专题11 上海市期末押题组合练（语法填空5篇+完形填空5篇+阅读理解10篇+选词填空5篇+写作5篇）（期末复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪外版

**基本信息** 聚焦上海高二下学期期末考核心题型，通过"语法-词汇-阅读-完形-写作"全模块组合训练，构建语言能力与文化意识融合的备考体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|5篇|语境语法应用，涉及时态、非谓语等|从基础语法规则到语篇语境运用| |选词填空|5篇|词义辨析与语境匹配|从词汇认知到语用能力构建| |阅读理解|10篇|细节理解、推理判断等|从信息获取到批判性思维| |完形填空|5篇|上下文逻辑与词汇运用|从语言知识到语篇连贯能力| |书信写作|5篇|建议信、投稿等应用文体|从语言表达到跨文化沟通|

上海市期末考前押题组合练 （语法填空5篇+完形填空5篇+阅读10篇+选词填空5篇+写作5篇） 一、语法填空 （25-26高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Enhancing Cultural Awareness and Appreciation through Education Education, which is regarded as the most powerful tool for social progress, serves as an effective means by which people can better protect and pass down valuable cultural heritage that 1 (last) for thousands of years. When students are engaged in well-designed cultural activities that are held in schools, they can gradually develop 2 comprehensive understanding of various traditions and values that exist in different parts of the world. Since schools have realized the importance of cultural learning, they have provided a wide range of inclusive courses and colorful activities that allow teenagers to explore the rich cultural diversity that lies 3 their daily life. Students who read literary works from different countries will naturally broaden their horizons, while 4 who take part in multicultural events can experience different lifestyles in a relaxing educational environment. As more schools pay attention to global exchange, they have organized many cultural exchange programs 5 students from different backgrounds can interact closely and share their unique life experiences. 6 these activities bring to young people is not only fresh knowledge but also sincere empathy that helps them treat cultural differences with patience and kindness. Teachers always stress that every student should develop strong intercultural competence 7 8 they can communicate smoothly when they face people from different cultural groups. Besides, schools will arrange field trips to local museums and historical landmarks, which offer students precious chances 9 (connect) with real cultural heritage in their own communities. Because art can easily cross cultural boundaries, schools also include music, dance and other artistic performances in daily classes, 10 (make) cultural education more attractive and meaningful. In conclusion, education helps students become even 11 (responsible) global citizens who can respect cultural diversity and build a more harmonious society where people from all cultures can live in peace. 【答案】 1．has lasted 2．a 3．in 4．those 5．where 6．What 7．so 8．that 9．to connect 10．making 11．more responsible 【导语】文章主要讲述了教育通过多种方式增强学生的文化意识和欣赏能力。 1．考查时态。句意：教育被视为推动社会进步的最有力工具，是人们更好地保护和传承已延续数千年的宝贵文化遗产的有效手段。根据时间状语“for thousands of years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语that指代cultural heritage为不可数名词，助动词用has。 2．考查冠词。句意：当学生参与学校举办的精心设计的文化活动时，他们可以逐渐形成对世界各地不同传统和价值观的全面理解。understanding在此处作可数名词，表示“一种……的理解”，且comprehensive以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 3．考查介词。句意：既然学校已经意识到文化学习的重要性，他们提供了广泛的包容性课程和丰富多彩的活动，让青少年能够探索存在于他们日常生活中的丰富文化多样性。lie in是固定搭配，意为“存在于；在于”。 4．考查代词。句意：阅读不同国家文学作品的学生会自然地开阔视野，而那些参加多元文化活动的学生则可以在轻松的教育环境中体验不同的生活方式。此处与前文Students who...并列，空处用those指代前文复数名词students，表示特指的一类人，避免重复。 5．考查定语从句。句意：随着越来越多的学校重视全球交流，他们组织了许多文化交流项目，来自不同背景的学生可以在这些项目中密切互动并分享独特的生活经历。空处引导定语从句，先行词为programs，表抽象地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 6．考查主语从句。句意：这些活动带给年轻人的不仅是新鲜的知识，还有真诚的共情，帮助他们以耐心和善意对待文化差异。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作bring的宾语，指代事物，应用what引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。 7．考查连词。句意：教师总是强调每个学生都应培养强大的跨文化能力，以便在面对来自不同文化群体的人时能够顺畅交流。此空连接两个完整句子，表示“以便”应用so that引导目的状语从句。 8．考查连词。句意：教师总是强调每个学生都应培养强大的跨文化能力，以便在面对来自不同文化群体的人时能够顺畅交流。此空连接两个完整句子，表示“以便”应用so that引导目的状语从句。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：学校还会安排学生参观当地博物馆和历史地标，这为学生提供了与自己社区中真实文化遗产建立联系的宝贵机会。chances后接不定式作后置定语，the chance to do sth.表示“做某事的机会”。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于艺术容易跨越文化界限，学校还将音乐、舞蹈等艺术表演纳入日常课堂，让文化教育变得更具吸引力和意义。此处为结果状语，表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词making。 11．考查形容词比较级。句意：总之，教育帮助学生成为更有责任感的全球公民，他们能够尊重文化多样性，建立一个更加和谐的社会，让来自所有文化的人们都能和平共处。根据“even”及“a more harmonious society”可知，此处应用比较级more responsible。 （25-26高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shopping: Good for Children’s Brains Children may get angry and play up when being dragged around the shops by their parents, but shopping therapy (疗法) is actually good for their brains. The interaction between child and parent while shopping helps young kids develop social skills and promotes happiness 1 a crying baby shows few signs of it at the time. According to the joint study by Oxford University and the Open University, the shopping trip is just as helpful for the child’s development as painting or drawing activities. In addition, shopping, compared with watching TV and reading, 2 (consider) greatly beneficial to a child’s social skills. The two universities made these conclusions after studying the results of a survey in Germany. This survey looked into the daily routines and habits of 800 parents with two-and three-year-olds. It recorded higher 3 (perceive) levels of happiness among the children who had taken part in activities such as art and craft, and shopping. Researchers Professor Paul Anand and Dr Laurence Roope added that the more shopping therapies the kids were exposed to, the   4 (developed) their everyday skills became. When looking into 5 shopping therapy ranked high in benefits, researchers pointed to the fact that shopping involves changes of scenery from shop to shop, which improves the child’s motor and social skills more than a sedentary (久坐的) activity. Reading and storytelling are no doubt beneficial but 6 (leave) to read or watch TV on his own has a negative influence 7 the child’s development. Because of shopping trips, children get out of the house and into a new environment 8 they get visual stimulation. They’re bumping into other families and their social skills come into play and they may get the chance to do   9 physical in a shop like running around. The researchers now intend 10 (test) their theories on older children to see what activities influence development among other age groups. 【答案】 1．although/though/while 2．is considered 3．perceived 4．more developed 5．why 6．being left 7．on/upon 8．where 9．something 10．to test 【导语】文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——购物疗法对儿童大脑发育有益，能够促进孩子的社交技能和幸福感，研究人员还计划将这一理论在更大年龄段的儿童中进行验证。 1．考查让步状语从句。句意：购物过程中孩子与家长之间的互动有助于幼儿发展社交技能并促进快乐，尽管哭泣的婴儿当时很少表现出这种迹象。分析句子结构可知，空格前后为两个完整的分句，前后存在让步转折关系，应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。 2．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，与看电视和阅读相比，购物被认为对孩子的社交技能非常有益。分析句子结构可知，空格处为句子谓语动词；主语shopping与consider之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语shopping为不可数名词，be动词应用is。 3．考查形容词。句意：调查记录显示，参加艺术、手工和购物等活动的孩子感知到的快乐水平更高。分析句子结构可知，空格处需用形容词修饰名词levels；perceive的形容词形式为perceived，意为“感知到的，察觉到的”。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：研究人员Paul Anand教授和Laurence Roope博士补充说，孩子们接触的购物疗法越多，他们的日常技能就变得越发达。分析句子结构可知，此处为“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”结构，表示“越……，越……”；developed为多音节形容词，其比较级形式为more developed。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：在探究为什么购物疗法在益处方面排名很高时，研究人员指出，购物涉及从一家商店到另一家商店的场景变化。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，作looking into的宾语；根据下文“researchers pointed to the fact that...”可知，研究人员在解释原因，因此空格处表示"为什么"，应用连接副词why引导该宾语从句。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：阅读和讲故事无疑是有益的，但被留下独自阅读或看电视对孩子的发展有负面影响。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列的主语，空格处需用动名词形式作主语；且逻辑主语the child与leave之间为被动关系，表示“被留下”，应用动名词的被动式being left。 7．考查介词。句意：阅读和讲故事无疑是有益的，但被留下独自阅读或看电视对孩子的发展有负面影响。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配have a negative influence on/upon，意为“对……有负面影响”。 8．考查定语从句。句意：因为购物出行，孩子们走出家门，进入一个新的环境，在那里他们获得视觉刺激，这比久坐活动更能提升儿童的运动和社交技能。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为environment，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。 9．考查不定代词。句意：他们会遇到其他家庭，他们的社交技能得以发挥，而且他们可能有机会在商店里做一些体力活动，比如跑来跑去。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填不定代词作do的宾语；本句为肯定句，表示“某事，一些事”，应用something。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员现在打算在年龄更大的儿童身上测试他们的理论，以了解哪些活动会影响其他年龄段儿童的发展。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配intend to do sth.，意为“打算做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语。 （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various aspects of individuals’ interaction with technology and their environments. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools 1 boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration 2 (handle) tasks from simple chores to complex operations. Humanoid robots, 3 (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service. Their ability to engage with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship, support, and interactive learning experiences. Robotic assistants, in contrast, have made 4 (significance) progress into corporate world and personal spaces. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots 5 (design) to improve daily routines. They enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more 6 (efficient), allowing for a greater focus on strategic and creative efforts. 7 rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority and efficiency are perceived. Individuals and 8 (organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world 9 embracing these innovations. The future is here, 10 those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement. 【答案】 1．which/that 2．to handle 3．equipped 4．significant 5．are designed 6．efficiently 7．The 8．organizations 9．by 10．and 【导语】本文主要介绍机器人技术融入日常生活后带来的改变、各类机器人的应用以及拥抱这项科技革新的意义。 1．考查定语从句。句意：机器人不仅是未来主义概念，更是当下借助人类协作提升效率与生产力、处理从简单家务到复杂作业等各类任务的工具。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为tools指物，从句缺少主语，用关系代词that/which引导。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处用不定式作后置定语修饰tools，表用途功能。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：配备人工智能的人形机器人越来越多地应用于医疗、教育和客服等领域。be equipped with为固定搭配，此处作后置定语省略be动词，用过去分词形式。 4．考查形容词作定语。句意：相比之下，机器人助手在企业领域和个人生活空间都取得了显著进展。修饰名词progress需用形容词作定语，significance的形容词形式为significant。 5．考查时态语态。句意：从扫地机器人到高级程序机器人，这些机器人被设计用来优化日常事务。空处为句子谓语，文章陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语these robots与design为被动关系。 6．考查副词修饰动词。句意：它们让人们能更高效地分配时间和资源，从而更专注于战略性和创造性工作。修饰动词distribute需用副词作状语，efficient的副词形式为efficiently。 7．考查冠词。句意：机器人技术在日常生活中的兴起标志着一场技术变革，也代表着人们对权威和效率认知的根本转变。the rise of为固定搭配，表示“……的兴起”，表特指，句首单词首字母大写。 8．考查名词。句意：个人和各类机构都能通过接纳这些创新，站在飞速发展时代的前沿。and连接并列名词与Individuals对应，organize的名词形式为organization，用复数表泛指。 9．考查介词。句意：个人和各类机构都能通过接纳这些创新，站在飞速发展时代的前沿。此处表示“通过某种方式”，后接动名词embracing，用介词by。 10．考查连词。句意：未来已来，而那些善于运用这些工具的人必将引领迈入一个生产力与参与（互动）的新时代。前后两个分句为顺承并列关系，用连词and连接。 （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Maybe teenage years weren’t the ideal time to receive my mother’s advice to wear a range of colours. What better way to express how you feel on any given day, and convey that mood 1 the world, she would say. It was important to the eye, to the soul. It really isn’t the best advice 2 (give) any teenager, especially one 3 was hoping to disappear in all-black sportswear. Now I see her advice isn’t about fashion or looking good for others, or making an impression, 4 about dressing from the inside. It has taken me a while to lean into the power of this. I’m not quite sure when I 5 (start) applying it myself but I remember waking up one morning in my early 20s, looking at my wardrobe (衣柜) and thinking: what colour do I feel like wearing today? It’s 6 question that brings a surprising degree of daily self-awareness. It’s asking, “What mood am I in?” “Do I want 7 (see) or do I want to hide?”. The idea of starting the day in the right colour sends me back to myself. My wardrobe 8 (become) more colourful over the years, and, my mother was right: it does bring me joy to wear pink shoes with a golden shine, and a silver dress which is so bright that it can 9 (probable) be spotted from the moon. Wearing 10 (shine) colours brings me enormous happiness, and when I do, I feel as if I am shouting: “Look, it’s me, me, meeee.” 【答案】 1．to 2．to give 3．who/that 4．but 5．started 6．a 7．to be seen 8．has become 9．probably 10．shiny/shining 【导语】文章主要讲的是作者对母亲建议自己穿多彩衣服这一看法的转变过程。 1．考查介词。句意：她常说，还有什么更好的方式，能在每一天表达自己的心情，并把这种情绪传递给外界呢？固定搭配convey sth. to…意为“把某物传递给……”，空处需填介词to。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这实在不是适合给任何青少年的最好建议，尤其是一心想穿一身黑色运动装、低调消失在人群中的少年。名词advice前有最高级the best修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语。 3．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是one，指的是teenager，是人，因此用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。 4．考查连词。句意：如今我才明白，她的建议无关时尚、无关为了取悦别人打扮、也无关留下好印象，而是关乎由内而外的穿搭表达。not...but...是固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，因此空格处是but。 5．考查时态。句意：我不太确定自己是什么时候开始践行这个建议的，但我记得二十出头的某天早上醒来，看着衣柜心想：今天我想穿什么颜色？句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空处用过去式started。 6．考查冠词。句意：这是一个能让人在日常生活中生出极强自我觉察的问题。question是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，空处用不定冠词，question发音以辅音音素开头，空处用不定冠词a 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我想被人看见，还是想低调隐藏自己？” want to do是固定短语，意为“想要做某事”，“我”是想被人看到，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be seen。 8．考查时态。句意：这些年来，我的衣柜已经变得五彩缤纷，而母亲说得没错：穿上泛着金色光泽的粉色鞋子、一袭亮到或许从月亮上都能看见的银色长裙，真的能带给我快乐。根据时间状语over the years可知，句子是现在完成时，主语My wardrobe是单数，因此空处是has become。 9．考查副词。句意同上。空处用副词probably修饰动词be spotted，probably意为“可能”。 10．考查形容词。句意：穿上亮眼的色彩，我会感到无比幸福，此刻仿佛在大声宣告：“看，这就是独一无二的我！”空处用形容词作定语，修饰名词colours，shine的形容词是shiny/shining，意为“发光的”。 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views. The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff — about 43 stories high — along a via ferrata route (铁索攀道) with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away 3 the coach went first and led me.” It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 4 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 5 (name) after the town it’s located near — Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province. The village — a previously 6 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone house that guard against coastal winds — 7 (see) bubble tea shops, home-stays and camping site emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism. Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs hanging over the sharp drop. Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as adventurous visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare — No way I 8 ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter. 9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a villager was setting up a stall outside the café shop duringGolden Week. 【答案】 1．What 2．towering 3．as soon as 4．where 5．is named 6．less famous 7．has seen 8．would 9．Despite 10．Backed 【导语】本文讲述了中国东南部一家名为“古石悬崖咖啡”的特色咖啡馆。 1．考查主语从句。句意：它的独特之处在于一张木制长椅，悬于海面上方70米的惊人高度，可俯瞰令人惊叹的海岸美景。分析句子结构，此空所在部分 “______ distinguishes it” 在整个句子中作主语，是主语从句。在这个从句中，缺少主语成分，且指代事物，所以用连接代词what引导，what在从句中充当主语，表示“……的东西”，首字母大写。 2．考查形容词。句意：30岁的叶女士沿着一条铁索攀道从130米高（约2层楼高）的高耸悬崖上攀爬而下，铁索攀道上有固定在岩壁上的金属台阶，一名教练在一旁引导她。空处为形容词来修饰名词cliff，tower是名词“塔”或动词“高耸”，其形容词形式towering意为“高耸的”。 3．考查连词。句意：但教练一走在前面带领我时，我的恐惧就消失了。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”应用as soon as。 4．考查定语从句。句意：她花了30分钟到达那个地方，悬崖边有一个牌子，上面写着“古石悬崖咖啡”。此空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the spot（那个地方），在从句 “a sign on the cliffside reads ‘Gushi Clif Coffee.’” 中作地点状语，表示“在那个地方”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这家咖啡馆以它附近的城镇——福建省会福州的古石村命名。句子描述的是一般事实，要用一般现在时。主语The café和动词name（命名）之间是被动关系，即咖啡馆是“被命名”的，一般现在时的被动语态结构是“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语The café是单数，所以be动词用is，name的过去分词是named，所以填is named。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：由于当地政府推动乡村旅游的发展，近年来，珍珠奶茶店、民宿和露营地纷纷出现，这个村子以前不太出名，有一群群古老的石头房子可以抵御海风。根据语境，这个村庄以前是不出名的，“previously”（以前）提示这里要用“famous”的比较级，表示“不那么出名”用less famous。 7．考查动词时态。句意：这个村庄——以前是一个不出名的地方，有许多抵御海风的古老石屋——近年来，随着当地政府推动乡村旅游，出现了奶茶店、民宿和露营地。时间状语“in recent years（近年来）”常与现在完成时连用，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并对现在产生影响。现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，主语The village是单数，所以用has，see的过去分词是seen，所以填has seen。 8．考查情态动词。句意：“这不是我喜欢的类型，但尊重那些有胆量的人——我永远都不可能上去！”一位中国网友评论道。此句表达一种虚拟的语气，是对自己不会去做这件事的一种假设，在这种语境下，用would表示一种不太可能发生的情况，“No way I would ever go up there!” 意思是“我绝对不会上去那里！”。 9．考查介词。句意：尽管网上有不同意见，但寻求刺激的人仍不断涌入这家咖啡馆。前后句之间存在让步关系，即虽然网上有不同看法，但还是有很多人来。空后是名词短语mixed opinions online，所以用介词Despite，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语。首字母大写。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当地政府150万元拨款的支持下，这家乡村咖啡馆有望为中国的乡村振兴做出贡献。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词is expected，所以此空要用非谓语动词形式。the village café（乡村咖啡馆）和back（支持）之间是被动关系，即咖啡馆是“被支持”的，所以用过去分词Backed作状语，表被动和完成，位于句首，首字母大写。 二、选词填空 （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．trustworthy  B．focus  C． force  D．unlicensed  E. balance  F. nearly G. risks  H. issued  I. shows  J. concerned  K. mainly China’s New National Standards for Food Delivery Platforms China has introduced new national standards for food delivery platforms to solve problems like unfair competition, food safety 1 , and the need to protect delivery workers’ rights. The new rules, called Basic Requirements for Food Delivery Platform Service Management, were 2 by the State Administration for Market Regulation on September 24, 2025. They aim to create a fairer and healthier business environment for everyone 3 . The standards 4 on three main areas. First, they try to stop the “vicious (恶性的) competition” between platforms. For example, platforms are now not allowed to cheat on prices or 5 promotion costs on restaurants. They must also pay for their own sales activities and cannot use false terms like “zero-cost purchase.” Second, to fight against 6 “ghost kitchen,” which are takeout-only places operating from fake addresses, restaurants will need to upload a video that 7 their storefront, dining area, and kitchen, with location and time details. This makes sure food is made in a real and clean environment, as such hidden kitchens often fail to meet basic safety rules. Third, the rules better protect delivery workers. Platforms cannot 8 use fines for being late to punish riders. They must also limit daily work to eight hours and send warnings to workers who have been taking orders for over four hours without a break. These changes are important because China has more than 545 million online food delivery users. The fast growth of the industry has led to problems like hidden costs, too much pressure on restaurants, and safety worries for workers. The new standards try to 9 the interests of platforms, restaurants, workers, and customers. By setting clearer rules, the government hopes to build a more lasting and 10 food delivery system. The draft rules are now open for public comments until mid-October. After some possible changes, the final standards are expected to be put into practice within a year, which could lead to important changes in how food delivery services work in China. 【答案】 1．G 2．H 3．J 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．I 8．K 9．E 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国针对外卖平台出台的新国家标准，旨在解决不公平竞争、食品安全风险及骑手权益保护等问题。 1．考查名词。句意：中国出台了新的外卖平台国家标准，以解决不公平竞争、食品安全风险以及保护骑手权益等问题。空处与unfair competition和the need to protect并列，作介词like的宾语，应用名词，risks为名词risk的复数形式，含义为“风险”，符合句意。 2．考查动词。句意：这些名为《外卖平台服务管理基本要求》的新规定于2025年9月24日由国家市场监督管理总局发布。空处为被动语态were+过去分词，应用动词的过去分词，issued为动词issue的过去分词，含义为“发布、颁布”，符合句意。 3．考查形容词。句意：它们旨在为所有相关方创造一个更公平、更健康的商业环境。空处修饰代词everyone，作后置定语，应用形容词，concerned为形容词，含义为“有关的、涉及的”，everyone concerned意为“所有相关方”，符合句意。 4． 考查动词。句意：这些标准聚焦于三个主要领域。空处缺少谓语动词，应用动词，主语The standards为复数，用一般现在时，focus为动词，含义为“聚焦、集中”，focus on为固定搭配，意为“聚焦于”，符合句意。 5．考查动词。句意：例如，平台现在不允许在价格上作弊或强迫餐厅承担推广成本。空处与cheat并列，位于be allowed to后，应用动词原形，force为动词，含义为“强迫、迫使”，force promotion costs on restaurants意为“强迫餐厅承担推广成本”。 6．考查形容词。句意：第二，为了打击无照“幽灵厨房”（这些是从虚假地址运营的纯外卖场所），餐厅需要上传一段展示其店面、就餐区和厨房的视频，并附带位置和时间细节。空处修饰名词ghost kitchen，应用形容词，unlicensed为形容词，含义为“无许可证的、无照的”，符合句意。 7．考查动词。句意：第二，为了打击无照“幽灵厨房”（这些是从虚假地址运营的纯外卖场所），餐厅需要上传一段展示其店面、就餐区和厨房的视频，并附带位置和时间细节。空处在定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a video，应用动词第三人称单数，shows为动词show的第三人称单数形式，含义为“展示、显示”，符合句意。 8．考查副词。句意：平台不能主要使用迟到罚款来惩罚骑手。空处修饰动词use，应用副词，mainly为副词，含义为“主要地”，符合句意。 9．考查动词。句意：新标准试图平衡平台、餐厅、骑手和顾客的利益。try to后接动词原形，balance为动词，含义为“平衡”，符合句意。 10． 考查形容词。句意：通过制定更明确的规则，政府希望建立一个更持久、更值得信赖的外卖体系。空处与lasting并列，修饰名词food delivery system，应用形容词，trustworthy为形容词，含义为“值得信赖的、可靠的”，符合句意。 （25-26高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．rigid B．pursuing C． monitor D．sign E. consistent F. subjected G. struggling H. unexpected I. ideal J. tackle K. breathless Fit for Life at Any Age Throughout life’s many stages, finding — and sticking to — a fitness routine can be complicated. Whether you are 1 to find the right time or place, it seems like there’s always something stopping you from getting that perfect schedule down. As you age, the workouts may not come as easy as they used to. Certain times of day that used to be 2 now lead to extreme discomfort. And one major drawback may be finding a new spot to work out after a move from your longtime community. These problems, however, should never stop you from 3 your fitness goals. The benefits of a(n) 4 workout routine may be even greater for people 65 or older. In the short term, it can improve older adults’ sleep quality, anxiety levels and blood pressure. As the years go on, regular fitness can assist in cancer prevention, maintaining a healthy weight and living independently longer. While your body changes, your fitness routine should change along with it. If the workouts you have always done seem harder now, that may be a 5 that your body can no longer do the same things safely. To continue working your body in similar ways, 6 your condition as you work out. One way to check on yourself during a workout is a simple talk test. Making sure that you’re able to talk throughout the activity is super important. If you start to become 7 , you’re starting to go up into the higher heart rate zones. There are special conditions for you to take into account even if you are presently feeling better. One 8 change many older adults face is the new way their body might react to heat, particularly because of medications that increase dehydration(脱水). Some of the medicine that are out there, if you’re elderly, can cause you to not be able to 9 the heat well. Experts advise older adults to consider if they have conditions or are on medications that make them more 10 to dehydration or overheating. They also recommend speaking with your doctor before starting a new workout; ask how any existing health issues may limit your abilities. 【答案】 1．G 2．I 3．B 4．E 5．D 6．C 7．K 8．H 9．J 10．F 【导语】文章介绍了终身健身的相关知识，指出随着年龄增长人体机能会发生变化，健身方式也需随之调整，并重点说明了老年人健身的益处、身体变化带来的未知问题以及高温健身的安全注意事项。 1．考查动词。句意：无论你正努力寻找合适的锻炼时间或地点，似乎总有各种事情阻碍你制定完美的健身计划。结合后文“it seems like there’s always something stopping you from getting that perfect schedule down”，此处表示“费力做、努力做”，应选struggling。be struggling to do sth.为固定搭配，符合现在进行时时态。 2．考查形容词。句意：那些曾经十分合适的锻炼时段，如今却会带来极大的不适感。结合前文“the workouts may not come as easy as they used to”以及后文“now lead to extreme discomfort”的对比语境可知，随着年龄增长，昔日适宜健身的时间段，现在会让人身体不适。此处应选ideal，表示“理想的、最合适的”，在句中作表语。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：但这些问题绝不应该阻碍你追求健身目标。结合前文作者列举的年龄增长、锻炼不便、更换健身场地等各类健身难题，可知此处表达困难不能阻挡人们坚持健身、追逐目标。应选pursuing，表示“追求、致力于”。stop sb. from doing sth.为固定用法，介词from后接动名词形式。 4．考查形容词。句意：规律的健身习惯对4岁及以上的人群益处更大。结合后文“As the years go on, regular fitness can assist in cancer prevention”可知，本段围绕长期、稳定的健身方式的好处展开。应选consistent，表示“持续的、规律的、一贯的”，修饰名词workout routine。 5．考查名词。句意：如果你常年坚持的运动如今变得吃力，这或许是一个迹象，说明你的身体已经无法安全承受同等强度的运动。结合前文“your body changes”以及“the workouts you have always done seem harder now”可知，身体机能随年龄发生改变，运动吃力是身体发出的变化信号。应选sign，表示“迹象、征兆”，在句中作表语。 6．考查动词。句意：若你继续以相近的方式锻炼，运动过程中要密切监测自身身体状态。结合前文身体会随年龄变化、旧运动强度不再适配身体的语境，可知运动时需要随时关注身体状态、及时调整强度。应选monitor，表示“监测、留意”。本句为祈使句，使用动词原形。 7．考查形容词。句意：如果你开始气喘吁吁，说明你的心率已经进入高负荷区间。结合前文“a simple talk test”谈话测试的健身方法可知，运动时若无法顺畅说话、呼吸急促，就代表心率过高、运动超负荷。应选breathless，表示“气喘吁吁的、呼吸急促的”，在句中作表语。 8．考查形容词。句意：许多老年人会遭遇一种意外的身体变化：身体对高温的反应方式发生改变，药物还会加剧脱水问题。结合前文即使身体当下状态良好仍需注意特殊情况，以及后文药物导致脱水、身体耐热能力下降的特殊情况可知，这类身体变化是意料之外的。应选unexpected，表示“意外的、始料未及的”，修饰名词change。 9．考查动词。句意：对老年人来说，部分药物会导致身体无法良好应对高温环境。结合前文老年人身体对高温的反应发生改变、易脱水的语境，可知药物会让老年人难以承受、应对高温天气。应选tackle，表示“应对、处理、应付”，be able to后接动词原形。 10．考查形容词固定搭配。句意：专家建议老年人自查自身身体状况和用药情况，部分身体疾病和药物会使人更易脱水、中暑。结合全文老年人健身需规避高温、脱水风险的核心语境，此处介绍老年人易受高温和脱水影响的原因。be subjected to为固定搭配，意为“遭受……、受……影响”，应选subjected。 （25-26高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adaptations        B．boring        C． declared v.         D．destroyed E. draw            F. flood            G. launched v.         H. physical I. recognition        J. stick            K. unity Why do we love literary anniversaries? Last year marked 250 years since the birth of the English novelist Jane Austen. This special year saw a variety of high-profile celebratory events across Britain, from film screenings, to special tours and literary talks. But why do we celebrate literary anniversaries? Why do museums, academics and the public rush to honor our favourite authors? First, literary anniversaries are significant as they create a shared sense of pride and a feeling of 1 within communities and cultures. As Shakespeare scholar Monika Smialkowska said, “Each event has also been an occasion for the community remembering Shakespeare to celebrate itself.” Literary anniversaries are also a main example of thirst for the past — of thinking that a place, event or period from the past is preferable to the present. Rituals such as anniversary celebrations are the 2 presentation of this feeling. This is the reason why enthusiasts dress up in the costumes to transport themselves back to a period in contrast to the current 3 time, perhaps. By reading an author’s books and visiting his house, visitors are similarly invited to step back into the brilliant past and into the writer’s world. These anniversaries are of course a global 4 , with entire marketing campaigns centering around significant dates. For example, 2017 was not only 5 by Visit Britain as the Year of Literary Heroes, but an interactive Magical Britain campaign was also 6 to celebrate 20 years since the first Harry Potter book. Anniversaries of popular books and authors promote the local and national economy as visitors 7 to locations from the authors’ birthplaces to homes and graves. But why do some authors 8 in the public imagination more than others? Author and academic H.J. Jackson notes in her book that 9 usually begins with a collected edition of the author’s work, before interest develops into biographies, translations and 10 . The texts become taught in schools. Societies are named in the author’s honor, and then finally anniversary celebrations start to celebrate his great achievements. 【答案】 1．K 2．H 3．B 4．E 5．C 6．G 7．F 8．J 9．I 10．A 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨人们热衷文学周年纪念的原因：它能凝聚大众、带动文旅经济。作家的知名度逐步提升，最终也会催生各类纪念活动。 1．考查名词。句意：首先，文学纪念日意义重大，它们能唤起群体与文化中的共同自豪感和团结意识。空格前为a feeling of，需填入名词，与前面的a shared sense of pride（共同的自豪感）构成并列。unity“团结，统一”为名词与“自豪感”语义呼应，符合语境。 2．考查形容词。句意：纪念仪式等习俗正是这种情感的具象表达。空格位于定冠词the和名词presentation之间，需填入形容词作定语。前文提到的“怀旧情绪”是抽象感受，而周年庆典这类仪式是这种情绪的具体、实体化的体现， physical为形容词，意为“实体的，具体的”，符合语境。 3．考查形容词。句意：正因如此，也许爱好者们穿上各种服饰，仿佛穿越时空回到那个年代，以此与当下枯燥乏味的现实形成对比。空格修饰名词time，需填入形容词；in contrast to表示 “与……形成对比”，前文提到人们沉浸在“辉煌的过去”，与之相对的当下自然是乏味无趣的，boring“乏味的，无聊的”为形容词，符合古今对比的感情色彩。 4．考查名词。句意：这些周年纪念活动当然具有全球吸引力，整个营销活动都围绕重要日期展开。空格前为a global，需填入可数名词单数。后文提到“完整的营销活动围绕重要日期展开”，说明文学纪念日是具有全球吸引力的热点事件；draw作名词时特指“有吸引力的人/事物”，符合语境。 5．考查过去分词。句意：例如，2017年不仅被英国旅游局宣布为“文学英雄之年”，还推出了互动式“神奇英国”宣传活动，以庆祝《哈利·波特》第一本书出版20周年。句子为被动语态was + 过去分词 + by，需填入动词过去分词。be declared as是固定搭配，意为 “被宣布为”，符合语境。 6．考查过去分词。句意：例如，2017年不仅被英国旅游局宣布为“文学英雄之年”，还推出了互动式“神奇英国”宣传活动，以庆祝《哈利·波特》第一本书出版20周年。句子为被动语态was + 过去分词，需填入动词过去分词。主语是campaign（活动），launch a campaign是固定搭配，意为“发起一项活动”，被动形式campaign was launched符合语法与句意。 7．考查动词。句意：流行书籍和作家的周年纪念促进了当地和国家的经济，因为游客们从作者的出生地到他们的家和坟墓都涌向了这些地方。空格在状语从句中作谓语，主语为visitors，需填入动词原形。前文提到“带动地方和国家经济”，对应逻辑是游客大量涌入相关地点；flood to + 地点是常用表达，意为“大量涌入某地”，贴合语境。 8．考查动词。句意：但为何有些作者在公众记忆中比其他作者更持久？空格在特殊疑问句中作谓语，有助动词do，需填入动词原形。stick in one’s imagination/mind是固定搭配，意为 “在某人的印象/想象中经久留存、深入人心”，符合语境。 9．考查名词。句意：作家兼学者H.J.杰克逊在她的书中指出，人们通常是从一本作者作品的合集开始认识他的，然后才会对他的传记、翻译和改编产生兴趣。空格位于宾语从句句首作主语，需填入名词。后文描述了“作品集出版→传记、译本出现→进入教材→成立协会→举办周年庆典”的过程，这是大众对作家认可度逐步提升的完整路径，recognition为名词，意为“认可，声名”，符合语境。 10．考查名词。句意：作家兼学者H.J.杰克逊在她的书中指出，人们通常是从一本作者作品的合集开始认识他的，然后才会对他的传记、翻译和改编产生兴趣。空格与biographies, translations并列，需填入同类名词。传记、译本都是文学作品的衍生形式，adaptations（影视 / 戏剧等改编作品）同样属于作品衍生内容，语义范畴一致。 （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．developing    B．function    C．actively    D．physical    E．continuous    F．consuming G．interaction    H．digestion    I．refer    J．estimated    K．significantly How Your Gut Microbiome (肠道微生物群) Impacts Your Health We’ve all had a “gut feeling.” And while that popular saying is based on our instinct, our gut truly does play a role in our health and how we feel and 1 . Gut health is an important element of your overall 2 and mental health. “Gut health” has become a trendy term in recent years. Our gut microbiome describes the microbes and their genetic material found in our gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道). And we know the bacteria in our gut affect everything from our 3 to our mental state. “Gut health is really important,” says registered nutrition expert Kristin Kirkpatrick, RD．“There is so much attention and research on the microbiome and gut health nowadays that experts often 4 to it as the ‘second brain.’” “It contains all the microbes that live within our intestinal tract,” says Dr. Cresci a digestive disease researcher. “And those microbes consist of bacteria, fungus and viruses. ”We’re not talking about a few hundred microbes—it’s 5 that about 100 trillion microbes are found inside the human body, with many of them located in our gut. As you take food, the gastric acid (胃酸) found in your stomach destroys a lot of the harmful organisms you consume. “We are 6 microbes all the time through our food and water,” says Dr. Cresci. “But the ones that escape that gastric acid then move down to your intestinal tract.” The goal is to have a healthy gut microbiome. Its balance can be 7 affected by factors like your diet, infections and certain medications. And 8 an unhealthy gut microbiome can lead to certain diseases and affect your mental health. “What we’ve learned over the years is that there’s a lot of 9 between your gut microbiome and your body,” says Dr. Cresci. As an infant, your gut microbiome helps develop your gut immune system, and then as an adult, it helps maintain it. There is still 10 research on how the gut microbiome works with parts of the body like your brain, heart, liver and lungs. 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．H 4．I 5．J 6．F 7．K 8．A 9．G 10．E 【导语】文章主要介绍了“肠道微生物群”与健康的关系。 1．考查动词。句意：虽然这个流行说法基于我们的直觉，但我们的肠道确实在我们的健康以及我们的感觉和功能方面发挥作用。根据上文“our health and how we feel”可知，此处应表示肠道对我们身体功能的影响，故应用动词function“起作用，发挥功能”，和feel并列作从句谓语。 2．考查名词。句意：肠道健康是你整体身心健康的重要组成部分。根据空后的and mental可知，此处and连接形容词physical和mental，作定语，修饰名词health，故此处应用D项形容词“physical(身体的)”。 3．考查名词。句意：我们知道肠道中的细菌影响从消化到心理健康的一切。空处作宾语，根据上文“the bacteria in our gut”可知，上文提到了我们肠道中的菌群，可推理出肠道细菌会影响消化过程，故此处应用H项名词“digestion (消化)”作宾语。 4．考查动词。句意：现在对微生物群和肠道健康的关注和研究如此之多，以至于专家们经常将其称为“第二大脑”。空处为结果状语从句的谓语动词，主语为experts，为复数，根据下文“as the ‘second brain.’”可知，此处指“专家们把它称作‘第二大脑’”，故此处应用I项动词“refer”，refer to...as...意为“把……称为……”。 5．考查动词。句意：我们不是在谈论几百种微生物——据估计，人体内部约有100万亿个微生物，其中许多位于肠道中。根据下文“that about 100 trillion microbes are found inside the human body” 可知，下文说的是人体内部约有100万亿个微生物，这是一个估计的数值，故此处应用J项动词“estimated(估计)”，且“It is estimated that... ”为固定句型，意为“据估计……”。 6．考查动词。句意：我们一直通过食物和水摄入微生物。根据上文“As you take food”及下文“microbes all the time through our food and water”可知，上文提到了进食，下文提到了食物和水，可推理出此处表示摄入微生物，故此处应用F项动词“consuming(消耗，摄入)”，和空前的are构成现在进行时。 7．考查副词。句意：其平衡会受到饮食、感染和某些药物等因素的显著影响。根据下文“affected by factors”可知，下文说的是受因素影响，可推理出此处需用副词修饰动词affected，表示影响的程度，故应用K项副词“significantly(显著地)”。 8．考查动词。句意：而形成不健康的肠道微生物群会导致某些疾病并影响心理健康。根据下文“an unhealthy gut microbiome”可知，下文说的是不健康的肠道微生物群，可推理出此处表示“形成”不健康的微生物群，故应用A项动词“developing(发展，形成）”，此处动名词短语在句中作主语。 9．考查名词。句意：多年来我们了解到，肠道微生物群和身体之间有很多相互作用。根据下文“between your gut microbiome and your body”可知，下文说的是肠道微生物群和身体之间，可推理出此处表示两者之间的相互作用，故应用G项名词“interaction(相互作用)”，在从句中作主语。 10．考查形容词。句意：关于肠道微生物群如何与大脑、心脏、肝脏和肺等身体部位协同工作，仍有持续的研究。根据下文“on how the gut microbiome works with parts of the body like your brain, heart, liver and lungs.”可知，会有持续性的研究，故应用E项形容词“continuous(持续的)”作定语，修饰名词research。 （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．way  B．free  C． right  D．problematic  E. intended  F. means G. prone  H. possessions  I. held  J. live  K. honor Many hoarders don’t see their behavior as disordered, and psychology didn’t either — at first. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the holy book of psychiatric diagnoses, was revised to list severe hoarding as a disorder in its own 1 . To meet the diagnostic criteria, someone must have acquired an unmanageable, even hazardous number of 2 that appear to be useless or of limited value — yet would cause them severe distress if discarded. At first, it was called Collyer’s syndrome, in 3 of Homer and Langley Collyer, brothers who, between 1909 and 1947, slowly buried themselves in their family mansion, filling it inch by inch. By mid century, as mass production and a postwar economic boom made it possible for people of modest 4 to acquire more and more objects, Collyer’s syndrome became more widespread. Psychologists decided that hoarding must be subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a repeated, ritualized action 5 to ward off anxiety. That categorization 6 for decades — even though clinical hoarding affects up to 6 percent of the world population, twice as many as OCD．A 2010 review by David Mataix-Cols at King’s College London noted that at least 80 percent of people who engaged in extreme hoarding didn’t meet the criteria for OCD．They were more 7 to depression than those with OCD． They struggled more with decision-making. They were much less inclined to recognize their behavior as 8 . Genetic linkage studies showed a different pattern of heritability than OCD, and brain scans showed a different pattern of activation. Drugs that were successful in treating OCD were not effective for hoarding. Finally, in 2013, hoarding disorder was sprung 9 of the OCD category. And it can be connected to an array of causes as motley (混杂) as the stuff that gets hoarded. It shows up on a continuum, spanning everything from an overcluttered home that’s spun out of control. It can extend to the accumulation of 10 animals (though that’s a very different proposition). 【答案】 1．C 2．H 3．K 4．F 5．E 6．I 7．G 8．D 9．B 10．J 【导语】主要介绍了囤积症从最初被视为强迫症的一种亚型，到最终被《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》列为独立精神障碍的诊断与认知历程。 1．考查名词。句意：2013年，《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》这本精神病诊断的权威著作经过修订，将严重囤积症本身列为一种疾病。空处作介词in的宾语，应用名词，right为名词，构成固定短语in its own right，意为“本身”，符合句意。 2．考查名词。句意：要满足诊断标准，一个人必须获得了数量难以管理甚至具有危险性的物品，这些物品看似无用或价值有限——但如果丢弃它们，却会给此人带来严重的痛苦。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词。根据“that appear to be useless or of limited value”可知，possessions为名词，含义为“财产；物品”，符合句意。 3．考查名词。句意：最初，它被称为科利尔综合征，以纪念霍默和兰利·科利尔兄弟，这对兄弟在1909年至137年间，一点一点地用物品填满他们的家族豪宅，最终将自己埋葬其中。空处作介词in的宾语，应用名词。根据“At first, it was called Collyer’s syndrome”可知，honor为名词，含义为“荣誉；敬意”，构成固定短语in honor of，意为“为纪念……”，符合句意。 4．考查名词。句意：到了世纪中叶，随着大规模生产和战后经济繁荣使收入普通的人也能够购买越来越多的物品，科利尔综合征变得更加普遍。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词，根据“as mass production and a postwar economic boom”可知，means为名词，含义为“收入；财富”，构成固定短语people of modest means，意为“收入普通的人”，符合句意。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家认定囤积症一定是强迫症的一种亚型：一种重复的、仪式化的行为，旨在抵御焦虑。空处修饰名词action，作后置定语，intend和被修饰词action构成被动关系，应用过去分词intended，构成be intended to do sth结构，含义为“旨在；意图是”符合语意。 6．考查动词时态。句意：这种分类持续了数十年——尽管临床囤积症影响全球多达6%的人口，是强迫症患病人数的两倍。空处在句中作谓语，且根据时间状语for decades可知应用一般过去时；根据“for decades”可知，held为动词hold的过去式，含义为“保持；持续”，符合句意。 7．考查形容词。句意：他们比强迫症患者更容易患抑郁症。空处作were的表语，应用形容词，根据“than those with OCD”可知，prone为形容词，含义为“易于……的；有……倾向的”，构成固定搭配be prone to，意为“易于做某事”，符合句意。 8．考查形容词。句意：他们更不愿意承认自己的行为有问题。在这里考查固定搭配recognize...as，as后面可以加名词或形容词，意为“承认……是……”。在这里用形容词problematic，含义为“有问题的；成问题的”，符合句意。 9．考查形容词。句意：最终，在2013年，囤积症从强迫症类别中脱离出来。空处位于动词sprung之后，构成固定搭配spring...free of，意为“摆脱；脱离”应用形容词free，含义为“自由的；不受约束的”，符合句意。 10．考查形容词。句意：它可以延伸到活体动物的积累（尽管这是一个非常不同的情况）。空处修饰名词animals，作定语，应用形容词，根据“animals”可知，live为形容词，含义为“活的；有生命的”，符合句意。 三、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期末）In April 2026, Sony AI announced a major new scientific breakthrough from its flagship research initiative, Project Ace. This news made headlines all over the world. Research on the advanced autonomous table tennis robot Ace had its complete findings officially published in Nature, a top journal, attracting very wide attention from global technology experts and AI researchers. Everyone in the field was excited about it. For many years in the past, traditional table tennis robots had quite clear technical limitations. They could only operate under simplified conditions, such as lower ball speed and reduced spin, which were not challenging enough for real games. Most early robots simply relied on fixed ball paths from serving machines and failed to deal with flexible, changeable strategies from real human players who could change their plans anytime. As a result, unfortunately, no previous robot could ever compete fairly with well-trained athletes under official competition rules. That is why they never won official matches. In contrast, however, the Ace robot is equipped with very professional hardware and a high-precision perception system which works like human eyes. A flexible high-speed robotic arm enables it to adjust hitting angles and strength instantly with great accuracy, just like a real player or even better. Meanwhile, multiple synchronous high-speed cameras act as very sensitive visual sensors, very accurately capturing the ball’s real-time speed, flight path and complex spin with extremely low delay in no time. This advanced hardware allows the robot to observe the court and respond far faster than human beings, and never tires. Ace also adopts a core physical AI technology called model-free reinforcement learning. This is a new way of training robots. Instead of following preset movements, the robot continuously collects match data in real time, analyzes opponents’ playing styles, and adjusts its own strategies independently during real-time games. It can flexibly deal with very fast attacks and tricky spins in dynamic matches. This makes it a true competitor. In formal tests, which were very strict, all games exactly followed full International Table Tennis Federation rules and were supervised by professional referees. Ace defeated three out of five strong elite (精英) players in standard matches. Nevertheless, it still suffered defeats against professional players, reflecting the big gap that still exists between the robot and top human athletes. It is truly still recognized as the first physical robot in history to reach real human expert-level performance in standard competitive sports. This is a huge step for robot sports. This success highlights the truly great potential of physical AI in handling real-world dynamic tasks like sports. Its core technologies can be applied to smart factories, household service robots and high-precision medical equipment, driving the rapid development of future intelligent technology. These uses will improve our lives a lot. 1．How are the paragraphs from two to six organized? A．Problem description→data analysis→expert opinions→summary B．Past failures→present solution→test results→future uses C．Historical overview→technical details→player interviews→limitations D．Cause and effect→comparison→personal view→prediction 2．The underlined word “synchronous” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．operating with a fixed time delay B．working at different speeds separately C．happening or moving at the same time D．recording images from multiple angles 3．What can be inferred from the passage about the elite players who competed against Ace? A．They were all professional players with international titles. B．They had never played against any table tennis robot before. C．All the professional players can not perform better than Ace. D．They were easily defeated by Ace in every single match. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Sony AI’s New Robot: A Future Threat to Human Athletes B．How Table Tennis Robots Have Evolved over the Past Decade C．A Major Breakthrough of Physical AI in Competitive Sports D．Nature Journal’s Latest Issue on AI Technology and Robotics 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了索尼乒乓球机器人Ace突破传统机器人技术短板，依托先进硬件与AI技术在正式比赛中对战人类选手，也说明了该项实体人工智能技术的应用前景。 1．推理判断题。第二段“For many years in the past, traditional table tennis robots had quite clear technical limitations.(在过去多年里，传统乒乓球机器人存在明显的技术短板)”介绍以往机器人的缺陷；第三、四段介绍Ace机器人的硬件与核心技术，即当下的解决方案；第五段“In formal tests, which were very strict, all games exactly followed full International Table Tennis Federation rules and were supervised by professional referees.(在严格的正式测试中，所有比赛完全遵循国际乒联规则，并由专业裁判监督)”展示测试结果；第六段“Its core technologies can be applied to smart factories, household service robots and high-precision medical equipment, driving the rapid development of future intelligent technology. These uses will improve our lives a lot.(其核心技术可应用于智能工厂、家用服务机器人以及高精度医疗设备领域，推动未来智能科技快速发展。这些应用也将极大改善我们的生活)”介绍技术未来的用途。由此可知文章二至六段落结构为：过去的不足→如今的解决方案→测试结果→未来应用。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, multiple synchronous high-speed cameras act as very sensitive visual sensors, very accurately capturing the ball’s real-time speed, flight path and complex spin with extremely low delay in no time.(与此同时，多台synchronous高速摄像机充当灵敏的视觉传感器，能够即时、低延迟地精准捕捉球的实时速度、飞行轨迹和复杂旋转。)”可知，这些摄像机同时运作以捕捉动态画面，因此该单词意为“同步的、同时运作的”。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Ace defeated three out of five strong elite (精英) players in standard matches. Nevertheless, it still suffered defeats against professional players, reflecting the big gap that still exists between the robot and top human athletes.(Ace在正式比赛中击败了五名实力强劲的精英选手中的三位。不过，它依旧不敌部分职业选手，这也体现出该机器人和人类顶尖运动员之间仍存在较大差距)”可知，并非所有职业选手的表现都能优于这款机器人。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sony AI announced a major new scientific breakthrough from its flagship research initiative, Project Ace.(索尼人工智能宣布其王牌研究项目Ace取得重大科学突破。)”以及最后一段“This success highlights the truly great potential of physical AI in handling real-world dynamic tasks like sports.(这次成功凸显了实体人工智能在体育运动等现实动态任务中的巨大潜力。)”可知，全文围绕实体人工智能在竞技体育领域取得的重大突破展开，所以C项“A Major Breakthrough of Physical AI in Competitive Sports(实体人工智能在竞技体育领域取得重大突破)”符合文意。 （25-26高二下·上海静安·期末）“Ouch!” I cried. My handphone was nowhere in sight, leaving me with no way of calling for help. I was trapped in my car alone. It all happened in a flash. I had hit my brakes hard to avoid hitting a goat that was running across the road. To my horror, the car crashed onto a lamppost near the crossing of Mandai Road and Yishun Road. Without my glasses, I was lost. When there was no smoke indicating no immediate disaster, I breathed a sigh of relief. Just then, a boy rushed over from across the road despite his friends shouting out to him about the oncoming traffic. “Madam, are you all right?” the boy asked gently. He introduced himself as Ashvin and I asked him to help me look for my glasses. I was thankful when he found my glasses at the rear seat. When I put on my glasses, I saw Ashvin’s friends looking at us from afar. Ashvin was determined to stay by my car to comfort me. I smiled weakly and thanked him. From my car, I saw the goat’s horns stuck between the green metal fences by the side of the road. The goat must have been frightened by the loud bang and had charged into the metal fences. Eventually, it somehow managed to free itself and ran into the woods nearby. Not far away, I could see several bystanders using their handphones to film the scene. They must be taking pictures to post on social media about this accident. However, shouldn’t they be helping someone in need? I was upset. Just then, someone in the crowd shouted, “Watch out! The lamppost is falling!” The lamppost hit by my car was leaning towards my vehicle. Fear took over my body. “Oh no!” I cried. Death seemed to be a certainty. To my surprise, many drivers got out of their cars and rushed forward to support the lamppost. They took turns to hold up the lamppost until help arrived. Soon, the maintenance-workers reached the scene. They used equipment to support the lamppost. After a few minutes, an ambulance arrived and I was wheeled into the ambulance. I finally managed to escape with minor injuries. That was when I realized how lucky I had been. 1．What caused the car accident? A．Making a phone call while driving. B．Loss of view caused by the missing glasses. C．The malfunctioning of the brakes. D．The intention to avoid hitting an animal. 2．In paragraph 1, the author breathed in relief because ________. A．a boy would rush to her aid B．there was a slight chance of an explosion C．she wasn’t hurt badly D．the oncoming traffic was not busy 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The author’s glasses were broken. B．The author managed to free the goat from the fences. C．The accident was reported on social media. D．The car crash made the lamppost lean down. 4．The author finally escaped death as ________. A．several drivers prevented the lamppost from falling down B．the lamppost wasn’t heavy enough to hurt her badly C．She ran to avoid the hit of the lamppost D．an ambulance arrived in time to save her life 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者驾车时为躲避一只横穿马路的山羊而撞上灯柱，被困车内。一位名叫Ashvin的男孩主动前来安慰并帮作者找到眼镜，随后灯柱倾斜欲倒，多名司机挺身而出支撑灯柱，最终作者获救并仅受轻伤的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I had hit my brakes hard to avoid hitting a goat that was running across the road. To my horror, the car crashed onto a lamppost near the crossing of Mandai Road and Yishun Road.(我猛踩刹车以避免撞到一只正在横穿马路的山羊。令我惊恐的是，车子撞上了万礼路与义顺路交叉口附近的一根灯柱)”可知，事故的原因是作者为了躲避一只动物（山羊）而紧急刹车，导致车辆失控撞上灯柱。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When there was no smoke indicating no immediate disaster, I breathed a sigh of relief.(当没有看到烟雾，表明没有即刻的灾难时，我松了一口气)”可知，作者松了一口气是因为没有看到烟雾，意味着几乎没有爆炸的危险。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Just then, someone in the crowd shouted, 'Watch out! The lamppost is falling!' The lamppost hit by my car was leaning towards my vehicle.(就在这时，人群中有人喊道：“小心！灯柱要倒了！”被我的车撞到的灯柱正朝我的车倾斜)”可知，是车祸导致灯柱倾斜欲倒。根据文章内容可知，眼镜并未损坏，只是掉在了后座；山羊是自己挣脱围栏跑掉的；文中只提到路人拍照准备发社交媒体，并未说事故已被报道。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To my surprise, many drivers got out of their cars and rushed forward to support the lamppost. They took turns to hold up the lamppost until help arrived.(令我惊讶的是，许多司机下车冲上前去支撑灯柱。他们轮流托住灯柱，直到救援人员到达)”可知，作者最终逃脱死亡是因为多名司机及时支撑住了灯柱，防止其倒下砸中车辆。 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Land rights for the indigenous are still a problem, but is it time to turn our attention to language? According to the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, ‘suppressing indigenous people’s demands to a healthy environment continues to be an issue. However, there is an issue beyond land use that the human rights NGO sees as being in need of discussion, one that in fact requires more talking in general. The loss of indigenous languages around the world is a growing concern. The Rosetta Project, a network of language experts and native speakers working to preserve “endangered tongues”, has suggested that one language is being lost to the world every three months, a trend set to continue as it calculates that 92 per cent of the world’s languages are spoken by fewer than ten people each. UNESCO, meanwhile, has previously suggested that a language is becoming extinct every two weeks, and that “approximately 600 languages have disappeared in the last century”. As well as the rate, there is also disagreement in official circles over what actually defines language loss, with no one providing definitive criteria for when one crosses the point of no return. David Crystal, a patron for the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, has suggested that language extinction be when “the last person who speaks it dies”. He states that while “there is nothing unusual about a single language dying,” we are witnessing language extinction “on a massive scale”. Providing estimates and causation theories are various key stakeholders stressing the importance of language diversity. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues explains that “this threat is acutely felt by indigenous peoples”. This is due to the languages no longer being taught to emerging generations, being almost exclusively a possession of the elders. In Crystal’s words, this is an issue; those speaking a language “are a living monument to what the community once was”, a responsibility he feels the next generation should carry. While not passing a language on to a younger generation does have a major influence on its extinction, the globalization of English has also played a key role. There are currently estimated to be some 360 million English as first-language speakers across almost 100 countries worldwide. Its use in governments, academic journals and trade negotiations has aided this spread. Patricia Ryan, a long-time English teacher in the Middle East who has given many high-profile talks on the effects of English around the world, explains that while it is the “undisputed global language”, English does not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts, something Ryan believes is often forgotten. “When a language dies, we don't always know what we lose with that language,” she says. Extinction isn’t always the end of the road for a language, however. The death, then later rebirth, of spoken Israeli Hebrew shows how, with concerted effort, a once-dead tongue can find a new lease of life. At the beginning of the 19th century, the language only existed in scholarly and religious written work having died out in spoken form around 200 to 400 CE. According to Claude Hagege, a noted French linguist who himself speaks some 50 languages, its revival as a spoken form used in everyday Jewish life occurred only because of the “strong will” of the Israeli Jews. It is now estimated that there are nine million Hebrew speakers worldwide. Campaigners such as those at the Rosetta Project are asking whether more languages should hold official status, such as Welsh. In Wales, both English and Welsh were made official languages in 1993 under the Welsh Language Act, the goal being for both tongues to carry the same importance and be widely used across the country — extinction prohibited by legislation. The legal system, road signs and education all now contain English and Welsh versions sitting side by side. A new set of goals under the Welsh government's Cymraeg 2050 strategy include the aim to create one million Welsh speakers by 2050. UNESCO is hoping similar tactics will be just as successful on a much larger scale. 2019 has been designated the International Year of Indigenous Languages. This will involve stressing the importance of linguistic diversity, stating that it “matters for development, peace-building and reconciliation” The action plan for the year suggests the centrality of indigenous peoples in official decision-making, drawing on their anecdotal knowledge. There will also be an emphasis on the development of language-sharing technology. Preparation for the year has, in fact, already begun with the first official event having taken place last month. A three-day international seminar in Asunción, Paraguay was used to present the achievements of previous language policies and to detail how UNESCO was hoping to build on these results. Further, an International Decade on Indigenous Languages (covering 2020 to 2030) was also proposed to continue any targets unmet within the course of 2019. UNESCO stresses that avoiding indigenous language extinction will play “a vital role in the sustainable development of the communities that speak them.” 1．What is the primary concern regarding indigenous languages according to the passage? A．Indigenous people are demanding more land rights from their governments. B．Indigenous languages are disappearing at an alarming rate worldwide. C．There is disagreement over how to define language extinction accurately. D．UNESCO lacks sufficient funding to support language preservation projects. 2．According to David Crystal, what distinguishes current language extinction from historical patterns? A．Modern technology has accelerated the process of language death. B．Younger generations are more resistant to learning traditional languages. C．The scale of language extinction today is unprecedented in human history. D．Governments are now more actively involved in language preservation efforts. 3．What can be inferred about the role of English globalization in language extinction? A．English is deliberately designed to replace indigenous languages worldwide. B．English speakers intentionally ignore the cultural values embedded in other languages. C．The dominance of English in key domains inadvertently contributes to language loss. D．English is the only factor responsible for the extinction of indigenous languages. 4．The example of Hebrew revival is used to illustrate that ______. A．Language extinction can be reversed through collective determination and effort. B．All extinct languages can be revived if enough resources are invested. C．Religious languages have a better chance of survival than secular ones. D．Written records are more important than spoken traditions for language preservation. 5．What is the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Globalization of English: Threat or Opportunity? B．UNESCO's 2019: A Year for Indigenous Languages C．Hebrew Revival: A Model for Language Preservation D．Indigenous Languages: Crisis, Causes, and Conservation Efforts 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文阐述全球土著语言快速消亡的严峻危机，分析失传背后多重成因，同时列举语言复兴案例与多国、国际组织采取的各类保护行动。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, ‘suppressing indigenous people’s demands to a healthy environment continues to be an issue. However, there is an issue beyond land use that the human rights NGO sees as being in need of discussion, one that in fact requires more talking in general. The loss of indigenous languages around the world is a growing concern. (国际土著事务工作组表示，压制原住民对健康环境的诉求仍是一大问题。该人权组织认为，除土地利用外，还有亟待探讨的议题，也亟需各方多加交流。全球范围内土著语言不断消亡，愈发令人担忧。)”可知，文章首要关注的问题是土著语言正以惊人速度不断消失。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He states that while “there is nothing unusual about a single language dying,” we are witnessing language extinction “on a massive scale”.(他称单一语言消亡不足为奇，但如今我们正见证大规模的语言灭绝现象。)”可知，当下语言消亡的规模在人类历史上前所未有。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“While not passing a language on to a younger generation does have a major influence on its extinction, the globalization of English has also played a key role. There are currently estimated to be some 360 million English as first-language speakers across almost 100 countries worldwide. Its use in governments, academic journals and trade negotiations has aided this spread. Patricia Ryan, a long-time English teacher in the Middle East who has given many high-profile talks on the effects of English around the world, explains that while it is the “undisputed global language”, English does not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts, something Ryan believes is often forgotten. “When a language dies, we don’t always know what we lose with that language,” she says.(未能将语言代代传承是语言消亡的重要原因，而英语的全球化进程也起到了关键作用。据统计，目前全球近百个国家约有3.6亿英语母语者。英语广泛应用于政务、学术期刊及贸易谈判领域，进一步助推其传播。帕特里夏・瑞安长期在中东从事英语教学，多次发表备受关注的演讲，探讨英语带来的全球影响。她表示，英语虽是无可争议的世界通用语言，却无法尽数译出本土语言的观点与特有词汇，这点常被人们忽略。她说道：“一门语言消逝，我们往往说不清究竟失去了什么。”)”可知，英语在关键领域占据主导，无意间造成土著语言流失。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“The death, then later rebirth, of spoken Israeli Hebrew shows how, with concerted effort, a once-dead tongue can find a new lease of life.(以色列希伯来语先消亡、后复兴的历程表明，齐心协力之下，一门已然绝迹的语言能够重获生机。)”可知，该事例说明凭借集体决心与行动可以逆转语言消亡。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据第二段“The loss of indigenous languages around the world is a growing concern.(世界各地土著语言的消亡问题正日益受到关注。)”、第五段“While not passing a language on to a younger generation does have a major influence on its extinction, the globalization of English has also played a key role. (虽说未能将语言传承给后代是其消亡的重要诱因，但英语全球化也对此影响颇深。)”以及第七段“Campaigners such as those at the Rosetta Project are asking whether more languages should hold official status, such as Welsh. (罗塞塔项目等相关倡议人士呼吁，更多语言应取得官方地位，威尔士语便是一例。)”可知，文章围绕土著语言的消亡危机、成因及保护措施展开论述。所以D项“Indigenous Languages: Crisis, Causes, and Conservation Efforts(土著语言：危机、成因与保护)”符合文意。 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）It happens just about every time I go to a restaurant with my daughter. I open the menu and scan the options. Then I glance at the children’s menu. Oftentimes, the menu is pretty similar, with the same pasta and tomato sauce. But the items on the children’s menu are usually less expensive, and I’ll think to myself: Wow, good deal. If I think again for a moment, though, the deal isn’t really a deal. After all, I estimated the cost of the pasta based on the adult menu, not on the actual cost of making some bow-tie noodles and serving them with a red sauce. My faulty reasoning is the product of anchoring, a cognitive bias (认知偏差) that can weaken our critical thinking. According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments. Our minds give too much weight to initial impressions or numbers that influence our subsequent thoughts. In my case, the prices on the adult menu shaped or anchored my judgment about the value of the items on the children’s menu. Studies show that anchoring effects persist, no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision. One study found that “estimates of an athlete’s performance were influenced by the number on his jersey (运动衫).” In other words, people thought that an athlete with a higher jersey number was better than an athlete with a lower number, all else being equal. Anchoring affects all kinds of decisions, even those made by experts who should know better. In particular, a recent study shows that anchoring is far more common in the financial world than previously believed, with substantial anchoring effects influencing performance in the stock market. A study showed that investors valued firms more highly if the firms had higher stock prices. So, if two companies have the same financial profile except that Company X has fewer shares at a higher price than Company Y, then Company X’s shares will sell better over the long run than Company Y’s. Why? Because the stock price-the anchor-enhances the company’s perceived value. The phenomenon of anchoring shows that while we think of ourselves as rational and logical beings, unrelated details can have an outsized influence on our reasoning. The best solution is to improve critical thinking skills. Otherwise, you might be a victim of anchoring, dragged down by your bias, whether you notice it or not. 1．Why does the author mention his restaurant experience with his daughter at the beginning? A．To show that the price should be estimated on the actual cost of dishes. B．To introduce the concept of anchoring in a vivid and relatable way. C．To explain the real cost of producing simple food like pasta. D．To point out the unfair price difference between adults and kids. 2．According to the researchers mentioned in the passage, what characterizes the cognitive bias of anchoring? A．People tend to completely ignore previous data when presented with new financial information. B．People rely on facts that are unrelated but readily available to form their judgments. C．People make decisions by carefully calculating the average of all available numerical data. D．People give equal importance to the first and last pieces of information they encounter. 3．Which of the following is a typical example of anchoring? A．A buyer thinks a discounted car is good value just because its original price was very high. B．A customer chooses a meal because it is healthy and delicious. C．A fan supports a team because they won the championship last year. D．A student works harder after receiving encouragement from teachers. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Initial Numbers Mislead Our Daily Judgments B．Hidden Bias That Distorts Financial Decisions C．Anchoring: A Powerful Cognitive Bias D．Logical Thinking Against Unreasonable Beliefs 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章中作者借餐厅点餐经历引入锚定效应，它会让人受初始信息误导判断。该偏差普遍存在，甚至影响专业人士，提升思辨能力才能避免受其干扰。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It happens just about every time I go to a restaurant with my daughter. I open the menu and scan the options. Then I glance at the children’s menu. Oftentimes, the menu is pretty similar, with the same pasta and tomato sauce. But the items on the children’s menu are usually less expensive, and I’ll think to myself: Wow, good deal. (每次我和女儿去餐馆吃饭时，这种情况都会发生。我翻开菜单，浏览各种选项。然后我会看看儿童菜单。通常，儿童菜单上的菜品和成人菜单差不多，都是同样的意大利面和番茄酱。但儿童菜单上的菜品价格往往更低，我就会暗自感叹：哇，真是个划算的买卖。)”以及第三段“My faulty reasoning is the product of anchoring, a cognitive bias (认知偏差) that can weaken our critical thinking. (我这种错误的推理是“锚定效应”造成的，这是一种认知偏差，会削弱我们的批判性思维能力。)”可知，作者在开头提及他与女儿在餐厅的经历是为了以生动且易于理解的方式引入锚定效应的概念。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments. (据研究人员称，锚定效应指的是人们会依据那些不相关但容易获取的事实来做出判断。)”可知，锚定效应的认知偏差体现在人们会依据那些虽不相关但又容易获取的事实来形成自己的判断。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments. Our minds give too much weight to initial impressions or numbers that influence our subsequent thoughts. In my case, the prices on the adult menu shaped or anchored my judgment about the value of the items on the children’s menu. (据研究人员称，锚定效应指的是人们会依据那些不相关但容易获取的事实来做出判断。我们的大脑往往会过分重视最初的印象或那些会影响我们后续想法的数字。以我为例，成人菜单上的价格影响并决定了我对儿童菜单上菜品价值的判断。)”可知，锚定效应指依靠无关的初始信息判断，故“一位买家认为一辆打折的汽车物有所值，仅仅是因为其原价非常高”是锚定效应的典型例子。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“My faulty reasoning is the product of anchoring, a cognitive bias (认知偏差) that can weaken our critical thinking. (我这种错误的推理是“锚定效应”造成的，这是一种认知偏差，会削弱我们的批判性思维能力。)”结合文章中作者借餐厅点餐经历引入锚定效应，它会让人受初始信息误导判断。该偏差普遍存在，甚至影响专业人士，提升思辨能力才能避免受其干扰。可知，C选项“锚定效应：一种强大的认知偏差”最符合文章标题。 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）The sun sets on a field in southern England. When it rises again the following morning, that field has been transformed into an enormous work of art. A large section of the crop has been tamped into a pattern of circles, rings and other shapes. But who created it? Are crop circles the work of alien visitors? Are they a natural phenomenon, created by electrically charged currents of air? Or are they hoaxes? Believers and naysayers each have their own theories, but the truth remains elusive. UFOs and Aliens    Possibly the most controversial theory is that crop circles are the work of visitors from other planets — sort of like alien calling cards. People who agree with this theory say that the circles are either the imprint left by landing spacecraft or messages brought from afar for us earthlings. Some eyewitnesses claim to have seen UFO-like lights and strange noises coming from crop circle sites.     Winds Probably the most scientific theory says that crop circles are created by small currents of swirling winds. The spinning columns force a burst of air down to the ground, which flattens the crops.    But the question remains — how can a few seconds worth of spinning air create such perfectly defined crop circles?   Aircraft    A few researchers have theorized that small airplanes or helicopters stir up downdrafts that push the crops down into patterns. Recreation attempts so far have not been able to produce the types of downdrafts necessary to make the perfectly round edges seen in most crop circles.   Earth Energy   Some researchers believe that the earth creates its own energy, which forms the circles. One possible form of earth energy is electromagnetic radiation. In fact, scientists have measured strong magnetic fields inside crop circles, and visitors have sometimes reported feeling a tingling sensation in their body while in or near the circles.   Humans    The easiest explanation for crop circles is that they are man-made hoaxes, created either for fun or to stump the scientists. Colin Andrews, cereologist and author of the book, Circular Evidence, admits that about 80 percent of crop circles are probably man-made, but says that the other 20 percent are probably the work of some “higher force.” 1．According to the passage, which of the following theories is supported by measurable scientific evidence? A．Crop circles are created by alien spacecraft landings. B．Crop circles are formed by electromagnetic radiation from the earth. C．Crop circles are produced by downdrafts from aircraft. D．Crop circles are entirely the result of human hoaxes. 2．What can be inferred about the wind theory from the passage? A．It is widely accepted by most scientists. B．It has been proven through successful experiments. C．It is considered less scientific than the alien theory. D．It fails to fully explain the precision of crop circles. 3．Which of the following best describes Colin Andrews' attitude toward the origin of crop circles? A．He believes all crop circles are created by humans. B．He is skeptical about any non-human explanations. C．He acknowledges both human and possibly non-human causes. D．He is convinced that aliens are responsible for most crop circles. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】主要介绍了多种关于麦田怪圈形成原因的理论，包括外星访客、风、飞机、地球能量以及人类恶作剧等。文中对每种理论进行了阐述，有的理论存在争议，有的缺乏足够证据支持，而地球能量理论中有科学家测量到麦田怪圈内存在强磁场这一可测量的科学证据。 1．细节理解题。根据“Earth Energy”部分“Some researchers believe that the earth creates its own energy, which forms the circles. One possible form of earth energy is electromagnetic radiation. In fact, scientists have measured strong magnetic fields inside crop circles, and visitors have sometimes reported feeling a tingling sensation in their body while in or near the circles.(一些研究人员认为，地球产生自身的能量，形成了这些圆圈。地球能量的一种可能形式是电磁辐射。事实上，科学家们已经测量到麦田怪圈内有强磁场，而且游客有时报告说，当他们在怪圈内或附近时，身体会有一种刺痛感)”可知，有可测量的科学证据支持麦田怪圈是由地球的电磁辐射形成的这一理论。 2．推理判断题。根据“Winds”部分“But the question remains — how can a few seconds worth of spinning air create such perfectly defined crop circles?(但问题依然存在——几秒钟的旋转气流怎么能创造出如此形状完美的麦田怪圈呢？)”可知，风的理论无法充分解释麦田怪圈的精确性。 3．推理判断题。根据“Humans”部分“Colin Andrews, cereologist and author of the book, Circular Evidence, admits that about 80 percent of crop circles are probably man - made, but says that the other 20 percent are probably the work of some “higher force.””(麦田怪圈研究专家、《圆形证据》一书的作者科林·安德鲁斯承认，大约80%的麦田怪圈可能是人为的，但他说另外20%可能是某种“更高力量”的杰作)”可知，科林·安德鲁斯承认麦田怪圈的成因既有人类因素，也可能有非人类因素。 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. Something is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together — honesty, kindness, and so on — accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law — and finally no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communities — smaller towns, usually — where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare “In this family certain things are not permitted — they simply are not done!” Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Someone considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you irritate him. The main cause of this break-down is a shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized, by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home. I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it. 1．What the wise man said suggests that ________. A．it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil B．society will be overcome by evil if good men do nothing about it C．it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil D．it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil 2．The author will agree if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________. A．society is to be held responsible B．modern civilization is responsible for it C．the criminal himself should bear the blame D．the government should take the blame 3．The author is sorry to have noticed that________. A．people in large cities tend to excuse criminals B．people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards C．today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty D．people in disadvantaged circumstances are likely to commit crimes 4．The key point of the passage is that ________. A．stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families B．more good examples should be set for people to follow C．more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior D．more people should accept the value of accountability 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者以警察的身份指出，当前美国社会犯罪增多、道德滑坡的核心原因是责任感的缺失，呼吁更多人树立责任意识，让罪犯为自己的行为承担后果。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.(邪恶能够得逞的唯一必要条件，就是善良的人们无所作为。)”可推知，如果善良的人在邪恶面前无所作为，那么整个社会就会被邪恶战胜。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.(在美国，我们迫切需要更多人相信，犯罪之人理应对其罪行负责)”可推知，作者认为罪犯本人应该承担罪责。 3．推理判断题。根据第八段中的“Now, in a shocking reversal, it's the criminal who is considered victimized.(如今，令人震惊的是情况发生了逆转，被视为受害者的竟是罪犯)”可推知，在大城市及郊区，人们的内在约束在松懈，越来越倾向于为罪犯找借口，这是作者感到遗憾的现象。 4．主旨大意题。本文的主旨句位于最后一段，即“We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.(在美国，我们迫切需要更多的人相信，实施犯罪的人应该为此承担责任)”。全文围绕责任感这一核心话题展开论述，强调责任感是维系社会最重要的品质，呼吁更多人接受并坚守责任感这一价值观。 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）For three days she remained at the grand and magnificent gate of the television station, as though once planted there she could no longer be lifted out of the ground. She was a thin village girl with a strange accent, all elbows and knees, her body so slight that the coarse cloth of her jacket seemed to hang from bone rather than flesh. Her face was browned by sun and wind; her hair, parted in the middle, was drawn back without softness. When she stood still, she looked dry and narrow as a stalk left after harvest. Yet she did not often stand still. She was always watching. The guard had refused her at the very beginning. No papers. No pass. No entry. She had listened with her head slightly lowered, her hands hanging by her sides, the fingers rough and reddened, opening and then closing. When she heard that the station director wore glasses, she lifted her face at once. After that, her eyes hardly left the gate. Each time a prospect came out, she would dart forward two or three steps, quick and abrupt, stopping so suddenly that the soles of her shoes scraped the ground. She would tip her head back to look at his face, staring first at the glasses, then at the mouth, as if comparing him with some image she had made in her own mind. “Are you the director?” she would ask. The question was always the same. No greeting, no apology, no explanation beforehand. Her voice was flat, dry, and direct, carrying the accent of the countryside in every syllable. When the answer was no, she stood aside and waited for the next pair of glasses. By the second day her lips had gone pale. Dust clung to her trouser legs. She squatted when she was tired, arms wrapped round her knees, but even then she kept turning her head toward the doorway. At the slightest movement, she sprang up again. “Are you the director?” Sometimes she asked it quickly, almost before the man had fully crossed the threshold; sometimes she spoke more slowly, each word pushed out with effort after hours of waiting. At night she did not leave. In the morning she was still there, hair rumpled, eyes swollen from lack of sleep, asking the same question in the same tone, as if the three days had not lengthened time at all, but merely worn away everything except that single sentence. 1．The girl’s appearance and behaviour at the TV station reveals that she __________. A．tried to adapt to the TV station rules. B．gave in to the guard’s denial of her entry. C．didn’t belong to the modern world. D．was energetic amongst people’s indifference. 2．The underlined sentence in paragraph 3 best reveals that she __________ A．wanted to challenge the guard. B．fixed more on her purpose than on manners. C．thought city people disliked long talks. D．was afraid her accent would be laughed at. 3．Which of the following descriptions is LEAST related to showing the girl’s persistence? A．She looked dry and narrow as a stalk left after harvest. B．After that, her eyes never left the gate. C．She stood aside and waited for the next pair of glasses. D．At the slightest movement, she sprang up again. 4．How does the writer build up the image of the girl in the passage? A．Symbolism B．Parallelism C．Exaggeration D．Contrast 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章讲述了一位淳朴瘦弱的乡村女孩连续三天守在电视台大门口，不顾门卫阻拦、不顾身心疲惫，执着地寻找戴眼镜的台长，作者通过外貌、动作、言行刻画了女孩质朴执拗、与都市环境格格不入的形象。 1．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“She was a thin village girl with a strange accent, all elbows and knees, her body so slight that the coarse cloth of her jacket seemed to hang from bone rather than flesh.(她是一个瘦弱的乡下女孩，口音怪异，身形嶙峋单薄，身上粗布外套松垮地挂在骨架上，仿佛底下没有血肉。)”及“For three days she remained at the grand and magnificent gate of the television station (整整三天，她一直守在气派恢宏的电视台大门口)” 可知，女孩的外貌、口音和行事方式都透着乡土气息，与都市电视台的环境格格不入，仿佛不属于现代都市世界。 2．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“No greeting, no apology, no explanation beforehand.(没有问候，没有客套致歉，也没有事先多余的解释。)” 可知，女孩一心只想确认对方是不是台长，直奔目的，完全不在意世俗的礼貌客套。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“When she stood still, she looked dry and narrow as a stalk left after harvest.(她静静站着时，干瘪瘦削，像秋收后遗留在田里的枯秸秆。)” 可知，这句话只是描写女孩的身形外貌，和她执着等候台长的坚持毫无关联。 4．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“For three days she remained at the grand and magnificent gate of the television station (整整三天，她一直守在气派恢宏的电视台大门口)”及“She was a thin village girl with a strange accent, all elbows and knees, her body so slight that the coarse cloth of her jacket seemed to hang from bone rather than flesh.(她是一个瘦弱的乡下女孩，口音怪异，身形嶙峋单薄，身上粗布外套松垮地挂在骨架上，仿佛底下没有血肉。)”及原文第三段“No greeting, no apology, no explanation beforehand.(没有问候，没有客套致歉，也没有事先多余的解释。)”和最后一段“At the slightest movement, she sprang up again.(一有丝毫动静，她就立刻猛地站起身来。) ” 等内容可知，文中将女孩枯瘦土气的外形、质朴直白的言行，与电视台规整气派的环境、世俗客套的待人方式形成反差对比，女孩自身的极度疲惫憔悴与执着等候也形成了鲜明对比，以此塑造了女孩独特的人物形象。 （25-26高二下·上海·期中）①Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have very limited time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. ②In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. ③Fortunately, new insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. ④Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call Transient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. ⑤In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. ⑥ “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 1．In a search and rescue operation, ________. A．the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B．the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C．weather conditions are a determining factor D．the constantly changing currents present a challenge 2．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A．the collection of data B．the testing of the algorithm C．the identification of the TRAPs D．the cooperation of two research teams 3．The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A．accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B．dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C．cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D．predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B．How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C．Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D．Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了一种基于动力系统理论和海洋数据开发的新算法（TRAPs），该算法能够快速精确地预测漂浮物体在海面上的移动路径，从而提高海上搜救效率、拯救生命。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第①段“Emergency teams have very limited time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.(救援队伍营救落水人员的时间非常有限，因为在六小时后找到生还者的概率会急剧下降。除了潮汐和恶劣的天气条件外，不稳定的海岸洋流常常使搜救行动变得极其困难)”可推知，不断变化的洋流给搜救行动带来了挑战。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第⑤段中的“In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States.(在与麻省理工学院团队的合作下，苏黎世联邦理工学院团队在玛莎葡萄园岛附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们基于TRAP的新搜索算法，该地位于美国东北部海岸)”以及“They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves.(他们发现投入水中的浮标和人体模型确实迅速沿着这些出现的曲线聚集)”可知，本段主要讲述了对该算法的测试过程和结果。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第④段中的“This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident.(这使得能够快速精确地规划搜索路径，且对事故发生时间和地点的不确定性不那么敏感)”以及第⑥段中的““Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra.(“我们的研究结果获取迅速、易于解读，而且实施成本低廉，”塞拉指出)”可知，新算法的主要意义在于能够以低成本、高效率追踪海岸水域中的物体和人员。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第③段中的“Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go.(利用动力系统理论和海洋数据的工具，该团队开发了一种算法来预测水中漂浮的物体和人将去往何处)”点明主旨，即数学方法（算法）在海上搜救中的应用及其拯救生命的潜力。由此可知，How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea(数学如何能在海上拯救生命)最能概括全文主旨，为本文最佳标题。 （25-26高二下·上海闵行·阶段检测）Do you ever blend up a protein drink for breakfast, or grab a protein bar following an afternoon workout? If so, you are likely among the millions of people in search of more protein-rich diets. Protein-enriched products are found everywhere. But contrary to all the publicity that everyone needs more protein, most Americans get twice as much as they need. Many of us living in the most developed countries are buying into a myth of protein deficiency created by food companies and self-identified health experts. Global retail sales of protein supplement products reached an astonishing U.S. $18.9 billion in 2020. But are we really in need of more protein? Physicians in the U.S., have never actually examined a patient with protein deficiency because simply by eating an adequate number of daily calories we are also most likely getting enough protein. In fact, Americans currently consume almost twice the National Academy of Medicine’s recommended daily intake of protein although the most desirable protein intake may vary depending on age and activity level. For example, if you’re a dedicated athlete you might need to consume higher quantities of protein. Generally, though, a 140-pound person should not exceed 120 grams of protein per day, particularly because a high protein diet can strain kidney and liver function and increase risks of developing heart disease and cancer.While fats and sugar have taken the beating in turns since over a century ago, protein has managed to remain our red-hot favorite. In the 1970s through the 1990s, protein products remained visible but moved back somewhat with the dietary spotlight firmly fixed on low-calorie, low-fat, sugar-free snack foods and beverages following the publication of studies linking sugar and saturated (饱和的) fat consumption to heart disease. Later research in 2003, however, suggested high-protein diets could aid in weight loss, and protein quickly regained its former nutrient-superstar status. Now most people living in high-income nations are consuming enough protein. When we replace meals with a protein bar or drink, we also risk missing out on the rich sources of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), vitamins and many other benefits of real food. 1．Why have physicians in the U.S. never actually examined a patient with protein deficiency? A．Americans can get sufficient protein just by eating adequate foods daily. B．Americans can absorb the number of calories recommended by food experts. C．Americans can purchase many kinds of protein-rich foods everywhere. D．Americans can rely on food supplements to prevent protein deficiency. 2．What should people take into consideration in deciding on the most preferable protein intake? A．How healthy they are and what food they eat. B．How much protein they consume and what their body weight is. C．How old they are and what activities they do. D．How serious their protein deficiency is and what remedies they use. 3．What foods have been largely out of favor for more than a century? A．Sugar-free snacks. B．Sugary and fatty foods. C．Both red and white meats. D．Protein-rich foods. 4．What does the author imply people in developed countries should do to keep healthy? A．Replace meals with protein bars. B．Eat vegetarian diets. C．Consume enough protein daily. D．Enjoy natural food. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国人蛋白质摄入过量的现状，纠正蛋白质缺乏的误区，并说明过量摄入的危害及健康建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Physicians in the U.S., have never actually examined a patient with protein deficiency because simply by eating an adequate number of daily calories we are also most likely getting enough protein.(美国的医生从未真正检查过蛋白质缺乏的患者，因为仅仅通过摄入足够的每日卡路里，我们很可能也能获得足够的蛋白质)”可知，美国医生从未检查过蛋白质缺乏的患者，是因为美国人只需每天吃足够的食物（摄入足够卡路里）就能获得充足的蛋白质。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In fact, Americans currently consume almost twice the National Academy of Medicine’s recommended daily intake of protein although the most desirable protein intake may vary depending on age and activity level.(事实上，美国人目前摄入的蛋白质几乎是国家医学院推荐每日摄入量的两倍，尽管最理想的蛋白质摄入量可能因年龄和活动水平而异)”可知，人们在决定最理想的蛋白质摄入量时，应考虑自己的年龄和所做的活动（活动水平）。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While fats and sugar have taken the beating in turns since over a century ago, protein has managed to remain our red-hot favorite.(一个多世纪以来，脂肪和糖轮流受到抨击，而蛋白质却一直是我们的热门最爱)”可知，一个多世纪以来，脂肪和糖（含糖和高脂肪的食物）在很大程度上不受欢迎，一直受到抨击。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When we replace meals with a protein bar or drink, we also risk missing out on the rich sources of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), vitamins and many other benefits of real food.(当我们用蛋白棒或蛋白饮料代替正餐时，我们也可能会错过天然食物中丰富的抗氧化剂、维生素和许多其他益处)”可推断，作者暗示发达国家的人们应该吃天然食物来保持健康。故选D项。 （25-26高二下·上海·开学考试）The purpose of international commerce is to buy things from and sell things to people in other countries. Hundreds and indeed thousands of years ago, this actually worked quite well. People who travelled to foreign lands, often by ship, would take with them items for trade. Agricultural countries would, for example, trade olive oil or wine for weapons or other worked items. All that needed to be negotiated was a “fair price” for the items. (How many axes is a barrel of oil worth, for example?) Currency did not enter into the first deals but, even when it did, few problems existed to complicate matters barring disagreements over the value of goods. Today, fixing a fair price remains at the center of international commerce. When we look at the deal from the point of view of the seller, market research must determine the price at which the goods will be sold. This may vary greatly from country to country and people are often surprised to see exactly the same item for sale at two or three times the price it sells for in another country. Taxation and local government controls are sometimes behind this, but often it comes down to the fact that people in poor countries simply cannot afford to pay the same amount of money as those in rich countries. These are the things a seller has to bear in mind when preparing a price list for goods in each country. In most cases, the purpose of setting a suitable price is to sell the maximum number of units. Usually, this is the way to guarantee the biggest profit. One exception is in the selling of luxury or specialist goods. These are often goods for which there is a limited market. Here, slightly different rules apply because the profit margin (the amount of money a producer makes on each item) is much higher. For instance, nearly everyone wants to own a television or a mobile phone, and there is a lot of competition in the area of production, forcing the prices to be competitive too. Producers have to sell a large number of items to make a profit because their profit margin is small. Not everyone wants to buy hand-made jewelry, or a machine for sticking labels onto bottles. This enables the producer to charge a price much higher than the cost of making the item, increasing the profit margin. But at the heart of any sale, whether they sell many items for a small profit, or a few items for a large profit, the prime motivation for the producer is to make as much profit as possible. At least, that was the case until relatively recently when, to the great surprise of many, companies started trading without profit as their main objective. Ethical trade began as an attempt to cause as little damage as possible to the producers of raw materials and manufactured goods in poor countries. This movement put pressure on the industry to see to it that working conditions and human rights were not damaged by the need for poorer people to produce goods. In short, it drew to the world’s attention the fact that many poor people were being exploited by big businesses in their drive to make more profit. There have been many examples throughout the developing world where local producers were forced by economic pressure to supply cash crops such as tea, coffee and cotton to major industries. These people are frequently not in a position to fix their prices, and are often forced by market conditions to sell for a price too low to support the producers and their community. Worse still, while the agricultural land is given over to cash crops, it robs the local people of the ability to grow their own food. In time, through over-production, the land becomes spent and infertile, leading to poverty, starvation, and sometimes the destruction of the whole community. Fair trade policies differ from ethical trade policies in that they take the process a stage further. Where ethical policies are designed to keep the damage to a minimum, fair trade organizations actually work to improve conditions among producers and their communities. Fair trade organizations view sustainability as a key aim. This involves implementing policies where producers are given a fair price for the goods they sell, so that they and their communities can continue to operate. Although many big businesses are cynical about an operation that does not regard profit as a main driving force, the paradox is that it will help them too. With sustainability as their main aim, fair trade organizations not only help the poorer producers obtain a reasonable standard of living, but they also help guarantee a constant supply of raw materials. This form of sustainability benefits everyone, whether their motive is making a profit or improving the lives of the world’s poorer people. 1．According to the passage, what was the main change in international commerce in recent times? A．Countries began to use currency instead of direct exchange of goods. B．Companies started to consider factors beyond profit, such as ethics and human rights. C．Producers began to charge much higher prices for their goods. D．International trade became focused only on luxury goods. 2．What does the passage say about pricing in modern international commerce? A．The same product may be sold at very different prices in different countries. B．All countries must charge the same price to ensure fairness. C．Luxury goods always have lower profit margins than ordinary goods. D．Producers no longer need to consider market research when setting prices. 3．Why might agricultural communities in developing countries face destruction? A．Because they refuse to adopt modern farming methods. B．Because wealthy countries impose unfair trade restrictions on them. C．Because growing cash crops continuously makes the land infertile and unable to support the community. D．Because fair trade organizations force them to change their traditional practices. 4．What criticism of traditional international commerce is mentioned in the passage? A．It focuses too much on agricultural products and ignores manufactured goods. B．It uses outdated methods like direct exchange instead of currency. C．It exploits poor producers in the pursuit of maximum profit. D．It charges unfairly high prices to consumers in wealthy countries. 5．What is the main message of the passage about international commerce? A．Traditional profit-focused trade is the most efficient system and should be maintained. B．Ethical trade has completely solved all problems in international commerce. C．Only developing countries can benefit from fair trade policies. D．Moving from profit-only focus to sustainable fair trade can benefit all parties involved. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了国际商务的发展变化，包括定价策略的演变、传统国际商务存在的问题，以及道德贸易和公平贸易政策的兴起及其带来的积极影响，强调了向可持续公平贸易转变对各方的益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“At least, that was the case until relatively recently when, to the great surprise of many, companies started trading without profit as their main objective. Ethical trade began as an attempt to cause as little damage as possible to the producers of raw materials and manufactured goods in poor countries. This movement put pressure on the industry to see to it that working conditions and human rights were not damaged by the need for poorer people to produce goods.(至少，在相对较近的以前情况是这样的，令许多人非常惊讶的是，公司开始不以利润为主要目的进行贸易。道德贸易最初是为了尽量减少对贫穷国家原材料和制成品生产者的损害。这一运动给该行业带来了压力，要求确保贫困人口生产商品的需要不会损害工作条件和人权)”可知，近年来国际商务的主要变化是公司开始考虑利润以外的因素。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“This may vary greatly from country to country and people are often surprised to see exactly the same item for sale at two or three times the price it sells for in another country.(这可能因国家而异，人们常常惊讶地发现，同一件商品在一个国家的售价是另一个国家的两到三倍)”可知，同一产品在不同国家的售价可能大不相同。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Worse still, while the agricultural land is given over to cash crops, it robs the local people of the ability to grow their own food. In time, through over-production, the land becomes spent and infertile, leading to poverty, starvation, and sometimes the destruction of the whole community.(更糟糕的是，当农田被用来种植经济作物时，它剥夺了当地人种植自己食物的能力。随着时间的推移，由于过度生产，土地变得枯竭和贫瘠，导致贫困、饥饿，有时甚至整个社区的毁灭)”可知，发展中国家的农业社区可能面临毁灭是因为连续种植经济作物使土地贫瘠，无法养活社区。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“This movement put pressure on the industry to see to it that working conditions and human rights were not damaged by the need for poorer people to produce goods. In short, it drew to the world’s attention the fact that many poor people were being exploited by big businesses in their drive to make more profit.(这一运动给该行业带来了压力，要求确保贫困人口生产商品的需要不会损害工作条件和人权。简而言之，它引起了全世界的注意，许多穷人在大企业追求更多利润的过程中受到了剥削)”可知，文章中提到了对传统国际商务的批评是它在追求最大利润的过程中剥削贫穷的生产者。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“With sustainability as their main aim, fair trade organizations not only help the poorer producers obtain a reasonable standard of living, but they also help guarantee a constant supply of raw materials. This form of sustainability benefits everyone, whether their motive is making a profit or improving the lives of the world’s poorer people.(公平贸易组织以可持续性为主要目标，不仅帮助较贫穷的生产者获得合理的生活水平，还帮助保证原材料的持续供应。这种形式的可持续性对每个人都有利，无论他们的动机是赚钱还是改善世界上较贫穷人口的生活)”可知，这篇文章关于国际商务的主要信息是从只关注利润转向可持续的公平贸易可以使所有相关方受益。故选D。 四、完形填空 （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期末）The global trend “Becoming Chinese” has become a hit on social media. Millions of users around the world are now 1 Chinese daily habits — drinking warm water, wearing slippers at home, and practicing Baduanjin (八段锦), while laughing along, posting their own videos with the 2 that they’re “turning Chinese.” A relevant video’s easy-to-relate-to and light-hearted content soon spread widely across platforms, managing to gain millions of reactions 3 likes, shares, and comments. 4 , this trend is really about valuing and loving a healthy, simple, and relaxed way of life. Many health-focused creators and influencers in the US openly 5 these habits in their posts and videos. One well-known American blogger shared a personal story, explaining that switching to warm water greatly 6 her long-time stomach discomfort, while another said the gentle movements of Baduanjin helped make her sleep better. These habits are attractive because they are simple, low-cost, and 7 to keep up with in daily life. Foreign users have their own special 8 and ways of seeing what “Becoming Chinese” means to them. They often see drinking warm water not just as a habit, but as a 9 of thoughtful “slow living,” agreeing with the Eastern 10 that “prevention is better than cure.” Even changing into slippers at home is seen as a way to physically and mentally keep public pressure away from private life, creating a clear 11 between work and rest. 12 , the trend clearly shows China’s growing soft power and changing global picture. Through such everyday trends, the world is getting to know a more 13 and active China. Supporting this change, a 2025 global report said that China’s soft power position has climbed to second place globally, a (n) 14 that surprised many observers. Ultimately, behind this fun internet trend lies a deeper, more universal human wish for health, balance, and well-being. Small daily habits can really promote cultural exchange. “Becoming Chinese” acts as a great and present-day example of how different civilizations can learn from each other in the digital age. It softly shows that good lifestyles, and positive values truly have no 15 and can be welcomed by anyone, anywhere. 1．A．questioning B．ignoring C．adopting D．replacing 2．A．evaluation B．claim C．phrase D．belief 3．A．in the form of B．in the name of C．in the face of D．in the style of 4．A．Rarely B．Consequently C．Gradually D．Actually 5．A．criticize B．praise C．discuss D．doubt 6．A．worsened B．described C．eased D．caused 7．A．difficult B．easy C．popular D．strange 8．A．memories B．understandings C．complaints D．fears 9．A．result B．cost C．symbol D．standard 10．A．wisdom B．history C．plan D．method 11．A．connection B．similarity C．difference D．line 12．A．However B．Moreover C．Instead D．Otherwise 13．A．modern B．ancient C．mysterious D．distant 14．A．victory B．challenge C．achievement D．opportunity 15．A．borders B．reasons C．uses D．secrets 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 【导语】文章介绍了全球社交媒体上的“Becoming Chinese”热潮，分析了外国用户采纳喝温水、穿拖鞋、练八段锦等中国日常习惯的现象，揭示了这一趋势背后对健康生活方式的追求，以及中国文化软实力在全球的提升。 1．考查动词。句意：全球数百万用户正在采纳中国人的日常习惯——喝温水、在家穿拖鞋、练习八段锦，同时笑着发布自己“正在变成中国人”的视频。A. questioning质疑；B. ignoring忽视；C. adopting采纳；D. replacing替代。根据下文“drinking warm water, wearing slippers at home, and practicing Baduanjin(八段锦)”以及“they’re ‘turning Chinese’”可知，这些外国$ 上海市期末考前押题组合练 （语法填空5篇+完形填空5篇+阅读10篇+选词填空5篇+写作5篇） 一、语法填空 （25-26高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Enhancing Cultural Awareness and Appreciation through Education Education, which is regarded as the most powerful tool for social progress, serves as an effective means by which people can better protect and pass down valuable cultural heritage that 1 (last) for thousands of years. When students are engaged in well-designed cultural activities that are held in schools, they can gradually develop 2 comprehensive understanding of various traditions and values that exist in different parts of the world. Since schools have realized the importance of cultural learning, they have provided a wide range of inclusive courses and colorful activities that allow teenagers to explore the rich cultural diversity that lies 3 their daily life. Students who read literary works from different countries will naturally broaden their horizons, while 4 who take part in multicultural events can experience different lifestyles in a relaxing educational environment. As more schools pay attention to global exchange, they have organized many cultural exchange programs 5 students from different backgrounds can interact closely and share their unique life experiences. 6 these activities bring to young people is not only fresh knowledge but also sincere empathy that helps them treat cultural differences with patience and kindness. Teachers always stress that every student should develop strong intercultural competence 7 8 they can communicate smoothly when they face people from different cultural groups. Besides, schools will arrange field trips to local museums and historical landmarks, which offer students precious chances 9 (connect) with real cultural heritage in their own communities. Because art can easily cross cultural boundaries, schools also include music, dance and other artistic performances in daily classes, 10 (make) cultural education more attractive and meaningful. In conclusion, education helps students become even 11 (responsible) global citizens who can respect cultural diversity and build a more harmonious society where people from all cultures can live in peace. （25-26高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shopping: Good for Children’s Brains Children may get angry and play up when being dragged around the shops by their parents, but shopping therapy (疗法) is actually good for their brains. The interaction between child and parent while shopping helps young kids develop social skills and promotes happiness 1 a crying baby shows few signs of it at the time. According to the joint study by Oxford University and the Open University, the shopping trip is just as helpful for the child’s development as painting or drawing activities. In addition, shopping, compared with watching TV and reading, 2 (consider) greatly beneficial to a child’s social skills. The two universities made these conclusions after studying the results of a survey in Germany. This survey looked into the daily routines and habits of 800 parents with two-and three-year-olds. It recorded higher 3 (perceive) levels of happiness among the children who had taken part in activities such as art and craft, and shopping. Researchers Professor Paul Anand and Dr Laurence Roope added that the more shopping therapies the kids were exposed to, the   4 (developed) their everyday skills became. When looking into 5 shopping therapy ranked high in benefits, researchers pointed to the fact that shopping involves changes of scenery from shop to shop, which improves the child’s motor and social skills more than a sedentary (久坐的) activity. Reading and storytelling are no doubt beneficial but 6 (leave) to read or watch TV on his own has a negative influence 7 the child’s development. Because of shopping trips, children get out of the house and into a new environment 8 they get visual stimulation. They’re bumping into other families and their social skills come into play and they may get the chance to do   9 physical in a shop like running around. The researchers now intend 10 (test) their theories on older children to see what activities influence development among other age groups. （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various aspects of individuals’ interaction with technology and their environments. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools 1 boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration 2 (handle) tasks from simple chores to complex operations. Humanoid robots, 3 (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service. Their ability to engage with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship, support, and interactive learning experiences. Robotic assistants, in contrast, have made 4 (significance) progress into corporate world and personal spaces. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots 5 (design) to improve daily routines. They enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more 6 (efficient), allowing for a greater focus on strategic and creative efforts. 7 rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority and efficiency are perceived. Individuals and 8 (organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world 9 embracing these innovations. The future is here, 10 those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement. （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Maybe teenage years weren’t the ideal time to receive my mother’s advice to wear a range of colours. What better way to express how you feel on any given day, and convey that mood 1 the world, she would say. It was important to the eye, to the soul. It really isn’t the best advice 2 (give) any teenager, especially one 3 was hoping to disappear in all-black sportswear. Now I see her advice isn’t about fashion or looking good for others, or making an impression, 4 about dressing from the inside. It has taken me a while to lean into the power of this. I’m not quite sure when I 5 (start) applying it myself but I remember waking up one morning in my early 20s, looking at my wardrobe (衣柜) and thinking: what colour do I feel like wearing today? It’s 6 question that brings a surprising degree of daily self-awareness. It’s asking, “What mood am I in?” “Do I want 7 (see) or do I want to hide?”. The idea of starting the day in the right colour sends me back to myself. My wardrobe 8 (become) more colourful over the years, and, my mother was right: it does bring me joy to wear pink shoes with a golden shine, and a silver dress which is so bright that it can 9 (probable) be spotted from the moon. Wearing 10 (shine) colours brings me enormous happiness, and when I do, I feel as if I am shouting: “Look, it’s me, me, meeee.” （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views. The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff — about 43 stories high — along a via ferrata route (铁索攀道) with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away 3 the coach went first and led me.” It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 4 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 5 (name) after the town it’s located near — Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province. The village — a previously 6 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone house that guard against coastal winds — 7 (see) bubble tea shops, home-stays and camping site emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism. Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs hanging over the sharp drop. Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as adventurous visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare — No way I 8 ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter. 9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a villager was setting up a stall outside the café shop duringGolden Week. 二、选词填空 （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期末）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．trustworthy  B．focus  C． force  D．unlicensed  E. balance  F. nearly G. risks  H. issued  I. shows  J. concerned  K. mainly China’s New National Standards for Food Delivery Platforms China has introduced new national standards for food delivery platforms to solve problems like unfair competition, food safety 1 , and the need to protect delivery workers’ rights. The new rules, called Basic Requirements for Food Delivery Platform Service Management, were 2 by the State Administration for Market Regulation on September 24, 2025. They aim to create a fairer and healthier business environment for everyone 3 . The standards 4 on three main areas. First, they try to stop the “vicious (恶性的) competition” between platforms. For example, platforms are now not allowed to cheat on prices or 5 promotion costs on restaurants. They must also pay for their own sales activities and cannot use false terms like “zero-cost purchase.” Second, to fight against 6 “ghost kitchen,” which are takeout-only places operating from fake addresses, restaurants will need to upload a video that 7 their storefront, dining area, and kitchen, with location and time details. This makes sure food is made in a real and clean environment, as such hidden kitchens often fail to meet basic safety rules. Third, the rules better protect delivery workers. Platforms cannot 8 use fines for being late to punish riders. They must also limit daily work to eight hours and send warnings to workers who have been taking orders for over four hours without a break. These changes are important because China has more than 545 million online food delivery users. The fast growth of the industry has led to problems like hidden costs, too much pressure on restaurants, and safety worries for workers. The new standards try to 9 the interests of platforms, restaurants, workers, and customers. By setting clearer rules, the government hopes to build a more lasting and 10 food delivery system. The draft rules are now open for public comments until mid-October. After some possible changes, the final standards are expected to be put into practice within a year, which could lead to important changes in how food delivery services work in China. （25-26高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．rigid B．pursuing C． monitor D．sign E. consistent F. subjected G. struggling H. unexpected I. ideal J. tackle K. breathless Fit for Life at Any Age Throughout life’s many stages, finding — and sticking to — a fitness routine can be complicated. Whether you are 1 to find the right time or place, it seems like there’s always something stopping you from getting that perfect schedule down. As you age, the workouts may not come as easy as they used to. Certain times of day that used to be 2 now lead to extreme discomfort. And one major drawback may be finding a new spot to work out after a move from your longtime community. These problems, however, should never stop you from 3 your fitness goals. The benefits of a(n) 4 workout routine may be even greater for people 65 or older. In the short term, it can improve older adults’ sleep quality, anxiety levels and blood pressure. As the years go on, regular fitness can assist in cancer prevention, maintaining a healthy weight and living independently longer. While your body changes, your fitness routine should change along with it. If the workouts you have always done seem harder now, that may be a 5 that your body can no longer do the same things safely. To continue working your body in similar ways, 6 your condition as you work out. One way to check on yourself during a workout is a simple talk test. Making sure that you’re able to talk throughout the activity is super important. If you start to become 7 , you’re starting to go up into the higher heart rate zones. There are special conditions for you to take into account even if you are presently feeling better. One 8 change many older adults face is the new way their body might react to heat, particularly because of medications that increase dehydration(脱水). Some of the medicine that are out there, if you’re elderly, can cause you to not be able to 9 the heat well. Experts advise older adults to consider if they have conditions or are on medications that make them more 10 to dehydration or overheating. They also recommend speaking with your doctor before starting a new workout; ask how any existing health issues may limit your abilities. （25-26高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adaptations        B．boring        C． declared v.         D．destroyed E. draw            F. flood            G. launched v.         H. physical I. recognition        J. stick            K. unity Why do we love literary anniversaries? Last year marked 250 years since the birth of the English novelist Jane Austen. This special year saw a variety of high-profile celebratory events across Britain, from film screenings, to special tours and literary talks. But why do we celebrate literary anniversaries? Why do museums, academics and the public rush to honor our favourite authors? First, literary anniversaries are significant as they create a shared sense of pride and a feeling of 1 within communities and cultures. As Shakespeare scholar Monika Smialkowska said, “Each event has also been an occasion for the community remembering Shakespeare to celebrate itself.” Literary anniversaries are also a main example of thirst for the past — of thinking that a place, event or period from the past is preferable to the present. Rituals such as anniversary celebrations are the 2 presentation of this feeling. This is the reason why enthusiasts dress up in the costumes to transport themselves back to a period in contrast to the current 3 time, perhaps. By reading an author’s books and visiting his house, visitors are similarly invited to step back into the brilliant past and into the writer’s world. These anniversaries are of course a global 4 , with entire marketing campaigns centering around significant dates. For example, 2017 was not only 5 by Visit Britain as the Year of Literary Heroes, but an interactive Magical Britain campaign was also 6 to celebrate 20 years since the first Harry Potter book. Anniversaries of popular books and authors promote the local and national economy as visitors 7 to locations from the authors’ birthplaces to homes and graves. But why do some authors 8 in the public imagination more than others? Author and academic H.J. Jackson notes in her book that 9 usually begins with a collected edition of the author’s work, before interest develops into biographies, translations and 10 . The texts become taught in schools. Societies are named in the author’s honor, and then finally anniversary celebrations start to celebrate his great achievements. （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．developing    B．function    C．actively    D．physical    E．continuous    F．consuming G．interaction    H．digestion    I．refer    J．estimated    K．significantly How Your Gut Microbiome (肠道微生物群) Impacts Your Health We’ve all had a “gut feeling.” And while that popular saying is based on our instinct, our gut truly does play a role in our health and how we feel and 1 . Gut health is an important element of your overall 2 and mental health. “Gut health” has become a trendy term in recent years. Our gut microbiome describes the microbes and their genetic material found in our gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道). And we know the bacteria in our gut affect everything from our 3 to our mental state. “Gut health is really important,” says registered nutrition expert Kristin Kirkpatrick, RD．“There is so much attention and research on the microbiome and gut health nowadays that experts often 4 to it as the ‘second brain.’” “It contains all the microbes that live within our intestinal tract,” says Dr. Cresci a digestive disease researcher. “And those microbes consist of bacteria, fungus and viruses. ”We’re not talking about a few hundred microbes—it’s 5 that about 100 trillion microbes are found inside the human body, with many of them located in our gut. As you take food, the gastric acid (胃酸) found in your stomach destroys a lot of the harmful organisms you consume. “We are 6 microbes all the time through our food and water,” says Dr. Cresci. “But the ones that escape that gastric acid then move down to your intestinal tract.” The goal is to have a healthy gut microbiome. Its balance can be 7 affected by factors like your diet, infections and certain medications. And 8 an unhealthy gut microbiome can lead to certain diseases and affect your mental health. “What we’ve learned over the years is that there’s a lot of 9 between your gut microbiome and your body,” says Dr. Cresci. As an infant, your gut microbiome helps develop your gut immune system, and then as an adult, it helps maintain it. There is still 10 research on how the gut microbiome works with parts of the body like your brain, heart, liver and lungs. （25-26高二下·上海·阶段检测）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．way  B．free  C． right  D．problematic  E. intended  F. means G. prone  H. possessions  I. held  J. live  K. honor Many hoarders don’t see their behavior as disordered, and psychology didn’t either — at first. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the holy book of psychiatric diagnoses, was revised to list severe hoarding as a disorder in its own 1 . To meet the diagnostic criteria, someone must have acquired an unmanageable, even hazardous number of 2 that appear to be useless or of limited value — yet would cause them severe distress if discarded. At first, it was called Collyer’s syndrome, in 3 of Homer and Langley Collyer, brothers who, between 1909 and 1947, slowly buried themselves in their family mansion, filling it inch by inch. By mid century, as mass production and a postwar economic boom made it possible for people of modest 4 to acquire more and more objects, Collyer’s syndrome became more widespread. Psychologists decided that hoarding must be subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a repeated, ritualized action 5 to ward off anxiety. That categorization 6 for decades — even though clinical hoarding affects up to 6 percent of the world population, twice as many as OCD．A 2010 review by David Mataix-Cols at King’s College London noted that at least 80 percent of people who engaged in extreme hoarding didn’t meet the criteria for OCD．They were more 7 to depression than those with OCD． They struggled more with decision-making. They were much less inclined to recognize their behavior as 8 . Genetic linkage studies showed a different pattern of heritability than OCD, and brain scans showed a different pattern of activation. Drugs that were successful in treating OCD were not effective for hoarding. Finally, in 2013, hoarding disorder was sprung 9 of the OCD category. And it can be connected to an array of causes as motley (混杂) as the stuff that gets hoarded. It shows up on a continuum, spanning everything from an overcluttered home that’s spun out of control. It can extend to the accumulation of 10 animals (though that’s a very different proposition). 三、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期末）In April 2026, Sony AI announced a major new scientific breakthrough from its flagship research initiative, Project Ace. This news made headlines all over the world. Research on the advanced autonomous table tennis robot Ace had its complete findings officially published in Nature, a top journal, attracting very wide attention from global technology experts and AI researchers. Everyone in the field was excited about it. For many years in the past, traditional table tennis robots had quite clear technical limitations. They could only operate under simplified conditions, such as lower ball speed and reduced spin, which were not challenging enough for real games. Most early robots simply relied on fixed ball paths from serving machines and failed to deal with flexible, changeable strategies from real human players who could change their plans anytime. As a result, unfortunately, no previous robot could ever compete fairly with well-trained athletes under official competition rules. That is why they never won official matches. In contrast, however, the Ace robot is equipped with very professional hardware and a high-precision perception system which works like human eyes. A flexible high-speed robotic arm enables it to adjust hitting angles and strength instantly with great accuracy, just like a real player or even better. Meanwhile, multiple synchronous high-speed cameras act as very sensitive visual sensors, very accurately capturing the ball’s real-time speed, flight path and complex spin with extremely low delay in no time. This advanced hardware allows the robot to observe the court and respond far faster than human beings, and never tires. Ace also adopts a core physical AI technology called model-free reinforcement learning. This is a new way of training robots. Instead of following preset movements, the robot continuously collects match data in real time, analyzes opponents’ playing styles, and adjusts its own strategies independently during real-time games. It can flexibly deal with very fast attacks and tricky spins in dynamic matches. This makes it a true competitor. In formal tests, which were very strict, all games exactly followed full International Table Tennis Federation rules and were supervised by professional referees. Ace defeated three out of five strong elite (精英) players in standard matches. Nevertheless, it still suffered defeats against professional players, reflecting the big gap that still exists between the robot and top human athletes. It is truly still recognized as the first physical robot in history to reach real human expert-level performance in standard competitive sports. This is a huge step for robot sports. This success highlights the truly great potential of physical AI in handling real-world dynamic tasks like sports. Its core technologies can be applied to smart factories, household service robots and high-precision medical equipment, driving the rapid development of future intelligent technology. These uses will improve our lives a lot. 1．How are the paragraphs from two to six organized? A．Problem description→data analysis→expert opinions→summary B．Past failures→present solution→test results→future uses C．Historical overview→technical details→player interviews→limitations D．Cause and effect→comparison→personal view→prediction 2．The underlined word “synchronous” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．operating with a fixed time delay B．working at different speeds separately C．happening or moving at the same time D．recording images from multiple angles 3．What can be inferred from the passage about the elite players who competed against Ace? A．They were all professional players with international titles. B．They had never played against any table tennis robot before. C．All the professional players can not perform better than Ace. D．They were easily defeated by Ace in every single match. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Sony AI’s New Robot: A Future Threat to Human Athletes B．How Table Tennis Robots Have Evolved over the Past Decade C．A Major Breakthrough of Physical AI in Competitive Sports D．Nature Journal’s Latest Issue on AI Technology and Robotics （25-26高二下·上海静安·期末）“Ouch!” I cried. My handphone was nowhere in sight, leaving me with no way of calling for help. I was trapped in my car alone. It all happened in a flash. I had hit my brakes hard to avoid hitting a goat that was running across the road. To my horror, the car crashed onto a lamppost near the crossing of Mandai Road and Yishun Road. Without my glasses, I was lost. When there was no smoke indicating no immediate disaster, I breathed a sigh of relief. Just then, a boy rushed over from across the road despite his friends shouting out to him about the oncoming traffic. “Madam, are you all right?” the boy asked gently. He introduced himself as Ashvin and I asked him to help me look for my glasses. I was thankful when he found my glasses at the rear seat. When I put on my glasses, I saw Ashvin’s friends looking at us from afar. Ashvin was determined to stay by my car to comfort me. I smiled weakly and thanked him. From my car, I saw the goat’s horns stuck between the green metal fences by the side of the road. The goat must have been frightened by the loud bang and had charged into the metal fences. Eventually, it somehow managed to free itself and ran into the woods nearby. Not far away, I could see several bystanders using their handphones to film the scene. They must be taking pictures to post on social media about this accident. However, shouldn’t they be helping someone in need? I was upset. Just then, someone in the crowd shouted, “Watch out! The lamppost is falling!” The lamppost hit by my car was leaning towards my vehicle. Fear took over my body. “Oh no!” I cried. Death seemed to be a certainty. To my surprise, many drivers got out of their cars and rushed forward to support the lamppost. They took turns to hold up the lamppost until help arrived. Soon, the maintenance-workers reached the scene. They used equipment to support the lamppost. After a few minutes, an ambulance arrived and I was wheeled into the ambulance. I finally managed to escape with minor injuries. That was when I realized how lucky I had been. 1．What caused the car accident? A．Making a phone call while driving. B．Loss of view caused by the missing glasses. C．The malfunctioning of the brakes. D．The intention to avoid hitting an animal. 2．In paragraph 1, the author breathed in relief because ________. A．a boy would rush to her aid B．there was a slight chance of an explosion C．she wasn’t hurt badly D．the oncoming traffic was not busy 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The author’s glasses were broken. B．The author managed to free the goat from the fences. C．The accident was reported on social media. D．The car crash made the lamppost lean down. 4．The author finally escaped death as ________. A．several drivers prevented the lamppost from falling down B．the lamppost wasn’t heavy enough to hurt her badly C．She ran to avoid the hit of the lamppost D．an ambulance arrived in time to save her life （25-26高二下·上海·期中）Land rights for the indigenous are still a problem, but is it time to turn our attention to language? According to the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, ‘suppressing indigenous people’s demands to a healthy environment continues to be an issue. However, there is an issue beyond land use that the human rights NGO sees as being in need of discussion, one that in fact requires more talking in general. The loss of indigenous languages around the world is a growing concern. The Rosetta Project, a network of language experts and native speakers working to preserve “endangered tongues”, has suggested that one language is being lost to the world every three months, a trend set to continue as it calculates that 92 per cent of the world’s languages are spoken by fewer than ten people each. UNESCO, meanwhile, has previously suggested that a language is becoming extinct every two weeks, and that “approximately 600 languages have disappeared in the last century”. As well as the rate, there is also disagreement in official circles over what actually defines language loss, with no one providing definitive criteria for when one crosses the point of no return. David Crystal, a patron for the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, has suggested that language extinction be when “the last person who speaks it dies”. He states that while “there is nothing unusual about a single language dying,” we are witnessing language extinction “on a massive scale”. Providing estimates and causation theories are various key stakeholders stressing the importance of language diversity. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues explains that “this threat is acutely felt by indigenous peoples”. This is due to the languages no longer being taught to emerging generations, being almost exclusively a possession of the elders. In Crystal’s words, this is an issue; those speaking a language “are a living monument to what the community once was”, a responsibility he feels the next generation should carry. While not passing a language on to a younger generation does have a major influence on its extinction, the globalization of English has also played a key role. There are currently estimated to be some 360 million English as first-language speakers across almost 100 countries worldwide. Its use in governments, academic journals and trade negotiations has aided this spread. Patricia Ryan, a long-time English teacher in the Middle East who has given many high-profile talks on the effects of English around the world, explains that while it is the “undisputed global language”, English does not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts, something Ryan believes is often forgotten. “When a language dies, we don't always know what we lose with that language,” she says. Extinction isn’t always the end of the road for a language, however. The death, then later rebirth, of spoken Israeli Hebrew shows how, with concerted effort, a once-dead tongue can find a new lease of life. At the beginning of the 19th century, the language only existed in scholarly and religious written work having died out in spoken form around 200 to 400 CE. According to Claude Hagege, a noted French linguist who himself speaks some 50 languages, its revival as a spoken form used in everyday Jewish life occurred only because of the “strong will” of the Israeli Jews. It is now estimated that there are nine million Hebrew speakers worldwide. Campaigners such as those at the Rosetta Project are asking whether more languages should hold official status, such as Welsh. In Wales, both English and Welsh were made official languages in 1993 under the Welsh Language Act, the goal being for both tongues to carry the same importance and be widely used across the country — extinction prohibited by legislation. The legal system, road signs and education all now contain English and Welsh versions sitting side by side. A new set of goals under the Welsh government's Cymraeg 2050 strategy include the aim to create one million Welsh speakers by 2050. UNESCO is hoping similar tactics will be just as successful on a much larger scale. 2019 has been designated the International Year of Indigenous Languages. This will involve stressing the importance of linguistic diversity, stating that it “matters for development, peace-building and reconciliation” The action plan for the year suggests the centrality of indigenous peoples in official decision-making, drawing on their anecdotal knowledge. There will also be an emphasis on the development of language-sharing technology. Preparation for the year has, in fact, already begun with the first official event having taken place last month. A three-day international seminar in Asunción, Paraguay was used to present the achievements of previous language policies and to detail how UNESCO was hoping to build on these results. Further, an International Decade on Indigenous Languages (covering 2020 to 2030) was also proposed to continue any targets unmet within the course of 2019. UNESCO stresses that avoiding indigenous language extinction will play “a vital role in the sustainable development of the communities that speak them.” 1．What is the primary concern regarding indigenous languages according to the passage? A．Indigenous people are demanding more land rights from their governments. B．Indigenous languages are disappearing at an alarming rate worldwide. C．There is disagreement over how to define language extinction accurately. D．UNESCO lacks sufficient funding to support language preservation projects. 2．According to David Crystal, what distinguishes current language extinction from historical patterns? A．Modern technology has accelerated the process of language death. B．Younger generations are more resistant to learning traditional languages. C．The scale of language extinction today is unprecedented in human history. D．Governments are now more actively involved in language preservation efforts. 3．What can be inferred about the role of English globalization in language extinction? A．English is deliberately designed to replace indigenous languages worldwide. B．English speakers intentionally ignore the cultural values embedded in other languages. C．The dominance of English in key domains inadvertently contributes to language loss. D．English is the only factor responsible for the extinction of indigenous languages. 4．The example of Hebrew revival is used to illustrate that ______. A．Language extinction can be reversed through collective determination and effort. B．All extinct languages can be revived if enough resources are invested. C．Religious languages have a better chance of survival than secular ones. D．Written records are more important than spoken traditions for language preservation. 5．What is the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Globalization of English: Threat or Opportunity? B．UNESCO's 2019: A Year for Indigenous Languages C．Hebrew Revival: A Model for Language Preservation D．Indigenous Languages: Crisis, Causes, and Conservation Efforts （25-26高二下·上海·期中）It happens just about every time I go to a restaurant with my daughter. I open the menu and scan the options. Then I glance at the children’s menu. Oftentimes, the menu is pretty similar, with the same pasta and tomato sauce. But the items on the children’s menu are usually less expensive, and I’ll think to myself: Wow, good deal. If I think again for a moment, though, the deal isn’t really a deal. After all, I estimated the cost of the pasta based on the adult menu, not on the actual cost of making some bow-tie noodles and serving them with a red sauce. My faulty reasoning is the product of anchoring, a cognitive bias (认知偏差) that can weaken our critical thinking. According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments. Our minds give too much weight to initial impressions or numbers that influence our subsequent thoughts. In my case, the prices on the adult menu shaped or anchored my judgment about the value of the items on the children’s menu. Studies show that anchoring effects persist, no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision. One study found that “estimates of an athlete’s performance were influenced by the number on his jersey (运动衫).” In other words, people thought that an athlete with a higher jersey number was better than an athlete with a lower number, all else being equal. Anchoring affects all kinds of decisions, even those made by experts who should know better. In particular, a recent study shows that anchoring is far more common in the financial world than previously believed, with substantial anchoring effects influencing performance in the stock market. A study showed that investors valued firms more highly if the firms had higher stock prices. So, if two companies have the same financial profile except that Company X has fewer shares at a higher price than Company Y, then Company X’s shares will sell better over the long run than Company Y’s. Why? Because the stock price-the anchor-enhances the company’s perceived value. The phenomenon of anchoring shows that while we think of ourselves as rational and logical beings, unrelated details can have an outsized influence on our reasoning. The best solution is to improve critical thinking skills. Otherwise, you might be a victim of anchoring, dragged down by your bias, whether you notice it or not. 1．Why does the author mention his restaurant experience with his daughter at the beginning? A．To show that the price should be estimated on the actual cost of dishes. B．To introduce the concept of anchoring in a vivid and relatable way. C．To explain the real cost of producing simple food like pasta. D．To point out the unfair price difference between adults and kids. 2．According to the researchers mentioned in the passage, what characterizes the cognitive bias of anchoring? A．People tend to completely ignore previous data when presented with new financial information. B．People rely on facts that are unrelated but readily available to form their judgments. C．People make decisions by carefully calculating the average of all available numerical data. D．People give equal importance to the first and last pieces of information they encounter. 3．Which of the following is a typical example of anchoring? A．A buyer thinks a discounted car is good value just because its original price was very high. B．A customer chooses a meal because it is healthy and delicious. C．A fan supports a team because they won the championship last year. D．A student works harder after receiving encouragement from teachers. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Initial Numbers Mislead Our Daily Judgments B．Hidden Bias That Distorts Financial Decisions C．Anchoring: A Powerful Cognitive Bias D．Logical Thinking Against Unreasonable Beliefs （25-26高二下·上海·期中）The sun sets on a field in southern England. When it rises again the following morning, that field has been transformed into an enormous work of art. A large section of the crop has been tamped into a pattern of circles, rings and other shapes. But who created it? Are crop circles the work of alien visitors? Are they a natural phenomenon, created by electrically charged currents of air? Or are they hoaxes? Believers and naysayers each have their own theories, but the truth remains elusive. UFOs and Aliens    Possibly the most controversial theory is that crop circles are the work of visitors from other planets — sort of like alien calling cards. People who agree with this theory say that the circles are either the imprint left by landing spacecraft or messages brought from afar for us earthlings. Some eyewitnesses claim to have seen UFO-like lights and strange noises coming from crop circle sites.     Winds Probably the most scientific theory says that crop circles are created by small currents of swirling winds. The spinning columns force a burst of air down to the ground, which flattens the crops.    But the question remains — how can a few seconds worth of spinning air create such perfectly defined crop circles?   Aircraft    A few researchers have theorized that small airplanes or helicopters stir up downdrafts that push the crops down into patterns. Recreation attempts so far have not been able to produce the types of downdrafts necessary to make the perfectly round edges seen in most crop circles.   Earth Energy   Some researchers believe that the earth creates its own energy, which forms the circles. One possible form of earth energy is electromagnetic radiation. In fact, scientists have measured strong magnetic fields inside crop circles, and visitors have sometimes reported feeling a tingling sensation in their body while in or near the circles.   Humans    The easiest explanation for crop circles is that they are man-made hoaxes, created either for fun or to stump the scientists. Colin Andrews, cereologist and author of the book, Circular Evidence, admits that about 80 percent of crop circles are probably man-made, but says that the other 20 percent are probably the work of some “higher force.” 1．According to the passage, which of the following theories is supported by measurable scientific evidence? A．Crop circles are created by alien spacecraft landings. B．Crop circles are formed by electromagnetic radiation from the earth. C．Crop circles are produced by downdrafts from aircraft. D．Crop circles are entirely the result of human hoaxes. 2．What can be inferred about the wind theory from the passage? A．It is widely accepted by most scientists. B．It has been proven through successful experiments. C．It is considered less scientific than the alien theory. D．It fails to fully explain the precision of crop circles. 3．Which of the following best describes Colin Andrews' attitude toward the origin of crop circles? A．He believes all crop circles are created by humans. B．He is skeptical about any non-human explanations. C．He acknowledges both human and possibly non-human causes. D．He is convinced that aliens are responsible for most crop circles. （25-26高二下·上海·期中）A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. Something is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together — honesty, kindness, and so on — accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law — and finally no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communities — smaller towns, usually — where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare “In this family certain things are not permitted — they simply are not done!” Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Someone considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you irritate him. The main cause of this break-down is a shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized, by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home. I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it. 1．What the wise man said suggests that ________. A．it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil B．society will be overcome by evil if good men do nothing about it C．it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil D．it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil 2．The author will agree if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________. A．society is to be held responsible B．modern civilization is responsible for it C．the criminal himself should bear the blame D．the government should take the blame 3．The author is sorry to have noticed that________. A．people in large cities tend to excuse criminals B．people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards C．today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty D．people in disadvantaged circumstances are likely to commit crimes 4．The key point of the passage is that ________. A．stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families B．more good examples should be set for people to follow C．more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior D．more people should accept the value of accountability （25-26高二下·上海·期中）For three days she remained at the grand and magnificent gate of the television station, as though once planted there she could no longer be lifted out of the ground. She was a thin village girl with a strange accent, all elbows and knees, her body so slight that the coarse cloth of her jacket seemed to hang from bone rather than flesh. Her face was browned by sun and wind; her hair, parted in the middle, was drawn back without softness. When she stood still, she looked dry and narrow as a stalk left after harvest. Yet she did not often stand still. She was always watching. The guard had refused her at the very beginning. No papers. No pass. No entry. She had listened with her head slightly lowered, her hands hanging by her sides, the fingers rough and reddened, opening and then closing. When she heard that the station director wore glasses, she lifted her face at once. After that, her eyes hardly left the gate. Each time a prospect came out, she would dart forward two or three steps, quick and abrupt, stopping so suddenly that the soles of her shoes scraped the ground. She would tip her head back to look at his face, staring first at the glasses, then at the mouth, as if comparing him with some image she had made in her own mind. “Are you the director?” she would ask. The question was always the same. No greeting, no apology, no explanation beforehand. Her voice was flat, dry, and direct, carrying the accent of the countryside in every syllable. When the answer was no, she stood aside and waited for the next pair of glasses. By the second day her lips had gone pale. Dust clung to her trouser legs. She squatted when she was tired, arms wrapped round her knees, but even then she kept turning her head toward the doorway. At the slightest movement, she sprang up again. “Are you the director?” Sometimes she asked it quickly, almost before the man had fully crossed the threshold; sometimes she spoke more slowly, each word pushed out with effort after hours of waiting. At night she did not leave. In the morning she was still there, hair rumpled, eyes swollen from lack of sleep, asking the same question in the same tone, as if the three days had not lengthened time at all, but merely worn away everything except that single sentence. 1．The girl’s appearance and behaviour at the TV station reveals that she __________. A．tried to adapt to the TV station rules. B．gave in to the guard’s denial of her entry. C．didn’t belong to the modern world. D．was energetic amongst people’s indifference. 2．The underlined sentence in paragraph 3 best reveals that she __________ A．wanted to challenge the guard. B．fixed more on her purpose than on manners. C．thought city people disliked long talks. D．was afraid her accent would be laughed at. 3．Which of the following descriptions is LEAST related to showing the girl’s persistence? A．She looked dry and narrow as a stalk left after harvest. B．After that, her eyes never left the gate. C．She stood aside and waited for the next pair of glasses. D．At the slightest movement, she sprang up again. 4．How does the writer build up the image of the girl in the passage? A．Symbolism B．Parallelism C．Exaggeration D．Contrast （25-26高二下·上海·期中）①Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have very limited time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. ②In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. ③Fortunately, new insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. ④Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call Transient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. ⑤In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. ⑥ “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 1．In a search and rescue operation, ________. A．the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B．the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C．weather conditions are a determining factor D．the constantly changing currents present a challenge 2．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A．the collection of data B．the testing of the algorithm C．the identification of the TRAPs D．the cooperation of two research teams 3．The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A．accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B．dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C．cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D．predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B．How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C．Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D．Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen （25-26高二下·上海闵行·阶段检测）Do you ever blend up a protein drink for breakfast, or grab a protein bar following an afternoon workout? If so, you are likely among the millions of people in search of more protein-rich diets. Protein-enriched products are found everywhere. But contrary to all the publicity that everyone needs more protein, most Americans get twice as much as they need. Many of us living in the most developed countries are buying into a myth of protein deficiency created by food companies and self-identified health experts. Global retail sales of protein supplement products reached an astonishing U.S. $18.9 billion in 2020. But are we really in need of more protein? Physicians in the U.S., have never actually examined a patient with protein deficiency because simply by eating an adequate number of daily calories we are also most likely getting enough protein. In fact, Americans currently consume almost twice the National Academy of Medicine’s recommended daily intake of protein although the most desirable protein intake may vary depending on age and activity level. For example, if you’re a dedicated athlete you might need to consume higher quantities of protein. Generally, though, a 140-pound person should not exceed 120 grams of protein per day, particularly because a high protein diet can strain kidney and liver function and increase risks of developing heart disease and cancer.While fats and sugar have taken the beating in turns since over a century ago, protein has managed to remain our red-hot favorite. In the 1970s through the 1990s, protein products remained visible but moved back somewhat with the dietary spotlight firmly fixed on low-calorie, low-fat, sugar-free snack foods and beverages following the publication of studies linking sugar and saturated (饱和的) fat consumption to heart disease. Later research in 2003, however, suggested high-protein diets could aid in weight loss, and protein quickly regained its former nutrient-superstar status. Now most people living in high-income nations are consuming enough protein. When we replace meals with a protein bar or drink, we also risk missing out on the rich sources of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), vitamins and many other benefits of real food. 1．Why have physicians in the U.S. never actually examined a patient with protein deficiency? A．Americans can get sufficient protein just by eating adequate foods daily. B．Americans can absorb the number of calories recommended by food experts. C．Americans can purchase many kinds of protein-rich foods everywhere. D．Americans can rely on food supplements to prevent protein deficiency. 2．What should people take into consideration in deciding on the most preferable protein intake? A．How healthy they are and what food they eat. B．How much protein they consume and what their body weight is. C．How old they are and what activities they do. D．How serious their protein deficiency is and what remedies they use. 3．What foods have been largely out of favor for more than a century? A．Sugar-free snacks. B．Sugary and fatty foods. C．Both red and white meats. D．Protein-rich foods. 4．What does the author imply people in developed countries should do to keep healthy? A．Replace meals with protein bars. B．Eat vegetarian diets. C．Consume enough protein daily. D．Enjoy natural food. （25-26高二下·上海·开学考试）The purpose of international commerce is to buy things from and sell things to people in other countries. Hundreds and indeed thousands of years ago, this actually worked quite well. People who travelled to foreign lands, often by ship, would take with them items for trade. Agricultural countries would, for example, trade olive oil or wine for weapons or other worked items. All that needed to be negotiated was a “fair price” for the items. (How many axes is a barrel of oil worth, for example?) Currency did not enter into the first deals but, even when it did, few problems existed to complicate matters barring disagreements over the value of goods. Today, fixing a fair price remains at the center of international commerce. When we look at the deal from the point of view of the seller, market research must determine the price at which the goods will be sold. This may vary greatly from country to country and people are often surprised to see exactly the same item for sale at two or three times the price it sells for in another country. Taxation and local government controls are sometimes behind this, but often it comes down to the fact that people in poor countries simply cannot afford to pay the same amount of money as those in rich countries. These are the things a seller has to bear in mind when preparing a price list for goods in each country. In most cases, the purpose of setting a suitable price is to sell the maximum number of units. Usually, this is the way to guarantee the biggest profit. One exception is in the selling of luxury or specialist goods. These are often goods for which there is a limited market. Here, slightly different rules apply because the profit margin (the amount of money a producer makes on each item) is much higher. For instance, nearly everyone wants to own a television or a mobile phone, and there is a lot of competition in the area of production, forcing the prices to be competitive too. Producers have to sell a large number of items to make a profit because their profit margin is small. Not everyone wants to buy hand-made jewelry, or a machine for sticking labels onto bottles. This enables the producer to charge a price much higher than the cost of making the item, increasing the profit margin. But at the heart of any sale, whether they sell many items for a small profit, or a few items for a large profit, the prime motivation for the producer is to make as much profit as possible. At least, that was the case until relatively recently when, to the great surprise of many, companies started trading without profit as their main objective. Ethical trade began as an attempt to cause as little damage as possible to the producers of raw materials and manufactured goods in poor countries. This movement put pressure on the industry to see to it that working conditions and human rights were not damaged by the need for poorer people to produce goods. In short, it drew to the world’s attention the fact that many poor people were being exploited by big businesses in their drive to make more profit. There have been many examples throughout the developing world where local producers were forced by economic pressure to supply cash crops such as tea, coffee and cotton to major industries. These people are frequently not in a position to fix their prices, and are often forced by market conditions to sell for a price too low to support the producers and their community. Worse still, while the agricultural land is given over to cash crops, it robs the local people of the ability to grow their own food. In time, through over-production, the land becomes spent and infertile, leading to poverty, starvation, and sometimes the destruction of the whole community. Fair trade policies differ from ethical trade policies in that they take the process a stage further. Where ethical policies are designed to keep the damage to a minimum, fair trade organizations actually work to improve conditions among producers and their communities. Fair trade organizations view sustainability as a key aim. This involves implementing policies where producers are given a fair price for the goods they sell, so that they and their communities can continue to operate. Although many big businesses are cynical about an operation that does not regard profit as a main driving force, the paradox is that it will help them too. With sustainability as their main aim, fair trade organizations not only help the poorer producers obtain a reasonable standard of living, but they also help guarantee a constant supply of raw materials. This form of sustainability benefits everyone, whether their motive is making a profit or improving the lives of the world’s poorer people. 1．According to the passage, what was the main change in international commerce in recent times? A．Countries began to use currency instead of direct exchange of goods. B．Companies started to consider factors beyond profit, such as ethics and human rights. C．Producers began to charge much higher prices for their goods. D．International trade became focused only on luxury goods. 2．What does the passage say about pricing in modern international commerce? A．The same product may be sold at very different prices in different countries. B．All countries must charge the same price to ensure fairness. C．Luxury goods always have lower profit margins than ordinary goods. D．Producers no longer need to consider market research when setting prices. 3．Why might agricultural communities in developing countries face destruction? A．Because they refuse to adopt modern farming methods. B．Because wealthy countries impose unfair trade restrictions on them. C．Because growing cash crops continuously makes the land infertile and unable to support the community. D．Because fair trade organizations force them to change their traditional practices. 4．What criticism of traditional international commerce is mentioned in the passage? A．It focuses too much on agricultural products and ignores manufactured goods. B．It uses outdated methods like direct exchange instead of currency. C．It exploits poor producers in the pursuit of maximum profit. D．It charges unfairly high prices to consumers in wealthy countries. 5．What is the main message of the passage about international commerce? A．Traditional profit-focused trade is the most efficient system and should be maintained. B．Ethical trade has completely solved all problems in international commerce. C．Only developing countries can benefit from fair trade policies. D．Moving from profit-only focus to sustainable fair trade can benefit all parties involved. 四、完形填空 （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期末）The global trend “Becoming Chinese” has become a hit on social media. Millions of users around the world are now 1 Chinese daily habits — drinking warm water, wearing slippers at home, and practicing Baduanjin (八段锦), while laughing along, posting their own videos with the 2 that they’re “turning Chinese.” A relevant video’s easy-to-relate-to and light-hearted content soon spread widely across platforms, managing to gain millions of reactions 3 likes, shares, and comments. 4 , this trend is really about valuing and loving a healthy, simple, and relaxed way of life. Many health-focused creators and influencers in the US openly 5 these habits in their posts and videos. One well-known American blogger shared a personal story, explaining that switching to warm water greatly 6 her long-time stomach discomfort, while another said the gentle movements of Baduanjin helped make her sleep better. These habits are attractive because they are simple, low-cost, and 7 to keep up with in daily life. Foreign users have their own special 8 and ways of seeing what “Becoming Chinese” means to them. They often see drinking warm water not just as a habit, but as a 9 of thoughtful “slow living,” agreeing with the Eastern 10 that “prevention is better than cure.” Even changing into slippers at home is seen as a way to physically and mentally keep public pressure away from private life, creating a clear 11 between work and rest. 12 , the trend clearly shows China’s growing soft power and changing global picture. Through such everyday trends, the world is getting to know a more 13 and active China. Supporting this change, a 2025 global report said that China’s soft power position has climbed to second place globally, a (n) 14 that surprised many observers. Ultimately, behind this fun internet trend lies a deeper, more universal human wish for health, balance, and well-being. Small daily habits can really promote cultural exchange. “Becoming Chinese” acts as a great and present-day example of how different civilizations can learn from each other in the digital age. It softly shows that good lifestyles, and positive values truly have no 15 and can be welcomed by anyone, anywhere. 1．A．questioning B．ignoring C．adopting D．replacing 2．A．evaluation B．claim C．phrase D．belief 3．A．in the form of B．in the name of C．in the face of D．in the style of 4．A．Rarely B．Consequently C．Gradually D．Actually 5．A．criticize B．praise C．discuss D．doubt 6．A．worsened B．described C．eased D．caused 7．A．difficult B．easy C．popular D．strange 8．A．memories B．understandings C．complaints D．fears 9．A．result B．cost C．symbol D．standard 10．A．wisdom B．history C．plan D．method 11．A．connection B．similarity C．difference D．line 12．A．However B．Moreover C．Instead D．Otherwise 13．A．modern B．ancient C．mysterious D．distant 14．A．victory B．challenge C．achievement D．opportunity 15．A．borders B．reasons C．uses D．secrets （25-26高二下·上海静安·期末）In the past in Britain, shoppers were used to supermarket prices staying pretty much the same. Rises or falls rarely happened and most goods stayed at the same price for days, possibly for weeks or months. All that, however, is changing in Britain. Recent researches in Britain suggest that fixed prices in supermarkets will be gone, replaced by ever changing prices dependent on the demand. This has become possible thanks to electronic shelf-edge labels which can change 1 . But is price changing in British supermarkets really that unusual? Some goods are already 2 demand pricing. Fresh goods, such as fish, change prices all the time depending on what is available at the market and what fishing boats have managed to land. Customers are familiar with 3 shelves in supermarkets, as supermarkets have to react to protect their profit. 4 prices on goods as they get close to their shelf-life is a way of protecting some of their investments before they have to 5 the goods, with zero return on the investments. But the new idea of constantly changing prices is a(n) 6 theory. The concept of prices being able to change at the touch of a button — or at the mercy of a computer algorithm — presents many other opportunities for supermarkets. They have already collected vast data on us. They could also know by which lane we are 7 using the GPS on mobile phones or even tracking the shopping baskets we use. Combining these data, they will be able to change the prices of goods matching the current customer 8 in the supermarket. They may even be able to target individual consumers, by providing special offers that are 9 to them. They might 10 customers to a deal through a screen attached to the shopping basket or via a mobile phone app. In these ways, they can greatly raise the purchase rate. The challenge for the supermarkets is how best to make use of the technology without being viewed 11 . Supermarkets are trying their best to make customers feel that they are having an enjoyable shopping experience without the feeling of being 12 . That means that marketing strategies will be put in place to make the consumers feel as if they are being offered benefits thanks to the new technology. That might include 13 membership points, deals and individual special offers. Combining these with ever-better shopping experiences such as reduced queues at checkouts, supermarkets hide their ultimate aim to seek 14 . Therefore, customers, are you ready for the 15 hand of the marketeers? 1．A．instantly B．mainly C．mistakenly D．willingly 2．A．engaged to B．subject to C．attached to D．known to 3．A．display B．public C．bargain D．craft 4．A．Maintaining B．Balancing C．Withdrawing D．Reducing 5．A．throw away B．pile up C．draw on D．dig out 6．A．expensive B．fashionable C．old D．different 7．A．calculating B．browsing C．enduring D．cleaning 8．A．profile B．age C．profession D．integrity 9．A．equivalent B．unique C．strange D．decent 10．A．adapt B．reduce C．alert D．devote 11．A．sympathetically B．competitively C．negatively D．completely 12．A．exploited B．isolated C．treated D．comforted 13．A．legal B．extra C．native D．conventional 14．A．loyalty B．credit C．profit D．stability 15．A．vital B．normal C．formal D．invisible （25-26高二下·上海宝山·期中）Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. 1 regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving 2 . The greatest 3 of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly 4 small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to 5 repeated behaviors into automatic habits. 6 , when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence 7 . The more we repeat a task, the more mindless it becomes. Mindless activity is the 8 of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In 9 , we are merely reinforcing (加强) our current habits — not improving them. Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world? The first effective feedback system is 10 . This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of push-ups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any 11 of whether we are getting better or worse. The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for 12 deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can 13 your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you responsible for delivering your best 14 each day. Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration. But if you can manage to maintain your focus and 15 , then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got. 1．A．Since B．Whether C．While D．As 2．A．awareness B．performance C．enjoyment D．intelligence 3．A．issue B．ambition C．challenge D．appeal 4．A．overlook B．handle C．detect D．implement 5．A．transport B．translate C．transplant D．transform 6．A．For example B．On the contrary C．As a result D．On the other hand 7．A．carelessly B．accurately C．instantly D．automatically 8．A．outcome B．enemy C．source D．substitute 9．A．reality B．despair C．contrast D．return 10．A．encouragement B．compliment C．measurement D．management 11．A．motivation B．proof C．trouble D．concern 12．A．resisting B．eliminating C．sustaining D．defining 13．A．block B．track C．admit D．cherish 14．A．supply B．emotion C．inspiration D．effort 15．A．commitment B．condition C．balance D．perspective （25-26高二下·上海徐汇·期中）Before the age of the smartphone, aspiring photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Not everyone had cameras, and it took skill and a good eye to capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we are all 1 photographers. And pretty good ones, too: The quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras. The new ease of photography has given us a huge appetite for capturing the magical and the 2 . We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat — or our cat’s breakfast. Cameras are now everywhere. When there are major social events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cellphones — not photojournalists — who often provide the first news images. Quality still matters, but it’s less important than what’s 3 shared. As people embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards seem to be 4 . In the past, most people trusted photojournalists to accurately represent reality. Today, however, digital images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Any image can be altered to create a(n) “ 5 ” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer. The question of the accuracy of images gets even 6 when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps which encourage the use of filters. Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more 7 , or to give them an antique look. Photojournalists using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images — and also 8 . Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war while 9 us from those who fight in them. Yet, photography has always been more 10 than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions — where to stand, what lens to use, and what to leave in or out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment that the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories, and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on governments, wars, and disasters. In the process, they miss out on the less 11 images of daily life that can be just as revealing and relevant. Who knows? Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a(n) 12 visual language. It’s one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce 13 and those who make shopping lists. It’s not clear whether this 14 of image-making will lead to a public that better appreciates and understands images. Or will it simply numb(使麻木) us to the profound effects a well-made image can have? 15 , the change is irreversible. Let’s hope the millions of new photographs made today help us see what we all have in common, rather than what sets us apart. 1．A．outstanding B．amateur C．new D．inexperienced 2．A．extraordinary B．rare C．ordinary D．unique 3．A．instantly B．appropriately C．habitually D．occasionally 4．A．appearing B．persisting C．stabilizing D．shifting 5．A．shaped B．improved C．clarified D．anticipated 6．A．trickier B．smaller C．clearer D．simpler 7．A．functional B．artistic C．factual D．technical 8．A．improvement B．appreciation C．applause D．controversy 9．A．excluding B．freeing C．distancing D．preventing 10．A．objective B．factual C．subjective D．scientific 11．A．peaceful B．dramatic C．important D．chaotic 12．A．universal B．temporary C．specific D．permanent 13．A．poetry B．calligraphy C．journalism D．reports 14．A．seeding B．fruiting C．fading D．flowering 15．A．Consequently B．Alternatively C．Conditionally D．Regardless （25-26高二下·上海·期中）As a rule, friendship is considered an unalloyed good, like flowers and fresh fruit. Most people can name at least half a dozen people they 1 as reasonably good friends. Yet researchers who explore the deep nature of friendship 2 the bond can have its thorns (刺). Take the new evidence that people choose friends who 3 themselves. The tendency toward homophily (同质性), toward flocking together with birds of your inner and outer feather, gives rise to a harmonious sense of 4 . But homophily, researchers said, is also the basis of tribalism and xenophobia (仇外心理), the 5 to “otherize” those who differ from you and your beloved friends in one or more ways. “Why must it be the case that we love our own and hate the other?” Nicholas Christakis of Yale University said. “I have struggled with this, and read and studied a tremendous amount, and I have mostly 6 news. It’s awful. Xenophobia and in-group bias go hand-in-hand. It’s like, in order to 7 together, we need a common enemy.” Fortunately, he added, no model insists that the out-group must be exterminated or otherwise 8 from the scene. “It’s possible to treat the out-group with mild dislike or even grudging respect,” he said. “Cultivating in-group distinctiveness does not require that the other must be killed.” 9 , even the ordinary business of making friends is an exclusionary act and a judgement call, therefore threaded with the potential for pain. “A friendship is always a little bit of a conspiracy (阴谋),” said Alexander Nehamas, a professor of philosophy at Princeton. “We two are here, they are over there, and we’re going to do our thing whether they want us to or not. And if they try to join us, we can say, no, sorry, that seat is 10 . We’re saving it for a friend.” Who may not return the favor. Abdullah Almaatouq of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his colleagues recently showed that people are poor 11 of who their friends are. When the researchers asked 84 college students to identify which of their classmates 12 as friends, the researchers found that in half the cases, those labeled friends failed to repay the title. Friendships are also surprisingly fragile. Based on a detailed survey of 540 participants, researchers at Oxford University determined that people had a falling out with a member of their social circle about once every 7.2 months, or nearly two times annually, and that a year later 40 percent of those broken relationships remained 13 . The overall rates of friendship conflict did not differ between men and women, but women were more likely to argue with close friends, to express feelings of great suffering over the breakup, and to be more 14 of evidence of regret before settling differences. Sure, love may mean never having to say you’re sorry. But friendship is 15 , and sorry may not be enough. 1．A．appear B．know C．name D．view 2．A．admit B．adopt C．ensure D．hope 3．A．defend B．distance C．familiarize D．resemble 4．A．achievement B．belonging C．confidence D．control 5．A．ability B．chance C．freedom D．urge 6．A．dispiriting B．popular C．positive D．untrustworthy 7．A．band B．head C．live D．put 8．A．collected B．eliminated C．hidden D．transferred 9．A．Moreover B．Nevertheless C．Otherwise D．Meanwhile 10．A．covered B．locked C．removed D．taken 11．A．candidates B．judges C．listeners D．models 12．A．disguised B．qualified C．remained D．served 13．A．unattached B．unprepared C．unhealed D．unproven 14．A．demanding B．deserving C．trusting D．understanding 15．A．harder B．rarer C．stricter D．stronger 五、书信写作 1．（25-26高二下·上海静安·期末）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，你的学校拟建造一间专用教室（specialized classroom）。共有三个备选方案：①电子阅览室（e-library）；②心理咨询室（Psychological Counseling Room）；③舞蹈房（Dance Studio）。给校长写信，信中必须包括： 2．你建议建造的专用教室； 3．你的理由； 4．你对该专用教室的设计建议。 （信中不得出现学生姓名，学校等真实信息） __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（25-26高二下·上海宝山·期末）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是风华中学高二学生李华，为落实教育部关于“中小学生每日体育活动时间不少于两小时”的要求，学校拟每天增加半小时活动时间，就这一计划征求师生意见。目前主要有两种方案：方案A将时间安排在早晨第一节课前，方案B安排在下午最后一节课后。请你向校刊投稿说明你支持的方案。 内容须包括： ➤你支持的方案； ➤你支持该方案的理由。 （文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（25-26高二下·上海浦东新·期末）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是建才中学高二学生李华，你的英国好友Joe为房间里囤积的过多物品感到烦恼，所以写了一封邮件向你寻求帮助。请你回复一封邮件帮助你的好友。你的邮件内容包括： 1. 你的建议； 2. 你的理由。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（25-26高二下·上海·期中）假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华。你们学校将邀请 AI 领域的专家 Tom Johnson 为学生做讲座，你负责与他联系。他给你发了一封电子邮件(内容如下)，请根据他在电子邮件中提出的要求写一封回信。 Dear Li Hua, Thank you for inviting me. For my lecture, I'd like to know about what aspect of AI development interests Chinese students most. Please give me two questions you'd like me to answer and tell me why you choose these two questions. Looking forward to your reply and hoping to see you soon. Yours sincerely, Tom Johnson ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（25-26高二下·上海徐汇·期中）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李华最近，你的好朋友Alex来信说，他迷上了小说，无论何时何地都捧着书阅读，挤压上课以及睡觉的时间。他对此很担心，但无法解决这一问题，因此写信向你求助。请你用英语给Alex写一封回信，谈谈你的想法并给他一些建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $