人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 2 Inspiring People 暑假预习知识练习单（解析版+原卷版）

人教版九年级上册 Unit 2 Inspiring People 暑假预习单 - 学生版（预习练习用） 姓名：______________ 班级：______________ 日期：______________ ① 知识梳理 A. 核心词汇 1. __________________ adj.鼓舞人心的；激励的 • 词形变换：动词形式 ______________（启发；激励）；名词形式 ______________________（灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事物）；形容词形式 ________________（受启发的；受到鼓舞的） • 搭配：an __________________ person 一个鼓舞人心的人；an __________________ story 一个激励人心的故事；find sb. __________________ 觉得某人令人钦佩 • 例句：Zhong Yang is an __________________ person because of his efforts to protect plant diversity. 2. ____________ v.钦佩；赞赏 • 词形变换：名词形式 ____________________（钦佩；赞赏）；形容词形式 __________________（令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的）；名词（人） ______________（仰慕者） • 搭配：____________ sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人；____________ sb.'s courage 钦佩某人的勇气；be ______________ by... 被……钦佩 • 例句：I ____________ Yuan Longping for his great contribution to agriculture. 3. ______________ n.勇气；勇敢 • 词形变换：形容词形式 ____________________（勇敢的；有胆量的）；动词形式 __________________（鼓励）；名词形式 __________________________（鼓励；激励） • 搭配：full of ______________ 充满勇气；have the ______________ to do sth. 有勇气做某事；lose ______________ 丧失勇气 • 例句：Wang Yaping is full of ______________ and wisdom. 4. ____________ n.智慧；才智 • 词形变换：形容词形式 ________（明智的；有智慧的）；副词形式 ____________（明智地） • 搭配：full of ____________ 充满智慧；show great ____________ 展现出伟大的智慧；the ____________ of... ……的智慧 • 例句：Confucius showed great ____________ in his teachings. 5. __________________ n.好奇心；求知欲 • 词形变换：形容词形式 ______________（好奇的）；副词形式 __________________（好奇地） • 搭配：show __________________ about 对……表现出好奇心；out of __________________ 出于好奇；satisfy one's __________________ 满足某人的好奇心 • 例句：When he was young, he showed a deep love and __________________ for the things he studied. 6. ________________ adj.有创造力的；创造性的 • 词形变换：动词形式 ____________（创造；创建）；名词形式 ________________（创造；作品）；名词（人） ______________（创造者） • 搭配：a ________________ person 一个有创造力的人；a ________________ idea 一个有创意的想法；be ________________ in... 在……方面有创意 • 例句：It was very ________________ of him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. 7. ______________ n.先驱；拓荒者 • 词形变换：形容词形式 ____________________（开创性的；先驱的） • 搭配：a ______________ of... ……的先驱；______________ in the field of 在……领域的先驱 • 例句：Alan Turing was a ______________ of computer science. 8. ____________ n.饥饿 • 词形变换：形容词形式 ____________（饥饿的）；副词形式 ________________（饥饿地） • 搭配：reduce ____________ 减少饥饿；die of ____________ 死于饥饿；world ____________ 世界性饥饿问题 • 例句：It was great of Yuan Longping to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce ____________. 9. __________________ n.发现 • 词形变换：动词形式 ________________（发现）；名词（人） ____________________（发现者） • 搭配：make a __________________ 做出发现；important ______________________ 重要的发现；the __________________ of... ……的发现 • 例句：Marie Curie made many important ______________________ in physics and chemistry. 10. ____________ n.国家；民族 • 词形变换：形容词形式 ________________（国家的；民族的）；名词形式 ______________________（国籍） • 搭配：a modern ____________ 一个现代化国家；develop into a ____________ 发展成一个国家；the whole ____________ 全国 • 例句：Brunel helped the UK develop into a modern ____________. 11. ____________ v./n.传播；散布 • 词形变换：三态同形 ____________ → ____________ → ____________ • 搭配：____________ diseases 传播疾病；____________ to... 传播到……；the ____________ of... ……的传播 • 例句：It was wonderful of Nightingale to help stop the ____________ of diseases. 12. ______________ n.疾病 • 词形变换：形容词形式 ________________（患病的；病态的） • 搭配：suffer from a ______________ 患上疾病；prevent the ____________ of ______________ 预防疾病的传播；a serious ______________ 一种严重的疾病 • 例句：Nightingale helped people understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the ____________ of diseases. 13. __________ adj./v.勇敢的；勇敢面对 • 词形变换：副词形式 ______________（勇敢地）；名词形式 ______________（勇敢；勇气） • 搭配：__________ the cold weather 勇敢面对严寒天气；be __________ enough to do 足够勇敢去做；a __________ soldier 一个勇敢的士兵 • 例句：It was very difficult for him to __________ the cold weather and great heights. 14. __________________ adj.必要的；必需的 • 词形变换：副词形式 ______________________（必要地；必然地）；名词形式 __________________（必要性；必需品）；反义词 ______________________（不必要的） • 搭配：It is __________________ for sb. to do 某人做某事是必要的；a __________________ step 一个必要的步骤 • 例句：It is __________________ for us to protect the environment. 15. ____________________ adj.科学（上）的 • 词形变换：名词形式 ______________（科学）；名词（人） __________________（科学家） • 搭配：____________________ research 科学研究；____________________ exploration 科学探索；the ____________________ world 科学界 • 例句：The ____________________ world was shaken by the news of Zhong Yang's death. 16. ______________________ n.探索 • 词形变换：动词形式 ______________（探索；考察）；名词（人） ________________（探险家；探索者） • 搭配：____________________ ______________________ 科学探索；space ______________________ 太空探索；continue the ______________________ of 继续对……的探索 • 例句：His students will continue on the road of ____________________ ______________________. 17. ______________ n.化学家 • 词形变换：名词形式 __________________（化学）；形容词形式 ________________（化学的） • 搭配：a great ______________ 一位伟大的化学家；win the Nobel Prize in __________________ 获得诺贝尔化学奖 • 例句：Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in __________________ in 1911. 18. __________________ n.生物学家 • 词形变换：名词形式 ______________（生物学）；形容词形式 ____________________（生物的；生物学的） • 搭配：a well-respected __________________ 一位受人尊敬的生物学家；become a __________________ 成为一名生物学家 • 例句：Zhong Yang was a well-respected __________________ at Fudan University. 19. ________________ n.善良；仁慈 • 词形变换：形容词形式 ________（善良的；友好的）；副词形式 ____________（温和地；亲切地） • 搭配：show ________________ to 对……表现出善意；out of ________________ 出于善意；the same ________________ and care 同样的善意和关怀 • 例句：Mozi believed everyone should show the same ________________ to everyone else. 20. __________________ v.鼓励；激励 • 词形变换：名词形式 __________________________（鼓励；激励）；形容词形式 ____________________（受到鼓励的）；形容词形式 ______________________（令人鼓舞的） • 搭配：__________________ sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；support and __________________ 支持和鼓励 • 例句：It's really very nice of him to support and __________________ my exchange study here. B. 核心词组 1. ____________________ 钦佩；仰慕（后接人，表示敬仰、崇拜） • 例句：Many people ____________________ Amelia Earhart and find her inspiring. 2. ________________ (of sth.) 辍学；不再参加（后接school等名词） • 例句：Michael Faraday ______________________ of school at an early age, but he became a great scientist. 3. __________________ 实现；成为现实（主语通常是dream/wish/hope等） • 例句：Her dream of flying across the Atlantic __________________ in 1932. 4. ________________________ 留下；遗留（可拆开使用：leave sth. behind） • 例句：Zhong Yang ______________________ more than just a huge collection of seeds. 5. ______________ 继续存在；继续活着（指精神、传统等延续下去） • 例句：His love for his job and research ________________ in his students. 6. __________________ 最重要的是；尤其是（强调最突出的品质或特点） • 例句：Mozi was a soldier and inventor, but __________________, he was a great thinker. 7. ______________________________ 充满勇气（描述人物品质） • 例句：Amelia Earhart was always a brave child, ______________________________. 8. __________________________ 永不放弃（描述坚持不懈的精神） • 例句：It is always important to keep going in life — just __________________________. 9. __________________ 志存高远；敢于梦想（鼓励追求远大目标） • 例句：It is important for young people to __________________ and work hard. 10. __________________ 确保；务必（后接that从句或of sth.） • 例句：Seed banks __________________ that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. C. 语法要点 (一) ______________ 的三种句型 ★ 定义：形式主语 It，就是把真正的主语（通常是一个很长的 to do 不定式或 that 从句）放到句子后面，用 It 来“占位”，避免句子头重脚轻。如：To brave the cold weather was very difficult for him → It was very difficult for him ________________ the cold weather. ★ 结构1：It is/was + adj. + ________ sb. + to do sth.（评价某人的品质或行为） 形容词描述“人”的品格，可把形容词移到 sb. 前面：sb. is adj. ✅ 说得通 → 用 of 常用形容词：kind, nice, __________, ________________, ________, clever, generous, foolish, polite, rude 例：It was very ________________ of him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. 例：It was __________ of Victor Hugo to stand up for the common people he cared about. ★ 结构2：It is/was + adj. + ________ sb. + to do sth.（描述做某事对某人来说怎么样） 形容词描述“事情”的性质，不能把形容词移到 sb. 前面：sb. is adj. ❌ 说不同 → 用 for 常用形容词：difficult, easy, important, __________________, impossible, possible, hard, dangerous, convenient 例：It was very difficult ________ him to brave the cold weather and great heights. 例：It is important ________ seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. ★ 结构3：It is/was + adj. + ________...（表达“某件事是……的”） that 引导主语从句，It 是形式主语，that 前面不需要 of/for sb. 常用形容词：amazing, wonderful, __________________, surprising, clear, true, important, necessary 例：It was amazing ________ he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. 例：It is always __________________ to read about great people and learn their stories. (二) ________ 与 ________ 的辨析（必考易错） ★ 判断方法：把形容词移到 sb. 前面试试 【of 句型】形容词描述人的品质 → sb. is adj. ✅ 说得通 → 用 ________ 例：It was kind ________ you to help. → You were kind. ✅ 说得通！ 【for 句型】形容词描述事情的性质 → sb. is adj. ❌ 说不同 → 用 ________ 例：It was hard ________ him to go. → He was hard. ❌ 意思变了！ ★ 易错点1：of 和 for 混淆 ❌ It was very nice ________ him to support my study. ✅ It was very nice ________ him to support my study.（nice描述人的品质，He was nice ✅） ★ 易错点2：that 从句误用 of/for ❌ It was amazing ________ him that he did research. ✅ It was amazing ________ he did research.（that句型不需要of/for sb.） ★ 易错点3：形式主语用错代词 ❌ ________ is important for us to learn English well. ✅ ________ is important for us to learn English well.（形式主语只能用It） ★ 易错点4：to do 遗漏 to ❌ It was brave of him face the danger. ✅ It was brave of him ______________ the danger.（of/for sb. 后面的不定式必须带to） ★ 易错点5：形容词与介词搭配错误 ❌ It is difficult ________ me to finish the work. ✅ It is difficult ________ me to finish the work.（difficult描述事情性质，I am difficult 意思变了） ② 基础闯关 A. 根据句意及中文提示完成单词（每空一词） 1. Zhong Yang is an ___________（鼓舞人心的）person because of his efforts to protect plant diversity. 2. I ___________（钦佩）Yuan Longping for his great contribution to agriculture. 3. Wang Yaping is full of ___________（勇气）and wisdom. 4. Confucius showed great ___________（智慧）in his teachings. 5. Marie Curie made many important ___________（发现）in physics and chemistry. 6. It is ___________（必要的）for us to protect the environment. 7. The ___________（科学界）was shaken by the news of Zhong Yang's death. 8. Nightingale helped stop the ___________（传播）of diseases. 9. Alan Turing was a ___________（先驱）of computer science. 10. Mozi believed everyone should show the same ___________（善良）to everyone else. B. 单项选择 11. It was very creative ______ him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. A. for B. of C. to D. with 12. It is important ______ seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. A. for B. of C. to D. with 13. It was amazing ______ he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. A. of him that B. for him that C. that D. what 14. It was brave ______ the soldier to save the child from the river. A. for B. of C. to D. with 15. ______ is necessary for us to protect the environment. A. This B. That C. It D. What 16. Many people ______ Amelia Earhart and find her inspiring. A. look up to B. look after C. look for D. look at 17. Her dream of flying across the Atlantic ______ in 1932. A. came true B. came out C. came up D. came in 18. Michael Faraday ______ school at an early age, but he became a great scientist. A. dropped in B. dropped out of C. dropped off D. dropped down 19. Yuan Longping developed a new kind of rice and helped reduce ______. A. hungry B. hunger C. hungrily D. hungriest 20. It is always important to keep going in life — just ______. A. give up B. give in C. never give up D. give away ③ 点拨培优 A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. It was very kind of you ______ (help) me with my homework. 2. It is necessary for students ______ (read) more books. 3. Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in ______ (chemist) in 1911. 4. It was really brave and ______ (admire) that he never forgot his task. 5. It seemed ______ (possible) for him to finish his task at that time. 6. Zhong Yang was a well-respected ______ (biology) at Fudan University. 7. His students will continue on the road of ______ (science) exploration. 8. He showed a deep love and ______ (curious) for the things he studied. B. 句型转换 11. He was very creative to design the glass pyramid.（用It改写） _________________________________________________________ 12.For Zhong Yang, it was very difficult to brave the cold weather.（改为同义句） _________________________________________________________ 13.He did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. That was amazing.（合并为一句） _________________________________________________________ 14.It was brave of the soldier to save the child.（改为同义句，不改变句意） _________________________________________________________ 15.This is important for us to learn English well.（改正句中错误） _________________________________________________________ 16.It was brave of him face the danger.（改正句中错误） _________________________________________________________ 17.I think that it is not necessary to chase fashion.（用否定转移改写） _________________________________________________________ 18.He never forgot his task. It was really brave and admirable.（合并为一句，用that引导） _________________________________________________________ ④ 高分冲刺 A. 完形填空 Tu Youyou is one of the most inspiring scientists in China. She was born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang. When she was young, she showed a deep (1)______ for science and medicine. After graduating from university, she became a (2)______ at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In the 1960s, a terrible (3)______ called malaria (疟疾) was killing millions of people around the world. The government asked Tu Youyou to find a cure. It was very (4)______ for her to do this research, because she had to test hundreds of traditional Chinese medicine recipes. But she never (5)______. After many years of hard work, Tu Youyou finally made an important (6)______. She found that artemisinin (青蒿素) could treat malaria. It was really (7)______ of her to test the medicine on herself first to make sure it was safe. Her discovery has saved millions of lives and helped (8)______ the spread of the disease. In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. She was the first Chinese woman to receive this honour. It was amazing (9)______ she achieved such great success using traditional Chinese medicine. Her story teaches us that it is important for us to (10)______ and never give up, no matter how hard the journey is. ( ) 1. A. curiosity B. courage C. kindness D. hunger ( ) 2. A. pioneer B. researcher C. historian D. inventor ( ) 3. A. discovery B. disease C. exploration D. collection ( ) 4. A. easy B. necessary C. difficult D. brave ( ) 5. A. gave up B. came true C. left behind D. dropped out ( ) 6. A. collection B. discovery C. creation D. exploration ( ) 7. A. kind B. brave C. wise D. creative ( ) 8. A. spread B. stop C. encourage D. reduce ( ) 9. A. that B. of C. for D. what ( ) 10. A. look up to B. drop out C. dream big D. leave behind B. 阅读理解 Wang Yaping is a name that inspires millions of people in China and around the world. Born in 1980 in a small village in Shandong Province, she never imagined that one day she would fly into space. However, her childhood dream of becoming a pilot came true when she joined the Chinese Air Force in 1997. In 2010, Wang was selected as one of China's second group of astronauts. It was very difficult for her to pass the strict training. She had to sit in a spinning chair for 15 minutes without feeling sick, and hold her breath underwater for long periods. But she never gave up. 'It was brave of her to keep trying even when things were really hard,' said one of her teammates. In 2013, Wang flew into space on the Shenzhou-10 mission and gave a live physics lesson to over 60 million students across China. It was the first time a Chinese astronaut had given a lesson from space. In 2021, she went to space again on the Shenzhou-13 mission and became the first Chinese woman to walk in space. It was amazing that she achieved so much in just a few years. Wang Yaping is full of courage and wisdom. She once said, 'Dreams are like stars in the sky — they seem far away, but if you keep looking up and never give up, you can reach them.' Her story teaches us that it is important for everyone to dream big and work hard, no matter where you come from. ( )11. Where was Wang Yaping born? A. In Beijing. B. In a small village in Shandong Province. C. In Shanghai. D. In a big city in Sichuan Province. ( )12. When did Wang Yaping join the Chinese Air Force? A. In 1980. B. In 2010. C. In 1997. D. In 2013. ( )13. What does the underlined sentence 'It was brave of her to keep trying' mean? A. She was afraid of trying. B. She was courageous enough to keep trying. C. It was easy for her to keep trying. D. She gave up trying in the end. ( )14. What is special about Wang Yaping's space walk? A. She was the first Chinese to walk in space. B. She was the first Chinese woman to walk in space. C. She walked in space for the longest time. D. She gave a lesson while walking in space. ( )15. What can we learn from Wang Yaping's story? A. Only men can become astronauts. B. Dreams are impossible to achieve. C. We should dream big and never give up. D. Space training is easy and fun. ⑤ 书面表达 书面表达 你校英语社团正在举办以“An Inspiring Person”为主题的英语征文比赛。请写一篇英语短文，介绍一位你最钦佩的人。 内容包括： 1. 介绍你最钦佩的人是谁及其身份/职业； 2. 描述他/她的事迹和品质（遇到的困难、如何克服、取得的成就）； 3. 说明他/她对你产生的影响和你的感悟； 4. 适当使用形式主语It的句型。 注意： 1. 词数80-100词； 2. 可以适当增加细节； 3. 开头和结尾已给出。 参考词汇（可选用）：inspiring admire courage discovery encourage dream big never give up look up to Dear Editor, The person I admire most is___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ His/Her story encourages me to be a better person. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版九年级上册 Unit 2 Inspiring People 暑假预习单 - 解析版（教师/家长用） ① 学习目标 • 掌握本单元20个核心词汇的词形变换、常用搭配及用法 • 掌握10个核心词组的意义、用法并能熟练运用 • 掌握形式主语It的三种句型（It is adj. of sb. to do / It is adj. for sb. to do / It is adj. that...） • 能运用形式主语It句型评价人物品质和行为 • 能运用所学词汇和句型完成关于“我最钦佩的人”的书面表达 ② 核心词汇精讲 1. inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；激励的 • 词形变换：动词形式 inspire（启发；激励）；名词形式 inspiration（灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事物）；形容词形式 inspired（受启发的；受到鼓舞的） • 搭配：an inspiring person 一个鼓舞人心的人；an inspiring story 一个激励人心的故事；find sb. inspiring 觉得某人令人钦佩 • 例句：Zhong Yang is an inspiring person because of his efforts to protect plant diversity. 2. admire v.钦佩；赞赏 • 词形变换：名词形式 admiration（钦佩；赞赏）；形容词形式 admirable（令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的）；名词（人） admirer（仰慕者） • 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人；admire sb.'s courage 钦佩某人的勇气；be admired by... 被……钦佩 • 例句：I admire Yuan Longping for his great contribution to agriculture. 3. courage n.勇气；勇敢 • 词形变换：形容词形式 courageous（勇敢的；有胆量的）；动词形式 encourage（鼓励）；名词形式 encouragement（鼓励；激励） • 搭配：full of courage 充满勇气；have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事；lose courage 丧失勇气 • 例句：Wang Yaping is full of courage and wisdom. 4. wisdom n.智慧；才智 • 词形变换：形容词形式 wise（明智的；有智慧的）；副词形式 wisely（明智地） • 搭配：full of wisdom 充满智慧；show great wisdom 展现出伟大的智慧；the wisdom of... ……的智慧 • 例句：Confucius showed great wisdom in his teachings. 5. curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲 • 词形变换：形容词形式 curious（好奇的）；副词形式 curiously（好奇地） • 搭配：show curiosity about 对……表现出好奇心；out of curiosity 出于好奇；satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 • 例句：When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. 6. creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的 • 词形变换：动词形式 create（创造；创建）；名词形式 creation（创造；作品）；名词（人） creator（创造者） • 搭配：a creative person 一个有创造力的人；a creative idea 一个有创意的想法；be creative in... 在……方面有创意 • 例句：It was very creative of him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. 7. pioneer n.先驱；拓荒者 • 词形变换：形容词形式 pioneering（开创性的；先驱的） • 搭配：a pioneer of... ……的先驱；pioneer in the field of 在……领域的先驱 • 例句：Alan Turing was a pioneer of computer science. 8. hunger n.饥饿 • 词形变换：形容词形式 hungry（饥饿的）；副词形式 hungrily（饥饿地） • 搭配：reduce hunger 减少饥饿；die of hunger 死于饥饿；world hunger 世界性饥饿问题 • 例句：It was great of Yuan Longping to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. 9. discovery n.发现 • 词形变换：动词形式 discover（发现）；名词（人） discoverer（发现者） • 搭配：make a discovery 做出发现；important discoveries 重要的发现；the discovery of... ……的发现 • 例句：Marie Curie made many important discoveries in physics and chemistry. 10. nation n.国家；民族 • 词形变换：形容词形式 national（国家的；民族的）；名词形式 nationality（国籍） • 搭配：a modern nation 一个现代化国家；develop into a nation 发展成一个国家；the whole nation 全国 • 例句：Brunel helped the UK develop into a modern nation. 11. spread v./n.传播；散布 • 词形变换：三态同形 spread → spread → spread • 搭配：spread diseases 传播疾病；spread to... 传播到……；the spread of... ……的传播 • 例句：It was wonderful of Nightingale to help stop the spread of diseases. 12. disease n.疾病 • 词形变换：形容词形式 diseased（患病的；病态的） • 搭配：suffer from a disease 患上疾病；prevent the spread of disease 预防疾病的传播；a serious disease 一种严重的疾病 • 例句：Nightingale helped people understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases. 13. brave adj./v.勇敢的；勇敢面对 • 词形变换：副词形式 bravely（勇敢地）；名词形式 bravery（勇敢；勇气） • 搭配：brave the cold weather 勇敢面对严寒天气；be brave enough to do 足够勇敢去做；a brave soldier 一个勇敢的士兵 • 例句：It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. 14. necessary adj.必要的；必需的 • 词形变换：副词形式 necessarily（必要地；必然地）；名词形式 necessity（必要性；必需品）；反义词 unnecessary（不必要的） • 搭配：It is necessary for sb. to do 某人做某事是必要的；a necessary step 一个必要的步骤 • 例句：It is necessary for us to protect the environment. 15. scientific adj.科学（上）的 • 词形变换：名词形式 science（科学）；名词（人） scientist（科学家） • 搭配：scientific research 科学研究；scientific exploration 科学探索；the scientific world 科学界 • 例句：The scientific world was shaken by the news of Zhong Yang's death. 16. exploration n.探索 • 词形变换：动词形式 explore（探索；考察）；名词（人） explorer（探险家；探索者） • 搭配：scientific exploration 科学探索；space exploration 太空探索；continue the exploration of 继续对……的探索 • 例句：His students will continue on the road of scientific exploration. 17. chemist n.化学家 • 词形变换：名词形式 chemistry（化学）；形容词形式 chemical（化学的） • 搭配：a great chemist 一位伟大的化学家；win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 获得诺贝尔化学奖 • 例句：Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. 18. biologist n.生物学家 • 词形变换：名词形式 biology（生物学）；形容词形式 biological（生物的；生物学的） • 搭配：a well-respected biologist 一位受人尊敬的生物学家；become a biologist 成为一名生物学家 • 例句：Zhong Yang was a well-respected biologist at Fudan University. 19. kindness n.善良；仁慈 • 词形变换：形容词形式 kind（善良的；友好的）；副词形式 kindly（温和地；亲切地） • 搭配：show kindness to 对……表现出善意；out of kindness 出于善意；the same kindness and care 同样的善意和关怀 • 例句：Mozi believed everyone should show the same kindness to everyone else. 20. encourage v.鼓励；激励 • 词形变换：名词形式 encouragement（鼓励；激励）；形容词形式 encouraged（受到鼓励的）；形容词形式 encouraging（令人鼓舞的） • 搭配：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；support and encourage 支持和鼓励 • 例句：It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. ③ 核心词组精讲 1. look up to 钦佩；仰慕（后接人，表示敬仰、崇拜） • 例句：Many people look up to Amelia Earhart and find her inspiring. 2. drop out (of sth.) 辍学；不再参加（后接school等名词） • 例句：Michael Faraday dropped out of school at an early age, but he became a great scientist. 3. come true 实现；成为现实（主语通常是dream/wish/hope等） • 例句：Her dream of flying across the Atlantic came true in 1932. 4. leave behind 留下；遗留（可拆开使用：leave sth. behind） • 例句：Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. 5. live on 继续存在；继续活着（指精神、传统等延续下去） • 例句：His love for his job and research lives on in his students. 6. above all 最重要的是；尤其是（强调最突出的品质或特点） • 例句：Mozi was a soldier and inventor, but above all, he was a great thinker. 7. full of courage 充满勇气（描述人物品质） • 例句：Amelia Earhart was always a brave child, full of courage. 8. never give up 永不放弃（描述坚持不懈的精神） • 例句：It is always important to keep going in life — just never give up. 9. dream big 志存高远；敢于梦想（鼓励追求远大目标） • 例句：It is important for young people to dream big and work hard. 10. make sure 确保；务必（后接that从句或of sth.） • 例句：Seed banks make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. ④ 语法精讲 (一) 形式主语 It 的三种句型 ★ 定义：形式主语 It，就是把真正的主语（通常是一个很长的 to do 不定式或 that 从句）放到句子后面，用 It 来“占位”，避免句子头重脚轻。如：To brave the cold weather was very difficult for him → It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather. ★ 结构1：It is/was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.（评价某人的品质或行为） 形容词描述“人”的品格，可把形容词移到 sb. 前面：sb. is adj. ✅ 说得通 → 用 of 常用形容词：kind, nice, brave, creative, wise, clever, generous, foolish, polite, rude 例：It was very creative of him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. 例：It was brave of Victor Hugo to stand up for the common people he cared about. ★ 结构2：It is/was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.（描述做某事对某人来说怎么样） 形容词描述“事情”的性质，不能把形容词移到 sb. 前面：sb. is adj. ❌ 说不同 → 用 for 常用形容词：difficult, easy, important, necessary, impossible, possible, hard, dangerous, convenient 例：It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. 例：It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. ★ 结构3：It is/was + adj. + that...（表达“某件事是……的”） that 引导主语从句，It 是形式主语，that 前面不需要 of/for sb. 常用形容词：amazing, wonderful, inspiring, surprising, clear, true, important, necessary 例：It was amazing that he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. 例：It is always inspiring to read about great people and learn their stories. (二) of 与 for 的辨析（必考易错） ★ 判断方法：把形容词移到 sb. 前面试试 【of 句型】形容词描述人的品质 → sb. is adj. ✅ 说得通 → 用 of 例：It was kind of you to help. → You were kind. ✅ 说得通！ 【for 句型】形容词描述事情的性质 → sb. is adj. ❌ 说不通 → 用 for 例：It was hard for him to go. → He was hard. ❌ 意思变了！ ★ 易错点1：of 和 for 混淆 ❌ It was very nice for him to support my study. ✅ It was very nice of him to support my study.（nice描述人的品质，He was nice ✅） ★ 易错点2：that 从句误用 of/for ❌ It was amazing of him that he did research. ✅ It was amazing that he did research.（that句型不需要of/for sb.） ★ 易错点3：形式主语用错代词 ❌ This is important for us to learn English well. ✅ It is important for us to learn English well.（形式主语只能用It） ★ 易错点4：to do 遗漏 to ❌ It was brave of him face the danger. ✅ It was brave of him to face the danger.（of/for sb. 后面的不定式必须带to） ★ 易错点5：形容词与介词搭配错误 ❌ It is difficult of me to finish the work. ✅ It is difficult for me to finish the work.（difficult描述事情性质，I am difficult 意思变了） ⑤ 基础闯关 A. 根据句意及中文提示完成单词（每空一词） 1. Zhong Yang is an ___________（鼓舞人心的）person because of his efforts to protect plant diversity. 答案：inspiring 解析：inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，修饰人 2. I ___________（钦佩）Yuan Longping for his great contribution to agriculture. 答案：admire 解析：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 3. Wang Yaping is full of ___________（勇气）and wisdom. 答案：courage 解析：full of courage 充满勇气，courage为名词 4. Confucius showed great ___________（智慧）in his teachings. 答案：wisdom 解析：show great wisdom 展现出伟大的智慧，wisdom为名词 5. Marie Curie made many important ___________（发现）in physics and chemistry. 答案：discoveries 解析：make discoveries 做出发现，many后用复数形式 6. It is ___________（必要的）for us to protect the environment. 答案：necessary 解析：It is necessary for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是必要的 7. The ___________（科学界）was shaken by the news of Zhong Yang's death. 答案：scientific world 解析：the scientific world 科学界 8. Nightingale helped stop the ___________（传播）of diseases. 答案：spread 解析：the spread of... ……的传播，spread作名词 9. Alan Turing was a ___________（先驱）of computer science. 答案：pioneer 解析：a pioneer of... ……的先驱 10. Mozi believed everyone should show the same ___________（善良）to everyone else. 答案：kindness 解析：show kindness to 对……表现出善意，kindness为名词 B. 单项选择 11. It was very creative ______ him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. A. for B. of C. to D. with 答案：B 解析：creative描述人的品质（He was creative ✅），用of，考查It is adj. of sb. to do句型 12. It is important ______ seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. A. for B. of C. to D. with 答案：A 解析：important描述事情的性质，不能用sb. is important来表达，用for 13. It was amazing ______ he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. A. of him that B. for him that C. that D. what 答案：C 解析：It is/was + adj. + that... 句型，that引导主语从句，不需要of/for sb. 14. It was brave ______ the soldier to save the child from the river. A. for B. of C. to D. with 答案：B 解析：brave描述人的品质（The soldier was brave ✅），用of 15. ______ is necessary for us to protect the environment. A. This B. That C. It D. What 答案：C 解析：形式主语只能用It，不能用This或That 16. Many people ______ Amelia Earhart and find her inspiring. A. look up to B. look after C. look for D. look at 答案：A 解析：look up to 钦佩；仰慕，符合语境 17. Her dream of flying across the Atlantic ______ in 1932. A. came true B. came out C. came up D. came in 答案：A 解析：come true 实现；成为现实，主语是dream 18. Michael Faraday ______ school at an early age, but he became a great scientist. A. dropped in B. dropped out of C. dropped off D. dropped down 答案：B 解析：drop out of school 辍学 19. Yuan Longping developed a new kind of rice and helped reduce ______. A. hungry B. hunger C. hungrily D. hungriest 答案：B 解析：reduce hunger 减少饥饿，hunger为名词 20. It is always important to keep going in life — just ______. A. give up B. give in C. never give up D. give away 答案：C 解析：never give up 永不放弃，与keep going语义一致 ⑥ 点拨培优 A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. It was very kind of you ______ (help) me with my homework. 答案：to help 解析：It is/was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.，to do不定式是真正的主语 2. It is necessary for students ______ (read) more books. 答案：to read 解析：It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.，to do不定式作真正主语 3. Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in ______ (chemist) in 1911. 答案：Chemistry 解析：the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 诺贝尔化学奖，Chemistry为学科名词 4. It was really brave and ______ (admire) that he never forgot his task. 答案：admirable 解析：brave and admirable 并列形容词，admire → admirable（令人钦佩的） 5. It seemed ______ (possible) for him to finish his task at that time. 答案：impossible 解析：根据语境，似乎不可能完成，填impossible 6. Zhong Yang was a well-respected ______ (biology) at Fudan University. 答案：biologist 解析：biologist 生物学家，表示人的职业 7. His students will continue on the road of ______ (science) exploration. 答案：scientific 解析：scientific exploration 科学探索，形容词修饰名词 8. He showed a deep love and ______ (curious) for the things he studied. 答案：curiosity 解析：love and curiosity 并列名词，curious → curiosity（好奇心） B. 句型转换 11. He was very creative to design the glass pyramid.（用It改写） _________________________________________________________ 答案：It was very creative of him to design the glass pyramid. 解析：将sb. is adj. + to do改写为It is/was adj. of sb. to do 12.For Zhong Yang, it was very difficult to brave the cold weather.（改为同义句） _________________________________________________________ 答案：It was very difficult for Zhong Yang to brave the cold weather. 解析：将For sb., it is adj. to do转换为It is adj. for sb. to do 13.He did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. That was amazing.（合并为一句） _________________________________________________________ 答案：It was amazing that he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. 解析：合并为It is/was + adj. + that从句 14.It was brave of the soldier to save the child.（改为同义句，不改变句意） _________________________________________________________ 答案：The soldier was brave to save the child. 解析：It was adj. of sb. to do → sb. was adj. to do，of句型可互换 15.This is important for us to learn English well.（改正句中错误） _________________________________________________________ 答案：It is important for us to learn English well. 解析：形式主语只能用It，不能用This 16.It was brave of him face the danger.（改正句中错误） _________________________________________________________ 答案：It was brave of him to face the danger. 解析：of/for sb. 后面的不定式必须带to 17.I think that it is not necessary to chase fashion.（用否定转移改写） _________________________________________________________ 答案：I don't think that it is necessary to chase fashion. 解析：think的否定要转移到主句 18.He never forgot his task. It was really brave and admirable.（合并为一句，用that引导） _________________________________________________________ 答案：It was really brave and admirable that he never forgot his task. 解析：合并为It is/was + adj. + that从句，It为形式主语 ⑦ 高分冲刺 A. 完形填空 Tu Youyou is one of the most inspiring scientists in China. She was born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang. When she was young, she showed a deep (1)______ for science and medicine. After graduating from university, she became a (2)______ at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In the 1960s, a terrible (3)______ called malaria (疟疾) was killing millions of people around the world. The government asked Tu Youyou to find a cure. It was very (4)______ for her to do this research, because she had to test hundreds of traditional Chinese medicine recipes. But she never (5)______. After many years of hard work, Tu Youyou finally made an important (6)______. She found that artemisinin (青蒿素) could treat malaria. It was really (7)______ of her to test the medicine on herself first to make sure it was safe. Her discovery has saved millions of lives and helped (8)______ the spread of the disease. In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. She was the first Chinese woman to receive this honour. It was amazing (9)______ she achieved such great success using traditional Chinese medicine. Her story teaches us that it is important for us to (10)______ and never give up, no matter how hard the journey is. ( ) 1. A. curiosity B. courage C. kindness D. hunger ( ) 2. A. pioneer B. researcher C. historian D. inventor ( ) 3. A. discovery B. disease C. exploration D. collection ( ) 4. A. easy B. necessary C. difficult D. brave ( ) 5. A. gave up B. came true C. left behind D. dropped out ( ) 6. A. collection B. discovery C. creation D. exploration ( ) 7. A. kind B. brave C. wise D. creative ( ) 8. A. spread B. stop C. encourage D. reduce ( ) 9. A. that B. of C. for D. what ( ) 10. A. look up to B. drop out C. dream big D. leave behind 【答案与解析】 (1) A curiosity 好奇心，show a deep curiosity for 对……表现出深深的好奇心，符合语境 (2) B researcher 研究人员，在中国中医科学院做研究员，符合语境 (3) B disease 疾病，malaria是一种疾病，符合语境 (4) C difficult 困难的，It was very difficult for her 做这项研究对她来说很困难 (5) A gave up 放弃，but she never gave up 但她从未放弃，符合语境 (6) B discovery 发现，make a discovery 做出发现，符合语境 (7) B brave 勇敢的，It was really brave of her 她真的很勇敢，自己先试药 (8) D reduce 减少，help reduce the spread 帮助减少疾病的传播 (9) A that 引导主语从句，It was amazing that... ……令人惊叹 (10) C dream big 志存高远，与never give up并列，鼓励追求远大目标 B. 阅读理解 Wang Yaping is a name that inspires millions of people in China and around the world. Born in 1980 in a small village in Shandong Province, she never imagined that one day she would fly into space. However, her childhood dream of becoming a pilot came true when she joined the Chinese Air Force in 1997. In 2010, Wang was selected as one of China's second group of astronauts. It was very difficult for her to pass the strict training. She had to sit in a spinning chair for 15 minutes without feeling sick, and hold her breath underwater for long periods. But she never gave up. 'It was brave of her to keep trying even when things were really hard,' said one of her teammates. In 2013, Wang flew into space on the Shenzhou-10 mission and gave a live physics lesson to over 60 million students across China. It was the first time a Chinese astronaut had given a lesson from space. In 2021, she went to space again on the Shenzhou-13 mission and became the first Chinese woman to walk in space. It was amazing that she achieved so much in just a few years. Wang Yaping is full of courage and wisdom. She once said, 'Dreams are like stars in the sky — they seem far away, but if you keep looking up and never give up, you can reach them.' Her story teaches us that it is important for everyone to dream big and work hard, no matter where you come from. ( )11. Where was Wang Yaping born? A. In Beijing. B. In a small village in Shandong Province. C. In Shanghai. D. In a big city in Sichuan Province. 答案：B 解析：文章第一段明确指出 Born in 1980 in a small village in Shandong Province ( )12. When did Wang Yaping join the Chinese Air Force? A. In 1980. B. In 2010. C. In 1997. D. In 2013. 答案：C 解析：文章第一段指出 she joined the Chinese Air Force in 1997 ( )13. What does the underlined sentence 'It was brave of her to keep trying' mean? A. She was afraid of trying. B. She was courageous enough to keep trying. C. It was easy for her to keep trying. D. She gave up trying in the end. 答案：B 解析：It was brave of sb. to do 表示某人做某事很勇敢，与courageous enough意思一致 ( )14. What is special about Wang Yaping's space walk? A. She was the first Chinese to walk in space. B. She was the first Chinese woman to walk in space. C. She walked in space for the longest time. D. She gave a lesson while walking in space. 答案：B 解析：文章第三段明确指出 she became the first Chinese woman to walk in space ( )15. What can we learn from Wang Yaping's story? A. Only men can become astronauts. B. Dreams are impossible to achieve. C. We should dream big and never give up. D. Space training is easy and fun. 答案：C 解析：文章最后一段总结：it is important for everyone to dream big and work hard, no matter where you come from ⑧ 书面表达 书面表达 你校英语社团正在举办以“An Inspiring Person”为主题的英语征文比赛。请写一篇英语短文，介绍一位你最钦佩的人。 内容包括： 1. 介绍你最钦佩的人是谁及其身份/职业； 2. 描述他/她的事迹和品质（遇到的困难、如何克服、取得的成就）； 3. 说明他/她对你产生的影响和你的感悟； 4. 适当使用形式主语It的句型。 注意： 1. 词数80-100词； 2. 可以适当增加细节； 3. 开头和结尾已给出。 参考词汇（可选用）：inspiring admire courage discovery encourage dream big never give up look up to Dear Editor, The person I admire most is_________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ His/Her story encourages me to be a better person. Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Editor, The person I admire most is Zhong Yang. He was a biology professor at Fudan University who spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Zhong Yang spent over 16 years collecting plant seeds in Xizang. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights, but he never gave up. He collected more than 40 million seeds and trained local students to do field research. It was really brave and admirable of him to put all his heart into protecting plant diversity. Even though he passed away in 2017, his love for his job and research lives on in his students. I admire him because he is full of courage and wisdom. His story encourages me to be a better person. Yours, Li Hua 【写作要点分析】 1. 第一段用The person I admire most is...开头，点明人物和身份 2. 第二段用It was difficult for sb. to...描述困难，用It was brave/admirable of sb. to...评价品质 3. 第三段用lives on描述精神延续，用I admire him/her because...表达感悟 4. 注意形式主语It的三种句型的正确使用：of描述品质，for描述事情难度，that引导从句 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $