Unit 8 课时3 Section A（Grammar Focus）课件-八年级英语下册【趣味课堂】精品课件（新人教版）

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时（含since/for用法）及army、soldier等新词汇，课堂导入通过“Look and say”对话（如动物收容所志愿经历）引出since/for区别，经问题分析、语法导图构建从具体到抽象的学习支架，衔接前后知识。 其亮点在于语法可视化（知识导图呈现for/since用法及时态区别）、多样练习（填空/改错/小组采访）及分层作业，结合语言能力（短文填空与采访对话提升表达）、文化意识（志愿者活动培养社会责任感）、思维品质（延续性动词辨析锻炼分析能力），学生能提升语言运用与思维能力，教师可高效落实语法与情感目标。

Unit 8 Making a Difference Present perfect tense (since, for) 第3课时 (Grammar Focus) Lesson Objectives: In this lesson, we will be able to: 1. Master the use of present perfect tense with for, since. Learn and use new words: army, soldier, primary, help out, charity, warmly. 2. Complete conversations and passages with correct verb forms and time markers. Interview classmates using present perfect sentences and distinguish it from simple past. 3. Develop pride in helping others and cultural interest in Chinese literary classics. Learn to value small acts of kindness and teamwork. 目 录 CONTENTS 01 Lead in 02 Grammar 03 Practice 04 Exercise 05 Homework Lead in Look and say Have you ever worked at an animal shelter? Yes, I have. I have looked after stray cats ________ (for/since) one year. for Lead in Look and say How long have you been a volunteer in the nursing home? I’ve visited the elderly ________ (for/since) last winter. since How are since and for used differently? Let's go back to the sentences in 4a and observe them carefully. Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? 4a Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. for + 时间段 since + 时间点 since + 从句 语法知识导图 现在完成时（2） 一、含since或for的 现在完成时 现在完成时（2） 延续性动词与非延续性动词 ① for + 时间段 三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 二、现在完成时中 的谓语动词 ② since + 时间点或从句 ③ since + 时间段 + ago 一、含since或for的现在完成时 Grammar 某些动词的现在完成时可表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for＋时间段”“since＋过去的时间点或从句”或“since＋时间段＋ago”连用。 for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。 e.g. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. since后面接时间点，强调动作或状态的开始时间。 e.g. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. 如何区分时间段和时间点呢？ 时间点： 时间上的一个 “坐标、起点、瞬间” （某一刻、某一天、某件事） 时间段 ： 一段 “长度、跨度” （多久、几分钟/几小时 / 几天 / 几年） 一、含since或for的现在完成时 Grammar 一、练习：用“时间点”或“时间段”填空。 1. 过去年月 / 日期：last August、2024、March 1st __________ 2. 假期、季节：summer holidays、last winter __________ 3. 人生节点、事件：I was 10、he started school、the match began ________ 4. …ago（多久以前这个起点）：three years ago __________ 5. 数字 + 时间单位：a long time、a few months、two weeks __________ 时间点 时间点 时间点 时间点 时间段 二、练习：用“since”或“for”填空。 1. I have lived here ________ 5 years. 2. I have lived here ________ 2021. 3. He has helped soldiers ________ a long time. 4. She has taught kids ________ summer started. for since for since 一、含since或for的现在完成时 Grammar 含since和含for的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。 for + 时间段 for：持续.....时间 since + 时间点 since：自从...... I have lived here for 15 years. 我已经在这里住了15年了。 now 15 years 15 years ago 2011 I was born I have lived here since 15 years ago. ...since 2011. ...since I was born. ...ago 过去一个时间点 一般过去时的句子 特别强调：since 从句要用一般过去时！！！ 挑战一：用for或since填空。 1. His uncle has been away from home _________ three months ago. 2. I have known him _________ five years. 3. David hasn't seen his mom _________ he went to study in New York. 4. (2025泰安中考改编）Jenny is very interested in traditional Chinese culture, and she has learned it _________ she came to China 5 years ago. 5. She has stuck to practising the piano _________ three years, and she can play very well now. since for since since for Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. 观察句中动词，你能发现什么？ 这些动词均为延续性动词。 二、现在完成时中的谓语动词 Grammar 在含有现在完成时的肯定句中，与表示持续性时间的状语连用的 动词一般为延续性动词，但在否定句中，可以用非延续性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或 产生持久影响，如have, live, teach, learn, work, study, know, walk等。 非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止，如come, go, leave, start/begin, die, finish, become, join, buy, get married, borrow等。 二、现在完成时中的谓语动词 Grammar 规则总结： 延续性动词 = 可以“持续” → 直接接 for / since 非延续性动词 = 瞬间结束 → 不能接 for/since，需要换成延续性表达 练习：判断句子的正误。(√ / ×) 1. 自上周以来，我就没有再买任何食物了。 I haven't bought any food since last week. ( ) 2. 他加入共青团两年了。 He has joined the Communist Youth League for two years. ( ) 3. 这块手表我买了两年了。 I have bought this watch for two years. ( ) 4. 这位老人搬到印度已经两年了。 The old man has moved to India for two years. ( ) 否定句中可以用非延续性动词 join为瞬间动词，不能与for连用 buy为瞬间动词，不能与for连用 move为瞬间动词，不能与for连用 二、现在完成时中的谓语动词 Grammar 非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词（短语）的转换。 ①直接转换成对应的延续性动词（短语），如： become → be borrow → keep move → live in/be in get to know → know buy → have put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold e.g. 一个星期前他成了动物收容所的一名志愿者。 He became a volunteer at an animal shelter a week ago. He has been a volunteer at an animal shelter for a week. 改错：这块手表我买了两年了。 I have bought this watch for two years. ____________ have had 二、现在完成时中的谓语动词 Grammar 非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词（短语）的转换。 ②转换成“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等”，如： get up → be up fall asleep → be asleep make friends → be friends finish/end/stop → be over leave → be away (from) come back → be back open → be open close → be closed lose → be lost die → be dead join → be a member of / be in begin/start → be on come/go/arrive → be in/at turn on/off → be on/off marry/get married → be married fall ill → be ill 二、现在完成时中的谓语动词 Grammar 非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词（短语）的转换。 e.g. 林先生到澳大利亚已经十天了。 Mr Lin arrived in Australia ten days ago. Mr Lin has been in Australia for ten days. 改错： 1. 他加入共青团两年了。 He has joined the Communist Youth League for two years. ___________ 2. 这位老人搬到印度已经两年了。 The old man has moved to India for two years. ____________ has been in /has been a member of has been in /has lived in Grammar 三、现在完成时和一般现在时的区别   现在完成时 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是现在的情况；不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He has lived here since 2008． 自2008年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）   一般过去时 只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He lived here in 2012. 2012年他住在这里。 (不涉及他现在是否还住在这里) 挑战二：用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Miss Lee ______________ (teach) us English since she came here three years ago. 2. I ______________ (be) a volunteer since 2021. 3. —Have you ever ______________ (be) to the nursing home? —Yes. I ______________ (go) there last weekend. 4. Tina and Helen ______________ (know) each other since 2020. has taught have been been went have known 挑战三：单项选择。 1. (2025 龙东中考) —How long has she ______ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A. buy B. had C. bought 2. —Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the class ______ for 10 minutes. A. is on B. begins C. has been on D. has begun 3. Chengdu is a beautiful city and Tom ______ there three times since he came to China. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been 4. —Have you two ______ each other before, Ken? —Of course. Tim and I ______ friends since 4 years ago. A. meet; become B. met; become C. meet; have been D. met; have been B C D D 挑战四：按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1. (2025白银中考）Peter bought this bike 3 years ago.（同义句转换） Peter ________ ________ this bike for 3 years. 2. John has been to Beijing with his friends.（改为一般疑问句） ________ John ________ to Beijing with his friends? 3. Alex borrowed my camera two days ago.（改为同义句） Alex ________ ________ my camera for two days. 4. My uncle has lived in this village since he was born.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ your uncle lived in this village? has had Has been has kept How long has Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 4b 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She _____________ (teach) English to the soldiers ___________ three years. 2. I ___________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ___________ I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ______ two years now. _________ he started working there, he ___________ (help) many students. 4. The organization _____________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers ________ it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since for Since has helped has trained since Language points 教材 P75 4b 1. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer for two years now. 作为志愿者，吴先生现在已经在一所小学任教两年了。 primary adj.小学教育的；首要的 （1）小学教育的 用于名词前作定语。 primary school 小学 primary teacher 小学老师 primary education 小学教育 e.g. For middle and primary school students, learning to cook has become a must. 对于中小学生来说，学习烹饪已经成为必须要做的事。（达州中考） My little sister is in primary education. 我的妹妹正在读小学。 （2）主要的；最重要的；基本的 e.g. Personal safety is of primary importance. 人身安全至关重要。 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4c I love being a volunteer! I ____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I _____________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I __________ (make) many new friends and I _______ even _________ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _________ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium __________ (be) so big that they __________ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they __________ (smile) and __________ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. have worked have helped have made have met met was got smiled thanked help out 分担工作;帮忙做 get lost 迷路 be proud to do sth 为做……感到骄傲/自豪 Language points 教材 P75 4c 2. Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events. 自我开始工作以来，我已经协助了十多场不同的体育赛事。 help out 分担工作；帮忙做 为“动词＋副词”型短语, 人称代词作其宾语时, 应放在help与out之间。 e.g. Lots of students help out with housework after school. 许多学生放学后帮忙做家务。 For over 50 years, Terry has always remembered how the stranger bravely helped them out without thinking twice. 50多年来，特里一直记得这位陌生人是如何毫不犹豫地勇敢帮助他们的。（2025甘肃中考） 练习：He _______ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake (地震) area _______. A. gave out; to give them up B. gave away; help out them C. gave out; give them up D. gave away; to help them out D give out分发; give away捐赠; give up放弃; help out帮助摆脱困境。 Language points 教材 P75 4c 3. I gave them directions and they smiled and thanked me warmly. 我为他们指了路，他们微笑并热情地感谢了我。 warmly adv. 热情地；温暖地 由“warm (adj.温暖的）+ -ly（副词后缀）”构成。 e.g. The villagers welcomed us warmly. 村民们热情地迎接我们。 Make sure that the children are dressed warmly. 一定要让孩子们穿得暖和。 练习：She smiled __________ (warm) at me when I walked into the room. warmly Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. 4d How long have you known your best friend/...? had your favourite toy/...? lived in your neighbourhood/...? Pair work How long have you known your best friend? I have known my best friend ______ five years. How long have you had your favourite toy? I have had it ________ I was 6 years old. How long have you lived in your neighbourhood? I have lived here _______ 2023. for since since Exercises 1. Many students volunteered to raise money for different c___________ during the holidays. 2. The n__________ flag is flying in the wind on the top of the building. 3. We should pay __________ /ˈpraɪməri/ attention to our study at this stage. 4. My uncle is a soldier and he ___________ /sɜːvz/ for the country. He is very proud of his job. I. 请根据所给的首字母或音标写出单词。 harities ational primary serves Exercises II. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Products made in China _____________ (be) popular at home and abroad over the past few years. 2. Throughout history, many great _____________ (army) have fought in numerous battles. 3. The host greeted the guests ____________ (warm) at the door. 4. Since he fell off the bike, John __________ (lie) in bed for nearly a week. 5. —May I speak to Nick? —Sorry, he __________ (go) to Paris and will be back in two days. have been armies warmly has lain has gone Exercises III. 根据汉语提示完成句子（每空一词）。 1. DeepSeek的成功展示了中国在人工智能制造方面已经取得了巨大的进步。 The success of DeepSeek shows that China ______ _______ great progress in making AI. 2. 自2004年以来，她就一直在马兰村教授音乐。 She ________ ________ music in Malan Village since 2004. 3. 自从去年加入体育俱乐部以来，我坚持做运动。 I ______ ______ ______ ______ since I joined the sports club last year. 4. 当地社区组织志愿者去救助受洪水影响的家庭。 The local community organized volunteers to ________ ________ the families affected by the flood. has made /achieved has taught have kept doing sports help out We learn: 1. New words & phrases: army, soldier, primary, help out, charity, warmly, volunteer, shelter 2. Grammar: Present Perfect Tense + for / since; distinguish for + time length & since + past time point; difference between Present Perfect and Simple Past. 3. Sentence patterns: How long have you done...? I have done sth. for/since...; Have you ever done volunteer work? We can: 1. Use present perfect tense with for/since to write passages and finish fill-in exercises about volunteer experiences. 2. Interview partners and create complete dialogues about life & volunteer activities. 3. Tell apart Present Perfect and Simple Past. Summary Homework 1. 基础层：将新单词各抄写3遍，并为每个单词造一个带有“for” 或“since”的句子。 2. 提高层：写一篇60词左右的短文，描述你理想的志愿者工作， 文中至少使用两次“for”和“since”。 3. 拓展层：根据不同志愿者地点，创编6组新的采访对话（仿照 4d部分的结构）。 Thank you! $