Unit 4 Space exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语 人教版必修第三册

该高中英语课件聚焦不定式作定语和状语，通过呈现含斜体不定式的例句引导学生小组讨论功能，再系统讲解定义、特定用法及主动被动形式，构建从具体实例到抽象规则的学习支架。 其亮点在于结合太空探索主题设计多样化练习，如改写句子、完成短文等，助力学生在真实语境中提升语言能力，培养分析比较的思维品质。采用情境教学法，学生能高效掌握语法知识，教师可直接利用结构化资源开展教学。

Discovering Useful Structures Unit 4 Space Exploration 新人教必修Book 3 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Presentation I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. adverbial adverbial adverbial attribute attribute 不定式作定语、状语 一、不定式的定义： 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 二、不定式在句中的功能： （一）作定语 不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如： I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school. There is nothing to worry about. 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 例： 1. Please make an effort to catch the bus. 2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 1.当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish … （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词） 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 例： 1. He was the first one to think of the idea. 2. You are the only person to be late. 3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting. 2.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 例： 1. Do you have anything to say? 2. There is nothing to worry about. 3. I want to get something to drink. 3.当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything 等不定代词时。 4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。 例： The letter to be written is to my father. The matter to be discussed is important. Practice 1. The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. 3. I have a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of this term. to be completed to change to complete 4. The play ______________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. 5. It’s important for the figures ____________ (update) regularly. to be produced to be updated （二）作状语 不定式作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。 例： I come here to say good-bye to you. I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby, . 目的状语:to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such…as to do, etc. ※ 不定式作目的状语时， 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。 例： I said that to encourage him. （二）作状语 3. 结果状语：常与only , enough 或too连用,用于“too...to”；“enough to...”；“only to do”句型中。 例：He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school. She is so proud as to look down upon others. 2.原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中。 例： I’m glad to see you. She was disappointed to hear the news. 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 例： 1. He went home only to find his old friend George outside the door. 2. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果； 而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。 Practice ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. 3. Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. 4.George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. 5.We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition. To make to find to help to be told to find Practice Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. Examples: In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. Practice In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use. 2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use. 3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day 4. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise everyday, which will help them stay healthy. Practice Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy 5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under control Astronants have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to / in order to / so as to keep everything from floating off Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _______ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _____ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing______ (know)in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists to achieve using to get known Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. figure out a way ________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _______ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. to store to help Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box. 2 P81 2 hold build provide live set carry select fall take launch to carry to hold to set to take to build launch selected to fall to provide to live Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. 3 P81 3 make do be connect get see send to connect to do to get sending to see being making Complete the sentences using infinitives as the attribute or the adverbial. 1 P80 1 the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. too long and boring for me to finish. no longer a safe place to live in. the first Chinese to land on Mars. too complicated to explain in a few words. Thank you! $