Unit7 Charities Grammar 知识点清单2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语Unit 7 Charities语法知识点清单，以主动语态与被动语态使用场景区分为起点，系统梳理一般现在时（am/is/are+过去分词）和一般过去时（was/were+过去分词）被动语态结构，进而掌握by引出动作执行者的用法，最终落实慈善话题语境下的被动语态写作运用，构建完整学习支架。 知识链路遵循“概念辨析—结构公式—情境练习—写作应用”逻辑，涵盖基础概念解析、必背结构公式、多类型习题（看图填空、短文填空、对话填空）、主动变被动转换步骤及慈善主题作文万能句型。通过易错汇总针对性解决学生高频问题，助力提升语言能力（语境表达）、思维品质（转换分析）和学习能力（策略优化），体现英语学科特色学习方法。

Unit 7 Charities ⭐Grammar知识点清单 本节课核心考点 1. 主动语态 vs 被动语态使用场景区分 2. 一般现在时被动语态：am /is/are + 过去分词 3. 一般过去时被动语态：was /were + 过去分词 4. by 引出动作执行者的用法 5. 慈善话题语境下被动语态写作运用 一、基础概念：主动语态 & 被动语态 1. 主动语态 主语是动作的发出者，强调 “谁做的” 例句：Volunteer doctors do operations. 志愿者医生做手术。 2. 被动语态 主语是动作的承受者，强调 “谁 / 某物被……” 三种使用场景（课本原文规则） 1. 动作执行者显而易见，无需点明； 2. 不知道、没必要说明动作是谁做的； 3. 想要突出承受动作的人 / 事物，而非执行者。 例句：Operations are done by volunteer doctors. 手术由志愿医生完成。 Work out the rule 填空答案 1. past participle（过去分词） 2. past participle（过去分词） 二、两大被动语态结构（必背公式） 1. 一般现在时被动（表常态、每年 / 经常发生） 结构：am /is/are + 动词过去分词 · I am + done · You / We / They are + done · He / She / It is + done 加 by 引出执行者 sth. + am/is/are + done + by sb. 例：Many patients are helped by Orbis doctors. 2. 一般过去时被动（表过去某时发生） 结构：was /were + 动词过去分词 · I / He / She / It was + done · You / We / They were + done 例：The boy was cured by Orbis doctors last month. 三、A 看图填空标准答案 What they do every year（一般现在时被动） 1. are planned to help the poor 2. are handed out to people in the street by volunteers 3. are sold to raise money What they did last week（一般过去时被动） 4. were sent to children in need by the Class 1, Grade 8 students 5. were collected for children in disaster areas 6. was held in the school hall 四、B 短文填空标准答案（国际慈善语境） 1. is raised by different charities 2. is used 3. was founded 4. are improved 5. were helped through 6. are trained by the charity 7. are created 五、C 对话填空答案（Oxfam 慈善） 1. is done by 2. was founded 3. are provided 4. are fed 5. was written by 6. are helped through 7. are carried out with 8. is done by 六、主动变被动转换步骤（解题万能步骤） 1. 把主动句宾语提前，作被动句主语； 2. 根据新主语人称、时态，搭配 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）； 3. 动词改为过去分词； 4. 需要点明执行者时，末尾加 by + 动作发出者。 转换例题 Active: Volunteers raise money. Passive: Money is raised by volunteers. Active: Students held a charity show last week. Passive: A charity show was held by students last week. 七、慈善主题作文万能被动句型（书面表达高频） 一般现在时被动（介绍慈善常态） 1. Lots of leaflets are handed out every year to tell people about charities. 每年都会发放传单向大众宣传慈善机构。 2. Free eye operations are provided for poor people by Orbis. 奥比斯为贫困人群提供免费眼科手术。 一般过去时被动（描述过往志愿活动） 1. A charity sale was held in our school last Saturday. 上周六我校举办了一场慈善义卖。 2. Many warm clothes were collected and sent to children in mountain areas. 大量保暖衣物被收集并送往山区儿童手中。 八、学生高频易错汇总 1. be 动词单复数、时态混淆（最高频错题） ❌ Toys is sold. ✅ Toys are sold. ❌ The show were held last week. ✅ The show was held last week. 2. 忘记动词变过去分词 ❌ Money is raise. ✅ Money is raised. 3. by 的使用：只有需要突出执行者时才加，无需时省略 4. 不及物动词无被动：happen /appear/arrive 不能用于被动语态 5. found 变形：创立 → founded（过去式 / 分词）；find 找到 → found（易混淆拼写） 6. 被动语态否定：be + not + 过去分词 Children are not given enough medical care. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $