内容正文:
期末复习考点串讲
Units 12
北师大版·英语·选择性必修第四册
01
考情透视·目标导航
目 录
语法串讲·融会贯通
知识梳理·夯实基础
考场练兵·实战训练
02
03
04
(形容词)
(单词、短语、句型积累)
课标要求
考情分析
第一部分
考情透视·目标导航
考情透视·目标导航
课标要求
掌握常见形容词的用法。
能够了解中外著名科学家的创新发现,介绍中国的四大发明及其意义。
了解中外科学家的创新发现,评价其历史意义,树立创新意识,在生活和学习中应用科技。
01
语言能力
02
文化意识
03
思维品质
04
学习能力
掌握在阅读中根据上下文猜测词义的策略;巩固合成词的相关知识;能运用构词法知识推测词义;能够运用寻读的技巧快速找到阅读文本中的相关信息。
考情透视·目标导航
考情分析
考情分析
语法与词汇 1. 形容词的基本用法。
2.学习和掌握有关创新与发明的词汇与句式。
阅读理解 1. 阅读创新与发明的介绍,了解其表达方式,掌握语篇的语言特征和架构特点,能分析阅读语篇的文本结构。
2. 了解科技说明文及议论文应包含的基本要素和语言特征。
写作与表达 1. 能够了解科技说明文的写作方法和表达方法。
2. 能够介绍中国的发明和创新,介绍生活中应用科技的故事。
单词、短语、句型
第二部分
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、核心词汇
1.resolutely adv. 坚决地,坚定地
2.gallery n. 美术馆,画廊
3.grocery n. 食品杂货;超级市场
4.bakery n. 面包烘房,糕饼店
5.cafeteria n. (工厂、学校等的)自
6.canteen n. (工厂、学校等的)食
7.document n. 公文, v. 记录,记载
8.forum n. (互联网上的)论
9.intervention n. 干涉,干预
坚决地,坚定地
美术馆,画廊
食品杂货;超级市场
面包烘房,糕饼店
自助餐厅,食堂
食堂,餐厅
公文
记录,记载
论坛,讨论区
干涉,干预
Unit 12 Innovation
10.friction n. 不和,冲突,摩擦
11.network n. 人际关系网,联络
12.sociologist n. 社会学家
13.bimonthly adj. 两月一次的;一月两次的
14.closelyknit adj. 紧密联结在一起的
15.outskirts n. 市郊,郊区,
16.gable n. 山墙,三角墙
17.tearstained adj. 有泪痕的
18.orphan n. 孤儿
19.faucet n. 水龙头
20.pillow n. 枕头
不和,冲突,摩擦
人际关系网;网络
社会学家
两月一次的;一月两次的
紧密联结在一起的
市郊,郊区
山墙,三角墙
有泪痕的
孤儿
水龙头
枕头
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、核心词汇
1.vitamin n. 维生素
2.microscope n. 显微镜
3.correspond vi. 通信
4.satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
5.orbit n. 轨道 vi. & vt. 沿轨道运行
6.particle n. 粒子,质点
7.premier adj. 最好的;最重要的
8.subsequently adv. 后来,随后
9.relativity n. 相对性
维生素
显微镜
通信
人造卫星;卫星
轨道
沿轨道运行
粒子,质点
最好的;最重要的
后来,随后
相对性
10.biologist n. 生物学家
11.mould n. 霉,霉菌
12.penicillin n. 青霉素,盘尼西林
13.navy n. 海军
14.missile n. 导弹,飞弹
15.physicist n. 物理学家
16.tube n. 圆管,管子;电
17.circuit n. 电路,线路;环形道路
18.cosmology n. 宇宙论,宇宙学
19.kettle n. 水壶,壶
20.revolution n. 彻底变革,革命
生物学家
霉,霉菌
青霉素,盘尼西林
海军
导弹,飞弹
物理学家
圆管;显像管
电路,线路;环形道路
宇宙论,宇宙学
水壶,壶
彻底变革,革命
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、核心词汇
1.steam n. 水蒸气;蒸汽动力
2.garbage n. 垃圾
3.device n. 设备,装置;修辞手段
4.instant adj. 立刻的,马上的
5.launch vt. 发射;发动,发起,开始从事
6.split vi. & vt. 分割;分成(不同部分)
7.outspoken adj. 坦率的,直言不讳的
8.constant adj. 恒久不变的 n. 常量,恒量
9.perceive vt. 察觉,注意到,发觉
steam
garbage
device
instant
launch
split
outspoken
constant
perceive
10.million num. 百万
11.humble adj. 谦虚的,谦卑的
12.outcome n. 结果,后果
13.emerge vi. 出现,浮现
14.overcome vt. 克服(困难),控制(感情);征服
15.grand adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的
16.decline vi. 减少,降低
17.bonus n. 额外的好处;资金;红利
18.gravity n. 重力,引力
million
humble
outcome
emerge
overcome
grand
decline
bonus
gravity
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、核心词汇
1.entertainment n. 娱乐活动,娱乐节目→entertain v. 招待;使快乐;娱乐→entertaining adj. 有趣的
2.gifted adj. 有天赋的,有才华的→gift n. 天赋,天才,才能;礼物
3.productive adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的→produce v. 生产 n. 农产品→production n. 生产;产量
4.scientific adj. 科学(上)的→scientifically adv. 科学地→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家
5.donate vi. & vt. 捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献→donation n. 捐赠,捐献→donor n. 捐赠者
entertainment
entertain
entertaining
gifted
gift
productive
produce
production
scientific
scientifically
science
scientist
donate
donation
donor
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
6.accuracy n. 准确性;精准度;正确,准确→accurate adj. 正确的,准确的
→accurately adv. 正确地,准确地
7.joint adj. 联合的,共同的,共有的→join v. 参加;加入
8.efficiently adv. 有效率地,高效能地→efficient adj. 高效的→efficiency n. 效率
9.propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等)→proposal n. 提议;建议;求婚
10.clueless adj. 一无所知的,一窍不通的→clue n. 线索;情节
11.evaluation n. 评价,评估→evaluate v. 评价,评估
12.mass n. 大量,大宗 adj. 大量的→massive adj. 巨大的;大而重的
13.sailor n. 水手,海员→sail v. 航行,起航→sailing n. 帆船运动;航行
14.theoretical adj. 理论的→theory n. 理论;学说
accuracy
accurate
accurately
joint
join
efficiently
efficient
efficiency
propose
proposal
clueless
clue
evaluation
evaluate
mass
massive
sailor
sail
sailing
theoretical
theory
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
15.improvement n. 改善,改进;改进之处→improve v. 改善;提高
16.availability n. 可能性→available adj. 可利用的;可得到的
17.explode vi.& vt. (使)爆炸;急剧增长→explosion n. 爆炸
→explosive adj. (易)爆炸的
18.regulate vt. 控制,管理→regulation n. 规则;规章;管理
19.illustrate vt. 说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等) 加插图→illustration n. 说明,阐明
20.electric adj. 用电的,带电的,电动的→electrical adj. 电的,与电有关的
→electronic adj. 电子的→electricity n. 电;电能
improvement
improve
availability
available
explode
explosion
explosive
regulate
regulation
illustrate
illustration
electric
electrical
electronic
electricity
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
二、重点词组
1._________________________ 挑选出
2._________________________ 更不用说
3._________________________ 从……到……不等
4._________________________ 弄懂;弄清楚
5._________________________ 应付,处理
6._________________________ 有某事要处理
7._________________________ 想出;赶上
8._________________________ 随着……的发展
9._________________________ 在共同努力下
10._________________________ 熄灭
11._________________________ 致力于
12._________________________ 预计会做某事
13._________________________ 考虑;回想
14._________________________ 集合,聚集
15._________________________ 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
single out
not to mention
range from…to…
figure out
deal with
have sth.on one's hands
come up with
with the development of
in a joint effort
go out
be dedicated to
be expected to do sth.
reflect on
put together
in spite of
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
二、重点词组
1.look for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles 寻找提高导弹精度的方
2.nothing like our computers today 与今天的计算机完全不同
3.with the development of computers 随着计算机的发展
4.by the end of the 1960s 到20世纪60年代末
5.in the chain of common interests 在共同利益链上
6. a completely different place 一个完全不同的地方
7.one of the world's most influential scientists 世界上最有影响力的科学家之一
8.in the early stages of his career 在他事业的早期阶段
9.develop a number of new ideas about black holes 对黑洞有了许多新的想法
10.completely separate from our own 与我们的世界完全分隔
与今天的计算机完全不同
随着计算机的发展
到20世纪60年代末
寻找提高导弹精度的方法
在共同利益链上
一个完全不同的地方
世界上最有影响力的科学家之一
在他事业的早期阶段
对黑洞有了许多新的想法
与我们的世界完全分隔
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
三 、重点句型
1.句式:as 引导时间状语从句(当…… 的时候)
【教材】..._______________, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.(当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
2.句式:not...until 的强调句型(It wasn’t until...that...)
【教材】____________________________a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building.(…… 但直到 1857 年,一个名叫伊莱沙・奥的斯的人才设计并制造出利用液压系统在建筑楼层间运送人员的机器。)
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
As the water boiled
but it wasn’t until 1857 that
三 、重点句型
3. 句式:next time 引导时间状语从句(下次……)
【教材】_________you rely on any of these inventions, be grateful and think about the science and imagination that have gone into them and how much they have changed our everyday life.(下次当你依赖其中任何一个发明时,要心存感激,想想它们所含有的科学和想象力,以及它们对我们的日常生活有多大的改变。)
4.句式:强调句(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...)
【教材】_______Fleming’s curiosity and imagination that led to the discovery of penicillin.(正是弗莱明的好奇心和想象力促成了青霉素的发现。)
5. 现在分词作结果状语(主句,doing...)
【教材】:He improved the design,____________________________.(他改进了设计,使机器效率更高。)
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
Next time
It was
making the machine more efficient
三 、重点句型
1.句式:as 引导时间状语从句(当…… 的时候)
【教材】... As the water boiled, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.(当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
2.句式:not...until 的强调句型(It wasn’t until...that...)
【教材】but it wasn’t until 1857 that a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building.(…… 但直到 1857 年,一个名叫伊莱沙・奥的斯的人才设计并制造出利用液压系统在建筑楼层间运送人员的机器。)
3. 句式:next time 引导时间状语从句(下次……)
【教材】Next time you rely on any of these inventions, be grateful and think about the science and imagination that have gone into them and how much they have changed our everyday life.(下次当你依赖其中任何一个发明时,要心存感激,想想它们所含有的科学和想象力,以及它们对我们的日常生活有多大的改变。)
4.句式:强调句(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...)
【教材】It was Fleming’s curiosity and imagination that led to the discovery of penicillin.(正是弗莱明的好奇心和想象力促成了青霉素的发现。)
5. 现在分词作结果状语(主句,doing...)
【教材】:He improved the design, making the machine more efficient.(他改进了设计,使机器效率更高。)
Unit 12 Innovation
知识梳理·夯实基础
语法串讲
即时检测
第三部分
语法串讲·融会贯通
语法串讲·融会贯通
Adjectives 形容词
形容词修饰名词或代词,提供更多的信息。
1 There are two classes of adjectives:形容词有两类:性质形容词和类别形容词:
qualitative: e.g. blue, cheerful, short, hot ...
classifying: e.g. Chinese, Italian, oval, female
性质形容词总是置于类别形容词前。
用以下方法确定某个形容词是性质形容词还是类别形容词:
性质形容词有比较级和最高级,如hotter, hottest,而类别形容词没有这种变化。
性质形容词可以用extremely, very等词修饰,而类别形容词不能用这些词修饰。
语法串讲·融会贯通
[观察例句]
1.If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands.
2.the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
3. Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20thcentury.
4.In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.
5. …whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
语法串讲·融会贯通
归纳用法
1. 形容词的一般排序规则:
Order of adjectives Examples
Quantity or number 数量或数字 sixteen, two, twenty-five, one hundred and ten
Quality or opinion性质或个人感觉 attractive, amazing, striking, beautiful, handsome, brilliant, delicious
Size大小 enormous, tiny, tall, short
Age年龄 nineteen-year-old, twenty-year-old
Shape形状 round, oval
Colour 颜色 red, blue, violet, magenta
Proper adjective (nationality or place of origin)来源(国籍或发源地) French, Chinese, Italian, British, American
Material 材料 platinum, diamond
语法串讲·融会贯通
The attractive young girl wore a beautiful blue dress.
The tiny silver balls looked attractive on the birthday cake.
The short elderly lady walked proudly into the room.
The handsome Italian man was wearing expensive clothes.
2.副词可以修饰形容词:
We both came to completely different conclusions.
That terribly depressed clown was named Grock.
The painting was incredibly beautiful.
The truly happy bride and groom went on honeymoon.
The twins had very different characteristics.
3.合成形容词是由两个或多个形容词或名词通过连字符连接构成的新词。
The man-eating lion was tracked down.
He read the three-hundred-page book.
She is a world-renowned author.
The thirty-one-year-old lady celebrated her birthday.
语法串讲
即时检测
第四部分
考场练兵·实战训练
考场练兵·实战训练
一、单句语法填空
1.Many new inventions________(introduce)to daily life in the past five years.
2.The little boy is curious about everything and shows great________(create).
3.It is worth________(explore)new ideas to solve traditional problems.
4.The project________(design)to help the elderly has won high praise.
5.Without innovation,it is hard for a company________(compete)in the market.
6.If we________(not adopt)new technology,we would fall behind others.
7.The new app allows users________(finish)tasks more efficiently.
8.What he wants to do is________(bring)convenience to ordinary people.
9.She is considered one of the________(bright)young inventors in her school.
10.Only by learning constantly________we keep up with the times.
1.have been introduced
2.Creativity
3.Exploring
4.designed
5.to compete
6.didn’t adopt/did not adopt
7.to finish
8.to bring
9.brightest
10.can
二、单词拼写
11.The government encourages________(创新)to drive social development.
12.His new________(发明)has greatly improved working efficiency.
13.We must________(采用)new methods to solve the difficult problem.
14.The________(设备)is powered by green energy.
15.She has a strong desire to________(创造)something useful.
16.The new plan will________(使可能)us to finish work earlier.
17.We need________(技术的)support to complete the project.
18.The idea is________(实用的)and easy to carry out.
19.They are doing________(研究)on AI and education.
20.His speech is so________(有启发性的)that all students are inspired.
innovation
invention
adopt
equipment
create
technical
practical
somewhat
考场练兵·实战训练
enable
inspiring
三、完成句子
1.句式:as 引导时间状语从句(当…… 的时候)
【教材】... ______________, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.(当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
2.句式:not...until 的强调句型(It wasn’t until...that...)
【教材___________________________________a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building.(…… 但直到 1857 年,一个名叫伊莱沙・奥的斯的人才设计并制造出利用液压系统在建筑楼层间运送人员的机器。)
3. 句式:next time 引导时间状语从句(下次……)
【教材】___________________any of these inventions, be grateful and think about the science and imagination that have gone into them and how much they have changed our everyday life.(下次当你依赖其中任何一个发明时,要心存感激,想想它们所含有的科学和想象力,以及它们对我们的日常生活有多大的改变。)
考场练兵·实战训练
but it wasn’t until 1857 that
Next time you rely on
As the water boiled,
三、完成句子
4.句式:强调句(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...)
【教材】It was Fleming’s curiosity and imagination _______led to the discovery of penicillin.(正是弗莱明的好奇心和想象力促成了青霉素的发现。)
5. 现在分词作结果状语(主句,doing...)
【教材】:He improved the design, _____________________________.(他改进了设计,使机器效率更高。)
考场练兵·实战训练
making the machine more effecient
that
考场练兵·实战训练
四、语法填空
1.Edison invented a ________ (practice) and safe light bulb, which greatly improved people’s life.
2. Compared with oil lamps, the electric light is much ________ (bright) and ________ (safe).
3. He was one of the ________ (creative) inventors in the 19th century.
4. It is ________ (meaning) for us to learn the spirit of great inventors.
5. Before the invention of trains, people’s travel was much ________ (slow) and ________ (convenient).
6. This new invention is ________ (valuable) than the old one and brings more benefits to society.
7. Watt’s improved steam engine was the ________ (important) invention in the Industrial Revolution.
8. Inventors always keep exploring new things and have a ________ (strong) will of innovation.
9. The new printing technology is ________ (simple) and more efficient than the traditional one.
10. Among all the great inventors, Tesla made one of the ________ (great) contributions to electric power development.
practical
brighter
safer
most creative
meaningful
slower
less convenient
more valuable
most important
stronge
simpler
greatest
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