第03讲 Unit 3 Same or Different（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材人教版

第03讲 Unit 3 Same or Different （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能认读、拼写并运用与人物外貌、性格、爱好、能力对比相关的重点词汇与短语，熟练朗读单元对话和短文。 2.能掌握本单元核心交际句型，熟练运用句型谈论自己与他人的相同点与不同点，描述人物特征与能力差异。 3.能听懂围绕人物异同对比展开的对话，精准抓取听力中的人物特征、能力、爱好及对比关系等关键信息。 4.能读懂介绍人物异同、朋友特质对比的简短语篇，理解文章主旨与细节内容，梳理人物之间的差异与共性。 5.能运用所学词汇和句型，口头、书面描述自己与同学、朋友的相同之处与不同之处，完成情景对话、人物对比短文写作等任务。 学习重点 1.掌握谈论人物外貌、性格、爱好、能力异同的核心对比句型，并能灵活进行问答、对比描述与转述。 2.熟记单元重点词汇、短语，掌握形容词、副词比较级以及同级比较（as...as）的含义与基本用法。 3.掌握形容词、副词原级、比较级在人物特征、能力对比语境中的句式结构与运用规则。 学习难点 1.准确区分形容词、副词原级与比较级的语义差别，掌握比较级的规则变化与不规则变化，结合语境正确选用比较句式。 2.结合生活场景，连贯、完整地用英语对比描述自己与他人的特质、爱好和能力，做到语句通顺、对比逻辑清晰。 3.在口语和写作中，综合运用词汇、对比句型与比较级语法，自然、精准地表达人物的相同点与不同点，规避比较对象不一致等语法错误。 1、How are we different from each other?我们有什么不同？ 【详解】 be different from（与…… 不同）；反义词组：the same ……as（与…… 相同） My schoolbag is different from yours.（我的书包和你的不同。） =My schoolbag isn’t the same as yours. 【拓展】different 的名词difference（不同点） 【典例】This new pen ________ the old one. They have different colours. A．is the same as B．is different from C．same as D．different from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这支新钢笔和旧的那支不一样。它们颜色不同。 固定短语 the same as、be different from 必须搭配 be 动词才可作谓语；A 选项含义为 “与…… 相同”，和后文 “颜色不同” 逻辑冲突；C、D 两项缺少 be 动词，句子结构残缺，故选 B。 【即练1】My bike isn’t the same as Tom’s. It means my bike ________ Tom’s. A．is same as B．different from C．is different from D．are different from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的自行车和汤姆的不一样。这意味着我的自行车与汤姆的不同。 短语 not the same as 的同义表达是 be different from；主语 my bike 为单数，对应的 be 动词用 is。A 项缺少定冠词 the；B 项缺少 be 动词；D 项 are 不能搭配单数主语，故选 C。 【即练2】Can you tell me one ________ between the two cats? A．different B．differences C．difference D．differently 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能说出这两只猫之间的一处不同点吗？ one 后需接可数名词单数。different 是形容词，differently 是副词，二者不能放在 one 后；differences 是名词复数，无法和 one 匹配；difference 是可数名词单数，意为 “不同点”，符合要求，故选 C。 2、Compare people and things.比较人和事物。 【解析】compare v. 比较；对比 【短语词组】 ①compare to  与……比较 ②compare... with...  把……与……相比 My room is bigger compared to yours. 我的房间和你的相比更大 Compare your answer with the model. 把你的答案和范文对比 【词汇拓展】 comparison n. 比较 comparable adj. 可比较的；比得上的 【典例】Please ________ your answers ________ the model answers before handing in your paper. A．compare; to B．compare; with C．comparing; with D．compared; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：交卷前请把你的答案和参考答案对照一下。 本句为祈使句，句首用动词原形，排除 C、D；compare...with... 表示 “把…… 与…… 对比”，侧重仔细比对差异；compare to 多表示把某物比作另一物，此处是对照答案，用 compare...with...，故选 B。 【即练1】In ________, the new library is much brighter than the old one. A．compare B．comparable C．comparison D．compared 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对比来看，新图书馆比旧图书馆明亮得多。 固定搭配 in comparison 表示 “相比之下”，此处需要名词；compare 是动词，comparable 是形容词，compared 是动词过去分词，均不能放在介词 in 后，故选 C。 【即练2】These two paintings are ________ in style, so many people mix them up. A．compare B．comparison C．comparable D．comparing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这两幅画作风格相近，很多人会把它们弄混。 句中 be 动词后需要形容词作表语；comparable 为形容词，意为 “可比较的；不相上下的”；compare (动词)、comparison (名词)、comparing (动名词) 均不符合此处语法要求，故选 C。 3、Chen Jie is afraid of performing alone. 【详解】（1）“afraid”是形容词，常见用法如下： ①be afraid of (doing) sth.表示“害怕（做）某事”，强调对某事物或某种情况的恐惧。 She is afraid of snakes.（她害怕蛇。） I'm afraid of making mistakes.（我害怕犯错。） ②be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢做某事”，侧重因害怕而不敢去做某事。 He is afraid to go out alone at night.（他不敢在晚上独自出门。） ③be afraid that...表示“担心……，恐怕……”，后接宾语从句。 I'm afraid that I can't come to the party.（我恐怕不能来参加派对了。） ④I'm afraid so/not 这是一种常用的口语表达。“I'm afraid so.”表示“恐怕是这样”；“I'm afraid not.”表示“恐怕不是这样”“恐怕不行”。 “Is it going to rain tomorrow?”“I'm afraid so.”（“明天会下雨吗？”“恐怕会。”） “Can you help me with this problem?”“I'm afraid not.”（“你能帮我解决这个问题吗？”“恐怕不行。”） 【典例】The little girl is afraid ______ the dark, so she is afraid ______ out alone at night. A．of; going B．to; to go C．of; to go D．to; going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个小女孩害怕黑暗，所以她不敢晚上独自外出。 be afraid of sth. 害怕某物；be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事。第一空后是名词 the dark，用 of；第二空后是动作，需用不定式 to go，故选 C。 【即练1】—Can you go shopping with me this afternoon? —______. I have to finish my homework first. A．I'm afraid so B．I'm afraid not C．I afraid not D．I'm afraid 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 今天下午你能和我一起去购物吗？—— 恐怕不行。我得先完成我的作业。 I'm afraid so 意为 “恐怕是这样”；I'm afraid not 意为 “恐怕不行、恐怕不是”。C、D 两项结构不完整。根据后句要先写作业，可知无法一同购物，选 B。 【即练2】I'm afraid ______ I can't attend your birthday party this Saturday. A．of B．to C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：恐怕这周六我不能参加你的生日派对了。 be afraid of 后接名词 / 动名词；be afraid to 后接动词原形；be afraid that 后接完整宾语从句。空格后是完整句子，用 that 引导从句，故选 C。 （2）alone（独自的 / 地） 形容词：表示 “独自一人”（无情感色彩）。lonely孤独的，有感情色彩。 【拓展】“alone”和“lonely”辨析 ①alone：强调客观上的“独自，单独”，没有其他人或事物陪伴。 He likes to stay alone in his room.（他喜欢独自待在房间里。） ②lonely：侧重于主观上的“孤独，寂寞”，强调内心的感受，通常表示因缺乏陪伴而感到悲伤或凄凉。 The old man feels lonely because his children are far away.（这位老人因为孩子们离得远而感到孤独。） 【注意】lonely：是形容词，常作定语或表语。作定语时，意为“荒凉的，偏僻的”。 a lonely village（一个偏僻的村庄）。 【典例】Though he lives ______, he never feels ______. A．lonely; alone B．alone; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; lonely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然他独自居住，但他从不感到孤独。 alone 侧重客观上独自一人；lonely 侧重主观内心孤独。live alone 表示独自居住；feel lonely 表示感到孤单，故选 B。 【即练1】We passed a ______ mountain village on our way. Few people live there. A．alone B．lonely C．quietly D．singly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们在路上经过了一个偏僻的山村，那里几乎没人居住。 lonely 作定语可表示 “偏僻的，荒凉的”；alone 不能放在名词前作定语；quietly、singly 均为副词，不能修饰名词 village，故选 B。 【即练2】The little boy stayed ______ in the house, but he wasn’t ______. A．lonely; alone B．alone; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; lonely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小男孩一个人待在屋子里，但他并不觉得孤单。 stayed alone 指客观上单独一人；wasn’t lonely 指内心没有孤独的感受，结合两个单词用法，故选 B。 4、I’m not as outgoing as you. 【详解】① 结构与用法 肯定形式：A + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + B （A和B一样.......） Your bag is as heavy as mine.（你的包和我的一样重。） 否定形式：A + not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + B （A不如B） This problem is not as difficult as I thought.（这个问题没有我想象的难。） He doesn't run so fast as his friend.（他跑得不如朋友快。） ②原级与比较级互换 A + not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + B =A+形容词反义词的比较级 + than + B =B + 形容词的比较级 + than + A He isn’t as tall as me.他没有我高.=He is shorter than me.=I am taller than him . 【典例】This book isn’t ________ useful ________ that magazine. A．as; so B．so; as C．so; so D．more; than 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本书不如那本杂志有用。 否定形式的原级比较可用 not as/so + 形容词原级 + as；so...as 多用于否定句，构成固定搭配 not so...as。A、C 搭配不符合语法，D 选项为比较级搭配，不能和题干结构匹配，故选 B。 【即练1】Bob isn’t as strong as Mike. Which of the following has the same meaning? A．Bob is stronger than Mike. B．Mike is weaker than Bob. C．Mike is stronger than Bob. D．Bob is as strong as Mike. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：鲍勃不如迈克强壮。下面哪一句意思相同？ A not as + 形容词原级 + as B 等价于 A + 反义词比较级 + than B，也等价于 B + 原形容词比较级 + than A。本句中 Bob 不如 Mike 强壮，即迈克比鲍勃更强壮。A、B、D 句意均不符，故选 C。 【即练2】Lily draws ________ carefully ________ her deskmate. They get good grades. A．as; as B．so; as C．as; so D．more; as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：莉莉画画和她同桌一样认真。她们都取得了好成绩。 题干为肯定含义，使用原级比较肯定结构 as + 副词原级 + as；so...as 仅用于否定句，C、D 搭配不存在，故选 A。 5、They solve the problem by playing together. 【详解】（1）solve（解决），及物动词，后接问题、困难等（如 problem, difficulty）,相当于work out。 Can you help me solve this problem ？（你能帮我解决这个难题吗？） =Can you help me work out this problem ? 【拓展】solve的名词solution（解决方案） （2）by doing（通过做……）用法：表示方式或方法，后接动名词。 You can learn English by watching videos.（你可以通过看视频学英语。） 【注意】对by doing sth 划线提问，疑问词用how。 【典例】No one can ________ the difficult math problem in our class. A．solution B．solve C．solving D．solved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们班上没人能解出这道数学难题。 情态动词 can 后需要使用动词原形；solution 是名词，意为 “解决方案”；solving 是动名词 / 现在分词；solved 是动词过去式 / 过去分词，均不能放在 can 后，故选 B。 【即练1】We should ________ the problem before the meeting starts. A．work out B．work for C．work with D．work on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该在会议开始前解决这个问题。 solve 表示解决难题，同义短语为 work out；work for 意为 “为…… 工作”，work with 意为 “和…… 共事”，work on 意为 “从事，致力于”，均无 “解决（问题）” 的含义，故选 A。 【即练2】Who can come up with a useful ________ to the difficulty? A．solve B．solving C．solution D．solved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：谁能想出一个有用的办法来应对这个困难？ 不定冠词 a 后需要填入可数名词单数；solve 是动词原形，solving 是动名词，solved 是动词变形；solution 是 solve 对应的名词，意为 “解决方案”，符合语法与句意，故选 C。 6、They won the first prize in the school music festival. 【详解】win（赢） ，win + 比赛 / 奖项（如 game, competition, prize）； Our team won the basketball match.（我们队赢了篮球比赛。） 【拓展】win,beat和lose区别 ①win：表示获胜、赢得，其宾语通常是比赛、奖品、荣誉等，如“win a game”（赢得一场比赛），“win a prize”（获得一个奖项）。 ②beat：意为打败、战胜，其宾语通常是竞争对手，如“beat the opponent”（打败对手），“beat the team”（战胜这个团队）。 ③lose：表示输掉、失败，与“win”相反，其宾语可以是比赛、战斗等，如“lose a match”（输掉一场比赛），“lose the battle”（输掉战斗）。 【典例】We ________ their swimming team in the final last Sunday. A．won B．beat C．lost D．got 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周日的决赛中我们打败了他们的游泳队。 win 后接比赛、奖项；beat 后接人、队伍等对手；lost 意为输掉，got 意为得到。空格后宾语是 their swimming team（对手队伍），需用 beat，故选 B。 【即练1】My cousin ________ a big prize in the painting competition. A．beat B．won C．lost D．missed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的表姐在绘画比赛中赢得了大奖。 prize（奖项）要搭配动词 win；beat 的宾语只能是人或团队；lost 表示输掉；missed 表示错过。此处宾语为 a big prize，用 won，故选 B。 【即练2】They practiced every day, but they ________ the basketball game yesterday. A．won B．beat C．lost D．caught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们每天练习，但昨天他们输掉了篮球赛。 but 表转折，说明结果不好；win 意为赢得；beat 后接对手；lose 后可搭配比赛，意为输掉；caught 是抓住。此处指输掉比赛，选 lost，故选 C。 7、I took part in the school music festival. 【详解】take part in（参加），后接活动、比赛等（如 competition, activity）。 I took part in the painting competition last week.（我上周参加了绘画比赛。） 【拓展】take part in 与join 的区别 ①“take part in”后面接活动等名词作宾语，不能接人。 She took part in the singing competition.（她参加了歌唱比赛。） ②“join”是及物动词，后面接组织、团体的名词，也可以接人，表示加入某人或与某人一起做某事。 He joined the Party last year.（他去年入党了。） Will you join us for dinner?（你愿意和我们一起吃晚饭吗？） 【典例】Many students will ________ the school sports meeting next Friday. A．join B．take part in C．join in D．take part 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下周五许多学生将要参加学校运动会。 join 后接团体、组织或者人；take part in 后接大型活动、比赛；take part 缺少介词 in，结构不完整；join in 多用于小型临时活动。the school sports meeting 是学校大型活动，用 take part in，故选 B。 【即练1】Would you like to ________ us to climb the mountain this weekend? A．take part in B．join C．join in D．take part 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这周末你愿意和我们一起去爬山吗？ take part in 后面只能搭配各类活动，不能接人；join 后可接人，表示加入某人一同做某事；其余选项搭配不适用。空格后宾语 us 指人，故选 B。 【即练2】My brother wants to ________ the basketball club after school. A．join B．take part in C．take part D．joined 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的弟弟放学后想要加入篮球俱乐部。 join 后接俱乐部、社团、组织等团体；take part in 搭配各类活动；to 后需要使用动词原形，joined 是动词过去式。the basketball club 属于团体组织，故选 A。 8、Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival! 【详解】congratulate动词，祝贺；结构：congratulate sb. on sth.（祝贺某人某事） We all congratulated him on winning the competition. （我们都祝贺他赢得比赛。） I want to congratulate you on your graduation. （我想祝贺你毕业。） 常用复数形式：Congratulations! （单独使用表示祝贺） Congratulations on your birthday! （祝你生日快乐！） 【典例】— I passed the important exam yesterday! — ________! A．Congratulation B．Congratulates C．Congratulations D．Congratulate 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 我昨天通过那场重要考试了！—— 祝贺你！ 单独表达祝贺要用复数形式 Congratulations；Congratulation 为单数形式，不能单独使用；Congratulates 是动词第三人称单数；Congratulate 是动词原形，均无法单独用于答语表达祝贺，故选 C。 【即练1】We congratulate her ________ getting the first prize. A．in B．on C．for D．at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们祝贺她获得一等奖。 固定搭配 congratulate sb. on sth. 表示 “祝贺某人某事”，介词只能用 on，其余介词均不匹配该短语，故选 B。 【即练2】I’d like to congratulate you ________ your new job. A．on B．to C．with D．about 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想祝贺你得到新工作。 短语 congratulate sb. on sth. 是固定用法，意为因某事祝贺某人，此处介词选用 on，其他介词不符合搭配规则，故选 A。 9、You attended the festival last year and this year. 【详解】attend动词，参加 / 出席 My father will attend the parents' meeting tomorrow.（我爸爸明天要参加家长会。） 【拓展】take part in, join 和attend区别 ①take part in：侧重于参与某个活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用，强调参与活动的过程，常指参加群众性活动、会议、比赛等。 She took part in the school play.（她参加了学校的戏剧演出。） ②attend：通常用于指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、讲座、课程等，更强调出席这一动作，不一定强调在活动中发挥作用。He will attend a lecture on history tomorrow.（他明天将参加一个关于历史的讲座。） ③join：强调加入某个组织、团体或人群，成为其中的一员。也可用于表示加入某人做某事。 He joined the club last year.（他去年加入了俱乐部。） Will you join us for a walk?（你愿意和我们一起去散步吗？） 【典例】All parents are asked to ________ the parents' meeting this Friday afternoon. A．join B．take part in C．attend D．join in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：所有家长被要求本周五下午出席家长会。 attend 侧重出席会议、讲座等，只强调到场；join 后接团体或人；take part in 侧重亲身参与并发挥作用的活动；join in 多指小型活动。the parents' meeting 是会议，用 attend，故选 C。 【即练1】I want to ________ the running race and try my best to win. A．attend B．join C．take part in D．join to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我想要参加赛跑比赛，并尽全力获胜。 take part in 用于参与比赛、群众性活动，强调参与过程；attend 仅指出席；join 后接组织或人；join to 无此搭配。the running race 是竞赛活动，选 take part in，故选 C。 【即练2】Tom decided to ________ the music group and practice singing every day. A．attend B．join C．take part in D．attend in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆决定加入音乐社团，每天练习唱歌。 join 表示加入团体、组织，成为其中一员；attend 用于会议、课程；take part in 搭配活动；attend in 为错误搭配。the music group 是团体，用 join，故选 B。 10、Besides singing, how do you both spend your spare time? 【详解】（1）besides除...之外（还有）（包括在内） Besides math, I also like physics. （除了数学，我还喜欢物理。） 【拓展】besides与except区别 ①besides：表示“除……之外（还有）”，即包括在整体之内，强调除此之外还有其他的。 Besides English, he also studies French.（除了英语，他还学习法语。）说明他既学英语也学法语。 ②except：表示“除……之外（不包括）”，即从整体中排除出去。 Everyone is here except Tom.（除了汤姆，大家都在这儿。）意味着汤姆不在这儿。 （2）spare空闲的 / 抽出 ①作形容词，表示“空闲的；多余的”。 I have no spare time this week.（我这周没有空闲时间。） ②作动词，有“抽出；匀出”的意思，常与时间、金钱等搭配。 Can you spare me a few minutes?（你能为我抽出几分钟时间吗？） 【拓展】常见搭配：spare time 空闲时间；in one's spare time 在某人空闲时 【典例】________ English, she learns two other foreign languages. A．Except B．Besides C．Without D．Outside 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除了英语之外，她还学习另外两门外语。 besides 意为 “除…… 之外（还有）”，包含后面提到的事物；except 表示 “除…… 之外”，不包含该事物；without（没有）、outside（在外面）不符合语境。句中说明英语是她学习的语种之一，还有其他语言，用 Besides，故选 B。 【即练1】All the students went hiking ________ Jack. He was ill at home. A．besides B．except C．with D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除了杰克，所有学生都去远足了。他生病在家。 根据后一句杰克在家，可知杰克不包含在去远足的人群里。except 表示从整体中排除某人 / 某物；besides 是包含在内，不符合本句逻辑，故选 B。 【即练2】—What subjects do you study? —I study Chinese, math and history. ________ them, I also learn chemistry. A．Except B．Beside C．Besides D．Expect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 你学哪些科目？—— 我学习语文、数学和历史。除了这些科目之外，我还学化学。 besides 除…… 之外（还有）；except 排除在外；beside 介词，意为 “在…… 旁边”；expect 动词，意为 “期待”。此处表示包含前面科目，额外还有化学，选 Besides，故选 C。 11、Our pleasure! 【详解】pleasure名词，愉快/荣幸/令人愉快的事。 She read the book with pleasure.（她愉快地读着这本书。） It's a pleasure to meet you.（见到你很高兴。） 【固定搭配】常见的有“with pleasure”（乐意地，愉快地），“my pleasure”（不客气，这是我的荣幸）等。“Could you help me?”“With pleasure.”（“你能帮我一下吗？”“乐意效劳。”） 【拓展】 ①动词 please意为“使高兴，使满意”。 It pleases me to see you looking happy.（看到你一副快乐的样子我很高兴。） ②“pleasure”的形容词形式有“pleasant”和“pleased”。 pleasant：表示“令人愉快的；宜人的；有趣的”，常用来形容事物或人给人的感觉。 We had a pleasant trip.（我们有一次愉快的旅行。） pleased：意为“高兴的；满意的”，通常用来描述人的感受。 I'm very pleased with my new job.（我对我的新工作很满意。） 【典例】—Thank you for helping me carry the box! —________. A．With pleasure B．My pleasure C．Pleased D．Pleasant 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 谢谢你帮我搬箱子！—— 不客气。 With pleasure 用于回应别人的请求，表示乐意效劳；My pleasure 用于回应感谢，表示不客气；Pleased（感到开心的）、Pleasant（令人愉悦的）均无法单独作答语回应感谢，故选 B。 【即练1】—Could you pass me that notebook? —________. A．My pleasure B．With pleasure C．Pleasure D．Pleased 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 你能把那本笔记本递给我吗？—— 乐意效劳。 问句是提出请求，需用 With pleasure 回复，表示愿意帮忙；My pleasure 用来回应感谢；Pleasure 名词不能单独使用；Pleased 形容词，此处语境不匹配，故选 B。 【即练2】We spent a ________ afternoon walking along the lake. A．pleased B．please C．pleasant D．pleasure 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们沿着湖边散步，度过了一个惬意的下午。 此处需要形容词修饰名词 afternoon；pleasant 形容事物 “令人愉悦的”；pleased 多修饰人，表人感到满意；please 是动词；pleasure 是名词，均不能修饰 afternoon，故选 C。 12、Are you more serious than your cousin? 【详解】（1）比较级句型（A 比 B 更...） 结构：A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than + B 形容词比较级： This book is more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本有趣。） My sister is taller than me.（我姐姐比我高。） 副词比较级： She runs faster than her brother.（她跑得比弟弟快。） Tom studies more carefully than before.（汤姆学习比以前更认真。） （2）serious”是形容词，表示“严肃的；认真的”“重要的；需认真对待的” He is a serious man.（他是个严肃的人。） 【短语搭配】 “be serious about”表示“对……认真；严肃对待”。 He is serious about his work.（他对工作很认真。） 【典例】This story is ________ than that one. A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个故事比那个故事更有趣。 句中出现比较级标志词 than，需要使用形容词比较级；interesting 是多音节形容词，比较级形式为 more interesting。A 是原级，C、D 是最高级，不符合此处句型要求，故选 B。 【即练1】Linda sings ________ loudly ________ her deskmate. A．more; than B．much; then C．more; then D．most; than 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琳达唱歌比她同桌声音更大。 根据比较级句型 A + 副词比较级 + than + B 可知，副词 loudly 的比较级是 more loudly；than 意为 “比”，then 意为 “然后”，不能混淆。B、C 中 then 用词错误，D 为最高级，故选 A。 【即练2】My father drives ________ carefully ________ my mother. A．more; than B．much; than C．more; then D．most; than 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爸爸开车比我妈妈更小心。 有 than 说明要用比较级，双音节及多音节副词 carefully 比较级为 more carefully；then 不是比较连词，不能替换 than。B 选项 much 不能直接修饰原级构成比较，D 是最高级，故选 A。 13、The population of Chicago was larger than that of Guangzhou in 2022. 【详解】 （1）population意为“人口，人口数量”， ①作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 The population of China is 1.4 billion .(中国人口有14亿） ②形容人口的多少用large/big和small。 The population of China is larger than that of America.（中国人口比美国人口要多。） ③询问某国、某地有多少人口的句型：What is the population of…?，不能用how many /how much What’s the population of Hubei? （湖北人口有多少？） ④表示“某地有多少人口”用“…has a population of…”或“The population of…is…”。 China has a population of 1.4 billion .(中国人口有14亿） （2）比较级中that的用法 用法: 在比较级中代替前文提到的单数名词；如果代替前文的复数名词，则使用those. 原句：The weather in Wuhan is hotter than the weather in Beijing. 简化：The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.（武汉的天气比北京热。） The apples in this basket are bigger than those in that basket. （这个篮子里的苹果比那个篮子里的大。） 【典例】—________ the population of this city? —It’s about five million. A．How much is B．How many are C．What is D．What are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 这座城市的人口是多少？—— 大约五百万。 询问某地人口数量要用固定句型 “What is the population of...?”；how much/how many 不能用于提问 population；population 作主语谓语用单数 is，故选 C。 【即练1】The population of India is ________ than that of Australia. A．many B．much C．larger D．smaller 【答案】C 【详解】句意：印度的人口比澳大利亚人口多。 描述人口数量大小不用 many/much，需用形容词 large/big（人口多）、small（人口少）；根据常识印度人口更多，此处用比较级 larger，故选 C。 【即练2】This town ________ a population of thirty thousand. A．have B．has C．is D．are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小镇有三万人口。 表达某地拥有多少人口可用固定结构 “主语 + have/has a population of + 数字”；主语 this town 是单数，谓语动词使用 has；is/are 无法搭配该短语，故选 B。 14、Some people think that friends should be alike. 【详解】alike 形容词；意为“相似的，相像的”，常作表语，不能用于名词前作定语。 The two sisters look very much alike.（这两姐妹长得很像。） 【常见搭配】 ①“be alike in”表示“在……方面相似”。The two cars are alike in color.（这两辆车颜色相似。） ②“look alike”意为“看起来相像”。They look alike, but they have different personalities.（他们看起来相像，但性格不同。） 【典例】The twin brothers ________. It’s hard to tell them apart. A．are alike look B．look alike C．alike look D．look alike brothers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎兄弟长得很像，很难区分他们。 alike 作形容词只能作表语，固定搭配 look alike 表示 “看起来相像”。A、C 语序错误；D 中 alike 不能前置修饰名词 brothers，故选 B。 【即练1】These two houses ________ size and shape. A．are alike in B．alike are in C．are in alike D．in are alike 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这两栋房子在尺寸和外形方面很相似。 固定结构 be alike in... 意为 “在…… 方面相似”。其余选项语序均不符合该固定搭配语法要求，故选 A。 【即练2】Which sentence is correct? A．They are alike students. B．Alike children like this game. C．The two robots are alike. D．Alike they are. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哪一个句子是正确的？ alike 只可作表语，不能放在名词前作定语，因此 A、B 错误；D 句式结构不存在；C 中 alike 跟在 be 动词后作表语，用法正确，故选 C。 15、Because of that, I try harder when I practice, and now I’m getting better at badminton. 【详解】（1）because of含义：因为；由于。 【辨析】because 与because of because of后面接名词、代词或动名词短语，表示原因。because后面接句子。 We didn't go to school because of the heavy rain.（因为大雨，我们没去上学。）=We didn’t go to school because it rained heavily. （2）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；努力的”；作副词时，意为“努力地；猛烈地”。 This math problem is very hard.（这道数学题很难。） The bed is too hard.（这床太硬了。） He works hard every day.（他每天努力工作。） It is raining hard outside.（外面雨下得很大。 【典例】He stayed at home ________ his bad cold. A．because B．because of C．so D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：因为重感冒，他待在了家里。 because 后接完整句子；because of 后接名词、代词或动名词短语。his bad cold 是名词短语，需用 because of；so（因此）、but（但是）逻辑不符，故选 B。 【即练1】She failed the exam ________ she didn’t study hard. A．because of B．because C．for D．with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她考试不及格，因为她没有努力学习。 空格后 “she didn’t study hard” 是完整陈述句，要用连词 because 引导原因状语从句；because of 后不能接句子，for、with 不符合此处语法，故选 B。 【即练2】The sports meeting was put off ________ raining all day. A．because B．as C．because of D．since 【答案】C 【详解】句意：运动会由于下了一整天的雨被推迟了。 raining all day 是动名词短语，不是完整句子。because、as、since 引导原因时后面都需要接句子；because of 适配名词 / 动名词结构，故选 C。 16、Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 【详解】thanks to多亏；由于。表示原因，通常用于表达积极的结果。 Thanks to your help, I passed the exam.（多亏了你的帮助，我通过了考试。） 【辨析】thanks to与thanks for区别 ①thanks to：表示“多亏；由于”， Thanks to your help, we finished the work on time.（多亏了你的帮助，我们按时完成了工作。） ②thanks for：意为“因……而感谢”，用于表达对某人所做某事的感激之情。 Thanks for inviting me to the party.（谢谢你邀请我参加聚会。） 【典例】________ your advice, I found my lost key quickly. A．Thanks for B．Thanks to C．Thank you D．Thank to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多亏你的建议，我很快找到了丢失的钥匙。 thanks to 意为 “多亏，由于”，后接名词 / 代词引出带来好结果的原因；thanks for 表示 “因…… 感谢”；Thank you 后不能直接接名词；Thank to 为错误搭配。本句强调建议带来了好结果，用 Thanks to，故选 B。 【即练1】________ helping me with my English these days! A．Thanks to B．Thank to C．Thanks for D．Thank for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：谢谢你这些天帮我补习英语！ thanks for + 名词 / 动名词，用于单纯表达对某事的感谢；thanks to 侧重引出造成某种结果的缘由；Thank to、Thank for 均为错误表达，故选 C。 【即练2】—________ the warm coat, I didn’t feel cold outside. —________ lending it to me! A．Thanks for; Thanks to B．Thanks to; Thanks for C．Thank to; Thank for D．Thanks for; Thanks for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 多亏这件暖和的外套，我在外面没觉得冷。—— 谢谢你把它借给我！ 第一空外套是让人不冷的有利原因，用 Thanks to；第二空单纯感谢对方借出外套这件事，用 Thanks for。其余选项搭配或逻辑不符，故选 B。 17、Now I think meeting new people is really fun. 【详解】（1）“I think + 句子”是一个常见的主从复合句结构，其中“I think”是主句，后面的句子是宾语从句，用来表达说话者的观点、想法或看法。 ①否定句，通常将否定词转移到主句的“think”上，即“否定前移”。 I don't think it will rain tomorrow.（我认为明天不会下雨。） ②一般疑问句，将“think”的助动词提前到句首。 Do you think she will come to the party?（你认为她会来参加派对吗？） （2） meeting new people是动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 Drinking milk every day is good for our health. （每天喝牛奶对我们健康有益。） 【典例】I ________ he ________ finish his homework on time. A．think; won’t B．don’t think; will C．don’t think; won’t D．not think; will 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为他不能按时完成他的作业。 主句主语为 I，谓语动词为 think 时，要遵循否定前移规则，否定词放在主句，从句用肯定形式。A 未进行否定前移；C 双重否定逻辑错误；D 缺少助动词 do，结构错误，故选 B。 【即练1】—________ you ________ Lily can join us? —Yes, I believe she will. A．Do; think B．Are; think C．Does; think D．Did; thinks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 你认为莉莉能加入我们吗？—— 是的，我相信她会的。 think 是实义动词，变一般疑问句需借助助动词 do/does/did；主语是 you，一般现在时用助动词 Do，后面动词用原形 think。B 搭配 be 动词错误；C 助动词 does 对应主语为第三人称单数；D 助动词后不能用 thinks，故选 A。 【即练2】Which sentence is correct? A．I think he isn’t right. B．I don’t think he is right. C．I not think he is right. D．I don’t think he isn’t right. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪一个句子是正确的？ I think 引导宾语从句，否定要前移至主句。A 否定未前移；C 缺少助动词 do；D 构成双重否定，语义和表达习惯错误；B 符合否定前移语法规则，故选 B。 18、What really matters in a friendship? 【详解】（1）matter作名词 ①表示“事情；问题”，用于句型“What's the matter?”，用来询问“怎么了？出什么事了？” ②意为“物质”，是不可数名词。 Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.（物质以三种状态存在：固态、液态和气态。） ③表示“重要性”，用于短语“no matter”，可单独使用，也可引导让步状语从句。 No matter, we can go there another day.（没关系，我们可以改天去那儿。） No matter what you say, I won't believe you.（无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。） （2）matter作动词, 意为“要紧；有关系”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。 It doesn't matter if you are late.（你迟到没关系。） Does it matter what I wear?（我穿什么要紧吗？） 【典例】—________? You look upset. —I lost my new pen. A．What matter B．What’s the matter C．How matter D．How’s the matter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 怎么了？你看起来闷闷不乐。—— 我弄丢了我的新钢笔。 固定句型 What’s the matter? 用于询问对方出了什么状况。A、C 缺少 be 动词且搭配错误；D 不存在此表达，故选 B。 【即练1】________ you choose, I will support you. A．No matter what B．No matter how C．What no matter D．How no matter 【答案】A 【详解】句意：无论你选择什么，我都会支持你。 no matter 后接疑问词引导让步状语从句，语序为 no matter + 疑问词；choose 后缺少宾语，用 what 作宾语，how 只能作状语，C、D 语序错误，故选 A。 【即练2】—Sorry for breaking your cup. —________. A．It matters B．It doesn’t matter C．That matter D．That doesn’t matters 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 很抱歉打碎了你的杯子。—— 没关系。 matter 作动词表 “要紧”，常用否定句式 It doesn’t matter. 用来回应道歉；A 肯定形式不符合语境；C 缺少助动词；D 助动词后需用动词原形 matter，故选 B。 一、单项选择 1．—The boy didn’t come to school ________ the bad weather, right? —No, ________ he was ill. A．because, because of B．because of, because C．because, because D．because of, because of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个男孩没有来学校是由于糟糕的天气，对吗？——不，因为他生病了。 because是连词，后接完整句子；because of是介词短语，后接名词或名词短语。“the bad weather”是名词短语，第一空填because of；“he was ill.”是完整的句子，第二空填连词because。 2．—Hi, Lucy. What’s the ________ between the two computers? —The black one is more beautiful and faster than the white one. A．difference B．surprise C．problem D．danger 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——嗨，露西。这两台电脑之间的区别是什么？——黑色的那台比白色的那台更漂亮且更快。 difference区别；surprise惊喜；problem问题；danger危险。根据答语“The black one is more beautiful and faster than the white one.”可知，是在比较两者的不同之处，推测出问的是区别。 3．—I don’t think my brother is ________ me. He often forgets things. —That’s true. He needs to be more attentive. A．less careful than B．so careless as C．as careful as D．more careless than 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我认为我弟弟不如我细心。他经常忘事。——确实。他需要更专注一些。 careful细心的；careless粗心的。根据后句“He often forgets things.” 可知，说话人想表达弟弟不如自己细心，应填as careful as。 4．—What a terrible rain! We can’t go camping today, Mum. —In this ________, we can do nothing but stay at home. A．opinion B．budget C．situation D．connection 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——多么糟糕的雨啊！妈妈，我们今天不能去露营了。——在这种情况下，我们只能待在家里。 opinion观点；budget预算；situation情况；connection联系。前句“不能去露营”，后句“只能待在家里”是对当前情况的应对，应用situation，in this situation“在这种情况下”。 5．Parents always ________ their children so much that they can do anything for them. A．know about B．care about C．talk about D．ask about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：父母总是非常关心他们的孩子，以至于他们愿意为孩子做任何事情。 know about了解；care about关心；talk about谈论；ask about询问。根据后半句“they can do anything for them”可知，父母愿意为孩子做任何事，体现了父母对孩子的在乎与关心。 6．The population of our hometown is ________ than ________ of yours. A．more; this B．more; that C．larger; this D．larger; that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们家乡的人口比你们家乡的人口更多。 修饰“population（人口）”的大小，要用形容词large/big，其比较级为larger，不能用more；在比较级句型中，指代前面出现的同类不可数名词（此处指代the population），常用that，而this通常指代近处或即将提到的事物，因此用larger; that，符合语境。 7．—I thought Mary was shy, but she’s actually very talkative. —Yeah, you can’t judge a person’s ________ by his or her appearance. A．personality B．hobby C．skill D．performance 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我以为玛丽很害羞，但她实际上很健谈。——是啊，你不能通过外表来判断一个人的性格。 personality性格；hobby爱好；skill技能；performance表现。根据“shy”和“talkative”可知，这是在描述人的性格特征。故选personality。 8．When I cleaned my room, I found my lost watch ________. A．by accident B．by mistake C．by myself D．by the way 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我打扫我的房间时，我意外地找到了我丢失的手表。 by accident意外地、偶然地；by mistake错误地；by myself独自地、靠自己；by the way顺便说一下。根据“When I cleaned my room, I found my lost watch”可知，在打扫房间时发现丢失的手表属于偶然发生的事件，应填by accident。 9．—Can you ________ the apples on the tree? —Oh, sorry. I’m a little short. A．reach for B．look for C．pay for D．prepare for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能够到树上的苹果吗？——哦，抱歉。我有点矮。 reach for伸手去够；look for寻找；pay for支付；prepare for准备。根据“I’m a little short’"可知，因个子矮而够不到，因此应选reach for。 10．Parents shouldn’t ________ their kids with others. Everyone is special in the world. A．compare B．fill C．enjoy D．help 【答案】A 【详解】句意：父母不应该拿自己的孩子和别人比较。每个人在世界上都是独特的。 考查动词辨析。compare比较；fill填满；enjoy享受；help帮助。根据后句“Everyone is special in the world.”可知，此处强调不要“比较”孩子，因为每个人都是独特的。故选A。 二、根据汉语填写短语 1．____ ____ Mr Lee, I became more confident. (归功于) 【答案】Thanks to 【详解】句意：归功于李老师，我变得更自信了。根据括号内的中文提示“归功于”，thanks to是表示“归功于；多亏”的常用短语，常用来引出导致积极结果的原因。由于该短语位于句首，首字母T需要大写。故填Thanks to。 2．Jimmy likes watching films ________ ________ (例如) action movies and scary movies. 【答案】 such as 【详解】句意：吉米喜欢看电影，例如动作片和恐怖片。根据“action movies and scary movies”提示，且空格后没有逗号，需填表示列举的介词短语such as“例如”，在句中作状语。 3．I met my old friend on the street _________ _________ (偶然，巧合). 【答案】 by chance/accident 【详解】句意：我在街上偶然遇到了我的老朋友。横线处需要填入表示“偶然、巧合”的短语，固定短语“by chance/accident”恰好对应“偶然、巧合”的含义，在句中作状语，修饰“met”这一动作，故填by；chance/accident。 4．Don’t argue with your parents. They truly ________ ________ (关心) you. 【答案】 care about 【详解】句意：别和你的父母争吵。他们真的关心你。“关心”常见的英文表达是care about，在本句中，句子时态是一般现在时，主语They是复数，所以动词用原形。 5．Don’t be afraid to ________ ________ ________ (犯错误) in learning. 【答案】 make a mistake 【详解】句意：在学习中不要害怕犯错误。根据中文提示可知，“犯错误”对应的英文短语是make a mistake，be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”，to后跟动词原形，所以此处make用原形。 6．Some dinosaurs were _________ _________ _________ chickens. (和……一样小) 【答案】 as small as 【详解】句意：有些恐龙和鸡一样小。“和……一样……”as...as...，“小的”small，形容词作表语。故填as；small；as。 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The wind’s ________ (strong) was so powerful that it blew down many trees. 【答案】strength 【详解】句意：风的力量太强大了，以至于吹倒了许多树。句子中The wind’s所有格结构后面通常需要跟一个名词，而形容词strong的名词形式是strength，意为“力量、强度”。 2．There are many ________ (different) between my brother and me. 【答案】differences 【详解】句意：我和我的哥哥之间有很多不同之处。句中“many”修饰可数名词复数，“different”是形容词，其对应的名词形式是“difference”，复数形式为“differences”。 3．I can see a ________ (similar) between your idea and his. 【答案】similarity 【详解】句意：我能看出你的想法和他的想法之间有相似之处。空格前有不定冠词a，说明这里需要填一个名词。文中提示词similar是形容词，意为“相似的”，它的名词形式是similarity，表示“相似点、相似之处”，故填similarity。 4．Kunming has a ________ temperature all year round. (pleasure) 【答案】pleasant 【详解】句意：昆明全年都有宜人的气温。空格前是不定冠词a，后是名词temperature，需要一个形容词来修饰名词temperature。pleasure是名词，意为“快乐、愉快”；其形容词是pleasant，意为“令人愉快的、宜人的”，正好可以用来形容气温宜人。故填pleasant。 5．I followed every ________ (direct) step by step, from cutting wood to fixing boards. 【答案】direction 【详解】句意：我一步一步地遵循每个指示，从切割木材到固定木板。direct“指导”，为动词，此处放在every后作宾语，指“每一个指导/指示”，应用其名词形式direction，意为“指示、说明”。故填direction。 6．—Could you please open the windows?   —With ________ (please). 【答案】pleasure 【详解】句意：——能请你打开窗户吗？——乐意效劳。根据“With”是介词可知，空处用名词作宾语，with pleasure是固定短语，表示“乐意效劳”。故填pleasure。 7．We should value the ________ (friend) between us. 【答案】friendship 【详解】句意：我们应该珍惜我们之间的友谊。根据句意可推知，此处是指珍惜彼此之间的友谊。需将“friend”转换为表示“友谊”的名词“friendship”。故填friendship。 四、完形填空 Fiona was a popular girl at school. She tried to be 1 to everyone and often gave presents to her classmates. However, 2 changed on International Day of Friendship. That day, the teacher asked everyone to make three hand-made presents and give 3 to their three best friends. Fiona spent an hour 4 colorful cards for her chosen classmates, feeling 5 about the day. When the present-giving started, Fiona gave her cards to her friends and sat 6 when others gave out their gifts. But she soon found she was the 7 one who didn’t get anything! She hadn’t expected this at all and felt so 8 that she ran to the playground and cried. Later, many classmates came to cheer her up, but each stayed only a few 9 —just as she had done to others before, never staying long to listen or help. Fiona walked home with a heavy heart. That night, she told her mother about what 10 . Her mother hugged her and said, “My dear, you can’t 11 true friends with a quick smile or a small gift. 12 you want someone to care about you, you must first spend time caring about them. A true friend is someone you can 13 in both happy and hard times.” Hearing this, Fiona decided to 14 her ways to finally have some true friends. As she lay in bed that night, she thought about her 15 who was always there for her, encouraged her and loved her deeply. That was what made a true friend! Fiona smiled happily, realizing she already had the best friend anyone could ever hope for. 1．A．kind B．strange C．important D．honest 2．A．nothing B．everything C．nobody D．somebody 3．A．it B．him C．her D．them 4．A．buying B．breaking C．making D．covering 5．A．excited B．nervous C．mad D．careful 6．A．angrily B．seriously C．comfortably D．hopefully 7．A．second B．only C．last D．next 8．A．confident B．happy C．sad D．bored 9．A．minutes B．hours C．months D．years 10．A．imagined B．disappeared C．happened D．mentioned 11．A．lose B．get C．describe D．protect 12．A．When B．As C．If D．After 13．A．focus on B．argue with C．fight with D．depend on 14．A．change B．keep C．share D．separate 15．A．partner B．mother C．teacher D．friend 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【解析】本文讲述了学校里受欢迎的女孩Fiona，常在交友中表现友好。国际友谊日时，她未收到礼物，由此意识到以往交友方式的不足。妈妈的教导让她明白真正友谊需要付出时间和关心，最终Fiona意识到自己的妈妈就是最好的朋友，决定改变交友方式以收获真正的友谊。 1．句意：她努力对每个人友善，还经常给同学们送礼物。 根据前文“Fiona was a popular girl at school.”以及生活常识，受欢迎的女孩通常对人友善，“be kind to sb.”表示“对某人友善”，此处用“kind”。 2．句意：然而，在国际友谊日这一天，一切都改变了。 第一段提到Fiona常对人友善，后文说在国际友谊日发生了一些改变，“everything changed”表示“一切都改变了”，符合语境，此处用“everything”。 3．句意：那天，老师让每个人都做三件手工礼物，送给自己的三位挚友。 这里指代前文的“three hand-made presents”，是复数，用“them”指代。 4．句意：菲奥娜花了一个小时为她挑选的同学们制作彩色卡片，对这一天满怀期待。 由“colorful cards”可知是制作彩色卡片，“make”有“制作”的意思。 5．句意：菲奥娜花了一个小时为她挑选的同学们制作色彩缤纷的卡片，对这一天满怀期待。 前文说Fiona花一小时制作卡片送给朋友，对这一天应该是充满期待、兴奋的，“excited”表示“兴奋的”，符合语境。 6．句意：当送礼环节开始时，菲奥娜把卡片送给了朋友们，满怀期待地坐着，看着其他人分发礼物。 当送礼物开始，Fiona送出卡片后应该是满怀希望地坐着等别人送她礼物，“hopefully”表示“满怀希望地”。 7．句意：但她很快发现自己是唯一一个什么都没收到的人！ 根据后文“She hadn’t expected this at all”可知她没料到自己没收到礼物，她是唯一一个没收到东西的人，“only”表示“唯一的”。 8．句意：她完全没有料到会发生这样的事，难过极了，于是跑到操场上哭了起来。 收不到礼物且被忽视，自然是sad“难过的”。 9．句意：后来，许多同学都来安慰她，但每个人只待了几分钟——就像她以前对待别人那样，从来不会长时间停留倾听或帮忙。 很多同学来安慰她，但都只待了几分钟就走了，“minutes”表示“分钟”，说明时间很短，符合语境，所以选“minutes”。 10．句意：那天晚上，她把发生的事告诉了妈妈。 Fiona把发生的事告诉妈妈，“what happened”表示“发生了什么”，此处用“happened”。 11．句意：她妈妈拥抱了她，说道：“亲爱的，你没法用一个匆匆的微笑或者一份小礼物换来真正的朋友。” 妈妈说不能仅靠微笑或小礼物赢得真正的朋友，“get”有“获得、得到”的意思，get true friends符合语境。 12．句意：如果你想让别人关心你，你首先得花时间去关心他们。 “如果你想让别人关心你，你必须先花时间关心他们”，这里表示假设，用“if”引导条件状语从句。 13．句意：真正的朋友，是无论顺境逆境你都能依靠的人。 depend on意为“依靠、信赖”，符合友谊的定义。focus on (关注)、argue with (争吵)、fight with (打架) 不符。 14．听到这些，Fiona 决定改变她的方式，以便最终拥有一些真正的朋友。 她意识到了以前的做法不对，所以要change“改变”。change one’s ways改变做法、改变待人方式。 15．句意：那天晚上，当她躺在床上时，她想起了母亲——那位始终陪伴在她身边、鼓励她、深深爱着她的人。 前文是母亲在开导她，且最后一句说她已经拥有了最好的朋友，指的就是刚才给她建议和拥抱的母亲。此处用“mother”。 五、阅读理解 Lily and Emma are best friends in Grade Eight. They are both 14 years old, but they have many differences. Let’s learn about them!​ First, let’s look at their looks. Lily is 1.6 meters tall, and Emma is 1.55 meters tall. So Lily is taller than Emma. Emma has longer hair than Lily—Emma’s hair reaches her shoulders (肩膀), but Lily’s hair is only to her chin (下巴). Lily wears glasses, but Emma doesn’t. Some classmates say Emma’s eyes are bigger and brighter than Lily’s.​ Then, their personalities are different too. Lily is quieter than Emma. She likes reading in the library and enjoys being alone sometimes. Emma is more outgoing. She loves talking to people and always joins school activities. At parties, Emma is usually the most active one, while Lily sits and chats with a few close friends.​ Their hobbies also show big differences. Lily is better at writing than Emma. She won the school writing competition last year. Emma is more athletic. She runs faster than most girls in her grade and plays volleyball very well. Her volleyball team got the first prize in the city match.​ Even though they are different, they help each other. Lily helps Emma with her writing, and Emma teaches Lily to play volleyball. They think their friendship is the most precious thing in their school life. 1．How is Emma’s hair different from Lily’s? A．Emma’s hair is shorter than Lily’s. B．Emma’s hair is longer than Lily’s. C．Emma’s hair is as long as Lily’s. D．Emma’s hair is the longest in the class. 2．Who is more outgoing according to the passage?​ A．Lily. B．Both Lily and Emma. C．Emma. D．Neither of them. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about their hobbies? A．Lily runs faster than Emma. B．Emma is better at writing than Lily. C．Lily won a writing competition. D．Emma’s volleyball team got second place. 4．What does the underlined word “precious” probably mean? A．Valuable (珍贵的). B．Common. C．Cheap. D．Easy. 5．How do Lily and Emma help each other? A．Lily teaches Emma to read, and Emma helps Lily with sports. B．Lily helps Emma with writing, and Emma teaches Lily volleyball. C．Lily helps Emma with volleyball, and Emma teaches Lily writing. D．Lily teaches Emma to write, and Emma helps Lily with reading. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了八年级的好朋友Lily和Emma，尽管她们在外貌、性格和爱好上存在许多差异，但她们依然互相帮助，彼此珍惜这份友谊。 1．根据第二段中“Emma has longer hair than Lily”可知，Emma的头发比Lily长。 2．根据第三段中“Emma is more outgoing”可知，Emma更外向。 3．根据第四段中“She (Lily) won the school writing competition last year”可知，Lily赢得了写作比赛。 4．根据最后一段语境，两人互相帮助，友谊应当是“珍贵的”。Valuable意为“珍贵的”，符合文意。 5．根据最后一段中“Lily helps Emma with her writing, and Emma teaches Lily to play volleyball”可知，Lily帮Emma写作，Emma教Lily排球。 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Friends are very important in everyone’s life because friends are always there when we need them. It’s great 1 (have) many friends, and I can’t think about my life without my friends. My best friend is Lisa. When I first 2 (meet) her, I was five. She is one year older than me. 3 now she is in the same class 4 me, in the 8th grade. She is taller and 5 (thin) than most girls in our class. She has long curly blond hair and blue eyes. I am not so beautiful. Sometimes I wish I could be as 6 (beautiful) as she is. My name’s Molly. I am tall enough but 7 little fatter than Lisa. Lisa and I like doing a lot of things together and 8 (talk) about different things. She always 9 (help) me with my maths and I sometimes help her with her English and history. Lisa is the 10 (friend) in our class and everybody loves her. She is also smart and she can deal with everything. I am happy to have a friend like her. 【答案】 1．to have 2．met 3．But 4．as 5．thinner 6．beautiful 7．a 8．talking 9．helps 10．friendliest 【解析】本文主要描述了作者与她最好的朋友Lisa之间的友谊，包括她们的外貌、性格以及相互帮助的情况。 1．句意：拥有很多朋友是很棒的，我无法想象没有朋友的生活。根据“It’s great…(have) many friends”可知，此处是it’s + 形容词+ to do sth.结构，表示“做某事是……的”，所以此处应填to have“有”。故填to have。 2．句意：当我第一次遇见她时，我五岁。根据“When I first…(meet) her, I was five.”可知，句子是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式met“遇见”。故填met。 3．句意：但是现在她和我在同一个班级，上八年级。根据“She is one year older than me…now she is in the same class…me”可知，前后是转折关系，用but“但是”连接，位于句首首字母大写。故填But。 4．句意：但是现在她和我在同一个班级，上八年级。根据“in the same class…me”可知，此处是the same...as...结构，表示“和……一样的……”，此处表示“她和我在同一个班级”。故填as。 5．句意：她比我们班大多数女孩都高，也更瘦。根据“She is taller and…(thin) than most girls”可知，此处应填形容词比较级thinner“更瘦的”。故填thinner。 6．句意：有时我希望我能像她一样漂亮。根据“as…(beautiful) as she is”可知，此处是as+形容词原级+as结构，表示“和……一样……”，此处表示“和她一样漂亮”。故填beautiful。 7．句意：我足够高，但是比Lisa胖一点。根据“…little fatter than Lisa”可知，此处表示“胖一点”，用a little修饰比较级fatter，此处表示“比Lisa胖一点”。故填a。 8．句意：Lisa和我喜欢一起做很多事情，谈论不同的事情。根据“like doing a lot of things together and…(talk) about different things”可知，此处是and连接的并列结构，与doing对应，所以此处应填talk的动名词talking“谈论”。故填talking。 9．句意：她总是帮助我学习数学，我有时帮助她学习英语和历史。根据“She always…(help) me with my maths”可知，句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式helps“帮助”。故填helps。 10．句意：Lisa是我们班最友好的，每个人都喜欢她。根据“in our class”可知，此处是三者以上的比较，用形容词最高级friendliest“最友好的”。故填friendliest。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲 Unit 3 Same or Different （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能认读、拼写并运用与人物外貌、性格、爱好、能力对比相关的重点词汇与短语，熟练朗读单元对话和短文。 2.能掌握本单元核心交际句型，熟练运用句型谈论自己与他人的相同点与不同点，描述人物特征与能力差异。 3.能听懂围绕人物异同对比展开的对话，精准抓取听力中的人物特征、能力、爱好及对比关系等关键信息。 4.能读懂介绍人物异同、朋友特质对比的简短语篇，理解文章主旨与细节内容，梳理人物之间的差异与共性。 5.能运用所学词汇和句型，口头、书面描述自己与同学、朋友的相同之处与不同之处，完成情景对话、人物对比短文写作等任务。 学习重点 1.掌握谈论人物外貌、性格、爱好、能力异同的核心对比句型，并能灵活进行问答、对比描述与转述。 2.熟记单元重点词汇、短语，掌握形容词、副词比较级以及同级比较（as...as）的含义与基本用法。 3.掌握形容词、副词原级、比较级在人物特征、能力对比语境中的句式结构与运用规则。 学习难点 1.准确区分形容词、副词原级与比较级的语义差别，掌握比较级的规则变化与不规则变化，结合语境正确选用比较句式。 2.结合生活场景，连贯、完整地用英语对比描述自己与他人的特质、爱好和能力，做到语句通顺、对比逻辑清晰。 3.在口语和写作中，综合运用词汇、对比句型与比较级语法，自然、精准地表达人物的相同点与不同点，规避比较对象不一致等语法错误。 1、How are we different from each other?我们有什么不同？ 【详解】 be different from（与…… 不同）；反义词组：the same ……as（与…… 相同） My schoolbag is different from yours.（我的书包和你的不同。） =My schoolbag isn’t the same as yours. 【拓展】different 的名词difference（不同点） 【典例】This new pen ________ the old one. They have different colours. A．is the same as B．is different from C．same as D．different from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这支新钢笔和旧的那支不一样。它们颜色不同。 固定短语 the same as、be different from 必须搭配 be 动词才可作谓语；A 选项含义为 “与…… 相同”，和后文 “颜色不同” 逻辑冲突；C、D 两项缺少 be 动词，句子结构残缺，故选 B。 【即练1】My bike isn’t the same as Tom’s. It means my bike ________ Tom’s. A．is same as B．different from C．is different from D．are different from 【即练2】Can you tell me one ________ between the two cats? A．different B．differences C．difference D．differently 2、Compare people and things.比较人和事物。 【解析】compare v. 比较；对比 【短语词组】 ①compare to  与……比较 ②compare... with...  把……与……相比 My room is bigger compared to yours. 我的房间和你的相比更大 Compare your answer with the model. 把你的答案和范文对比 【词汇拓展】 comparison n. 比较 comparable adj. 可比较的；比得上的 【典例】Please ________ your answers ________ the model answers before handing in your paper. A．compare; to B．compare; with C．comparing; with D．compared; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：交卷前请把你的答案和参考答案对照一下。 本句为祈使句，句首用动词原形，排除 C、D；compare...with... 表示 “把…… 与…… 对比”，侧重仔细比对差异；compare to 多表示把某物比作另一物，此处是对照答案，用 compare...with...，故选 B。 【即练1】In ________, the new library is much brighter than the old one. A．compare B．comparable C．comparison D．compared 【即练2】These two paintings are ________ in style, so many people mix them up. A．compare B．comparison C．comparable D．comparing 3、Chen Jie is afraid of performing alone. 【详解】（1）“afraid”是形容词，常见用法如下： ①be afraid of (doing) sth.表示“害怕（做）某事”，强调对某事物或某种情况的恐惧。 She is afraid of snakes.（她害怕蛇。） I'm afraid of making mistakes.（我害怕犯错。） ②be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢做某事”，侧重因害怕而不敢去做某事。 He is afraid to go out alone at night.（他不敢在晚上独自出门。） ③be afraid that...表示“担心……，恐怕……”，后接宾语从句。 I'm afraid that I can't come to the party.（我恐怕不能来参加派对了。） ④I'm afraid so/not 这是一种常用的口语表达。“I'm afraid so.”表示“恐怕是这样”；“I'm afraid not.”表示“恐怕不是这样”“恐怕不行”。 “Is it going to rain tomorrow?”“I'm afraid so.”（“明天会下雨吗？”“恐怕会。”） “Can you help me with this problem?”“I'm afraid not.”（“你能帮我解决这个问题吗？”“恐怕不行。”） 【典例】The little girl is afraid ______ the dark, so she is afraid ______ out alone at night. A．of; going B．to; to go C．of; to go D．to; going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个小女孩害怕黑暗，所以她不敢晚上独自外出。 be afraid of sth. 害怕某物；be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事。第一空后是名词 the dark，用 of；第二空后是动作，需用不定式 to go，故选 C。 【即练1】—Can you go shopping with me this afternoon? —______. I have to finish my homework first. A．I'm afraid so B．I'm afraid not C．I afraid not D．I'm afraid 【即练2】I'm afraid ______ I can't attend your birthday party this Saturday. A．of B．to C．that D．what （2）alone（独自的 / 地） 形容词：表示 “独自一人”（无情感色彩）。lonely孤独的，有感情色彩。 【拓展】“alone”和“lonely”辨析 ①alone：强调客观上的“独自，单独”，没有其他人或事物陪伴。 He likes to stay alone in his room.（他喜欢独自待在房间里。） ②lonely：侧重于主观上的“孤独，寂寞”，强调内心的感受，通常表示因缺乏陪伴而感到悲伤或凄凉。 The old man feels lonely because his children are far away.（这位老人因为孩子们离得远而感到孤独。） 【注意】lonely：是形容词，常作定语或表语。作定语时，意为“荒凉的，偏僻的”。 a lonely village（一个偏僻的村庄）。 【典例】Though he lives ______, he never feels ______. A．lonely; alone B．alone; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; lonely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然他独自居住，但他从不感到孤独。 alone 侧重客观上独自一人；lonely 侧重主观内心孤独。live alone 表示独自居住；feel lonely 表示感到孤单，故选 B。 【即练1】We passed a ______ mountain village on our way. Few people live there. A．alone B．lonely C．quietly D．singly 【即练2】The little boy stayed ______ in the house, but he wasn’t ______. A．lonely; alone B．alone; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; lonely 4、I’m not as outgoing as you. 【详解】① 结构与用法 肯定形式：A + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + B （A和B一样.......） Your bag is as heavy as mine.（你的包和我的一样重。） 否定形式：A + not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + B （A不如B） This problem is not as difficult as I thought.（这个问题没有我想象的难。） He doesn't run so fast as his friend.（他跑得不如朋友快。） ②原级与比较级互换 A + not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + B =A+形容词反义词的比较级 + than + B =B + 形容词的比较级 + than + A He isn’t as tall as me.他没有我高.=He is shorter than me.=I am taller than him . 【典例】This book isn’t ________ useful ________ that magazine. A．as; so B．so; as C．so; so D．more; than 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本书不如那本杂志有用。 否定形式的原级比较可用 not as/so + 形容词原级 + as；so...as 多用于否定句，构成固定搭配 not so...as。A、C 搭配不符合语法，D 选项为比较级搭配，不能和题干结构匹配，故选 B。 【即练1】Bob isn’t as strong as Mike. Which of the following has the same meaning? A．Bob is stronger than Mike. B．Mike is weaker than Bob. C．Mike is stronger than Bob. D．Bob is as strong as Mike. 【即练2】Lily draws ________ carefully ________ her deskmate. They get good grades. A．as; as B．so; as C．as; so D．more; as 5、They solve the problem by playing together. 【详解】（1）solve（解决），及物动词，后接问题、困难等（如 problem, difficulty）,相当于work out。 Can you help me solve this problem ？（你能帮我解决这个难题吗？） =Can you help me work out this problem ? 【拓展】solve的名词solution（解决方案） （2）by doing（通过做……）用法：表示方式或方法，后接动名词。 You can learn English by watching videos.（你可以通过看视频学英语。） 【注意】对by doing sth 划线提问，疑问词用how。 【典例】No one can ________ the difficult math problem in our class. A．solution B．solve C．solving D．solved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们班上没人能解出这道数学难题。 情态动词 can 后需要使用动词原形；solution 是名词，意为 “解决方案”；solving 是动名词 / 现在分词；solved 是动词过去式 / 过去分词，均不能放在 can 后，故选 B。 【即练1】We should ________ the problem before the meeting starts. A．work out B．work for C．work with D．work on 【即练2】Who can come up with a useful ________ to the difficulty? A．solve B．solving C．solution D．solved 6、They won the first prize in the school music festival. 【详解】win（赢） ，win + 比赛 / 奖项（如 game, competition, prize）； Our team won the basketball match.（我们队赢了篮球比赛。） 【拓展】win,beat和lose区别 ①win：表示获胜、赢得，其宾语通常是比赛、奖品、荣誉等，如“win a game”（赢得一场比赛），“win a prize”（获得一个奖项）。 ②beat：意为打败、战胜，其宾语通常是竞争对手，如“beat the opponent”（打败对手），“beat the team”（战胜这个团队）。 ③lose：表示输掉、失败，与“win”相反，其宾语可以是比赛、战斗等，如“lose a match”（输掉一场比赛），“lose the battle”（输掉战斗）。 【典例】We ________ their swimming team in the final last Sunday. A．won B．beat C．lost D．got 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周日的决赛中我们打败了他们的游泳队。 win 后接比赛、奖项；beat 后接人、队伍等对手；lost 意为输掉，got 意为得到。空格后宾语是 their swimming team（对手队伍），需用 beat，故选 B。 【即练1】My cousin ________ a big prize in the painting competition. A．beat B．won C．lost D．missed 【即练2】They practiced every day, but they ________ the basketball game yesterday. A．won B．beat C．lost D．caught 7、I took part in the school music festival. 【详解】take part in（参加），后接活动、比赛等（如 competition, activity）。 I took part in the painting competition last week.（我上周参加了绘画比赛。） 【拓展】take part in 与join 的区别 ①“take part in”后面接活动等名词作宾语，不能接人。 She took part in the singing competition.（她参加了歌唱比赛。） ②“join”是及物动词，后面接组织、团体的名词，也可以接人，表示加入某人或与某人一起做某事。 He joined the Party last year.（他去年入党了。） Will you join us for dinner?（你愿意和我们一起吃晚饭吗？） 【典例】Many students will ________ the school sports meeting next Friday. A．join B．take part in C．join in D．take part 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下周五许多学生将要参加学校运动会。 join 后接团体、组织或者人；take part in 后接大型活动、比赛；take part 缺少介词 in，结构不完整；join in 多用于小型临时活动。the school sports meeting 是学校大型活动，用 take part in，故选 B。 【即练1】Would you like to ________ us to climb the mountain this weekend? A．take part in B．join C．join in D．take part 【即练2】My brother wants to ________ the basketball club after school. A．join B．take part in C．take part D．joined 8、Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival! 【详解】congratulate动词，祝贺；结构：congratulate sb. on sth.（祝贺某人某事） We all congratulated him on winning the competition. （我们都祝贺他赢得比赛。） I want to congratulate you on your graduation. （我想祝贺你毕业。） 常用复数形式：Congratulations! （单独使用表示祝贺） Congratulations on your birthday! （祝你生日快乐！） 【典例】— I passed the important exam yesterday! — ________! A．Congratulation B．Congratulates C．Congratulations D．Congratulate 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 我昨天通过那场重要考试了！—— 祝贺你！ 单独表达祝贺要用复数形式 Congratulations；Congratulation 为单数形式，不能单独使用；Congratulates 是动词第三人称单数；Congratulate 是动词原形，均无法单独用于答语表达祝贺，故选 C。 【即练1】We congratulate her ________ getting the first prize. A．in B．on C．for D．at 【即练2】I’d like to congratulate you ________ your new job. A．on B．to C．with D．about 9、You attended the festival last year and this year. 【详解】attend动词，参加 / 出席 My father will attend the parents' meeting tomorrow.（我爸爸明天要参加家长会。） 【拓展】take part in, join 和attend区别 ①take part in：侧重于参与某个活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用，强调参与活动的过程，常指参加群众性活动、会议、比赛等。 She took part in the school play.（她参加了学校的戏剧演出。） ②attend：通常用于指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、讲座、课程等，更强调出席这一动作，不一定强调在活动中发挥作用。He will attend a lecture on history tomorrow.（他明天将参加一个关于历史的讲座。） ③join：强调加入某个组织、团体或人群，成为其中的一员。也可用于表示加入某人做某事。 He joined the club last year.（他去年加入了俱乐部。） Will you join us for a walk?（你愿意和我们一起去散步吗？） 【典例】All parents are asked to ________ the parents' meeting this Friday afternoon. A．join B．take part in C．attend D．join in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：所有家长被要求本周五下午出席家长会。 attend 侧重出席会议、讲座等，只强调到场；join 后接团体或人；take part in 侧重亲身参与并发挥作用的活动；join in 多指小型活动。the parents' meeting 是会议，用 attend，故选 C。 【即练1】I want to ________ the running race and try my best to win. A．attend B．join C．take part in D．join to 【即练2】Tom decided to ________ the music group and practice singing every day. A．attend B．join C．take part in D．attend in 10、Besides singing, how do you both spend your spare time? 【详解】（1）besides除...之外（还有）（包括在内） Besides math, I also like physics. （除了数学，我还喜欢物理。） 【拓展】besides与except区别 ①besides：表示“除……之外（还有）”，即包括在整体之内，强调除此之外还有其他的。 Besides English, he also studies French.（除了英语，他还学习法语。）说明他既学英语也学法语。 ②except：表示“除……之外（不包括）”，即从整体中排除出去。 Everyone is here except Tom.（除了汤姆，大家都在这儿。）意味着汤姆不在这儿。 （2）spare空闲的 / 抽出 ①作形容词，表示“空闲的；多余的”。 I have no spare time this week.（我这周没有空闲时间。） ②作动词，有“抽出；匀出”的意思，常与时间、金钱等搭配。 Can you spare me a few minutes?（你能为我抽出几分钟时间吗？） 【拓展】常见搭配：spare time 空闲时间；in one's spare time 在某人空闲时 【典例】________ English, she learns two other foreign languages. A．Except B．Besides C．Without D．Outside 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除了英语之外，她还学习另外两门外语。 besides 意为 “除…… 之外（还有）”，包含后面提到的事物；except 表示 “除…… 之外”，不包含该事物；without（没有）、outside（在外面）不符合语境。句中说明英语是她学习的语种之一，还有其他语言，用 Besides，故选 B。 【即练1】All the students went hiking ________ Jack. He was ill at home. A．besides B．except C．with D．for 【即练2】—What subjects do you study? —I study Chinese, math and history. ________ them, I also learn chemistry. A．Except B．Beside C．Besides D．Expect 11、Our pleasure! 【详解】pleasure名词，愉快/荣幸/令人愉快的事。 She read the book with pleasure.（她愉快地读着这本书。） It's a pleasure to meet you.（见到你很高兴。） 【固定搭配】常见的有“with pleasure”（乐意地，愉快地），“my pleasure”（不客气，这是我的荣幸）等。“Could you help me?”“With pleasure.”（“你能帮我一下吗？”“乐意效劳。”） 【拓展】 ①动词 please意为“使高兴，使满意”。 It pleases me to see you looking happy.（看到你一副快乐的样子我很高兴。） ②“pleasure”的形容词形式有“pleasant”和“pleased”。 pleasant：表示“令人愉快的；宜人的；有趣的”，常用来形容事物或人给人的感觉。 We had a pleasant trip.（我们有一次愉快的旅行。） pleased：意为“高兴的；满意的”，通常用来描述人的感受。 I'm very pleased with my new job.（我对我的新工作很满意。） 【典例】—Thank you for helping me carry the box! —________. A．With pleasure B．My pleasure C．Pleased D．Pleasant 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 谢谢你帮我搬箱子！—— 不客气。 With pleasure 用于回应别人的请求，表示乐意效劳；My pleasure 用于回应感谢，表示不客气；Pleased（感到开心的）、Pleasant（令人愉悦的）均无法单独作答语回应感谢，故选 B。 【即练1】—Could you pass me that notebook? —________. A．My pleasure B．With pleasure C．Pleasure D．Pleased 【即练2】We spent a ________ afternoon walking along the lake. A．pleased B．please C．pleasant D．pleasure 12、Are you more serious than your cousin? 【详解】（1）比较级句型（A 比 B 更...） 结构：A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than + B 形容词比较级： This book is more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本有趣。） My sister is taller than me.（我姐姐比我高。） 副词比较级： She runs faster than her brother.（她跑得比弟弟快。） Tom studies more carefully than before.（汤姆学习比以前更认真。） （2）serious”是形容词，表示“严肃的；认真的”“重要的；需认真对待的” He is a serious man.（他是个严肃的人。） 【短语搭配】 “be serious about”表示“对……认真；严肃对待”。 He is serious about his work.（他对工作很认真。） 【典例】This story is ________ than that one. A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个故事比那个故事更有趣。 句中出现比较级标志词 than，需要使用形容词比较级；interesting 是多音节形容词，比较级形式为 more interesting。A 是原级，C、D 是最高级，不符合此处句型要求，故选 B。 【即练1】Linda sings ________ loudly ________ her deskmate. A．more; than B．much; then C．more; then D．most; than 【即练2】My father drives ________ carefully ________ my mother. A．more; than B．much; than C．more; then D．most; than 13、The population of Chicago was larger than that of Guangzhou in 2022. 【详解】 （1）population意为“人口，人口数量”， ①作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 The population of China is 1.4 billion .(中国人口有14亿） ②形容人口的多少用large/big和small。 The population of China is larger than that of America.（中国人口比美国人口要多。） ③询问某国、某地有多少人口的句型：What is the population of…?，不能用how many /how much What’s the population of Hubei? （湖北人口有多少？） ④表示“某地有多少人口”用“…has a population of…”或“The population of…is…”。 China has a population of 1.4 billion .(中国人口有14亿） （2）比较级中that的用法 用法: 在比较级中代替前文提到的单数名词；如果代替前文的复数名词，则使用those. 原句：The weather in Wuhan is hotter than the weather in Beijing. 简化：The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.（武汉的天气比北京热。） The apples in this basket are bigger than those in that basket. （这个篮子里的苹果比那个篮子里的大。） 【典例】—________ the population of this city? —It’s about five million. A．How much is B．How many are C．What is D．What are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 这座城市的人口是多少？—— 大约五百万。 询问某地人口数量要用固定句型 “What is the population of...?”；how much/how many 不能用于提问 population；population 作主语谓语用单数 is，故选 C。 【即练1】The population of India is ________ than that of Australia. A．many B．much C．larger D．smaller 【即练2】This town ________ a population of thirty thousand. A．have B．has C．is D．are 14、Some people think that friends should be alike. 【详解】alike 形容词；意为“相似的，相像的”，常作表语，不能用于名词前作定语。 The two sisters look very much alike.（这两姐妹长得很像。） 【常见搭配】 ①“be alike in”表示“在……方面相似”。The two cars are alike in color.（这两辆车颜色相似。） ②“look alike”意为“看起来相像”。They look alike, but they have different personalities.（他们看起来相像，但性格不同。） 【典例】The twin brothers ________. It’s hard to tell them apart. A．are alike look B．look alike C．alike look D．look alike brothers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎兄弟长得很像，很难区分他们。 alike 作形容词只能作表语，固定搭配 look alike 表示 “看起来相像”。A、C 语序错误；D 中 alike 不能前置修饰名词 brothers，故选 B。 【即练1】These two houses ________ size and shape. A．are alike in B．alike are in C．are in alike D．in are alike 【即练2】Which sentence is correct? A．They are alike students. B．Alike children like this game. C．The two robots are alike. D．Alike they are. 15、Because of that, I try harder when I practice, and now I’m getting better at badminton. 【详解】（1）because of含义：因为；由于。 【辨析】because 与because of because of后面接名词、代词或动名词短语，表示原因。because后面接句子。 We didn't go to school because of the heavy rain.（因为大雨，我们没去上学。）=We didn’t go to school because it rained heavily. （2）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；努力的”；作副词时，意为“努力地；猛烈地”。 This math problem is very hard.（这道数学题很难。） The bed is too hard.（这床太硬了。） He works hard every day.（他每天努力工作。） It is raining hard outside.（外面雨下得很大。 【典例】He stayed at home ________ his bad cold. A．because B．because of C．so D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：因为重感冒，他待在了家里。 because 后接完整句子；because of 后接名词、代词或动名词短语。his bad cold 是名词短语，需用 because of；so（因此）、but（但是）逻辑不符，故选 B。 【即练1】She failed the exam ________ she didn’t study hard. A．because of B．because C．for D．with 【即练2】The sports meeting was put off ________ raining all day. A．because B．as C．because of D．since 16、Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 【详解】thanks to多亏；由于。表示原因，通常用于表达积极的结果。 Thanks to your help, I passed the exam.（多亏了你的帮助，我通过了考试。） 【辨析】thanks to与thanks for区别 ①thanks to：表示“多亏；由于”， Thanks to your help, we finished the work on time.（多亏了你的帮助，我们按时完成了工作。） ②thanks for：意为“因……而感谢”，用于表达对某人所做某事的感激之情。 Thanks for inviting me to the party.（谢谢你邀请我参加聚会。） 【典例】________ your advice, I found my lost key quickly. A．Thanks for B．Thanks to C．Thank you D．Thank to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多亏你的建议，我很快找到了丢失的钥匙。 thanks to 意为 “多亏，由于”，后接名词 / 代词引出带来好结果的原因；thanks for 表示 “因…… 感谢”；Thank you 后不能直接接名词；Thank to 为错误搭配。本句强调建议带来了好结果，用 Thanks to，故选 B。 【即练1】________ helping me with my English these days! A．Thanks to B．Thank to C．Thanks for D．Thank for 【即练2】—________ the warm coat, I didn’t feel cold outside. —________ lending it to me! A．Thanks for; Thanks to B．Thanks to; Thanks for C．Thank to; Thank for D．Thanks for; Thanks for 17、Now I think meeting new people is really fun. 【详解】（1）“I think + 句子”是一个常见的主从复合句结构，其中“I think”是主句，后面的句子是宾语从句，用来表达说话者的观点、想法或看法。 ①否定句，通常将否定词转移到主句的“think”上，即“否定前移”。 I don't think it will rain tomorrow.（我认为明天不会下雨。） ②一般疑问句，将“think”的助动词提前到句首。 Do you think she will come to the party?（你认为她会来参加派对吗？） （2） meeting new people是动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 Drinking milk every day is good for our health. （每天喝牛奶对我们健康有益。） 【典例】I ________ he ________ finish his homework on time. A．think; won’t B．don’t think; will C．don’t think; won’t D．not think; will 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为他不能按时完成他的作业。 主句主语为 I，谓语动词为 think 时，要遵循否定前移规则，否定词放在主句，从句用肯定形式。A 未进行否定前移；C 双重否定逻辑错误；D 缺少助动词 do，结构错误，故选 B。 【即练1】—________ you ________ Lily can join us? —Yes, I believe she will. A．Do; think B．Are; think C．Does; think D．Did; thinks 【即练2】Which sentence is correct? A．I think he isn’t right. B．I don’t think he is right. C．I not think he is right. D．I don’t think he isn’t right. 18、What really matters in a friendship? 【详解】（1）matter作名词 ①表示“事情；问题”，用于句型“What's the matter?”，用来询问“怎么了？出什么事了？” ②意为“物质”，是不可数名词。 Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.（物质以三种状态存在：固态、液态和气态。） ③表示“重要性”，用于短语“no matter”，可单独使用，也可引导让步状语从句。 No matter, we can go there another day.（没关系，我们可以改天去那儿。） No matter what you say, I won't believe you.（无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。） （2）matter作动词, 意为“要紧；有关系”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。 It doesn't matter if you are late.（你迟到没关系。） Does it matter what I wear?（我穿什么要紧吗？） 【典例】—________? You look upset. —I lost my new pen. A．What matter B．What’s the matter C．How matter D．How’s the matter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 怎么了？你看起来闷闷不乐。—— 我弄丢了我的新钢笔。 固定句型 What’s the matter? 用于询问对方出了什么状况。A、C 缺少 be 动词且搭配错误；D 不存在此表达，故选 B。 【即练1】________ you choose, I will support you. A．No matter what B．No matter how C．What no matter D．How no matter 【即练2】—Sorry for breaking your cup. —________. A．It matters B．It doesn’t matter C．That matter D．That doesn’t matters 一、单项选择 1．—The boy didn’t come to school ________ the bad weather, right? —No, ________ he was ill. A．because, because of B．because of, because C．because, because D．because of, because of 2．—Hi, Lucy. What’s the ________ between the two computers? —The black one is more beautiful and faster than the white one. A．difference B．surprise C．problem D．danger 3．—I don’t think my brother is ________ me. He often forgets things. —That’s true. He needs to be more attentive. A．less careful than B．so careless as C．as careful as D．more careless than 4．—What a terrible rain! We can’t go camping today, Mum. —In this ________, we can do nothing but stay at home. A．opinion B．budget C．situation D．connection 5．Parents always ________ their children so much that they can do anything for them. A．know about B．care about C．talk about D．ask about 6．The population of our hometown is ________ than ________ of yours. A．more; this B．more; that C．larger; this D．larger; that 7．—I thought Mary was shy, but she’s actually very talkative. —Yeah, you can’t judge a person’s ________ by his or her appearance. A．personality B．hobby C．skill D．performance 8．When I cleaned my room, I found my lost watch ________. A．by accident B．by mistake C．by myself D．by the way 9．—Can you ________ the apples on the tree? —Oh, sorry. I’m a little short. A．reach for B．look for C．pay for D．prepare for 10．Parents shouldn’t ________ their kids with others. Everyone is special in the world. A．compare B．fill C．enjoy D．help 二、根据汉语填写短语 1．____ ____ Mr Lee, I became more confident. (归功于) 2．Jimmy likes watching films ________ ________ (例如) action movies and scary movies. 3．I met my old friend on the street _________ _________ (偶然，巧合). 4．Don’t argue with your parents. They truly ________ ________ (关心) you. 5．Don’t be afraid to ________ ________ ________ (犯错误) in learning. 6．Some dinosaurs were _________ _________ _________ chickens. (和……一样小) 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The wind’s ________ (strong) was so powerful that it blew down many trees. 2．There are many ________ (different) between my brother and me. 3．I can see a ________ (similar) between your idea and his. 4．Kunming has a ________ temperature all year round. (pleasure) 5．I followed every ________ (direct) step by step, from cutting wood to fixing boards. 6．—Could you please open the windows?   —With ________ (please). 7．We should value the ________ (friend) between us. 四、完形填空 Fiona was a popular girl at school. She tried to be 1 to everyone and often gave presents to her classmates. However, 2 changed on International Day of Friendship. That day, the teacher asked everyone to make three hand-made presents and give 3 to their three best friends. Fiona spent an hour 4 colorful cards for her chosen classmates, feeling 5 about the day. When the present-giving started, Fiona gave her cards to her friends and sat 6 when others gave out their gifts. But she soon found she was the 7 one who didn’t get anything! She hadn’t expected this at all and felt so 8 that she ran to the playground and cried. Later, many classmates came to cheer her up, but each stayed only a few 9 —just as she had done to others before, never staying long to listen or help. Fiona walked home with a heavy heart. That night, she told her mother about what 10 . Her mother hugged her and said, “My dear, you can’t 11 true friends with a quick smile or a small gift. 12 you want someone to care about you, you must first spend time caring about them. A true friend is someone you can 13 in both happy and hard times.” Hearing this, Fiona decided to 14 her ways to finally have some true friends. As she lay in bed that night, she thought about her 15 who was always there for her, encouraged her and loved her deeply. That was what made a true friend! Fiona smiled happily, realizing she already had the best friend anyone could ever hope for. 1．A．kind B．strange C．important D．honest 2．A．nothing B．everything C．nobody D．somebody 3．A．it B．him C．her D．them 4．A．buying B．breaking C．making D．covering 5．A．excited B．nervous C．mad D．careful 6．A．angrily B．seriously C．comfortably D．hopefully 7．A．second B．only C．last D．next 8．A．confident B．happy C．sad D．bored 9．A．minutes B．hours C．months D．years 10．A．imagined B．disappeared C．happened D．mentioned 11．A．lose B．get C．describe D．protect 12．A．When B．As C．If D．After 13．A．focus on B．argue with C．fight with D．depend on 14．A．change B．keep C．share D．separate 15．A．partner B．mother C．teacher D．friend 五、阅读理解 Lily and Emma are best friends in Grade Eight. They are both 14 years old, but they have many differences. Let’s learn about them!​ First, let’s look at their looks. Lily is 1.6 meters tall, and Emma is 1.55 meters tall. So Lily is taller than Emma. Emma has longer hair than Lily—Emma’s hair reaches her shoulders (肩膀), but Lily’s hair is only to her chin (下巴). Lily wears glasses, but Emma doesn’t. Some classmates say Emma’s eyes are bigger and brighter than Lily’s.​ Then, their personalities are different too. Lily is quieter than Emma. She likes reading in the library and enjoys being alone sometimes. Emma is more outgoing. She loves talking to people and always joins school activities. At parties, Emma is usually the most active one, while Lily sits and chats with a few close friends.​ Their hobbies also show big differences. Lily is better at writing than Emma. She won the school writing competition last year. Emma is more athletic. She runs faster than most girls in her grade and plays volleyball very well. Her volleyball team got the first prize in the city match.​ Even though they are different, they help each other. Lily helps Emma with her writing, and Emma teaches Lily to play volleyball. They think their friendship is the most precious thing in their school life. 1．How is Emma’s hair different from Lily’s? A．Emma’s hair is shorter than Lily’s. B．Emma’s hair is longer than Lily’s. C．Emma’s hair is as long as Lily’s. D．Emma’s hair is the longest in the class. 2．Who is more outgoing according to the passage?​ A．Lily. B．Both Lily and Emma. C．Emma. D．Neither of them. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about their hobbies? A．Lily runs faster than Emma. B．Emma is better at writing than Lily. C．Lily won a writing competition. D．Emma’s volleyball team got second place. 4．What does the underlined word “precious” probably mean? A．Valuable (珍贵的). B．Common. C．Cheap. D．Easy. 5．How do Lily and Emma help each other? A．Lily teaches Emma to read, and Emma helps Lily with sports. B．Lily helps Emma with writing, and Emma teaches Lily volleyball. C．Lily helps Emma with volleyball, and Emma teaches Lily writing. D．Lily teaches Emma to write, and Emma helps Lily with reading. 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Friends are very important in everyone’s life because friends are always there when we need them. It’s great 1 (have) many friends, and I can’t think about my life without my friends. My best friend is Lisa. When I first 2 (meet) her, I was five. She is one year older than me. 3 now she is in the same class 4 me, in the 8th grade. She is taller and 5 (thin) than most girls in our class. She has long curly blond hair and blue eyes. I am not so beautiful. Sometimes I wish I could be as 6 (beautiful) as she is. My name’s Molly. I am tall enough but 7 little fatter than Lisa. Lisa and I like doing a lot of things together and 8 (talk) about different things. She always 9 (help) me with my maths and I sometimes help her with her English and history. Lisa is the 10 (friend) in our class and everybody loves her. She is also smart and she can deal with everything. I am happy to have a friend like her. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $