿美味的饭菜。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句核心考点是两个并列 that 同位语从句修饰抽象名词 reminder(区别于定语从句:同位语从句中 that 不充当成分、句子完整)。注意并列时第二个 that 不可省略;address 在此为动词“处理、应对”,是高考高频熟词生义。
第 05 句
出处 2025 · 全国 II 卷 · 语法填空
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance to discover one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet "sunshine scent" after sunning clothes for an entire day.
▍ 主干提取
my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines …, denying me the chance …(家人邻里从不晾衣,让我错失了发现阳光妙处的机会)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Growing up 为【现在分词短语作时间状语】,相当于 When I was growing up。
▸ denying me the chance … 为【现在分词短语作结果状语】,表自然而然的结果。
▸ to discover … 为【动词不定式作后置定语】,修饰 chance。
▸ 破折号后的 the sweet "sunshine scent" … 为 wonders 的【同位语】,具体说明其内容。
▍ 重点词汇短语
grow up
长大;成长
clothesline
n. 晾衣绳
deny sb. sth.
使某人无法得到某物;剥夺
wonder
n. 奇迹;奇观;妙处
scent
n. 气味;香味
▍ 参考翻译
在我成长的过程中,我的家人和邻居从不用晾衣绳晾衣服,导致我没机会发现阳光的一大妙处——衣服晒一整天后那种好闻的“太阳味道”。
▍ 考点提示
★ 语法填空高频考点:句首 Growing up 用 -ing 作状语(逻辑主语 = 主句主语);denying 用现在分词表自然结果(“否定/剥夺”含义,非 deny 的过去式)。注意 deny sb. sth. 双宾结构,以及破折号引出同位语解释 wonders。
第 06 句
出处 2025 · 全国 II 卷 · 读后续写
Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did.
▍ 主干提取
Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain …, yet they still could not say it …(每次自我介绍我都要反复解释,他们仍念不对)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Every time 引导【时间状语从句】,意为“每当……时”。
▸ how to pronounce my name 为【疑问词 + 不定式】结构,作 explain 的宾语。
▸ yet 连接转折并列分句,表“然而、仍”。
▸ the way I did 为【方式状语从句】,省略关系词(the way = in which)。
▍ 重点词汇短语
every time
每次;每当(引导从句)
self-introduction
n. 自我介绍
pronounce
vt. 发音;读出
the way (that)
(按照)……的方式
yet
conj./adv. 然而;但是
▍ 参考翻译
每次我做自我介绍时,都得教别人念我的名字至少五遍,可他们依然无法像我那样正确发音。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查名词性短语 every time 作连词引导时间状语,以及 the way + 从句(方式状语,关系词常省略,可用 the way / the way that / the way in which)。读后续写中此类“反复努力却未果”的转折句(yet)适合表现人物处境,可积累仿写。
第 07 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 A 篇
Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection.
▍ 主干提取
ILL provides teachers, students and staff with access to books …, as well as digitized copies …(馆际互借为师生职工提供借书及数字副本的途径)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句为 ILL provides … with access to books,用 provide sb. with sth. 句型。
▸ that are checked out or not owned … 为【定语从句】,修饰 books,that 作主语。
▸ as well as 连接【并列成分】,补充 access 所涵盖的另一对象 digitized copies。
▸ from our collection 为介词短语作后置定语,修饰 copies。
▍ 重点词汇短语
provide sb. with sth.
为某人提供某物
access to
(接触、使用……的)途径;权限
check out
(图书)被借出;办理外借
as well as
以及;和
digitized
adj. 数字化的
▍ 参考翻译
图书馆间互借服务(ILL)为教师、学生和职工提供了借阅已被借出或本馆未收藏的书籍的途径,同时也提供了本馆收藏的文章和书籍章节的数字化副本。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查 provide sb. with sth. 句型及 access to(接触/使用的途径)这一高频搭配。难点在 that 定语从句内含两个并列谓语(are checked out / not owned),以及 as well as 连接的并列宾语,须看清并列对象是 access 的两类内容。
第 08 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I'm not convinced that food is one of them.
▍ 主干提取
There are so many things … that are good to talk through, but I'm not convinced that …(育儿中很多事值得细谈,但我不信饮食是其一)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ but 连接两个分句,构成【并列复合句】,表转折。
▸ 前一分句中 that are good to talk through 为【定语从句】,修饰 things。
▸ 后一分句中 that food is one of them 为【宾语从句】,作 convinced 的宾语(形容词后接 that 从句)。
▸ be good to do 表“值得/适合做……”,to talk through 为不定式作表语成分。
▍ 重点词汇短语
parenting
n. 养育子女;育儿
talk through
充分讨论;谈透
be convinced that
确信;认为(后接从句)
one of them
其中之一
good to do
值得做;适合做
▍ 参考翻译
在育儿过程中,有很多事情值得讨论,但我并不认为饮食问题是值得讨论的问题之一。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句两处 that 需辨清:前一 that 引导定语从句(在从句中作主语、可还原 things 重复成分);后一 that 引导宾语从句(不充当成分、句子完整)。考点常落在区分定语从句与名词性从句,以及 be convinced that 这一“形容词 + 从句”结构。
第 09 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the "Division of Responsibility," where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.
▍ 主干提取
she recommends applying a well-known concept …, where parents provide … and the kids decide …(她建议采用“责任分工”概念:家长供餐、孩子自主决定吃什么)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 she recommends applying a well-known concept,recommend 后接【动名词】作宾语。
▸ called the "Division of Responsibility" 为【过去分词短语作后置定语】,修饰 concept。
▸ where 引导【定语从句】,修饰先行词 concept,内含 and 连接的两个并列分句。
▸ decide 后接 what and how much they want to consume,为【宾语从句】;句末 even if 引导【让步状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
recommend doing
建议做……
a variety of
各种各样的
division of responsibility
责任分工
consume
vt. 吃;喝;消耗
even if
即使;纵然
▍ 参考翻译
相反,她建议采用营养学专家熟知的一个概念,即“责任分工”。在这种模式下,家长定时为孩子提供多种健康食物,而孩子自己决定吃什么以及吃多少——即便这意味着他们偶尔吃饼干多于胡萝卜。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句为长难句典范:recommend 接动名词(recommend doing)、called 过去分词作定语、where 引导抽象名词 concept 的定语从句(where 表抽象“情形”而非地点)。还要看清 decide 后 what and how much 双重宾语从句与 even if 让步从句的嵌套层次。
第 10 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive, they do make better decisions.
▍ 主干提取
I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that …(我一直在试这些策略,并发现……)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ and 连接两个并列分句,构成【并列复合句】。
▸ 后一分句中 that 引导【宾语从句】,作 found 的宾语。
▸ 宾语从句内 when I'm less restrictive 为【时间状语从句】。
▸ do make 中 do 为【强调用法的助动词】,加强谓语 make 的语气。
▍ 重点词汇短语
try out
试用;尝试
strategy
n. 策略;方法
restrictive
adj. 限制性的;约束的
do + 动词原形
(用于)强调谓语
make decisions
做决定
▍ 参考翻译
我一直在尝试这些策略,并且发现当我减少限制时,他们确实会做出更好的决定。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查现在完成进行时(have been trying out)表“一直在做”,及 do + 动词原形对谓语的强调(do make = 确实做)。宾语从句中嵌 when 时间状语从句,注意层次:found > that 从句 > when 从句。
第 11 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.
▍ 主干提取
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant … parkland …(这一概念诞生于二战后德国规划者尝试以可复制方式种植公园绿地之时)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句为 The concept was born,采用一般过去时被动语态。
▸ when 引导【时间状语从句】,交代概念诞生的背景。
▸ in a reproducible way 为介词短语作方式状语。
▸ that would need minimal maintenance 为【定语从句】,修饰 way,that 作主语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
be born
诞生;产生
seek to do
试图做;力求做
parkland
n. 公园用地;绿地
reproducible
adj. 可复制的;可再现的
maintenance
n. 维护;保养
▍ 参考翻译
这一概念诞生于二战后德国城市规划者试图以可复制的方式种植大面积公园绿地,这种方式只需要最少的维护。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考点为 when 时间状语从句 + that 定语从句(修饰 way)的嵌套。注意 seek to do(试图)、reproducible(可复制)、maintenance(维护)等学术词汇;in a … way that … 是“以一种……的方式”这一可拆分长定语结构。
第 12 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
▍ 主干提取
plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together …, forming a cooperative ecosystem …(栽培需求相近的植物被归类种植,从而形成节水抑草的协作生态系统)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干为 plants … are grouped,with similar cultural needs 作后置定语修饰 plants。
▸ so that 引导【目的状语从句】,说明归类种植的目的。
▸ forming a cooperative ecosystem … 为【现在分词短语作结果状语】。
▸ that conserves water and discourages weeds 为【定语从句】,修饰 ecosystem,含两个并列谓语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
cultural needs
栽培需求;养护需求
group
vt. 把……归类;分组
so that
以便;为了(引导目的状语)
conserve
vt. 节约;保护
discourage
vt. 抑制;阻止
▍ 参考翻译
在矩阵式花园中,具有相似栽培需求的植物被归类种植,使它们能够在地表和地下共同生长,形成一个协作的生态系统,从而节约用水并抑制杂草生长。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句须分清 so that 目的状语从句与 forming 现在分词作结果状语两层逻辑。难点是熟词生义:cultural needs 指“栽培/养护需求”,group 作动词“归类”,discourage 表“抑制(杂草)”。that 定语从句修饰 ecosystem 且含两个并列动词。
第 13 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.
▍ 主干提取
Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors … while playing with color and form …(皮特·奥多夫的花园推广了这一风格,为植物搭配增添艺术气息)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干为 Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style,为简单句主谓宾结构。
▸ adding artistic flavors … 为【现在分词短语作伴随状语】。
▸ while playing with color and form 为【现在分词短语作时间/伴随状语】,while 后省略 the gardens are。
▸ including … and serving … 补充说明 this style 所包含的内容。
▍ 重点词汇短语
popularize
vt. 推广;使流行
flavor
n. 风味;情趣;特色
play with
运用;摆弄;尝试
four-season interest
四季景观(趣味)
serve the needs of
满足……的需求
▍ 参考翻译
荷兰植物学家兼设计师皮特·奥多夫的花园推广了这种风格,在植物搭配中添加了艺术气息,同时运用色彩和造型,兼顾四季景观,并满足野生动植物的需求。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查多个 -ing 形式的状语叠加(adding / playing / serving)及 while + doing 的省略结构(while (it is) playing)。注意 flavor 此处取“情趣、特色”义,play with 取“运用、尝试”义,均为高频熟词生义。
第 14 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
▍ 主干提取
gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects …(性别是人们与物品建立联系的根本方式之一)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ as Martin has found in her work 为 as 引导的【非限制性定语从句】,as 指代主句内容。
▸ 主句为 gender is one of the fundamental ways。
▸ people form connections with objects 为【定语从句】(省略关系词),修饰 ways。
▸ those designed with human characteristics 中 designed … 为【过去分词短语作后置定语】,修饰 those(指代 objects)。
▍ 重点词汇短语
as
(引导从句)正如……
fundamental
adj. 基本的;根本的
form connections with
与……建立联系
characteristic
n. 特征;特点
particularly
adv. 尤其;特别
▍ 参考翻译
然而,正如 Martin 在她的工作中所发现的那样,性别是人们与物品建立联系的基本方式之一,尤其是那些被赋予人类特征的物品。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考点丰富:as 引导非限制性定语从句(as = 正如,指代全句);ways 后接省略关系词的定语从句;those = objects 并由 designed 过去分词短语修饰。考试常考 as 从句与 those + 分词的指代关系,须准确还原。
第 15 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
▍ 主干提取
anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles …(拟人化产品可被设计成与刻板印象不符的角色)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干为 anthropomorphized products could be created,含情态动词被动语态。
▸ to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles 为【不定式作目的状语】。
▸ 破折号后为对 roles 的举例补充,含 a male robot / a female robot 两个并列成分。
▸ that assists with nursing / that helps do calculations 为两个【定语从句】,分别修饰两个 robot。
▍ 重点词汇短语
anthropomorphized
adj. 拟人化的
take on
承担;呈现(角色)
stereotype-inconsistent
adj. 与刻板印象不符的
assist with
协助;帮助(做某事)
for instance
例如
▍ 参考翻译
同样,拟人化产品可以被设计成与刻板印象不符的角色——例如,协助护理的男性机器人或帮助进行计算的女性机器人。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查情态动词的被动语态(could be created)+ 不定式目的状语,以及破折号后并列举例中两个 that 定语从句的对称结构。注意 take on(承担/呈现)的熟词生义和 assist with sth./doing 的搭配。
第 16 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解(七选五)
If you've ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you'll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.
▍ 主干提取
If you've ever worked as …, you'll know that there are few better ways to learn … than to teach it.(若你做过教学工作,便知学新知最好的方法莫过于教别人)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ if 引导【条件状语从句】,置于句首。
▸ 主句为 you'll know,that 引导【宾语从句】,作 know 的宾语。
▸ 宾语从句采用 few … better … than … 的【比较结构】,表否定加比较,意为“没有比……更好的”。
▸ to learn new information / to teach it 为两个【不定式】,构成比较两端。
▍ 重点词汇短语
work as
担任;从事……工作
instructor
n. 教练;指导者;讲师
there are few better ways than
没有比……更好的方法
learn
vt. 学习;学会
teach
vt. 教;讲授
▍ 参考翻译
如果你曾经担任过讲师、经理、培训师或教练,你就会知道,学习新知识最好的方法之一就是教授它。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句核心是“否定词 few + 比较级 + than”表最高级含义(few better ways … than = 几乎没有比……更好的,即最好的)。七选五常以这类含蓄表达的逻辑词(few/no … better than)设承启句,须读懂其“以退为进”的强调意味。
第 17 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 完形填空
The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no surprise.
▍ 主干提取
The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream …, as opposed to a restaurant where …(这个平台让 Ribeiro 得以自由地实现梦想,不同于餐馆的种种)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干为 The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream,用 enable sb. to do 句型。
▸ with a great deal of freedom 为介词短语作方式状语。
▸ as opposed to 引出【对比结构】,将平台与餐馆相对照。
▸ where 引导【定语从句】,修饰 restaurant,内含三个并列分句(service / menu / meal)。
▍ 重点词汇短语
enable sb. to do
使某人能够做……
a great deal of
大量的;许多的
as opposed to
与……相对;而不是
impersonal
adj. 不带个人感情的;冷漠的
in advance
提前;预先
▍ 参考翻译
这个平台使 Ribeiro 能够在极大的自由度下实现她的梦想,而不像餐馆那样——服务冷漠、菜单预先设定,饭菜也毫无惊喜可言。
▍ 考点提示
★ 完形中常在对比关系处设空,本句 as opposed to(与……相反)即关键对比连接词。注意 enable sb. to do 句型、where 引导地点定语从句内含三个并列谓语结构,以及 impersonal、in advance 等高频词的搭配与语境义。
第 18 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 语法填空
Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on/upon the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes or contributing to landfill.
▍ 主干提取
Customers today look past the fact that … and focus instead on the fact that …(如今顾客不再在意物品是二手,转而关注能穿出独特而不堆满衣柜)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句含 look past … and focus … on … 的【并列谓语】结构。
▸ 两个 that 分别引导【同位语从句】,解释两个 fact 的内容。
▸ 第二个同位语从句中含 and 连接的【并列谓语】(have … / are not overstuffing … or contributing …)。
▸ to wear 为【不定式作后置定语】,修饰 something unique。
▍ 重点词汇短语
look past
不再计较;无视
secondhand
adj. 二手的
focus on/upon
专注于;关注
overstuff
vt. 过度填塞
contribute to
导致;增加(负担)
▍ 参考翻译
如今的顾客不再在意物品是二手的,而是更加关注自己能穿上独特的衣物,同时不会过度填满自己的衣柜或增加垃圾填埋场的负担。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查两个 that 同位语从句修饰 fact(that 不作成分、句子完整,区别于定语从句),以及并列谓语 look past … and focus on …。语法填空中 contribute 常考搭配 contribute to(导致/有助于),focus 常考 focus on,须留意介词固定搭配。
第 19 句
出处 2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 语法填空
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
▍ 主干提取
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package … and offer to travellers …(Tanya 还把目光投向休闲服装,计划打包成胶囊衣橱租给旅行者)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句为 Tanya is also looking beyond … to …,look beyond A to B 表“越过 A 转向 B”。
▸ which 引导【非限制性定语从句】,修饰 less formal clothing。
▸ 定语从句含 package … and offer … 的【并列谓语】。
▸ such as those headed to weddings abroad 为举例插入,补充说明 travellers;headed … 为过去分词作定语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
look beyond … to …
把目光从……投向……
package
vt. 打包;包装
capsule wardrobe
胶囊衣橱(精简搭配的衣物组合)
be headed to
前往;朝……去
rental period
租赁期
▍ 参考翻译
Tanya 也不仅限于特殊场合礼服,而是将目光投向更休闲的服装,她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱,提供给旅行者,比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人,并提供较长期的租赁期限。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查 which 非限制性定语从句(先行词为 clothing)及从句内并列谓语 package … and offer …。语法填空注意 those headed to … 为 those (who are) headed 的省略式(过去分词作定语),以及 look beyond … to … 的搭配。
第 20 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 A 篇
We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.
▍ 主干提取
We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting …(我们将在探索公园美景的同时进行各项工作)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句为 We'll explore beautiful park sites。
▸ while conducting … 为【现在分词短语作伴随状语】,while 后省略 we are。
▸ conducting 后接 invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection 三个并列宾语。
▸ 三项并列名词短语用逗号和 and 连接,表同时进行的活动。
▍ 重点词汇短语
explore
vt. 探索;考察
conduct
vt. 进行;实施
invasive plant
入侵植物
removal
n. 清除;移除
seed collection
种子采集
▍ 参考翻译
我们将在探索美丽的公园景点的同时,进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子采集工作。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查 while + doing 的省略结构(while (we are) conducting),表“在……的同时”。注意 conduct(进行/实施)作正式动词的搭配,以及三个并列名词短语的对称表达,是写作中“一边……一边……”的实用句式。
第 21 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.
▍ 主干提取
she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that …(她本欲让狗安乐死,但治疗大大减轻了痛苦,使狗多活五个月)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ After Charlie had a heart attack 为【时间状语从句】,Tindale says 为插入语。
▸ but 连接前后两个并列分句,表转折。
▸ so much that … 为 so … that … 引导的【结果状语从句】。
▸ to keep him alive 中 alive 作宾语补足语,构成 keep sb. + adj. 结构。
▍ 重点词汇短语
have a heart attack
突发心脏病
be prepared to do
准备做;打算做
put … to sleep
(婉辞)使(动物)安乐死
ease
vt. 减轻;缓解
so … that …
如此……以致于……
▍ 参考翻译
在 Charlie 得了心脏病后,Tindale 说她本打算让它安乐死,但 Farber 的治疗极大地缓解了她的狗的痛苦,使她能够让它多活了五个月。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考点为 so … that … 结果状语从句(so much that)及 put … to sleep 这一委婉语(指安乐死)。注意 ease 作动词“减轻”,keep him alive 中 alive 作宾补;插入语 Tindale says 不影响主干分析,须先剥离。
第 22 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.
▍ 主干提取
Farber is certain that …, and if the past is any indication, he may be right …(Farber 确信整体疗法将日益流行;若以史为鉴,他或许是对的)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ and 连接两个并列分句。
▸ 前一分句中 that 引导【宾语从句】(形容词 certain 后接从句)。
▸ 后一分句中 if the past is any indication 为【条件状语从句】。
▸ 冒号后内容为补充说明,用数据佐证 he may be right。
▍ 重点词汇短语
be certain that
确信;肯定
holistic approach
整体疗法;全方位方法
with time
随着时间推移
indication
n. 迹象;表明
membership
n. 会员人数;会员资格
▍ 参考翻译
Farber 确信,随着时间的推移,全方位治疗会越来越受欢迎,如果过去有任何迹象的话,他可能是对的:自 1982 年以来,美国整体兽医医学协会的会员人数已从 30 人增长至 700 多人。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查 be certain that 形容词接宾语从句、if 条件从句,以及冒号引出数据作论据的论证结构。习语 if the past is any indication(如果过去能说明问题/以史为鉴)是高级表达,可积累用于议论文。
第 23 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
▍ 主干提取
The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks … to ones that require mental abstraction …(当任务从简单转向需要抽象思维时,纸质阅读的优势尤为凸显)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句为 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through。
▸ when 引导【时间状语从句】,含 move from … to … 的并列对比结构。
▸ like identifying … 与 such as drawing inferences … 为两处举例,分别补充说明 simple tasks 与 ones。
▸ that require mental abstraction 为【定语从句】,修饰 ones(= tasks)。
▍ 重点词汇短语
shine through
(优势等)显现;凸显
pose
vt. 提出(任务、问题)
identify
vt. 辨认;确认
mental abstraction
抽象思维
draw inferences
作出推断
▍ 参考翻译
当实验人员将布置的任务从简单任务——比如辨认一篇短文的主旨大意——转换到需要抽象思维的任务——比如从文本中推断信息时,印刷文本阅读的优势尤其凸显出来。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句结构复杂,破折号嵌套举例须看清主干。考点:move from A to B 对比结构、that 定语从句修饰 ones(替代词指 tasks)、shine through 与 draw inferences 等熟词短语。阅读中破折号常作插入举例,分析时应先括去再理主干。
第 24 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
▍ 主干提取
People often link their memory of what they've read to how far … or where …(人们常把对所读内容的记忆与其在书中的进度或页面位置联系起来)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句为 People often link A to B,用 link … to … 句型。
▸ what they've read 为【宾语从句】,作介词 of 的宾语。
▸ how far into the book it was 与 where it was on the page 为两个【宾语从句】,并列作介词 to 的宾语。
▸ or 连接两个 how/where 引导的并列宾语从句。
▍ 重点词汇短语
link … to …
把……与……联系起来
memory of
对……的记忆
how far into
(深入到)……多远的位置
on the page
在页面上
read
vt. 阅读(read-read-read)
▍ 参考翻译
人们常常将他们对所读内容的记忆与当时读到书的哪个进度,或是该内容在页面上的具体位置联系起来。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句考查 link A to B 句型与三个名词性从句(what / how / where)分别作不同介词的宾语。难点在辨清 to 后并列的两个宾语从句(how far … / where …)。这是“空间记忆定位”的典型表达,常作阅读细节推断的考点句。
第 25 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
▍ 主干提取
people approach digital texts with a mindset … and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print(人们以适合社交媒体的心态对待数字文本,并比读纸质书时付出更少脑力)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句为 people approach digital texts … and devote less mental effort,含并列谓语 approach … and devote …。
▸ suited to social media 为【过去分词短语作后置定语】,修饰 mindset。
▸ which are often not so serious 为【非限制性定语从句】,修饰 social media。
▸ than when they are reading print 为【比较状语从句】,than 后省略 they devote mental effort。
▍ 重点词汇短语
approach
vt. 对待;处理
mindset
n. 心态;思维方式
be suited to
适合于
devote
vt. 投入;付出(精力)
mental effort
脑力;心智努力
▍ 参考翻译
根据这一理论,人们阅读数字文本时所带有的心态是适合社交媒体的心态,使用社交媒体通常没那么严肃,相较于阅读印刷文本,也不会那么努力地进行思考。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句为典型省略 + 嵌套长句:suited to 过去分词作定语、which 非限定从句修饰 social media、than 比较从句中省略重复成分(… than (they devote mental effort) when reading print)。考试常在比较从句省略处设“句意还原”题,须补全后理解。
第 26 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
▍ 主干提取
educators shouldn't assume all media are the same.(教育者不应认为所有媒介都相同)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句 educators shouldn't assume (that) all media are the same,省略 that 的【宾语从句】作 assume 的宾语。
▸ for maximizing learning:介词短语作【目的状语】;where 引导【定语从句】修饰抽象名词 learning,表"在……的情形下"。
▸ even when they contain identical words:even when 引导【让步状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
maximize
vt. 使最大化;尽量增大
reflection
n. 反思;沉思
assume
vt. 假定;认为
identical
adj. 完全相同的
call for
需要;要求
▍ 参考翻译
然而,为了在需要专注和反思的学习中取得最大效果,教育者不应认为所有媒介都是相同的,即使它们包含相同的文字。
▍ 考点提示
★ assume 后接宾语从句时 that 常省略;本句考查"省略 that 的宾语从句 + where 定语从句 + even when 让步状语"的多重嵌套。注意 where 在此修饰抽象名词 learning,表"在……情形下",并非地点。
第 27 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?
▍ 主干提取
These observations now outnumber the primary data … I wanted to know: Are they usable?(这些观察数据已超过原始数据……我想知道它们是否可靠)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ and 连接两个分句构成【并列复合句】;前句主干 These observations outnumber the primary data。
▸ that comes from physical specimens:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 the primary data,说明其来源。
▸ since we are increasingly using…:since 引导【原因状语从句】;how species are responding to global change 为【宾语从句】作 investigate 的宾语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
outnumber
vt. 在数量上超过
primary data
原始数据;第一手数据
specimen
n. 标本;样本
investigate
vt. 调查;研究
respond to
对……作出反应
▍ 参考翻译
现在,这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据;而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:这些观察数据可靠吗?
▍ 考点提示
★ outnumber 本身含"在数量上超过"之意,后面不再加 than;since 引导原因状语从句时常译"由于、既然",需与表"自从"的时间用法区分;how 从句作 investigate 的宾语。
第 28 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
▍ 主干提取
This makes sense because the people … are often citizen scientists.(这是有道理的,因为获取数据者多为公民科学家)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 This makes sense;because 引导【原因状语从句】。
▸ who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices:who 引导【定语从句】修饰 the people。
▸ recording their encounters with species in areas nearby:现在分词短语作【后置定语】修饰 citizen scientists。
▍ 重点词汇短语
make sense
有道理;说得通
biodiversity
n. 生物多样性
citizen scientist
公民科学家
encounter
n. 相遇;遭遇
nearby
adj. 附近的
▍ 参考翻译
这是有道理的,因为通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人,往往是记录自己在附近地区接触到的物种的公民科学家。
▍ 考点提示
★ make sense 为高频短语,表"合乎情理"。本句考查 who 定语从句与现在分词作后置定语的连用:recording… 等于 who record…,分词作定语表主动关系时用 -ing 形式。
第 29 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解(七选五)
Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.
▍ 主干提取
there are plenty of online dictionaries…, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages.(虽有大量在线词典,但我更喜欢纸质书)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ but 连接两个分句构成【并列句】。
▸ old-fashioned enough to prefer…:"adj. + enough + to do"结构,表"足够……以至于……"。
▸ pages (that) I can leaf through with my fingers:省略关系代词的【定语从句】修饰 pages。
▍ 重点词汇短语
thesaurus
n. 同义词词典
old-fashioned
adj. 守旧的;老式的
hard cover
硬壳封面;精装本
leaf through
快速翻阅
prefer
vt. 更喜欢
▍ 参考翻译
当然,如今有很多在线词典和同义词词典,但我还是足够守旧,更喜欢硬壳封面以及能用手指翻阅的纸张。
▍ 考点提示
★ "adj./adv. + enough + to do"表程度结果,注意 enough 后置于形容词;pages 后省略了关系代词 that/which,是省略宾格关系词的定语从句,这是七选五与语法填空的常考点。
第 30 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 完形填空
Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
▍ 主干提取
I decided that the only reason … is if a big dog was running after me.(我认定再次跑步的唯一理由是有大狗追我)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Between … and …:介词短语作【状语】,列出促成决定的两个原因。
▸ making my achievement seem small:现在分词短语作【后置定语】修饰 the girl。
▸ that 引导【宾语从句】作 decided 的宾语,其中含省略 that 的【定语从句】修饰 the only reason,以及 if 引导的条件。
▍ 重点词汇短语
achievement
n. 成就;成绩
boredom
n. 无聊;厌倦
jog
vi. 慢跑
run after
追赶
pure
adj. 纯粹的;十足的
▍ 参考翻译
这个女孩让我的跑步成就显得微不足道,加上慢跑纯粹的枯燥,我认定自己再去跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在后面追我!
▍ 考点提示
★ "the reason … is that/if…"句型中,本句口语化地用 is if 表示"理由是(在)……的情况下";making… 为分词作定语,等于 who made。注意 between A and B 在此表两种并列原因而非位置。
第 31 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 语法填空
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
▍ 主干提取
the Silk Route Garden … walks visitors through a journey.(丝路花园引领参观者完成一段旅程)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 the Silk Route Garden walks visitors through a journey。
▸ around the greenhouse 作【后置定语】修饰 the Silk Route Garden;influenced by the ancient Silk Road 为过去分词短语作【后置定语】修饰 a journey。
▸ by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain:"介词 + which"引导【非限制性定语从句】补充说明 the ancient Silk Road。
▍ 重点词汇短语
greenhouse
n. 温室
journey
n. 旅程;历程
as well as
以及;和……一样
species
n. 物种(单复同形)
for the first time
第一次;首次
▍ 参考翻译
此外,环抱温室的丝路花园会引领参观者完成一段旅程,这段旅程展现着古丝绸之路的影响——丝绸和许多植物物种正是经由这条路首次传入英国的。
▍ 考点提示
★ 考查"介词 + which"非限定性定语从句(by which = 通过这条路)。先行词为 the ancient Silk Road,介词 by 由"经由某路"的搭配决定;as well as 连接并列主语时谓语与前者一致。
第 32 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 语法填空
The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
▍ 主干提取
The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design.("玻璃屋"堪称当代设计的伟大成果)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement;to house the plants 为不定式作【目的状语】。
▸ retracing the steps along the Silk Route:现在分词短语作【后置定语】修饰 path;that brought the plants… 为【定语从句】修饰 the steps。
▸ to come to define much of the richness…:不定式作【结果状语】,说明植物被带来的最终影响。
▍ 重点词汇短语
stand as
堪称;作为
contemporary
adj. 当代的
house
vt. 容纳;为……提供空间
habitat
n. 栖息地;产地
define
vt. 定义;界定
▍ 参考翻译
"玻璃屋"是当代设计的一项伟大成果,用以容纳来自中国西南部的植物。它坐落于一条小径的尽头,这条小径追溯着丝绸之路的足迹——正是沿着这条路,各种植物从它们在亚洲的原生地来到英国,进而塑造了今日英国园艺的丰富多彩。
▍ 考点提示
★ 注意 house 作动词意为"容纳、收纳";stand as 表"堪称、作为"。本句不定式 to house / to come to define 分别作目的与结果状语,retracing 为分词定语,是语法填空中分词与从句叠加的难点。
第 33 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
"You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story," says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.
▍ 主干提取
You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk … says Alicia Trost.(Alicia Trost 说:检票进站就会看到一个亭子)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 直接引语主句为 You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk,由 and 连接的【并列分句】。
▸ that is lit up:that 引导【定语从句】作主语,修饰 a kiosk;it tells (that) you can get… 后接省略 that 的【宾语从句】。
▸ the chief communications officer… 为 Alicia Trost 的【同位语】;known as BART 为过去分词短语作【后置定语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
fare gate
检票闸机
kiosk
n.(提供信息或服务的)亭;自助终端
lit up
点亮的(light 的过去分词)
communications officer
通讯主管;宣传主管
known as
被称为;以……著称
▍ 参考翻译
旧金山湾区快速交通系统(即 BART)的传播主管 Alicia Trost 说:"你检票进站后,就会看到一个亮着灯的小亭,它会告诉你可以获取一分钟、三分钟或五分钟时长的故事。"
▍ 考点提示
★ 同位语(the chief communications officer…)用于补充说明前面的人名,常用逗号隔开;known as 为过去分词作定语表"被称为"。注意 it tells (that) 后省略了连词 that。
第 34 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad.
▍ 主干提取
having a system in the same building … means zero emissions.(在同一栋楼内拥有系统意味着零排放)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ having a system in the same building:动名词短语作【主语】,means 为【谓语】。
▸ where it's eaten:where 引导【定语从句】修饰 building。
▸ from transporting plants from soil to salad:介词短语说明 emissions 的来源。
▍ 重点词汇短语
moreover
adv. 此外;而且
emission
n. 排放(物)
transport
vt. 运输
soil
n. 土壤
from soil to salad
从土壤到餐桌(沙拉)
▍ 参考翻译
此外,在食用它的同一栋楼里拥有这样一套(种植)系统,意味着把作物从田间运到餐桌过程中的零排放。
▍ 考点提示
★ 动名词短语作主语时谓语用单数(means)。where 在此修饰 building 引导定语从句;"from… to…"结构 from soil to salad 用押头韵的方式形象表达"从种植到食用"的全过程。
第 35 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.
▍ 主干提取
we all need to take action … and this is where … comes in.(我们都需采取行动,而这正是该书的切入点)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ and 连接两个分句构成【并列复合句】。
▸ Given the astonishing potential of AI…:Given 引导【条件/原因状语】,相当于 considering。
▸ this is where … comes in:where 引导【表语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
given
prep. 考虑到;鉴于
astonishing
adj. 惊人的
potential
n. 潜力
take action
采取行动
come in
出场;起作用;登场
▍ 参考翻译
鉴于人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力,我们都需要采取行动来应对被 AI 驱动的未来——而这正是《AI by Design:与人工智能共处的方案》一书的切入点。
▍ 考点提示
★ given 作介词/连词表"考虑到、鉴于",引导原因或条件状语;"this is where… comes in"为固定表达,意为"这就是……发挥作用/登场之处",where 引导表语从句。
第 36 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
▍ 主干提取
such a book could prove as complicated … but Campbell has … experience translating the heady into the understandable.(书可能很复杂,但 Campbell 有把难懂内容讲明白的经验)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ but 连接两个分句构成【并列复合句】。
▸ as complicated to process as the computer code:as…as…【同级比较】结构;that powers AI 为【定语从句】修饰 the computer code。
▸ translating the heady into the understandable:现在分词短语作【后置定语】修饰 experience;heady 为形容词的名词化用法。
▍ 重点词汇短语
in the wrong hands
落入不当之人手中
complicated
adj. 复杂的
power
vt. 为……提供动力;驱动
decade
n. 十年
translate A into B
把 A 转化为 B
▍ 参考翻译
若落到不善表达者手中,这样一本书可能会变得像驱动 AI 的计算机代码一样难以理解;但所幸,Campbell 拥有二十多年的专业经验,能把令人头大的内容转化为通俗易懂的表达。
▍ 考点提示
★ as + adj. + as 表同级比较,中间的 to process 为不定式作状语修饰 complicated;translate… into… 表"把……转化为……"。the heady / the understandable 为"the + 形容词"表抽象概念,是写作高分句式。
第 37 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
▍ 主干提取
She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic.(她以商人而非学者的实际视角写作)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 She writes from the practical angle… rather than as an academic(rather than 表对比取舍)。
▸ making for a guide…:现在分词短语作【伴随状语】。
▸ 两个 which 引导【定语从句】并列修饰 guide;as smart as AI 为同级比较。
▍ 重点词汇短语
practical
adj. 实际的;实用的
angle
n. 角度;观点
rather than
而不是
accessible
adj. 易理解的;易接近的
make for
有助于;造就
▍ 参考翻译
她从商人的务实视角而非学者的角度来写作,从而造就了一本通俗易懂又信息丰富的指南;读到结尾,它几乎会让你觉得自己和 AI 一样聪明。
▍ 考点提示
★ rather than 表"而不是",连接对等成分(of a business person 与 as an academic);make for 意为"有助于、造就"。两个 which 定语从句并列修饰同一先行词 guide,by the close 意为"到结尾时"。
第 38 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence.
▍ 主干提取
AI is already super-smart and will become more capable.(AI 已极为聪明,并将变得更强大)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ As we soon come to learn from AI by Design:As 引导【非限制性定语从句】,指代主句内容。
▸ 主干 AI is already super-smart and will become more capable(and 连接并列谓语)。
▸ moving from… to…:现在分词短语作【伴随状语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
come to do
逐渐……;开始……
capable
adj. 有能力的
generation
n. 一代;代
narrow AI
狭义/专用人工智能
Artificial General Intelligence
通用人工智能
▍ 参考翻译
正如我们很快会从《AI by Design》中了解到的那样,AI 已经极为聪明,并且会变得更加强大,从当前这一代"狭义 AI"迈向通用人工智能。
▍ 考点提示
★ As 引导非限制性定语从句,可放句首,意为"正如……",指代整个主句内容,是常见高考考点。moving from… to… 为分词作伴随状语,表示动作的发展方向。
第 39 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place.
▍ 主干提取
This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now.(这就是 Campbell 现在着手提升 AI 认知的原因)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ This is why…:why 引导【表语从句】。
▸ 破折号后 several decades before… 为【补充说明】。
▸ before these developments are expected to take place:before 引导【时间状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
set out to do
着手做;开始做
raise awareness of
提高对……的认识
decade
n. 十年
take place
发生
be expected to
预计会
▍ 参考翻译
这正是 Campbell 现在就着手提升人们对 AI 及其未来认识的原因——比这些进展预计发生的时间提前了几十年。
▍ 考点提示
★ "This is why + 从句"表"这就是……的原因",why 引导表语从句;对比"This is because…"(这是因为)。set out to do 表"着手、开始做某事",be expected to 表预计。
第 40 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.
▍ 主干提取
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI … so they are on the same page.(Campbell 旨在唤醒 AI 负责人,使其达成共识)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI(不定式作表语,responsible for AI 作 those 的后置定语)。
▸ 破折号间 the technology companies and world leaders 为【同位语】解释 those。
▸ so (that) they are on the same page…:so 引导【目的状语从句】;currently developing it 为现在分词作【后置定语】修饰 experts。
▍ 重点词汇短语
wake up
唤醒
responsible for
对……负责的
on the same page
看法一致;达成共识
currently
adv. 目前;当前
develop
vt. 开发;研发
▍ 参考翻译
Campbell 的用意在于唤醒那些对 AI 负责的人——科技公司和世界领袖——以便他们能与当下所有研发 AI 的专家们达成共识。
▍ 考点提示
★ "on the same page"是地道习语,意为"意见一致、达成共识";those responsible for AI 中形容词短语作后置定语修饰 those。so (that) 引导目的状语从句,currently developing it 为分词定语。
第 41 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 完形填空
Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
▍ 主干提取
the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal.(一旦与亲友聚餐,问题便被抛诸脑后)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have:whatever 引导【让步状语从句】,whatever disadvantages 作 have 的宾语。
▸ 主句 the problems are forgotten(被动语态)。
▸ once you sit down to a big meal…:once 引导【时间状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
whatever
conj. 无论什么
disadvantage
n. 缺点;不利之处
sit down to
坐下来(吃饭等)
once
conj. 一旦
meal
n. 一餐;饭菜
▍ 参考翻译
无论在意大利的生活有什么不足之处,只要你和亲朋好友坐下来享用一顿大餐,这些烦恼就会被忘得一干二净。
▍ 考点提示
★ whatever 引导让步状语从句,等于 no matter what,可作 have 的宾语(whatever disadvantages)。once 作连词引导时间状语从句表"一旦",常与一般现在时连用表将来。
第 42 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 语法填空
Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, who is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia," add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
▍ 主干提取
Chinese cultural elements … add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon.(中国文化元素为莎翁故乡增添国际色彩)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 Chinese cultural elements add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon。
▸ commemorating Tang Xianzu:现在分词短语作【后置定语】修饰主语 elements。
▸ who is known as…:who 引导【非限制性定语从句】修饰 Tang Xianzu;William Shakespeare's hometown 为【同位语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
commemorate
vt. 纪念
be known as
被称为;以……著称
character
n. 特色;特征
element
n. 元素;要素
hometown
n. 家乡
▍ 参考翻译
纪念被誉为"亚洲莎士比亚"的汤显祖的中国文化元素,为威廉·莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福(Stratford-upon-Avon)增添了一抹国际色彩。
▍ 考点提示
★ 主语 elements 后接 commemorating… 分词定语,谓语用复数 add;who 非限制性定语从句补充说明人名,be known as 表"被称为"。结尾 William Shakespeare's hometown 为地名的同位语。
第 43 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 语法填空
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
▍ 主干提取
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson.(Edmondson 说这些文化元素提升了知名度)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句 Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility(said Edmondson 为引述插入)。
▸ adding that…:现在分词短语作【伴随状语】,that 引导【宾语从句】。
▸ walking through the Birthplace Garden:现在分词作【后置定语】修饰 visitors。
▍ 重点词汇短语
visibility
n. 知名度;能见度
add
vt. 补充说;又说
walk through
走过;穿过
be amazed to do
惊奇地……
connection
n. 联系;关联
▍ 参考翻译
Edmondson 说,那些文化元素提升了斯特拉特福的国际知名度。他还补充道,走过"故居花园"的游客常常会惊喜地发现两位伟大作家之间的关联。
▍ 考点提示
★ said Edmondson 为引述插入语,主谓可倒装;adding that… 为分词作伴随状语,相当于 and added that…。walking… 为分词作定语修饰 visitors(= who walked through…)。
第 44 句
出处 2024 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 语法填空
Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed."
▍ 主干提取
Recalling…, Edmondson said: It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language…(回忆往事,Edmondson 说听到中文很激动)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Recalling watching… and meeting…:现在分词短语作【伴随状语】,含两个并列动名词宾语。
▸ who came to Stratford… to perform…:who 引导【定语从句】修饰 Chinese actors;to perform 作【目的状语】。
▸ 直接引语中 how Tang's play was being performed 为【宾语从句】作 see 的宾语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
recall
vt. 回忆;记起
version
n. 版本
opera
n. 戏剧;歌剧
perform
vt. 表演;上演
exciting
adj. 令人激动的
▍ 参考翻译
回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国戏曲版本,以及几年前会见前来斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员,Edmondson 说:"听到中文、看到汤显祖的戏剧上演,真是令人激动。"
▍ 考点提示
★ 句首 Recalling… 为分词作状语,逻辑主语须与主句主语 Edmondson 一致(避免垂悬分词);recall 后接动名词 watching/meeting 作宾语。注意 how 从句作 see 的宾语,用过去进行被动 was being performed。
第 45 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 A 篇
Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials.
▍ 主干提取
Join Javier Marin … to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art.(加入 Javier Marin,了解无脊椎动物如何舞动、启发时尚、创造艺术)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句为【祈使句】Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History。
▸ to learn how…:不定式作【目的状语】,how 引导【宾语从句】含三个并列谓语 dance, inspire, create。
▸ while making your own spineless artists…:"while + 现在分词"作【伴随状语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
invertebrate
n. 无脊椎动物
inspire
vt. 启发;激励
fashion
n. 时尚
spineless
adj. 无脊椎的;无骨气的
out of
用……(材料);出于
▍ 参考翻译
加入哈佛自然历史博物馆 Javier Marin 的行列,了解昆虫等无脊椎动物如何舞动、激发时尚灵感并创造艺术,同时用手工材料制作属于你自己的"无脊椎"艺术品。
▍ 考点提示
★ 祈使句 Join… 后接 to learn 作目的状语;while making… 为"while + 分词"结构,相当于 while you make…,主语与主句一致时可省略主语和 be 动词。out of 表"用……材料制作"。
第 46 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
▍ 主干提取
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately.(这就是为什么宠物猫能立刻察觉)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ That's why…:why 引导【表语从句】。
▸ if their owners were around any other cats:if 引导【宾语从句】作 tell 的宾语,意为"是否"。
▸ which they don't usually like:which 引导【非限制性定语从句】修饰 any other cats。
▍ 重点词汇短语
pet
n. 宠物
tell
vt. 辨别;判断
immediately
adv. 立刻;立即
around
prep. 在……周围;接触
usually
adv. 通常
▍ 参考翻译
这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能立刻察觉主人是否接触过别的猫——而它们通常并不喜欢别的猫。
▍ 考点提示
★ tell 表"辨别、判断"时常与 can/be able to 连用;if 引导宾语从句意为"是否"(= whether)。which 非限制性定语从句在此修饰 any other cats,补充说明猫的态度。
第 47 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
▍ 主干提取
The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem.(政府一直努力想办法解决该问题)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干为【简单句】The government has struggled to come up with measures。
▸ particularly… Volga River 为【插入语】;including… 介词短语作【后置定语】补充说明 measures。
▸ to address the problem / to motivate doctors…:不定式短语作【目的状语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
struggle to do
努力做;挣扎着做
come up with
想出;提出
address
vt. 解决;处理
financial aid
资金援助
practice medicine
行医
▍ 参考翻译
政府一直努力设法解决这一问题,尤其是在伏尔加河以东更为贫困的农村地区,所采取的措施包括通过视频聊天安排就诊预约,以及扩大资金援助项目,以激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。
▍ 考点提示
★ come up with 表"想出、提出(办法)",address 在此意为"解决、处理"(非"地址")。including 引导的动名词短语作后置定语,补充说明 measures 的具体内容;多个 to do 作目的状语。
第 48 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome.
▍ 主干提取
He suggested (that) I (should) think about the difference.(他建议我思考其中的区别)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ He suggested (that) I think about …:suggest"建议"后接【虚拟语气】宾语从句,谓语用 (should)+动词原形,故为 I think。
▸ the difference between A and B:两个 that 各引导【定语从句】修饰 endings。
▸ even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome:even if 引导【让步状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
suggest (that…should)
建议(后接虚拟语气)
ending
n. 结局
character
n.(作品中的)人物;角色
satisfy
vt. 满足;符合(要求)
even if
即使
▍ 参考翻译
他建议我思考这样一种区别:我希望为角色安排的结局,与真正适合角色的结局之间的区别——即满足故事需要的结局,即便它们没有传统意义上的圆满结果。
▍ 考点提示
★ suggest 表"建议"时宾语从句用 (should+) 动词原形(虚拟语气);表"暗示/表明"则用陈述语气——是高考核心考点。
第 49 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters.
▍ 主干提取
You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable…(你必须权衡创作出既意外又合理的结局)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 You have to balance creating an ending(balance doing 表"权衡做某事")。
▸ that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 ending,but 连接并列谓语。
▸ one that fits what's right…:one 为【同位语】指代 ending;that 引导【定语从句】,内含 what 引导的【宾语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
balance
vt. 权衡;使平衡
unpredictable
adj. 不可预测的
come from nowhere
凭空出现;毫无根据
fit
vt. 适合;契合
ending
n. 结局
▍ 参考翻译
你必须权衡,创作出一个既出人意料、却又不显得凭空而来的结局——一个契合角色真正所需的结局。
▍ 考点提示
★ balance doing 表"权衡做某事";that's unpredictable but doesn't… 为定语从句中由 but 连接的并列谓语。one 为同位语指代 ending,what's right for the characters 为 fits 后的宾语从句。
第 50 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
That's why this issue of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing.
▍ 主干提取
That's why this issue of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending.(这就是本期《作家文摘》旨在帮你弄清如何写好结局的原因)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ That's why…:why 引导【表语从句】。
▸ aims to help you figure out…:aim to do 表"旨在",help (you) do 结构。
▸ how to write the best ending:【不定式宾语】;for whatever kind of writing you're doing 含 whatever 引导的从句作 for 的宾语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
issue
n.(杂志的)期;问题
aim to do
旨在;目的是
figure out
弄清楚;想出
whatever
pron. 无论什么
ending
n. 结局
▍ 参考翻译
这正是本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助你弄清如何为自己所写的任何类型作品写出最佳结局的原因。
▍ 考点提示
★ issue 在此指杂志"某一期",与"问题"含义不同;aim to do 表"旨在"。figure out how to do 为"弄清楚如何做";whatever kind of writing 引导名词性结构作 for 的宾语,等于 any kind of writing that…。
第 51 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解(七选五)
It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
▍ 主干提取
It takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body …, so eat slowly and stop eating.(大脑需要几分钟来告知身体……,所以要慢慢吃并在饱前停下)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 前一分句:it 作【形式主语】,真正主语为不定式 to tell your body …。
▸ that it has had enough food:that 引导【宾语从句】,作 tell 的宾语。
▸ so eat slowly and stop eating:so 连接的后一分句为【祈使句】。
▸ before you feel full:before 引导【时间状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
take + 时间
花费(时间);需要(多久)
tell sb that …
告知某人……
have had enough food
已经吃饱了
full
adj. 饱的;满的
stop doing sth
停止做某事
▍ 参考翻译
我们的大脑需要几分钟才能让身体作出反应、告知我们已经吃饱了,所以要慢慢吃,在感觉饱之前就停止进食。
▍ 考点提示
★ it 作形式主语、不定式作真正主语是高频句式(It takes time for sb to do)。后接 that 宾语从句,再叠加 so 结果分句与 before 时间状语从句,是典型的多层结构,翻译时需理清“大脑—身体—进食”的因果链。
第 52 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解(七选五)
Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
▍ 主干提取
Studies suggest that eating … and giving … may help to regulate weight.(研究表明……进食和……休息可能有助于调节体重)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:Studies suggest that …;that 引导【宾语从句】。
▸ eating … and giving …:and 连接两个【动名词短语】作从句主语。
▸ when you're most active:when 引导【时间状语从句】(嵌在动名词内)。
▸ may help to regulate weight:从句谓语,情态动词 may 表推测。
▍ 重点词汇短语
suggest
v. 表明;建议
active
adj. 活跃的;活动量大的
digestive system
消化系统
break
n. 休息;间歇
regulate weight
调节体重
▍ 参考翻译
有研究表明,只在自己最活跃的时段进食、并让消化系统每天得到长时间休息,可能有助于调节体重。
▍ 考点提示
★ 并列动名词短语(eating … and giving …)共同作宾语从句主语,谓语用单数 may help。识别“动名词作主语”是判断句子主干的关键,避免误把 when 从句当成主句。
第 53 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 完形填空
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper.
▍ 主干提取
This training taught her to read and write … upside down—a skill that … is practical.(这种训练教会她倒着读写——一项很实用的技能)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down。
▸ 破折号后 a skill …:作前文内容的【同位语】,补充说明所学技能。
▸ that has turned out to be quite practical:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 skill。
▸ whenever we share the newspaper:whenever 引导【时间状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
upside down
倒着;颠倒地
turn out to be
结果是;证明是
practical
adj. 实用的;实际的
whenever
conj. 每当;无论何时
share
v. 共用;分享
▍ 参考翻译
这种训练教会她倒着认字和写字——这项技能后来证明相当实用,尤其是我们共读一张报纸的时候。
▍ 考点提示
★ 破折号引出名词性同位语(a skill)对前句整体进行概括,是改写与衔接的常见手法。其后 that 定语从句 + whenever 时间状语从句叠加修饰,注意 turn out to be 表“结果证明”的语义。
第 54 句
出处 2024 · 全国甲卷 · 语法填空
Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
▍ 主干提取
Yellowstone was the largest national park … until Wrangell-Saint Elias … took the honors.(黄石曾是最大的国家公园,直到兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯取而代之)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:Yellowstone was the largest United States national park。
▸ 破折号 2.2 million acres:【插入语】补充面积数据。
▸ until … took the honors …:until 引导【时间状语从句】。
▸ which became a national monument in 1978:which 引导【非限制性定语从句】修饰 Wrangell-Saint Elias。
▍ 重点词汇短语
national park
国家公园
acre
n. 英亩
national monument
国家纪念地(保护区)
take the honors
获此殊荣;夺得头衔
until
conj. 直到……为止
▍ 参考翻译
黄石公园曾是美国最大的国家公园——面积达 220 万英亩——直到阿拉斯加南部的兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯(1978 年成为国家纪念地)于 1980 年以 1230 万英亩面积成为国家公园,取代了它的地位。
▍ 考点提示
★ until 时间状语从句的主语后又插入 which 非限制性定语从句,造成主谓被长插入语隔开。阅读时先抓 until 从句主干“X took the honors”,再回填 which 补充信息,避免被破折号数据干扰。
第 55 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house.
▍ 主干提取
As it has been many years …, I should hardly be surprised that ….(由于已多年未用,我几乎不该惊讶……)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ As it has been many years …:As 引导【原因状语从句】。
▸ since I last used one:since 引导【时间状语从句】(嵌在原因从句内,配合 It has been … since 句型)。
▸ 主句:I should hardly be surprised that …。
▸ that there are no longer any public telephones …:that 引导【宾语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
as
conj. 由于;因为
It has been … since
自从……已过……(时间)
hardly
adv. 几乎不
no longer
不再
public telephone
公用电话
▍ 参考翻译
由于我已多年没有使用过公用电话,所以我几乎不会对家附近不再有公用电话感到惊讶。
▍ 考点提示
★ It has been + 时间 + since 从句,是表“自从……已过多久”的固定句型,since 从句谓语用一般过去时(used)。整句 As 原因从句 + 主句 + that 宾语从句嵌套,注意 hardly 的否定意味。
第 56 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
We're not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
▍ 主干提取
We're not tempted by sugary treats, but by our … devices …(诱惑我们的不是甜食,而是各种电子设备)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:We're not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets(not … but … 并列结构)。
▸ 破折号后 all the devices …:作【同位语】补充说明前文设备。
▸ that connect us to the global delivery system …:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 devices。
▸ that do to us …:嵌套【定语从句】修饰 information;what marshmallows do to preschoolers 为 what 引导的【宾语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
be tempted by
被……诱惑
sugary treats
甜食
device
n. 设备;装置
delivery system
传递系统
marshmallow
n. 棉花糖
▍ 参考翻译
诱惑我们的不是甜食,而是电脑、手机和平板——这些设备把我们连入全球信息传递系统,而这些信息对我们的影响,正如棉花糖对学龄前儿童的影响一样。
▍ 考点提示
★ not … but … 否定并列结构 + 破折号同位语 + 两层 that 定语从句嵌套 + what 宾语从句,是典型超长难句。先抓 not … but … 主干,再逐层下挂修饰;what marshmallows do to preschoolers 是著名“棉花糖实验”的暗喻,翻译需保留类比。
第 57 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
▍ 主干提取
We are tempted … because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a … mechanism …(我们被甜食诱惑,因祖先生活在热量匮乏的世界,大脑由此演化出反应机制)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:We are tempted by sugary treats。
▸ because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world:because 引导【原因状语从句】。
▸ and our brains developed a response mechanism …:and 连接的【并列分句】。
▸ that reflected their value:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 response mechanism;破折号后为【同位语】补充说明 value。
▍ 重点词汇短语
ancestor
n. 祖先
calorie-poor
adj. 热量匮乏的
develop
v. 形成;发展出
response mechanism
反应机制
reward
n. 奖励;回报
▍ 参考翻译
我们之所以被甜食诱惑,是因为祖先曾生活在热量匮乏的世界,于是大脑对这些食物演化出一套能反映其价值的反应机制——一种奖励与满足感。
▍ 考点提示
★ 句子由 because 原因从句和 and 并列分句构成因果与递进。that 定语从句修饰 mechanism,破折号同位语再对 value 做形象化解释。翻译时把“匮乏环境→演化机制”的进化逻辑讲清楚。
第 58 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
▍ 主干提取
… we still have the same brains …, and this mismatch is at the heart of why ….(我们仍有古老的大脑,这种不匹配正是……的核心原因)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ as we've reshaped the world around us:as 引导【让步/时间状语从句】。
▸ dramatically reducing …:【现在分词短语】作结果状语。
▸ we still have the same brains (that) we had thousands of years ago:省略关系词的【定语从句】修饰 brains。
▸ and this mismatch is at the heart of why …:why 引导【宾语从句】,其中 that we know we shouldn't eat 为【定语从句】修饰 foods。
▍ 重点词汇短语
reshape
v. 重塑;改造
dramatically
adv. 大幅地;显著地
mismatch
n. 不匹配;失调
at the heart of
处于……的核心
resist
v. 抵制;抗拒
▍ 参考翻译
然而,尽管我们已重塑了周围的世界,大幅降低了获取热量所需的成本与努力,但我们的大脑依旧和数千年前一样,而这种失调正是我们许多人难以抗拒明知不该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
▍ 考点提示
★ as 状语从句 + 分词结果状语 + 省略关系词的定语从句 + why 宾语从句内再套 that 定语从句,层层叠加。抓住 and 前后两个主干(we still have …;this mismatch is …)即可破解,mismatch 指环境进化与大脑滞后的“错配”。
第 59 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.
▍ 主干提取
Our formative environment … was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism …(我们的早期环境信息匮乏,故大脑演化出一种机制)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:Our formative environment as a species was information-poor。
▸ as a species:【介词短语】作后置定语/插入,限定 environment。
▸ so our brains developed a mechanism …:so 引导【结果状语从句】。
▸ that prized new information:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 mechanism。
▍ 重点词汇短语
formative
adj. 形成期的;起塑造作用的
species
n. 物种
information-poor
adj. 信息匮乏的
mechanism
n. 机制
prize
v. 珍视;高度重视
▍ 参考翻译
作为一个物种,我们进化初期所处的环境信息匮乏,因此大脑演化出一套高度重视新信息的机制。
▍ 考点提示
★ 句式与前文“热量匮乏”句平行(…was X-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that …),形成对照论证。注意 prize 作动词意为“珍视”,而非名词“奖品”,是高频熟词生义考点。
第 60 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively.
▍ 主干提取
… we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption …(我们也需更审慎地对待信息摄入)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption:just as 引导【方式状语从句】。
▸ 主句:we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption。
▸ resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food":【现在分词短语】作伴随状语。
▸ in order to manage our time most effectively:in order to 引导【目的状语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
thoughtful
adj. 审慎的;考虑周到的
caloric consumption
热量摄入
information consumption
信息摄入
temptation
n. 诱惑
in order to
为了
▍ 参考翻译
因此,正如我们需要更审慎地对待热量摄入,我们也需更审慎地对待信息摄入,抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑,以便最有效地管理时间。
▍ 考点提示
★ just as … 引导方式状语从句,与主句 we also … 构成类比论证(热量摄入 vs 信息摄入),是议论文常见框架。分词状语 resisting … 与目的状语 in order to … 衔接结论,写作中可仿用此“类比 + 目的”结构提升说理层次。
第 61 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 完形填空
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job building highways in order to help support his family.
▍ 主干提取
… he would tell me about how he had attended a … school …(他向我讲述自己如何读职校以养家)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:Over several hours he would tell me about how …。
▸ how he had attended a two-year professional school:how 引导【宾语从句】作介词 about 的宾语(过去完成时)。
▸ to quickly find a job building highways:【不定式】作目的状语;building highways 为分词作后置定语修饰 job。
▸ in order to help support his family:in order to 引导【目的状语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
would
aux. (过去)总是;惯常
attend
v. 上(学);出席
professional school
职业学校
build highways
修建公路
support one's family
养家
▍ 参考翻译
他会花上数小时向我讲述自己如何通过就读一所两年制职业学校,迅速找到一份修建公路的工作,以贴补家用。
▍ 考点提示
★ how 宾语从句作介词 about 的宾语,从句内用过去完成时 had attended 表“过去的过去”。两个目的成分(to quickly find … / in order to help support …)层层推进,体现“读职校—找工作—养家”的目的链。
第 62 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 语法填空
Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home or you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
▍ 主干提取
Either your shopping is too heavy … or you can't use what you've bought …(要么买的东西太重,要么趁新鲜用不完)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Either … or …:连接两个【并列分句】。
▸ too heavy to carry home:too … to … 结构,表“太……以致不能……”。
▸ what you've bought:what 引导【宾语从句】作 use 的宾语。
▸ while it's still fresh:while 引导【时间状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
either … or …
要么……要么……
too … to …
太……以至于不能……
carry home
搬回家
fresh
adj. 新鲜的
what (从句)
所……的东西
▍ 参考翻译
要么你买的东西太重而无法搬回家,要么你无法趁东西还新鲜时把它们用掉。
▍ 考点提示
★ Either … or … 连接两个完整分句,注意就近一致;too … to … 含否定意味“太……以致不能”。what 引导宾语从句、while 引导时间状语从句,是语法填空中考查连接词与代词的高频点。
第 63 句
出处 2024 年 1 月 · 浙江卷 · 读后续写
She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist.
▍ 主干提取
She decided that she would memorize … and then pretend that ….(她决定记住教室位置,然后假装其余地方不存在)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:She decided that …。
▸ that she would memorize … and then pretend that …:that 引导【宾语从句】,内含 and 连接的并列谓语 memorize 与 pretend。
▸ where her classes were:where 引导【宾语从句】作 memorize 的宾语。
▸ that the rest of the place didn't exist:that 引导【宾语从句】作 pretend 的宾语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
decide
v. 决定
memorize
v. 记住;熟记
pretend
v. 假装
the rest of
其余的……
exist
v. 存在
▍ 参考翻译
她决定记住自己各节课教室的位置,然后假装学校其余的地方根本不存在。
▍ 考点提示
★ 一句之内连用三个名词性从句:decided 后接 that 宾语从句,从句内并列谓语 memorize / pretend 又各带 where、that 宾语从句。读后续写中可借此句式刻画人物的心理决定与应对策略。
第 64 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
▍ 主干提取
… he loved to explore the woods …, observing how nature solved problems.(他喜欢探索树林,观察自然如何解决问题)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ When John Todd was a child:When 引导【时间状语从句】。
▸ 主句:he loved to explore the woods around his house。
▸ observing how nature solved problems:【现在分词短语】作伴随状语。
▸ how nature solved problems:how 引导【宾语从句】作 observing 的宾语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
explore
v. 探索
woods
n. 树林
observe
v. 观察
nature
n. 大自然
solve problems
解决问题
▍ 参考翻译
当约翰·托德还是个孩子时,他喜欢探索家附近的树林,观察大自然如何解决问题。
▍ 考点提示
★ When 时间状语从句交代背景,主句后接现在分词 observing 作伴随状语,分词宾语又是 how 引导的宾语从句。注意分词的逻辑主语与主句主语 he 一致,这是分词状语使用的核心规则。
第 65 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
▍ 主干提取
… John started to wonder if this process could be used …(约翰开始思考这一过程能否被利用)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ When he got older:When 引导【时间状语从句】。
▸ 主句:John started to wonder if …。
▸ if this process could be used to clean up the messes:if 引导【宾语从句】作 wonder 的宾语。
▸ (that) people were making:省略关系词的【定语从句】修饰 messes。
▍ 重点词汇短语
wonder
v. 想知道;琢磨
process
n. 过程
be used to do
被用来做
clean up
清理
mess
n. 脏乱;混乱
▍ 参考翻译
当他长大后,约翰开始思考:这一过程能否被用来清理人们制造的脏乱。
▍ 考点提示
★ wonder 后接 if 引导的宾语从句(相当于 whether),切勿误判为条件状语从句。messes 后是省略关系词 that/which 的定语从句 people were making,省略关系词是阅读理解的常见难点。
第 66 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
▍ 主干提取
The goal of this book is to make the case … and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy.(本书目的在于论证数字极简,并教你如何运用它)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:The goal of this book is to make the case … and then to teach you …(两个不定式作【表语】,由 and 并列)。
▸ including a detailed exploration of …:【分词短语】作后置定语修饰 the case。
▸ what it asks and why it works:and 连接两个【宾语从句】作介词 of 的宾语。
▸ if you decide it's right for you:if 引导【条件状语从句】,内含省略 that 的【宾语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
make the case for
为……提出论据;论证
digital minimalism
数字极简主义
exploration
n. 探讨;探索
adopt
v. 采用;采纳
philosophy
n. 理念;哲学
▍ 参考翻译
本书的目的在于为数字极简主义阐明理由——包括详细探讨它的要求及其有效原因——然后在你认定它适合自己的前提下,教你如何践行这一理念。
▍ 考点提示
★ 系表结构中两个不定式 to make … and to teach … 由 and 并列作表语,是判断主干的关键。including 分词短语带两个 what/why 宾语从句作 of 的宾语,最后 if 条件从句再套宾语从句,层次丰富。
第 67 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
▍ 主干提取
I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism …(我阐述了数字极简主义的哲学基础)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism。
▸ starting with an examination of the forces …:【现在分词短语】作方式状语。
▸ that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 the forces。
▸ before moving on to a detailed discussion …:before + 动名词,【时间状语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
philosophical foundation
哲学基础
examination
n. 审视;考察
force
n. 力量;因素
increasingly
adv. 越来越;日益
intolerable
adj. 无法忍受的
▍ 参考翻译
在第一部分中,我阐述了数字极简主义的哲学基础:先是审视那些使许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的种种力量,随后再转入对数字极简主义理念的详细讨论。
▍ 考点提示
★ 主句后接 starting with … 与 before moving on to … 两个分词/介词短语状语,按“先……后……”的论述顺序展开。that 定语从句修饰 forces,make + 宾语 + 宾补(intolerable)结构需准确识别。
第 68 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
▍ 主干提取
… you will add back a small number of … online activities …(你将恢复少量精心挑选的网络活动)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities。
▸ that you believe will provide massive benefits …:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 activities;you believe 为【插入语】。
▸ (that) you value:省略关系词的【定语从句】修饰 the things。
▸ At the end of the thirty days:【介词短语】作时间状语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
add back
重新加入;恢复
carefully chosen
精心挑选的
massive
adj. 巨大的
benefit
n. 益处
value
v. 珍视;重视
▍ 参考翻译
在这三十天结束后,你将重新加入少量精心挑选的网络活动,你认为这些活动会为你所珍视的事物带来巨大的益处。
▍ 考点提示
★ that you believe will provide … 中 you believe 是插入语,去掉后定语从句结构为 that will provide …,这是“主谓插入”的典型考点。结尾 things you value 又是省略关系词的定语从句,需逐层还原。
第 69 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
▍ 主干提取
You'll hear … stories and learn what strategies worked … and what traps they encountered ….(你将听到他们的故事,了解哪些策略有效、遇到哪些应避免的陷阱)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:You'll hear these participants' stories and learn …(and 连接并列谓语 hear / learn)。
▸ what strategies worked well for them:what 引导【宾语从句】作 learn 的宾语。
▸ what traps they encountered:第二个 what 引导【宾语从句】作 learn 的宾语。
▸ that you should avoid:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 traps。
▍ 重点词汇短语
participant
n. 参与者
strategy
n. 策略
work well
奏效;起作用
trap
n. 陷阱
encounter
v. 遇到;遭遇
▍ 参考翻译
你将听到这些参与者的故事,了解哪些策略对他们行之有效,以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。
▍ 考点提示
★ learn 后并列两个 what 宾语从句(what strategies … / what traps …),最后 that you should avoid 是定语从句修饰 traps。注意区分 what 引导名词性从句与 that 引导定语从句的不同功能。
第 70 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
▍ 主干提取
The key finding was that the averages were more accurate than those.(关键发现是……平均值比……更准确)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:The key finding of the study was that …;that 引导【表语从句】。
▸ when crowds were further divided …:when 引导【时间状语从句】(嵌在表语从句内)。
▸ that were allowed to have a discussion:that 引导【定语从句】修饰 smaller groups。
▸ than those …:比较结构;those 替代 the averages(避免重复)。
▍ 重点词汇短语
finding
n. 发现;研究结果
crowd
n. 人群;群体
divide…into…
把……分成……
accurate
adj. 准确的
those(替代词)
指代前文复数名词
▍ 参考翻译
这项研究的关键发现是:当人群被进一步分成允许内部讨论的小组时,这些小组得出的平均值,比同等数量、各自独立估算的个体所得的平均值更准确。
▍ 考点提示
★ 多层嵌套(表语从句→时间状语从句→定语从句)是典型长难句。those=the averages,高频替代词,翻译需还原所指。
第 71 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 阅读理解(七选五)
It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.
▍ 主干提取
It might be the time when you helped …, when you did …, or when you baked ….(那可能是你帮朋友、主动熨衣、或为家人烤饼干的时刻)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:It might be the time。
▸ when you helped a friend …, when you did the ironing …, or when you baked cookies …:三个 when 引导的【定语从句】并列修饰 time。
▸ without being asked:【介词 + 动名词被动】作状语。
▸ after the family had had a tiring day:after 引导【时间状语从句】(过去完成时)。
▍ 重点词汇短语
help sb with sth
帮某人做某事
do the ironing
熨烫衣物
without being asked
未经吩咐;主动地
bake
v. 烘焙;烤
tiring
adj. 令人疲惫的
▍ 参考翻译
那或许是你帮朋友温习功课的时刻,或许是你主动熨烫衣物的时刻,又或许是家人度过疲惫一天后你为他们烘焙饼干的时刻。
▍ 考点提示
★ 三个 when 定语从句以逗号和 or 并列修饰先行词 time,排比铺陈。after 从句用过去完成时 had had 表先后。七选五中此类排比句常作上下文衔接的线索,注意时态呼应。
第 72 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 语法填空
To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
▍ 主干提取
… you have to decide whether to bite … or to put …(你得决定是先咬个小口,还是把整个汤包放进嘴里)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ To eat one:【不定式】作目的状语。
▸ 主句:you have to decide whether to … or to …(whether … or … 连接两个不定式作宾语)。
▸ releasing the stream and risking a spill:【现在分词短语】作伴随状语。
▸ letting the hot soup explode on your tongue:【现在分词短语】作伴随状语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
bite a hole
咬一个口
release
v. 释放;放出
risk
v. 冒……的风险
dumpling
n. 饺子;(此处)小笼包
explode
v. 爆开;迸出
▍ 参考翻译
吃的时候,你得先决定:是先咬一个小口,放出汤汁、冒着溢出的风险,还是把整个小笼包直接放进嘴里,让滚烫的汤汁在舌头上迸开。
▍ 考点提示
★ whether to do … or to do … 连接两个并列不定式作 decide 的宾语;releasing/risking 与 letting 均为现在分词作伴随状语,逻辑主语为句子主语 you。语法填空中常考“分词作状语”与“不定式并列”。
第 73 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 语法填空
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time.
▍ 主干提取
… one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more.(一屉不够,两屉又太贪,于是总想下次多吃)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ No matter where I buy them:No matter where 引导【让步状语从句】。
▸ one steamer basket is rarely enough:第一【并列分句】。
▸ yet two seems greedy:yet 连接的【转折并列分句】。
▸ and so I am always left wanting more next time:and so 连接的【结果并列分句】;left wanting 为分词作宾补/状语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
no matter where
无论在哪里
steamer basket
蒸笼
rarely
adv. 很少;几乎不
greedy
adj. 贪心的
be left doing
(被)留在……状态
▍ 参考翻译
不过,无论我在哪里买,一屉往往不太够,两屉又显得太贪,于是我总是意犹未尽,盼着下次多吃一些。
▍ 考点提示
★ No matter where = wherever,引导让步状语从句。主句由 yet(转折)和 and so(结果)连接三个分句,需理清“不够—太多—意犹未尽”的逻辑递进。be left doing 表“被留在某种状态”,是难点表达。
第 74 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 I 卷 · 读后续写
Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts.
▍ 主干提取
Writing was so difficult … that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper … by acting out a play.(写作太难,老师便允许我用表演的方式展示论文)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:Writing was so difficult and painful for me。
▸ that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper …:so … that … 引导【结果状语从句】。
▸ by acting out a play:【介词 + 动名词】作方式状语。
▸ where I played all the parts:where 引导【非限制性定语从句】修饰 play。
▍ 重点词汇短语
so … that …
如此……以至于……
present
v. 展示;呈现
the sinking of the Titanic
泰坦尼克号的沉没
act out
把……表演出来
play all the parts
扮演所有角色
▍ 参考翻译
写作于我而言既困难又痛苦,因此老师允许我以演一出戏的方式来展示我关于泰坦尼克号沉没的论文,剧中所有角色都由我一人扮演。
▍ 考点提示
★ so + adj. + that 结果状语从句是核心句型,从句用过去完成时 had allowed。结尾 where 非限制性定语从句修饰 play(抽象地点)。读后续写中可借“so … that …”句式强化情绪与因果,使叙事更有张力。
第 75 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.
▍ 主干提取
The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art …(读者的形象贯穿整个历史,出现在……的艺术中)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句:The image of the reader appears throughout history。
▸ in art …:【介词短语】作地点/范围状语。
▸ made long before books … came into being:【过去分词短语】作后置定语修饰 art。
▸ as we now know them:as 引导【方式/限定从句】,作插入语限定 books。
▍ 重点词汇短语
image
n. 形象;图像
throughout history
贯穿整个历史
come into being
出现;形成
as we now know them
如我们如今所认识的那样
art
n. 艺术(作品)
▍ 参考翻译
读者的形象贯穿整个历史,早在我们如今所熟知的书籍出现之前,艺术作品中就已对其加以表现。
▍ 考点提示
★ made long before … 是过去分词作后置定语修饰 art,相当于 which was made …。as we now know them 为插入限定语,意为“如我们今天所认识的(书籍)”。come into being 是“出现、形成”的高频短语,需整体记忆。
第 76 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
▍ 主干提取
artists have used them as the raw material for artworks.(艺术家把书籍用作艺术品的原材料)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 artists have used them as the raw material for artworks:【主谓宾】结构,them 指代书籍。
▸ as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway:as 引导【原因状语从句】,交代背景原因。
▸ transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures:【现在分词短语作伴随状语】,补充主句动作。
▸ transform...into...:【固定搭配】,意为“把……转变为……”。
▍ 重点词汇短语
throwaway
adj. 用后即弃的
raw material
原材料
transform...into...
把……转变为……
volume
n. 卷;册
sculpture
n. 雕塑;雕刻
▍ 参考翻译
后来,随着书籍变得便宜甚至可以用后即弃,艺术家们便以它们为原材料来制作艺术品——把封皮、页面甚至整本书转变为画作和雕塑。
▍ 考点提示
★ as 在此引导原因状语从句,区别于“当……时”的时间用法,需结合语境判断。破折号后的 v.-ing 短语作伴随状语,是高考长难句常见的“主句+分词补充”结构,分词逻辑主语即主句主语 artists。
第 77 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, "off-line" activity.
▍ 主干提取
a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, "off-line" activity.(纸质书仍提供完全私密、“离线”活动的机会)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 a printed book still offers the chance:【主谓宾】结构。
▸ in contrast to our increasingly networked lives:【介词短语作状语】,表对比。
▸ where the information...is monitored and tracked:where 引导【定语从句】,修饰 lives。
▸ the information we consume:we consume 为省略关系词的【定语从句】,修饰 information。
▍ 重点词汇短语
in contrast to
与……形成对比
networked
adj. 网络化的
consume
vt. 消费;摄取
monitor
vt. 监控;监测
wholly
adv. 完全地
▍ 参考翻译
与我们日益网络化、所摄取信息被监控和追踪的生活相比,纸质书仍能提供一种完全私密的“离线”活动机会。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句出现“定从套定从”:where 从句修饰 lives,其中又嵌套省略关系词的定从 we consume 修饰 information。注意 in contrast to 引导对比状语,是议论文表对比的高频信号词。
第 78 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
▍ 主干提取
it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(在城市里找到相对原始的地方并不寻常)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ but 连接两个分句,构成【并列复合句】。
▸ If you're lucky:If 引导【条件状语从句】。
▸ near where you live:where 引导【宾语从句】,作介词 near 的宾语。
▸ it's unusual to find places...:it 为【形式主语】,真正主语是不定式 to find places。
▸ that are relatively wild:that 引导【定语从句】,修饰 places。
▍ 重点词汇短语
pocket park
袖珍公园;口袋公园
unusual
adj. 不寻常的;少见的
relatively
adv. 相对地
wild
adj. 原始的;野生的
lucky
adj. 幸运的
▍ 参考翻译
如果你幸运的话,住所附近可能有一座口袋公园,但在城市里要找到相对原始的地方并不容易。
▍ 考点提示
★ it 作形式主语、不定式作真正主语是高考写作和阅读的核心句型(it's + adj. + to do)。near where you live 中 where 引导宾语从句而非地点状语,易被误判,需看其在介词后作宾语这一位置。
第 79 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
▍ 主干提取
They surveyed several hundred park-goers.(他们调查了数百名游园者)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 They surveyed several hundred park-goers:【主谓宾】结构。
▸ asking them to submit...:【现在分词短语作伴随状语】。
▸ ask sb. to do sth.:【固定搭配】,要求某人做某事。
▸ they had with nature in the park:省略关系词的【定语从句】,修饰 interaction。
▍ 重点词汇短语
survey
vt. 调查
park-goer
n. 游园者
submit
vt. 提交
summary
n. 总结;摘要
interaction
n. 互动;相互影响
▍ 参考翻译
他们调查了数百名游园者,要求他们在线提交一份书面总结,描述自己在公园里与大自然发生的有意义的互动。
▍ 考点提示
★ 现在分词短语作伴随状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语 They 一致。定语从句 they had with nature 省略了关系代词(作 had 的宾语),是高考语法填空和阅读高频考点,可由先行词 interaction 回译验证。
第 80 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
▍ 主干提取
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language.(给每种自然体验命名,创造出一种实用的语言)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Naming each nature experience:【动名词短语作主语】,谓语用单数 creates。
▸ which helps people recognize and take part in the activities:which 引导【非限定性定语从句】,修饰 a usable language。
▸ that are most satisfying and meaningful to them:that 引导【定语从句】,修饰 the activities。
▸ recognize and take part in:由 and 连接的【并列谓语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
name
vt. 命名;给……起名
usable
adj. 可用的;实用的
recognize
vt. 识别;认出
take part in
参与;参加
meaningful
adj. 有意义的
▍ 参考翻译
给各项自然体验命名,创造出了一种实用的语言,它能帮助人们识别并参与那些最令他们满足、对他们最有意义的活动。
▍ 考点提示
★ 动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数 creates。“定从套定从”,抓准各自先行词(which 指 language,that 指 activities)是关键。
第 81 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 完形填空
George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was hard for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out.
▍ 主干提取
I could tell this was hard for him.(我看得出这对他来说很难)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ but 连接两个分句,构成【并列复合句】。
▸ the husband:George 的【同位语】。
▸ having to leave his dog...and trust...:【现在分词短语作原因状语】。
▸ that everything would work out:that 引导【宾语从句】,作 trust 的宾语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
calm
adj. 镇静的;冷静的
tell
vt. 看出;判断
stranger
n. 陌生人
trust
vt. 相信;信任
work out
顺利解决;进展顺利
▍ 参考翻译
丈夫乔治努力让自己镇定,但我看得出这对他来说很难,因为他不得不把爱犬托付给一个陌生人,还得相信一切都会顺利。
▍ 考点提示
★ tell 在此意为“看出、判断”,后接省略 that 的宾语从句。having to do 现在分词短语作原因状语,解释 hard for him 的缘由;work out 为短语动词,表“(问题)得到解决”,是完形高频词义。
第 82 句
出处 2023 · 新课标全国 II 卷 · 语法填空
They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
▍ 主干提取
They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers.(他们与大量国际游客和来访的中国饲养员交流)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 They talk to...tourists and to...zookeepers:【主谓+并列介词宾语】结构。
▸ who often come to check on the pandas:who 引导【定语从句】,修饰 zookeepers。
▸ which are on loan from China:which 引导【非限定性定语从句】,修饰 pandas。
▸ check on / on loan:【固定搭配】,分别意为“查看”和“借出的”。
▍ 重点词汇短语
a flood of
大量的
zookeeper
n. 动物园饲养员
check on
查看;核查
on loan
借出的;租借的
visiting
adj. 来访的
▍ 参考翻译
他们与大量国际游客交流,也与经常来查看熊猫情况的来访中国饲养员交流,这些熊猫是从中国租借来的。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句含两个定语从句:who 修饰 zookeepers,which(非限定性)修饰 pandas。注意 talk to...and to... 的并列结构;on loan 为固定短语表“租借的”,是语法填空介词搭配的常考点。
第 83 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.
▍ 主干提取
new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the summer days.(新研究显示半数以上的人打算充分利用夏日)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects:【with 复合结构】作伴随状语。
▸ 主干 new research shows that...:【主谓宾】结构。
▸ that more than half of people are planning...:that 引导【宾语从句】,作 shows 的宾语。
▸ to get jobs done:【不定式作目的状语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
take on
承担;从事
DIY
abbr. 自己动手做(do it yourself)
make the most of
充分利用
plan to do
计划做某事
get...done
完成;把……做完
▍ 参考翻译
随着数百万人可能在接下来几周内开始 DIY 项目,新研究显示,超过半数的人打算充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成这些活儿。
▍ 考点提示
★ “With + 宾语 + 宾补”复合结构作状语,此处宾补为形容词短语 likely to take on...,表伴随背景。make the most of 为固定短语“充分利用”;get jobs done 是 get + 宾语 + 过去分词,表“使……被完成”。
第 84 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context of one thing they can help us do better.
▍ 主干提取
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene and then frames each philosopher's work.(Weiner 以一个场景开始每章,然后搭建每位哲学家思想的框架)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ starts...and then frames...:and 连接的【并列谓语】。
▸ with a scene on a train ride between cities:【介词短语作方式状语】。
▸ in the context of one thing:【介词短语】,意为“在……背景下”。
▸ they can help us do better:省略关系词的【定语从句】,修饰 one thing。
▍ 重点词汇短语
chapter
n. 章节
scene
n. 场景
frame
vt. 构建;安置(于框架中)
philosopher
n. 哲学家
in the context of
在……背景下
▍ 参考翻译
Weiner 以城市间火车旅行的场景开启每一章,然后把每位哲学家的思想置于他们能帮我们做得更好的某件事的背景之中。
▍ 考点提示
★ starts 与 frames 为 and 连接的并列谓语,主语同为 Weiner。one thing they can help us do better 中省略了关系代词(作 do 的宾语),属省略型定语从句,可由先行词 thing 回填验证。
第 85 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding their messages and adding his own interpretation.
▍ 主干提取
Weiner enters into conversation...and he becomes part of that crowd.(Weiner 与哲学家对话,并成为这群人中的一员)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ and 连接两个分句,构成【并列复合句】。
▸ enter into conversation with...:【固定搭配】,意为“与……展开对话”。
▸ by decoding their messages and adding his own interpretation:【by + 动名词】作方式状语。
▸ decoding...and adding...:and 连接的【并列动名词】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
enter into
展开;着手进行
conversation
n. 对话;交谈
crowd
n. 一群人
decode
vt. 解读;破译
interpretation
n. 阐释;解读
▍ 参考翻译
Weiner 与历史上一些最重要的哲学家展开对话,并在此过程中通过解读他们的思想、加入自己的阐释,成为这群思想巨擘中的一员。
▍ 考点提示
★ “by + 动名词”是表方式的高频结构,本句两个动名词 decoding 与 adding 由 and 并列,共同说明“如何成为其中一员”。enter into conversation with 为固定搭配,注意 into 不可省。
第 86 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.
▍ 主干提取
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book.(《苏格拉底特快》是一本有趣而犀利的书)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 The Socrates Express is a...book:【主系表】结构。
▸ fun, sharp:两个并列【前置定语】。
▸ that draws readers in...and gradually pulls them...:that 引导【定语从句】,修饰 book,含 draws、pulls 两个并列谓语。
▸ on desire, loneliness, and aging:【介词短语】,修饰 thoughts。
▍ 重点词汇短语
sharp
adj. 犀利的;敏锐的
draw...in
吸引;把……拉入
apparent
adj. 表面的;明显的
simplicity
n. 简单;朴素
aging
n. 变老;衰老
▍ 参考翻译
《苏格拉底特快》是一本有趣而犀利的书,它凭借看似简单的内容吸引读者,并逐步引领他们深入思考欲望、孤独与衰老。
▍ 考点提示
★ 定语从句中 draws 与 pulls 是 and 连接的并列谓语,主语都是关系代词 that(指 book)。apparent 此处意为“表面的”而非“明显的”,结合 simplicity 理解为“看似简单”,是阅读词义辨析常考点。
第 87 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams.
▍ 主干提取
Grizzly bears occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche.(灰熊占据着美国人心理中一个矛盾的角落)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 Grizzly bears occupy a conflicted corner:【主谓宾】结构。
▸ which may grow to...and weigh over...:which 引导【非限定性定语从句】,修饰 Grizzly bears。
▸ 破折号后 we revere them...:对前句的【补充说明】。
▸ even as they give us frightening dreams:even as 引导【让步状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
grizzly bear
灰熊
occupy
vt. 占据
conflicted
adj. 矛盾的;纠结的
psyche
n. 心理;心灵
revere
vt. 敬畏;尊崇
▍ 参考翻译
灰熊可能长到约 2.5 米、体重超过 400 公斤,它们占据着美国人心理中一个矛盾的角落——即便它们给我们带来可怕的梦境,我们仍敬畏它们。
▍ 考点提示
★ 插入的 which 非限定性定语从句含 grow 和 weigh 两个并列谓语,被逗号隔开,须先抓住主干 Grizzly bears occupy...。even as 引导让步状语从句,意为“即便、尽管”,语气强于普通 as。
第 88 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
▍ 主干提取
Ask the tourists...what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same.(问游客最想看什么,答案往往一致)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”结构,相当于条件关系。
▸ Ask the tourists...what they most hope to see:ask sb. sth. 双宾结构。
▸ that flood into Yellowstone National Park:that 引导【定语从句】,修饰 tourists。
▸ what they most hope to see:what 引导【宾语从句】,作 ask 的直接宾语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
flood into
涌入
tourist
n. 游客
hope to do
希望做某事
the same
相同的
grizzly bear
灰熊
▍ 参考翻译
如果问那些从世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客最想看到什么,他们的回答往往一致:灰熊。
▍ 考点提示
★ “祈使句 + and + 句子”表条件,相当于 If you ask...,是高考高频句型。ask 后接双宾语:直接宾语为 what 宾语从句;定语从句 that flood into... 修饰 tourists,需准确判断 that 的先行词。
第 89 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
▍ 主干提取
they're increasingly being sighted by humans.(它们越来越多地被人类发现)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 they're increasingly being sighted by humans:【现在进行时的被动语态】。
▸ As grizzly bears expand their range...:As 引导【时间状语从句】。
▸ where they haven't been seen in a century or more:where 引导【定语从句】,修饰 places。
▍ 重点词汇短语
expand
vt. 扩展;扩大
range
n. 活动范围
century
n. 世纪
increasingly
adv. 越来越多地
sight
vt. 看见;发现
▍ 参考翻译
随着灰熊把活动范围扩展到一个多世纪以来都未曾出现过的地方,它们越来越多地被人类发现。
▍ 考点提示
★ be being done 为现在进行时的被动语态,强调“正越来越多地被发现”。As 引导时间状语从句表“随着……”;其中 where 定语从句修饰 places,关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语,不可换成 which。
第 90 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
▍ 主干提取
Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies.(它们的恢复如此成功,以至于该机构两次试图将灰熊除名)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ so...that...引导【结果状语从句】。
▸ 主干 Their recovery has been so successful:【主系表】结构。
▸ which would loosen...and allow...:which 引导【非限定性定语从句】,指代前面整个内容。
▸ allow them to be hunted:allow sb. to do 结构,含【不定式被动 to be hunted】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
recovery
n. 恢复;复原
attempt to do
试图做某事
de-list
vt. 除名;移出名录
loosen
vt. 放松;放宽
legal protection
法律保护
▍ 参考翻译
灰熊数量的恢复如此成功,以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局曾两次试图把灰熊从名录中除名,这将放宽法律保护并允许对其进行捕猎。
▍ 考点提示
★ so + adj. + that 引导结果状语从句,是因果逻辑的核心句型。非限定性定语从句 which 指代前面整件事(而非某个名词),这种“句子先行词”的 which 用法是阅读理解的常考难点。
第 91 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
"Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits," says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
▍ 主干提取
Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place...says James Jonkel.(“我们希望有一个干净、无诱引物的地方”,James Jonkel 说)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主句(直接引语)Our hope is to have a...place:【主系表】结构。
▸ where bears can pass through...:where 引导【定语从句】,修饰 place。
▸ without learning bad habits:【介词短语作状语】,表方式。
▸ who manages bears in and around Missoula:who 引导【定语从句】,修饰 James Jonkel。
▍ 重点词汇短语
attractant-free
adj. 无诱引物的
pass through
穿过;经过
habit
n. 习惯
longtime
adj. 长期的
biologist
n. 生物学家
▍ 参考翻译
“我们希望有一个干净、没有诱引物的地方,让灰熊能径直穿过而不养成坏习惯,”长期管理密苏拉及周边地区熊类的生物学家 James Jonkel 说道。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句含两个定语从句:where 修饰 place(关系副词作状语),who 修饰人名 James Jonkel。引语后置时主谓可倒装为 says James Jonkel。without doing 短语表“未……地”,作伴随/方式状语。
第 92 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 阅读理解(七选五)
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.
▍ 主干提取
So many of us have the belief...and...we get impatient about the circumstances.(很多人坚信舒适是唯一能接受的状态,遇到舒适区外的事就不耐烦)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ and 连接两个分句,构成【并列复合句】。
▸ that being comfortable is the only state:that 引导【同位语从句】,解释 belief。
▸ we will tolerate:省略关系词的【定语从句】,修饰 state。
▸ when we experience something outside of our comfort zone:when 引导【时间状语从句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
belief
n. 信念;看法
state
n. 状态
tolerate
vt. 容忍;忍受
comfort zone
舒适区
impatient
adj. 不耐烦的
▍ 参考翻译
我们许多人坚信舒适是唯一能接受的状态,而当我们遭遇舒适区之外的事物时,就会对处境感到不耐烦。
▍ 考点提示
★ the belief that... 为同位语从句(that 不作成分、内容完整),区别于定语从句;其后 state we will tolerate 又是省略关系词的定语从句。同位语从句与定语从句的辨析是阅读和填空的高频考点。
第 93 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 完形填空
But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket.
▍ 主干提取
we were worried because they were so misshapen.(我们很担心,因为它们形状怪异)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 we were worried:【主系表】结构。
▸ when we looked at the tomatoes:when 引导【时间状语从句】。
▸ because they were so misshapen:because 引导【原因状语从句】。
▸ you get in a supermarket:省略关系词的【定语从句】,修饰 things。
▍ 重点词汇短语
look at
看;注视
worried
adj. 担心的
misshapen
adj. 畸形的;形状怪异的
shiny
adj. 闪亮的
supermarket
n. 超市
▍ 参考翻译
但当我们看到这些西红柿时,我们很担心,因为它们形状怪异:完全不像超市里买到的那些圆润鲜亮的东西。
▍ 考点提示
★ 冒号后内容对 misshapen 作补充说明。not at all 表强烈否定“一点也不”。things you get in a supermarket 省略了关系代词(作 get 的宾语),属省略型定语从句,完形中需据此判断动词搭配与时态。
第 94 句
出处 2023 · 全国甲卷 · 完形填空
What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
▍ 主干提取
What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat...by its appearance.(我们发现的是:仅凭外观判断食物是不明智的)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ What we discovered:what 引导【主语从句】。
▸ that it's unwise to judge...:that 引导【表语从句】。
▸ it's unwise to judge...:it 为【形式主语】,真正主语是不定式 to judge。
▸ what you eat:what 引导【宾语从句】,作 judge 的宾语。
▍ 重点词汇短语
discover
vt. 发现
unwise
adj. 不明智的
judge
vt. 判断;评判
appearance
n. 外观;外貌
only by
仅凭
▍ 参考翻译
我们发现的是:仅凭外观来判断你所吃的食物是不明智的。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句出现两个 what 从句(主语从句 What we discovered、宾语从句 what you eat)与 that 表语从句,层层嵌套。it's unwise to do 中 it 为形式主语,是高考写作可借鉴的高分句型。
第 95 句
出处 2023 · 全国乙卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.
▍ 主干提取
sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.(有时我会在山丘或湖泊中发现独特风貌)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Although...:Although 引导【让步状语从句】。
▸ either farm fields or highways:either...or... 作 landscapes 的【同位语】。
▸ 主干 I find distinctive character:【主谓宾】结构。
▸ in the hills or lakes:【介词短语作地点状语】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
landscape
n. 风景;景观
tend to do
往往;倾向于
either...or...
要么……要么……
distinctive
adj. 独特的;与众不同的
character
n. 特色;特征
▍ 参考翻译
尽管中西部的景观往往十分相似,要么是农田,要么是公路,但我有时会在山丘或湖泊中发现独特的风貌。
▍ 考点提示
★ Although 引导让步状语从句,主句中不可再用 but(汉语“虽然……但是”须拆开)。either...or... 在此作同位语具体解释 similar 的内容;character 此处意为“特色”而非“人物/性格”,属一词多义考点。
第 96 句
出处 2023 · 全国乙卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.
▍ 主干提取
I often leave early to seek the right destinations.(我常常早早出发去寻找合适的拍摄地)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 I often leave early:【主谓】结构。
▸ to seek the right destinations / to avoid missing...:【不定式作目的状语】。
▸ so I can set up early:so (that) 引导【目的状语从句】。
▸ I am attempting to photograph:省略关系词的【定语从句】,修饰 moment。
▍ 重点词汇短语
seek
vt. 寻找;寻求
destination
n. 目的地
set up
做准备;架设
avoid doing
避免做某事
attempt to do
试图做某事
▍ 参考翻译
我经常早早出发去寻找合适的拍摄地,以便能提前做好准备,避免错过我想要拍摄的时机。
▍ 考点提示
★ 本句目的链清晰:to seek...(目的)→ so I can set up...(目的从句)→ to avoid missing...(目的)。avoid 后须接动名词 missing。the moment I am attempting to photograph 为省略关系词的定语从句。
第 97 句
出处 2023 · 全国乙卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇
Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
▍ 主干提取
they are some of my best shots.(它们仍是我拍得最好的一些照片)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ looking back on the photos:【现在分词短语作状语】。
▸ 主干 they are some of my best shots:【主系表】结构。
▸ though they could have been so much better:though 引导【让步状语从句】。
▸ if I would have been prepared and managed...:if 引导【虚拟条件句】,表对过去的虚拟。
▍ 重点词汇短语
look back on
回顾
shot
n. 照片;镜头
could have done
本可以(对过去的虚拟)
prepared
adj. 有准备的
wisely
adv. 明智地
▍ 参考翻译
尽管如此,回顾这些照片,它们仍是我拍得最好的一些作品,虽然若当初准备更充分、时间安排更明智,本可以拍得好得多。
▍ 考点提示
★ could have been + 过去分词 与 if 从句构成对过去事实的虚拟语气,表“本可以而未能”。look back on 为固定短语“回顾”;分词 looking back 作状语,逻辑主语为观察照片的“我”,需结合语境理解。
第 98 句
出处 2023 · 全国乙卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇
Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
▍ 主干提取
it is producing more top class chefs.(英国正培养出更多顶级大厨)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ Even though...:Even though 引导【让步状语从句】。
▸ 主干 it is producing more top class chefs:【主谓宾】结构。
▸ who appear frequently on our television screens:who 引导【定语从句】,修饰 chefs。
▸ whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists:whose 引导【定语从句】,修饰 chefs。
▍ 重点词汇短语
reputation
n. 名声;声誉
less-than-impressive
adj. 不太出彩的
cuisine
n. 烹饪;菜肴
chef
n. 厨师;大厨
top the lists
登上榜首
▍ 参考翻译
尽管英国的烹饪因平庸而声名不显,但它正培养出越来越多的顶级大厨,他们频繁出现在电视荧屏上,他们的食谱书也屡屡登上畅销书榜。
▍ 考点提示
★ 主句后并列两个定语从句,由 and 连接:who(chefs 作主语)与 whose(表所属,修饰 recipe books)。whose 引导的定语从句是高考难点,注意 whose + 名词整体作从句成分。top 此处为动词“位居……之首”。
第 99 句
出处 2023 · 全国乙卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
▍ 主干提取
you cannot do it through texts alone.(仅凭文字你无法做到这一点)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ If you want to tell the history...:If 引导【条件状语从句】。
▸ a history that does not privilege one part of humanity:a history 为【同位语】,其后 that 引导【定语从句】修饰它。
▸ because only some of the world has ever had texts:because 引导【原因状语从句】。
▸ while most of the world...has not:while 引导【表转折的并列句】。
▍ 重点词汇短语
privilege
vt. 给予特权;偏袒
humanity
n. 人类
text
n. 文字记载;文本
alone
adv. 仅仅;单单
while
conj. 然而(表对比)
▍ 参考翻译
如果你想讲述整个世界的历史——一段不偏袒人类任何一部分的历史——仅凭文字记载是做不到的,因为世界上只有部分地区曾有文字,而大多数地区在大部分时间里并没有。
▍ 考点提示
★ a history 是前文 history 的同位语,其后 that 定语从句修饰它,形成“名词+同位语+定从”的复杂结构。while 在此表对比转折“然而”,句末 has not 后省略了 had texts,须据平行结构补全。
第 100 句
出处 2023 · 全国乙卷 · 阅读理解 D 篇
The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.
▍ 主干提取
The Caribbean Taino...and the Incas...can speak to us now of their past achievements.(这些族群如今能向我们讲述他们过去的成就)
▍ 结构拆解
▸ 主干 The...Taino...and the Incas...can speak to us...of their past achievements:【主谓+介词宾语】结构。
▸ all of whom appear in this book:whom 引导【非限定性定语从句】,指代前面并列的族群。
▸ they made:省略关系词的【定语从句】,修饰 objects。
▸ told through things:【过去分词短语作后置定语】,修饰 history。
▍ 重点词汇短语
aboriginal
n. 原住民;土著
achievement
n. 成就
powerfully
adv. 有力地
object
n. 物品;物件
give back
归还;使重获
▍ 参考翻译
加勒比的泰诺人、澳大利亚的原住民、非洲贝宁的人民以及印加人——这些都在本书中出现的族群——如今能通过他们制作的物品最有力地向我们讲述其过去的成就:一段通过物品讲述的历史让他们重获了发声的机会。
▍ 考点提示
★ all of whom 非限定性定语从句中用 whom(介词 of 的宾语)指代前面并列的多个名词。objects they made 为省略关系词的定从;told through things 过去分词作后置定语修饰 history。冒号后为总结升华句。
高考英语长难句分析 100 句精讲 · 选自 2022–2025 年高考真题
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