2025-2026学年河北高一英语下学期阶段测试人教版必修二Unit 4 History and Traditions单元测试（原创基础知识+能力提升)

**基本信息** 高一年级必修二第四单元检测，以文化传承与语言运用为核心，通过分层题型融合词汇巩固、阅读分析与语法应用，适配单元复习，提升语言能力与文化意识。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇知识|50分|核心词汇（如philosophy, transition）、固定搭配（如belong to, date back to）|四组选词填空聚焦单元主题词，补全句子强化介词与动词短语运用| |阅读|30分|文化类文本（伦敦东区移民史、威尼斯洪水保护）|含细节理解与推理判断，七选五考查语篇衔接，素材体现文化多样性| |语言运用|30分|语法（时态、非谓语、定语从句）、完形填空（英国历史）|语法填空以平遥古城修复为情境，完形填空串联历史脉络，突出思维品质培养|

2025-2026学年度高一年级必修二第四单元检测 考试时长：60分钟 满分：110分 基础知识部分 词汇知识（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 选词填空，从词汇框中选出合适的单词完成句子。（共四组，每组10小题；每小题1分，满分40分） 第一组 philosophy defence puzzle battle evidence location transition scent currency achievement mansion kingdom 1. The ____________ of this school emphasizes critical thinking and encourages students to question everything around them. 2. The ____________ from middle school to high school can be challenging, but it also offers exciting new opportunities for growth. 3. The United ____________ consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4. Solving this crossword ____________ requires not only vocabulary knowledge but also logical thinking and patience. 5. The euro is the official ____________ used by most European Union member countries today. 6. The lawyer presented strong evidence in ____________ of his client, proving that he was innocent of the crime. 7. There is no scientific ____________ to support the claim that this medicine can cure cancer completely. 8. The ____________ of the new library was carefully chosen to be accessible to all students on campus. 9. Winning the national science competition was the greatest ____________ of her high school career. 10. The soldiers fought bravely in the historic ____________ , which changed the fate of the entire nation forever. 第二组 ancestor position landscape courtyard heel County approach custom descendant Ocean feast cemetery 11. My ____________ came to this country from Ireland in the 19th century, searching for a better life. 12. We need to take a different ____________ to solve this environmental problem before it becomes worse. 13. She applied for the ____________ of class monitor because she wanted to serve her classmates better. 14. Orange ____________ in California is famous for its beautiful beaches and pleasant weather all year round. 15. The Pacific ____________ is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth, covering about one-third of its surface. 16. It is a local ____________ to exchange red envelopes during the Spring Festival to bring good luck. 17. The ancient ____________ was surrounded by traditional buildings, creating a peaceful atmosphere. 18. The ____________ of the countryside changed dramatically after the heavy snowfall last winter. 19. The family prepared a grand ____________ to celebrate their grandmother's eightieth birthday together. 20. As a ____________ of a famous writer, she felt a strong responsibility to preserve his literary legacy. 第三组 surround conquer dot puzzle greet roar announce charge belong roll crowd ensure 21. These books ____________ to the school library, so please return them before the end of the semester. 22. Beautiful mountains ____________ the small village, making it a perfect destination for nature lovers. 23. It took the young athlete years of training to ____________ her fear of competing in front of large crowds. 24. The teacher asked Tom to ____________ the classroom computer before the presentation tomorrow. 25. The principal will ____________ the results of the final exam at the school assembly next Monday. 26. Parents should ____________ that their children get enough sleep to perform well at school every day. 27. Please ____________ up your sleeves before starting the science experiment to keep your clothes clean. 28. It is polite to ____________ your teachers with a smile when you meet them in the hallway. 29. Fans began to ____________ around the entrance when they heard the famous singer was coming out. 30. Small islands ____________ the coastline, creating a stunning view that attracts thousands of tourists. 第四组 legal individual eager fascinating generous striking chief puzzling military sensory evident nearby 31. Each student has ____________ needs, so teachers should adapt their methods accordingly. 32. The ____________ reason for his success is his dedication to practicing English every single day. 33. The ____________ age for driving in most countries is eighteen, but some places allow it at sixteen. 34. The documentary about deep-sea creatures was so ____________ that I watched it three times. 35. Our English teacher is ____________ with her time, always staying after class to answer our questions. 36. The students were ____________ to start their summer vacation after the stressful final examinations. 37. There is a ____________ similarity between the two paintings, suggesting they were created by the same artist. 38. We found a quiet café ____________ where we could study and enjoy delicious coffee together. 39. The ____________ experience of walking through the flower garden was unforgettable for all visitors. 40. The ____________ base near the town has been there for over fifty years and employs many local residents. 第二节：根据汉语补全句子，每空一词。 41. 这座桥将岛屿与大陆连接起来，每天让成千上万的通勤者轻松出行。 The bridge joins the island ________ the mainland, allowing thousands of commuters to travel easily every day. 这座桥将岛屿与大陆连接起来，每天让成千上万的通勤者轻松出行。 42. 她不仅在数学方面很有天赋，在文学方面也是如此，这使她成为一名出色的全面发展的学生。 She is talented in mathematics as well ________ literature, which makes her an outstanding all-round student. 43. 当你出国旅行时，要留意那些可能会让你感到惊讶的文化差异。 When you travel abroad, keep your eyes open ________ cultural differences that might surprise you. 44. 这位年轻艺术家决定摆脱传统风格，创造出真正原创的作品。 The young artist decided to break ________ from traditional styles and create something truly original. 45. 这些古代文物属于国家博物馆，必须为后代加以保护。 These ancient artifacts belong ________ the national museum and must be protected for future generations. 46. 门一打开，兴奋的粉丝们就开始蜂拥而入，急切地想看到他们最喜欢的乐队表演。 As soon as the doors opened, excited fans began to crowd ________ , eager to see their favorite band perform. 47. 学习一门新语言的方法需要耐心、练习和持之以恒的日常努力。 The approach ________ learning a new language requires patience, practice, and consistent daily effort. 48. 这座古老的城堡被厚厚的城墙环绕，这些城墙已经保护了它五百多年。 The old castle is surrounded ________ thick walls that have protected it for over five hundred years. 49. 警方在现场找到充分证据后，决定以盗窃罪起诉嫌疑人。 The police decided to charge the suspect ________ theft after finding sufficient evidence at the scene. 50. 经过数月的准备，学生们渴望有机会在舞台上展示他们的技能。 After months of preparation, the students were eager ________ the opportunity to show their skills on stage. 能力提升部分 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A London’s East End has always been a place where history and tradition meet modern life. For over 300 years, this area east of the Tower of London has welcomed people from all over the world, making it one of the most culturally diverse neighborhoods in Britain. The area first became famous in the 17th century when French Protestants, known as Huguenots, arrived seeking religious freedom. They brought with them the tradition of silk weaving, which quickly became the main industry of the East End. By the 19th century, however, the silk industry had declined, and Irish workers came to build the docks and railways. Later, Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe opened textile workshops and established street markets that still operate today. Perhaps the most significant change came in the mid-20th century when people from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan moved to the area. They transformed Brick Lane from a quiet street into the center of British Bangladeshi culture. Today, the street is famous for its curry houses, traditional fabric shops, and the lively Sunday market where you can find everything from vintage clothes to traditional Bengali sweets. Despite these changes, the East End has managed to preserve its unique character. The old Victorian pubs still stand alongside modern art galleries, and traditional pie-and-mash shops compete with trendy cafes. Every year, the local community celebrates the Bow Bells Festival, which dates back to the 14th century, reminding residents of their shared history. What makes the East End special is not just its buildings or festivals, but how different traditions have been passed down through generations. Whether it is the Huguenot weaving techniques, the Jewish market traditions, or the Bangladeshi culinary customs, each group has added a new layer to the area’s cultural identity. As one local historian noted, “The East End is like a living museum where you can see the whole history of London in one neighborhood” 1. What was the main industry of the East End in the 17th century? A. Railway construction B. Silk weaving C. Textile workshops D. Dock building 2. Why does the author mention the Bow Bells Festival? A. To compare it with other festivals in London B. To show that modern festivals attract more visitors C. To explain why people from Bangladesh moved there D. To prove that the East End has preserved its traditions 3. What does the local historian mean by saying the East End is “like a living museum”? A. It has many old buildings that need protection B. It charges visitors for entering historical sites C. It displays the history of different immigrant groups D. It only shows the history of the 14th century B For centuries, Venice has stood as a masterpiece of human creativity. Built on more than 100 small islands, this Italian city is famous for its ancient buildings, narrow canals, and rich artistic heritage. Yet today, Venice faces a threat that no artist could have predicted: rising seas. In recent decades, Venice has experienced increasingly frequent flooding. In November 2019, the city suffered its worst flood in 50 years, with water levels reaching 1.87 meters. The damage was severe—historic churches, museums, and homes were submerged in saltwater, causing irreversible harm to priceless artworks and ancient structures. “Venice is on its knees,” said the city’s mayor at the time. To protect this fragile treasure, engineers have spent nearly two decades constructing an ambitious flood barrier system called MOSE. When high tides threaten the city, 78 yellow gates rise from the seabed to seal off the lagoon from the Adriatic Sea. Since becoming fully operational in 2021, MOSE has been activated over 100 times, successfully preventing flooding on numerous occasions. However, the barrier system is not a perfect solution. Critics argue that it addresses only the symptoms, not the root cause—climate change. Additionally, some environmental scientists worry that blocking the natural flow of water could damage the lagoon’s delicate ecosystem. The long-term effects remain uncertain. Venice’s struggle reflects a broader challenge facing historical cities worldwide: how to preserve the past while adapting to an unpredictable future. As one preservation expert noted, “We are not just protecting buildings; we are safeguarding the memory of human civilization.” For Venice, the battle between water and heritage continues, reminding us that even the greatest human achievements require constant care and innovation. 4. What does the author mainly intend to tell us in Paragraph 1? A. Venice is famous for its beautiful scenery and artistic value. B. Venice was built in a unique way on many small islands. C. Venice is facing an unexpected threat from rising sea levels. D. Venice has attracted artists from all over the world for centuries. 5. What can we learn about the flood in November 2019? A. It was the first flood that Venice had ever experienced. B. It caused serious and permanent damage to Venice’s heritage. C. It led to the immediate completion of the MOSE project. D. It destroyed all the churches and museums in the city. 6. What is the critics’ attitude towards the MOSE barrier system? A. They believe it is the most advanced technology in the world. B. They doubt whether it can be activated in time. C. They are confident that it will protect Venice forever. D. They think it fails to solve the fundamental problem. 7. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest? A. Historical buildings are the only evidence of human civilization. B. Protecting heritage is more important than developing new technology. C. Preserving historical sites means protecting human cultural memory. D. Experts should focus on physical structures rather than abstract ideas. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Britain’s landscape is dotted with historic sites that whisper tales of the past. From ancient castles to Victorian railway stations, these structures are more than just bricks and stones — they are the pulse of a civilization, reminding us that our roots define our future. 8 The answer lies in their power to connect generations. When a child stands before Hadrian’s Wall, built nearly 2,000 years ago, they touch the same stones that Roman soldiers once guarded. This tangible link makes history real, not merely words in a textbook. However, preserving these treasures is no easy task. 9 Weather, pollution, and time itself constantly attack ancient materials. Meanwhile, modern development often clashes with conservation efforts, forcing communities to choose between progress and preservation. To address these challenges, Britain has developed innovative approaches. 10 For example, York Minster, one of Europe’s largest Gothic cathedrals, combines medieval architecture with 21st-century lightning protection and climate control. This marriage of old and new ensures the building survives for future generations. Technology is also revolutionizing heritage protection. 11 These digital records serve as insurance against disasters, allowing destroyed monuments to be rebuilt with astonishing accuracy. After a fire damaged Glasgow School of Art in 2018, architects used such data to guide restoration. Yet the most powerful protection comes from people themselves. 12 When residents celebrate local traditions — whether Morris dancing in Oxfordshire or Burns Night in Scotland — they breathe life into historic customs, ensuring they remain relevant in a rapidly changing world. After all, to ignore the past is to lose the key to understanding the present. Only by safeguarding such cultural heritage can we ensure that stories of our ancestors continue to shape who we are. A. Local communities play a vital role in keeping traditions alive. B. Why do these aged buildings still matter in our digital age? C. Many historic buildings now use smart sensors to monitor structural health. D. The government has spent billions of pounds on restoring old castles. E. Experts use 3D laser scanning to create precise digital models of endangered structures. F. Many structures require expensive repairs that strain limited budgets. G. Historic buildings are being adapted with modern systems while keeping their original character. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The United Kingdom is a country with a long and fascinating history. Many people feel 13 when they see different names like England, Britain, Great Britain, and the UK. To 14 this puzzle, we need to study its history. In the 16th century, Wales was 15 to the Kingdom of England. Then in the 18th century, Scotland was added, 16 Great Britain. Later, in the 19th century, Ireland joined, forming the United Kingdom. However, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland 17 from the UK, leaving only Northern Ireland. This is why the full name today is “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.” The UK has been 18 by four major groups of people throughout history. First, the Romans came in the 1st century and built towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the 5th century, 19 the English language and changing building styles. Then the Vikings came in the 8th century, leaving behind new vocabulary and place names. Finally, the Normans 20 England in the 11th century, built castles, and made French the official language. Each group brought 21 culture and traditions, which shaped the country we see today. For example, many English words 22 back to French and Viking origins. The legal system also has roots in Norman 23 . Studying this history helps us 24 why the UK is so special. It has one flag and one currency, but four different countries with their own traditions. The English, Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish each have their own 25 football teams and national dishes. For visitors, knowing this history makes a trip to the UK more 26 . You can see Roman ruins in Bath, Anglo-Saxon churches, Viking street names, and Norman castles—all in one country. London is a great place to 27 exploring this rich history. 13. A. relaxed B. excited C. bored D. confused 14. A. solve B. find C. make D. keep 15. A. added B. broken C. joined D. connected 16. A. creating B. inventing C. discovering D. producing 17. A. set off B. came back C. turned up D. broke away 18. A. protected B. influenced C. attacked D. ignored 19. A. speaking B. introducing C. removing D. translating 20. A. visited B. left C. helped D. conquered 21. A. similar B. modern C. different D. local 22. A. date B. look C. go D. come 23. A. times B. habits C. rules D. words 24. A. wonder B. understand C. remember D. explain 25. A. national B. local C. private D. foreign 26. A. expensive B. difficult C. enjoyable D. important 27. A. stop B. start C. finish D. avoid 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(注意：此处仅供打草稿使用，正式作答需在答题卡上完成) Pingyao Ancient City, a UNESCO World Heritage site in northern China, 28 (date) back more than 2,000 years. It is 29 (wide) regarded as one of the best-preserved ancient cities in China. Walking along its ancient streets feels like traveling back in time. In October 2021, continuous heavy rainfall caused walls to collapse at 61 sites, 30 drew great concern from the public. The National Cultural Heritage Administration responded immediately and required restoration work 31 (begin) right away. Engineers followed the basic principle of maintaining the 32 (origin) shape and structure while using original materials and techniques. Shao Shuai, 33 ancient architecture engineer, took part in the restoration. He revealed that they tried something new at four of the collapsed sites— 34 (build) a 1.5-meter-high brick structure at the foot of the wall. “It is an experimental method 35 (approve) by the National Cultural Heritage Administration. We will see if this brick wall can reduce weathering and rain erosion,” he explained. 36 (work) in Pingyao for over a decade, Shao has witnessed how heritage protection has improved. “The workflow has become more standard, and the work team has also become more professional,” he said. Local officials have invested more into the restoration of cultural relics and have encouraged private capital to engage 37 helping protect them. 28. ___________ 29. ___________ 30. ___________ 31. ___________ 32. ___________ 33. ___________ 34. ___________ 35. ___________ 36. ___________ 37. ___________ 参考答案及部分解析 1. philosophy 2. transition 3. Kingdom 4. puzzle 5. currency 6. defence 7. evidence 8. location 9. achievement 10. battle 11. ancestor 12. approach 13. position 14. County 15. Ocean 16. custom 17. courtyard 18. landscape 19. feast 20. descendant 21. belong 22. surround 23. conquer 24. charge 25. announce 26. ensure 27. roll 28. greet 29. crowd 30. dot 31. individual 32. chief 33. legal 34. fascinating 35. generous 36. eager 37. striking 38. nearby 39. sensory 40. military 41. to 42. as 43. for 44. away 45. to 46. in 47. to 48. with / by 49. with 50. for 1---3 BDC 1. B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 “They brought with them the tradition of silk weaving, which quickly became the main industry of the East End.”（他们带来了丝绸纺织的传统，这很快成为东区的主要产业）可知，17世纪东区的主要产业是丝绸纺织。A项 “铁路建设”是19世纪爱尔兰工人的工作；C项 “纺织作坊”是后来犹太移民开设的；D项 “码头建设”也是19世纪的工作。故选B。 2. D解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句 “Despite these changes, the East End has managed to preserve its unique character.”（尽管发生了这些变化，东区仍然成功保留了其独特的特色）以及后面提到的Bow Bells Festival “dates back to the 14th century, reminding residents of their shared history”（追溯到14世纪，提醒居民们他们共同的历史）可知，作者提到这个节日是为了证明东区在现代化的过程中仍然保留了传统。A项 “与伦敦其他节日比较”文中未提及；B项 “现代节日吸引更多游客”与文意不符；C项 “解释为什么孟加拉人搬到那里”不是提及该节日的目的。故选D。 3. C解析：句意理解题。根据文章最后一段，历史学家说东区是 “一个活博物馆”，紧接着解释 “where you can see the whole history of London in one neighborhood”（在一个街区里就能看到整个伦敦的历史）。前文也提到法国胡格诺教徒的纺织技术、犹太人的市场传统、孟加拉人的烹饪习俗等，说明这里展示了不同移民群体的历史。A项 “有许多需要保护的老建筑”过于片面；B项 “向游客收取历史景点门票”文中未提及；D项 “只展示14世纪的历史”与 “whole history”矛盾。故选C。 4---7 CBDC 4. C解析：本题为段落大意题。第一段先介绍了威尼斯的历史、建筑和艺术价值（“masterpiece of human creativity” “famous for its ancient buildings... rich artistic heritage”），但作者用 “Yet”进行转折，引出了核心信息——威尼斯正面临一个威胁：“a threat that no artist could have predicted: rising seas”。A、B选项只是段落中的细节信息，D选项文中未提及。作者的主要意图是引出威尼斯面临海平面上升这一意外威胁，故选C。 5. B解析：本题为细节理解题。根据第二段 “The damage was severe—historic churches, museums, and homes were submerged in saltwater, causing irreversible harm to priceless artworks and ancient structures”可知，2019年的洪水造成了 “irreversible harm”（不可逆的损害），即 “serious and permanent damage”，与B选项对应。A选项错误，因为文中提到是 “worst flood in 50 years”，说明并非第一次洪水；C选项错误，MOSE工程已进行了近20年，并非因这次洪水而立即完成；D选项 “all”过于绝对，文中说的是部分建筑受损，并非全部摧毁。 6. D解析：本题为推理判断题。根据第四段 “Critics argue that it addresses only the symptoms, not the root cause—climate change”可知，批评者认为MOSE系统只是治标不治本，只解决了表面症状（symptoms），而没有解决根本原因（root cause）。D选项 “fails to solve the fundamental problem”（未能解决根本问题）与此完全对应。A、C选项与批评者的态度相反；B选项文中未提及。 7. C解析：本题为句意理解题。划线句 “We are not just protecting buildings; we are safeguarding the memory of human civilization”意为 “我们不仅仅是在保护建筑物，我们是在守护人类文明的记忆”。这句话强调的是保护文化遗产的深层意义——保护人类的文化记忆。C选项 “Preserving historical sites means protecting human cultural memory”准确概括了句意。A选项 “only”过于绝对；B选项将保护遗产与发展技术对立，文中无此意；D选项与句意相反，专家强调的是超越物理结构的精神层面。 8---12 BFGEA 8. B 承上启下+设问呼应。空格后一句 “The answer lies in...”明确回答了一个问题，因此空格处必须是一个疑问句。选项中只有B是疑问句（Why...），且 “these aged buildings”指代上文 “historic sites”，“still matter in our digital age”引出下文对历史建筑价值的解释。 9. F 段落主题+因果逻辑。本段主旨是 “preserving these treasures is no easy task”（保护不易），空格后列举了 “weather, pollution...modern development”等具体困难。F项 “Many structures require expensive repairs that strain limited budgets”（许多建筑需要昂贵的维修，预算紧张）属于保护困难的具体表现，与后文形成并列列举关系，共同解释 “no easy task”。10. G例证关系+词汇复现。空格后 “For example”表明空格是总述句，后文是具体例子。例子中 “combines medieval architecture with 21st-century...climate control”（中世纪建筑+21世纪技术）与G项 “adapted with modern systems while keeping their original character”（保留原有特色+现代系统）完全对应。关键词 “modern systems”与”21st-century...climate control”同义复现。 11. E段落主题+指代衔接。本段主旨是 “Technology is also revolutionizing heritage protection”（技术革新文物保护）。E项 “3D laser scanning to create precise digital models”（3D激光扫描创建数字模型）是具体技术手段，与主题一致。后文 “These digital records”（这些数字记录）指代E项中的 “digital models”，形成代词指代衔接。 12. A段落主题+递进关系。本段主旨是 “the most powerful protection comes from people themselves”（人的保护最有力）。A项 “Local communities play a vital role...”（当地社区发挥重要作用）中的 “Local communities”对应 “people themselves”，“keeping traditions alive”与后文 “celebrate local traditions...breathe life into historic customs”形成同义复现与递进解释关系。 干扰项分析： C（智能传感器）：虽涉及技术，但后文未提及 “sensors”，且与 “These digital records”无法指代衔接。 D（政府投资）：文中未涉及政府资金话题，且与 “no easy task”的负面语境不符。 G vs C辨析：G项强调 “保留原貌+现代系统”，与York Minster例子完全匹配；C项仅提“监测健康”，未涉及“保护性改造”的核心信息。 13---17 DACAD 18---22 BBDCA 23---27CBACB 13. D. confused 根据下文 “different names like England, Britain, Great Britain, and the UK”可知，面对这么多不同的名称，人们会感到 “困惑”。confused 意为 “困惑的”，符合语境。excited（兴奋的）、bored（无聊的）、relaxed（放松的）均不符合。 14. A. solve 根据上文 “feel confused”和下文 “this puzzle”可知，此处指 “解开这个谜题”。solve the puzzle 为固定搭配，意为 “解决谜题”。find 需与 out 搭配；make 和 keep 与 puzzle 搭配不当。 15. C. joined 根据历史事实，16世纪威尔士 “加入”英格兰王国。be joined to 为固定搭配，意为 “被并入”。broken（打破）与事实相反；added 需用 be added to；connected 侧重连接而非合并。 16. A. creating 苏格兰加入后，“形成”了大不列颠。create 意为 “创造、形成”，强调结果。invent 指发明新事物；discover 指发现已有事物；produce 指生产，均不符合。 17. D. broke away 根据历史事实，爱尔兰南部 “脱离”了英国。broke away from 为固定短语，意为 “脱离、摆脱”。came back（回来）、turned up（出现）、set off（出发）均不符合史实。 18. B. influenced 根据下文 “Each group brought...culture and traditions”可知，四组人群 “影响”了英国。influenced 意为 “影响”，符合语境。protected（保护）、attacked（攻击）、ignored（忽视）与下文积极描述不符。 19. B. introducing 盎格鲁-撒克逊人 “引入”了英语。introduce 意为 “引进、介绍”，符合语境。speaking 后应接语言作宾语时需加介词；removing（移除）与事实相反；translating（翻译）不符合。 20. D. conquered 根据历史事实，诺曼人 “征服”了英格兰。conquer 意为 “征服”，符合史实。visited（拜访）、left（离开）、helped（帮助）均不符合1066年诺曼征服的历史事实。 21. C. different 根据上文四组不同的人群和下文 “shaped the country”可知，每组人带来了 “不同的”文化。different 与上文 “four major groups”呼应。similar（相似的）与事实相反；modern（现代的）、local（当地的）不符合历史语境。 22. A. date date back to 为固定短语，意为 “追溯到”。句意：许多英语单词可以追溯到法语和维京语起源。look back to（回顾）、go back to（回到）、come back to（回到）虽有类似含义，但 date back to 是描述历史起源的标准表达。 23. C. rules 诺曼人改变了法律体系，因此此处指法律体系源于诺曼人的 “规则/制度”。rules 可指规章制度，符合语境。times（时代）、habits（习惯）、words（单词）与 legal system 搭配不当。 24. B. understand 根据单元主题 “了解历史帮助我们理解国家”可知，此处指 “理解”为什么英国如此特别。understand 与单元主题呼应。wonder（想知道）后需接从句或 about；remember（记住）、explain（解释）不符合语境。 25. A. national 根据课文内容，英国四个地区各有自己的 “国家队”。national football teams 意为 “国家足球队”，符合课文事实。local（当地的）、private（私人的）、foreign（外国的）均不符合。 26. C. enjoyable 根据课文最后一段 “make your visit more enjoyable”可知，了解历史让旅行更 “愉快”。enjoyable 与课文原句一致。expensive（昂贵的）、difficult（困难的）、important（重要的）虽可能成立，但 enjoyable 最贴合原文语境。 27. B. start 伦敦是 “开始”探索这段丰富历史的好地方。start doing sth. 意为 “开始做某事”，符合语境。stop（停止）、finish（完成）、avoid（避免）与文章积极推荐的语气相反。 28. dates 29. widely 30. which 31. to begin 32. original 33. an 34. building 35. approved 36. Having worked 37. in 文本导语 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国北方联合国教科文组织世界遗产——平遥古城的历史、2021年暴雨后的修复工作，以及古建筑工程师邵帅在文物保护方面的实践与见证。文章通过具体事例展现了中国在文化遗产保护方面的努力与进步。 28. dates句意：平遥古城，中国北方的一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产，追溯到两千多年前。解析：date back to为固定搭配，意为 “追溯到”。主语 “Pingyao Ancient City”为单数，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时第三人称单数形式dates。 29. widely句意：它被广泛地认为是中国保存最完好的古城之一。解析：修饰动词 regarded需用副词形式。wide的副词形式为 widely，意为 “广泛地”。be widely regarded as为固定搭配，“被广泛认为……”。 30. which句意：2021年10月，持续暴雨导致61处遗址墙体坍塌，这引起了公众的极大关注。解析：此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容（ “61处遗址墙体坍塌”这件事），在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which。 31. to begin句意：国家文物局立即作出回应，要求修复工作立即开始。解析：require后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气 (should) do；但此处 restoration work 为宾语， begin作宾补，结构为 require + 宾语 + to do，表示 “要求……做某事”，故用不定式 to begin。 32. original句意：工程师遵循保持原有形制和结构的基本原则，同时使用原材料和传统工艺。解析：修饰名词 shape and structure需用形容词。origin的形容词形式为 original，意为 “原来的，最初的”。 33. an句意：邵帅，一位古建筑工程师，参与了修复工作。解析：此处为同位语，表示 “一位古建筑工程师”，表泛指。ancient以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词 an。 34. building句意：他透露，他们在其中四处坍塌遗址尝试了一种新方法——在墙脚建造一道1.5米高的砖砌结构。解析：破折号后的内容是对 something new的具体解释说明，为动名词短语作同位语，故用building。 35. approved句意：这是一种经国家文物局批准的实验性方法。解析：method与 approve之间为被动关系（方法被批准），故用过去分词 approved 作后置定语，相当于定语从句 which was approved by...。 36. Having worked句意：在平遥工作了十多年，邵帅见证了文物保护工作的进步。解析：work与主语 Shao为主动关系，且 work的动作发生在 has witnessed之前，表示 “先工作，后见证”，强调动作的先后顺序和完成，故用现在分词的完成式 Having worked。 37. in句意：地方官员加大了对文物修复的投入，并鼓励民间资本参与保护工作。解析：engage in为固定搭配，意为 “参与，从事”，故填介词 in。 ( 第 4 页 共 11 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $