暑假自学课第10讲 Unit 3 Past passing by — 语法练习（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

新初三暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第10讲 Unit 3 Past passing by — 语法练习 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新九年级（八升九） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习定语从句的结构与用法，掌握关系代词who/which/that的选用规则及特殊用法 Part 1 温故知新 —— 定语从句基础回顾 一、定语从句的基本概念 定语从句（Attributive Clause）是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，相当于一个形容词的作用。 被修饰的名词/代词 → 先行词（antecedent） 连接先行词和从句的词 → 关系词（relative pronoun） 成分 指人 指物 主语 who / that which / that 宾语 who / whom / that which / that 定语 whose whose 例句对比： 指人：I know the boy who is standing there. 指物：This is the book which I bought yesterday. 热身练习：判断关系代词指人还是指物 1. The man ______ is talking to Tom is my uncle. 2. The cat ______ is sleeping on the sofa is very cute. 3. This is the museum ______ we visited last week. 4. The girl ______ won the prize is my classmate. 5. The house ______ stands on the hill is very old. Part 2 习得新知 —— 定语从句核心考点精讲 一、关系代词 who 的用法（指人） 关系代词 who 用于指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 1. who 作主语 The archaeologist who discovered the tomb is famous. (考古学家发现了坟墓，考古学家很出名) = The archaeologist is famous. She discovered the tomb. 2. who 作宾语（口语中可代替whom） The researcher who (whom) we met yesterday is very kind. (我们昨天遇到了这位研究者，他很友好) who 专项练习：用 who 填空 1. The man ______ discovered the tomb was an archaeologist. 2. She is the researcher ______ wrote this detailed report. 3. The boy ______ won the prize is my brother. 4. I know the person ______ you are talking about. 二、关系代词 which 的用法（指物） 关系代词 which 用于指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 1. which 作主语 This is the statue which stands in the palace. (这座雕像立在宫殿里) 2. which 作宾语 The silk which they found was very valuable. (他们发现的丝绸非常有价值) which 专项练习：用 which 填空 1. The tomb ______ was discovered in 1920 is famous. 2. The silk ______ was found in the tomb is very old. 3. This is the palace ______ the king once lived in. 4. The mystery ______ we talked about is still unsolved. 三、关系代词 that 的用法（指人/指物） 关系代词 that 既可以指人也可以指物，常可代替 who 或 which。 1. that 指人（可代替who） The archaeologist that found the tomb is very famous. = The archaeologist who found the tomb is very famous. 2. that 指物（可代替which） The statue that stands in the palace is very old. = The statue which stands in the palace is very old. who/which/that 综合练习：选择正确的关系代词 1. The woman ______ (who / which) lives next door is a teacher. 2. The book ______ (who / which) I read last week was wonderful. 3. The museum ______ (which / who) we visited was built in 2000. 4. The students ______ (who / which) study hard will pass the exam. 5. The picture ______ (which / who) is on the wall is beautiful. 四、只能用 that 的几种情况（重要考点！） 虽然 that 可代替 who/which，但在以下情况中只能用 that： 1. 先行词被最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. (这是我见过的最好的电影) 2. 先行词被序数词修饰时 This is the first book that I read this year. (这是今年我读的第一本书) 3. 先行词是不定代词（everything/something/anything/nothing/all等） I have told you everything that I know. (我已经告诉了你我知道的一切) 4. 先行词同时包含人和物时 I remember the people and places that I visited. (我记得我拜访过的人和去过的地方) 只能用 that 练习：用 that 填空，不能用 where/who/which 1. This is the most beautiful statue ______ I have ever seen. 2. He told me everything ______ he knew about the mystery. 3. She is the first woman ______ reached the top of the mountain. 4. I like the people and the cartoon ______ the film showed. 五、关系代词的省略 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常常可以省略。 1. 作宾语时可以省略 The book (that/which) I bought is very interesting. The man (who/whom) we met is a famous researcher. 2. 作主语时不能省略 The archaeologist who discovered the tomb is famous. (who不能省) (= The archaeologist discovered the tomb — 不能去掉who) 关系代词省略练习：可以省略的打√，不可以的打× 1. The book ______ I borrowed from the library is good. ( ) 2. The man ______ is standing there is my teacher. ( ) 3. The statue ______ we saw in the museum is ancient. ( ) 4. The girl ______ won the first prize is my sister. ( ) Part 3 基础巩固（不附答案） 一、单项选择 1. The boy ______ is playing basketball is my cousin. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. This is the museum ______ we visited last summer. A. who B. whom C. which D. where 3. The book ______ I read yesterday was written by a researcher. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 4. She is the most beautiful girl ______ I have ever met. A. which B. who C. that D. whom 5. I have told you everything ______ I know. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6. The archaeologist ______ discovered the tomb is very famous. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 7. This is the first time ______ I have been to Beijing. A. which B. that C. who D. when 8. The woman ______ we met yesterday is a famous writer. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 9. I like the people and the places ______ I visited. A. which B. who C. that D. whom 10. The silk ______ was found in the tomb is valuable. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 二、用合适的关系代词填空（who/which/that） 1. The girl ______ is singing is my classmate. 2. The book ______ is on the desk is mine. 3. The man ______ we saw yesterday is an archaeologist. 4. This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen. 5. The palace ______ was built in the 15th century is beautiful. 6. The students ______ study hard will succeed. 7. The statue ______ stands in the square is very old. 8. He is the first person ______ arrived at the meeting. 9. The researcher ______ wrote this report is very detailed. 10. All ______ we need is time. 三、合并句子（将下列两句合并为含定语从句的复合句） 1. The woman is my aunt. She is standing there. → The woman ______ ______ ______ is my aunt. 2. The book is interesting. I read it yesterday. → The book ______ ______ ______ yesterday is interesting. 3. The archaeologist is famous. He found the tomb. → The archaeologist ______ ______ ______ ______ is famous. 4. The statue is very old. It stands in the palace. → The statue ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ is very old. 5. The students will pass the exam. They study hard. → The students ______ ______ ______ will pass the exam. Part 4 提高挑战（不附答案） 一、完形填空——定语从句语境 Have you ever visited a museum ______ has a lot of ancient statues? Last summer, I went to a museum ______ is famous for its collection of silk. The guide ______ showed us around was a knowledgeable researcher. He told us about a tomb ______ was discovered in 1920. The tomb contained many valuable items, including a gold crown ______ was decorated with jewels. It was the most amazing thing ______ I had ever seen. (1) A. who B. which C. whose D. whom (2) A. who B. which C. whose D. whom (3) A. which B. that C. who D. whose (4) A. which B. who C. whom D. whose (5) A. who B. whose C. which D. whom (6) A. which B. that C. who D. whom 二、改错（找出并改正错误） 1. The man which is talking to Tom is my uncle. ______ → ______ 2. This is the best film which I have ever seen. ______ → ______ 3. I have told you everything which I know. ______ → ______ 4. The girl which won the prize is my sister. ______ → ______ 5. The book who I read was very interesting. ______ → ______ 三、翻译句子 1. 站在那边的那个人是一位考古学家。 The man ______ ______ ______ ______ is an archaeologist. 2. 我昨天读的那本书非常有趣。 The book ______ ______ ______ ______ is very interesting. 3. 这是我见过的最珍贵的雕像。 This is the most valuable statue ______ ______ ______ ______. 4. 我发现了一条关于那座坟墓的神秘线索。 I found a clue about the tomb ______ ______ very mysterious. Part 5 本讲总结 定语从句（Attributive Clause）基本结构： 先行词 + 关系代词 + 从句 关系代词： who → 指人（作主语/宾语） which → 指物（作主语/宾语） that → 指人或物（作主语/宾语） 只能用 that 的四种情况： 1. 先行词被最高级修饰 2. 先行词被序数词修饰 3. 先行词是不定代词（all/everything等） 4. 先行词既有人又有物 关系代词作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不能省略 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 — 热身练习 1. who / that 2. which / that 3. which / that 4. who / that 5. which / that Part 2 习得新知 who专项练习 1. who 2. who 3. who 4. who/whom which专项练习 1. which 2. which 3. which 4. which who/which/that综合 1. who 2. which 3. which 4. who 5. which 只能用that练习 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. that 关系代词省略 1. ✓（可省略） 2. ✗（不能省，作主语） 3. ✓（可省略） 4. ✗（不能省，作主语） Part 3 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 二、关系代词填空 1. who / that 2. which / that 3. who / whom / that 4. that 5. which / that 6. who / that 7. which / that 8. that / who 9. who / that 10. that 三、合并句子 1. who is standing there 2. which / that I read 3. who / that found the tomb 4. which / that stands in the palace 5. who / that study hard Part 4 提高挑战 一、完形填空 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 二、改错 1. which → who / that 2. which → that（最高级后用that） 3. which → that（不定代词后用that） 4. which → who / that 5. who → which / that 三、翻译 1. who is standing there 2. which / that I read yesterday 3. that I have ever seen 4. which / that was 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $