Unit 8 Section A Grammar Focus (4a-4d)课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时中for与since的用法及延续性动词转换，通过对话问答导入核心问题，结合时间点与时间段示例、填空练习搭建学习支架，帮助学生从理解用法到实际应用逐步过渡。 其亮点在于通过对比辨析（如die→be dead）和情境实践（Interview环节），培养语言能力与思维品质。例如判断正误练习引导学生分析错误原因，提升问题解决能力，学生能在互动中巩固知识，教师可借助多样练习提高教学效率。

Section A Grammar focus 、 Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven't. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? Read and say 现在完成时还可以表示动作或状态从_____某时开始，一直____至今，还 可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。可以和表示“从过去某一 时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for+________”、“since+ __________”、“since+_____________”、“since+一段时间+_____”。 过去 时间段 过去时间点 过去时的从句 ago 延续 Presentation Look and learn 现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与_____, ______引导的时间短语或从向连用。 for since moved here in 2022 I still live here now I have lived here for ___________. I have lived here since ______. I have lived here since _____________. four years 2022 I moved here for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 I have lived here since _________________. four years ago 、 • 时间点指的是具体的 时间，比如1点、4月 7日、2018年5月； • 时间段指的是一段时 间内，比如说一点到 三点，中间这两个小 时就是一段时间。 5:30 five years three minutes 2015 May 5 two months 时间点 时间点 时间段 时间点 时间段 时间段 如何区分时间点和时间段呢？ 、 1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years. 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month. 3. Tom has worked in the factory _______ he left school ten years ago. 4. My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. 5. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _______2 years. 6. Tom has worn glasses _________ two years ago. for since for since since since 用since或for填空。 Practice 、 -- How long have you studied at Xunwu Experimental Middle School? since I was 14. since 2025. -- I have studied at this school since 1 year ago. for 1 year. 2025 1 year 2026 用since或for回答。 Practice 、 在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用__________。 1. How long have you played football? 2. How long have you been like this? 3. How long have you had the dog? 你踢足球踢了多长时间了？ 你这个样子有多久了？ 这条狗你养了多久了？ how long 观察句中动词，你能发现什么？ 这些动词都是延续性动词。 、  延续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作或表示 状态的词，如work，stay，live，learn、have、teach、study、know等。  瞬间性动词表示短暂的动作，从开始到结束， 几乎同时或在极短的时间里就完成，如come，go， leave，start，begin，become，receive，die、join、buy等。 延续性与瞬间性动词的定义 Presentation Look and say 他已经死了。 He has already died . 他已经死了5年了。 He has died for 5 years . 瞬间动词 die be dead He has been dead for 5 years . for ＋一段时间 He has been dead since 5 years ago . since ＋时间点 延续性动词 与how long, for 或者 since搭配使用在现在 完成时中的动词， 动词必须为延续性动词 He died 5 years ago . 延续性与瞬间性动词 、 ① 用相应的延续性动词替换句中的瞬间性动词，如： 瞬间性动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。 延续性动词与瞬间性动词的转换 borrow → keep buy → have become/come/go → be put on → wear She has already bought the bike. She has had the bike for 2 years . 她已经买了这辆自行车。 这辆自行车她已经买了两年了。 、 ② 将瞬间性动词转换为be+ 介词短语，如： ③ 将瞬间性动词转换为be+名词，如： go to school → be in school join → be in+组织机构/be a member of+ 组织机构 join the army → be a soldier go to school → be a student She has already joined the Party . She has been a Party member for 5 years . 她已经入党了。 她已经入党5年了。 、 ④ 用be+ adj./adv. 结构替换瞬间性动词，如： close/ open → be closed/open begin/ start → be on leave → be away from fall asleep → be asleep finish/ end → be over marry → be married die → be dead The movie has already begun. The movie has been on for half an hour. 电影已经开始了。 电影已经开始半个小时了。 、 D. His grandpa has died for 8 years. His grandpa has been dead for 8 years. A. I have bought the book for a week. I have had the book for a week. B. How long has Mary left? How long has Mary been away? C. She has borrowed the book since Friday. She has kept the book since Friday. 判断下列句子正误。 Practice 、 Li Lei joined the Party three years ago.(同义句) Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party ______ three years. Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party _____ three years ago. 2. My father left Guizhou last week.(同义句) My father ___ ____ _____ ____Guizhou ______a week. My father ___ _____ ____ ____Guizhou ____ last week. 3. The factory opened in1996.(同义句) The factory ____ ____ ____ _____ten years. The factory ____ _____ _____ since 1996. has been in for has been in since has been away from for has been away from since has been open for has been open 完成句子。 Practice 、 Look at these two sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong? 1 I haven't heard from him for a year. 2 I haven't heard from him since March. 在现在完成时否定句中，因为非延续性动词的“非延续性” 被否定，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某个动作一直没发生。 Presentation 4b Read and fill Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She ____________ (teach) English to the soldiers ______ three years. 2. I ____________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. ______ he started working there, he ___________ (help) many students. 4. The organization _________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers _________ it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since for Since has helped has trained since Presentation 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. I love being a volunteer! I _____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I _________ (make) many new friends and I even (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _________ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium ______ (be) so big that they ______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they __________ (smile) and _________ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. have worked have helped met was got smiled thanked 如此...以至于 做什么事情 感到骄傲 have met 分担工作；帮忙做 have made Read and fill 、 How long have you • known your best friend / that girl / …? • had your favourite toy / bag / …? • lived in this town / your neighbourhood / …? Share the answers with the class. Hello everyone. I'm ______. I have been a volunteer at ______ for / since ______. I help to ______. I have learned that ______. I feel ______. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Interview and share Presentation A:How long have you known your best friend? B:I have known her for nearly four years. We became classmates in Grade Seven. A:How long have you had your favourite toy? B:I have had it since I was nine years old. It is a gift from my parents. A:How long have you lived in your neighbourhood? B:I have lived here since six years ago. I enjoy living here very much. Sample Presentation Class test 一、单选题 1. I ______ to London already. I went there last month. A. have been B. will go C. have gone D. was going 2. The plane ______ safely, so none of us feels uneasy any more. A. landed B. will land C. lands D. has landed 3. How many travelers ______ to Shanghai Disneyland since it opened to public? A. have gone B. went C. have been D. will go 4. —Where's Mr. Yang? —He ______ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He ______ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery. A. has gone to; has been B. have gone; have gone C. has been to; has gone D. has been to; has been to 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.I ________________（never be） to the beach before. I want to ____ （go） next month and see the beautiful sand and sea. 2.They _________________（never own） any pets since they got married， but they ____________（always want） to have a dog. have never been have never owned always want 3.We _________（have） a piano since last November. We _______（buy） it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. have had bought 4.Cathy and Amy ____________（not be） back to their hometown for two years. They _____（miss） their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year. haven’t been miss 5.This museum _________（be） here for over 20 years. It ___（be） one of the oldest buildings in this small town. has been is go 三、阅读短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空 I love volunteering! I 1. __________ (be) a volunteer at an animal hospital since 2023. I 2. ____________ (work) there for about a year now. Since I 3._______ (start) volunteering, I 4. __________________ (learn) a lot about animals. I 5. __________ (make) many friends with other volunteers for months. The hospital 6. _________ (be) open since 2020. It 7. _________ (help) over 1,000 animals since it opened. I 8. _________ (keep) a cat for two years, so I know how to look after animals. I 9. ____________ (not be) late for volunteer work since I started. I 10. ____________ (stay) here for two more hours today. have been have worked started have learned/learnt have made have been has helped have kept haven’t been have stayed $