内容正文:
《Unit 6 Living with nature》第 5 课时教案
科目
英语
授课教材
外研社版八年级下册
授课题目
Unit 6 Developing ideas: Reading for Writing (A River of Life - The Karez System)
课时/课型
第 5 课时 / 读写结合课
教材分析
本课语篇《A River of Life》介绍了中国新疆吐鲁番的古代水利工程——坎儿井(Karez System)。文章首先描述了吐鲁番极端炎热干燥的气候("Flaming Mountains", 80℃ sand),引出人类生存的挑战;接着详细解释了坎儿井的工作原理(竖井、地下暗渠、利用重力引水、减少蒸发);最后阐述了其历史价值及现代面临的挑战与保护。文本结构清晰(现象 - 原理 - 价值),运用了列数字、作比较等说明方法,是学生学习“介绍事物工作原理”类写作的绝佳范本。
学情分析
八年级学生已具备基本的阅读扫读和略读能力,但对于长难句(如包含定语从句或状语从句的句子)的理解可能存在障碍。在写作方面,学生往往缺乏逻辑连接词,难以条理清晰地描述一个复杂系统的运作过程。此外,学生对“坎儿井”这一特定文化概念可能较为陌生,需要借助可视化工具辅助理解。
教学目标
1. 语言能力:能掌握核心词汇(survive, climate, underground, canal, shortage, protect);能读懂关于坎儿井的说明文,提取关键信息;能运用序列词(First, Then, Finally)和因果句型描述事物工作原理。
2. 思维品质:能分析文本中的说明方法(数据、对比)及其作用;能通过绘制流程图理清工程运作逻辑;能辩证思考传统技术在现代社会的价值。
3. 文化意识:深刻体会中国古代劳动人民的智慧,增强民族自豪感,树立保护文化遗产的意识。
4. 学习能力:能通过图文转换(画图、填表)深化对文本的理解;能模仿范文结构进行迁移写作。
教学重难点
重点:理解坎儿井的构造与工作原理;掌握“Introduction (What/Where) - Body (How it works) - Ending (Importance)”的写作结构。
难点:在写作中准确、逻辑清晰地描述动态过程(水流路径);恰当使用本单元的目标语言(宾语从句、被动语态)增强表达效果。
教学过程
Step 1
Lead-in
(5 mins)
一、情境创设,引发认知冲突
(1)、 extreme 环境体验
展示吐鲁番“火焰山”图片及数据:
- "One of the hottest areas in the world."
- "Sand temperature: 80℃ in mid-summer."
- "Rainfall: only 16 mm a year."
提问:"If you were there, could you survive? How can people grow grapes and live here?"
引导学生猜测:Water? Where does it come from?
(2)、揭示谜底
展示坎儿井俯瞰图(一个个小土包排列成行)。
引出课题:"The secret lies in an ancient invention – the Karez System. Let's find out how it works."
二、层层阅读,解构文本内容
(1)、略读匹配(Skimming for Gist)
快速浏览全文,将段落大意与标题匹配:
Para 1: The terrible environment of Turpan.
Para 2 & 3: How the Karez system works.
Para 4: The future and protection.
(2)、扫读填表(Scanning for Details - Activity 3)
学生独立阅读,完成课本 Page 94 Activity 3 的表格,教师核对答案并讲解生词:
- About the area: hottest, terrible climate.
- How it works: >1,000 wells, underground canals. Water falls into the wells, stays cool.
- History: Built with hand tools, top three projects of ancient China.
- Future: Facing water shortage, need to protect.
(3)、精读绘图(Close Reading for Logic)
聚焦 Para 3,全班共同绘制“坎儿井工作原理示意图”。
教师在黑板画简图,学生口述流程,教师标注英文:
Mountains (Snow/Ice) → Wells (Vertical shafts) → Underground Canals (Horizontal tunnels) → Fields/Villages.
追问深层问题 (Activity 4):
Q1: Why mention "cook an egg on sand"? (To emphasize the extreme heat and the necessity of the system).
Q2: Why compare canals to "Yellow River"? (To highlight the massive scale and engineering difficulty).
Q3: Why keep water underground? (To avoid evaporation and keep it cool).
三、思维深化,探讨文化价值
(1)、小组讨论(Think and Share)
讨论问题:
1. "What fact do you find most interesting?" (e.g., built with only hand tools, 5000km long).
2. "With modern technology, is the Karez system still necessary?"
引导辩证思考:
- Yes: It's eco-friendly, cultural heritage, keeps water cool naturally.
- No/Challenge: Low efficiency compared to pumps, needs maintenance, water shortage.
结论:Modern tech helps, but traditional wisdom should be protected and combined with new methods.
四、以读促写,搭建输出支架
(1)、剖析范文结构
回顾课文,总结写作框架(板书):
- Opening: Introduce the topic (What? Where? When?).
*Sentence: "It is known as...", "It lies in..."*
- Body: Explain how it works (Amazing facts + Process).
*Sentence: "The secret lies in...", "First... Then...", "Thanks to..."*
- Ending: Importance & Future (Value + Protection).
*Sentence: "It plays an important role...", "We should protect..."*
(2)、微技能训练:描述过程
提供连接词库:First, Next, Then, After that, Finally, In this way.
练习:用这些词口头描述“太阳能热水器”或“梯田”的工作/存在方式。
(3)、实战写作(Activity: Write a passage)
任务:模仿课文,写一篇短文介绍一种“人类改变或利用自然”的工程/系统(如:Terraced Fields, Solar Park, Bee-keeping, or a local project)。
要求:
1. 结构完整(三段式)。
2. 包含至少 2 个具体数据或生动比喻。
3. 使用本单元词汇(survive, guide, protect, underground, climate 等)。
4. 字数:80-100 词。
学生当堂起草,教师巡视指导,重点关注逻辑连接词的使用。
Step 5
Evaluation
(5 mins)
五、多元评价,修改提升
(1)、同伴互评
同桌交换作文,依据清单检查:
- Is the structure clear? (Opening-Body-Ending)
- Is the process logical? (Use of linking words)
- Are there any spelling/grammar mistakes?
(2)、佳作展示
选取 1-2 篇典型习作投影展示,师生共同修改润色,重点点评如何把“工作原理”说清楚。
六、总结作业,拓展延伸
(1)、课堂小结
总结:Ancient wisdom helps us survive. Understanding how things work helps us write better.
(2)、分层作业
1. 基础题:完善课堂作文,抄写在作业本上。
2. 提升题:为你写的工程画一张英文示意图(Diagram),并配上英文标签。
3. 探究题:查找家乡的一个水利或生态工程资料,下节课做 1 分钟口头报告。
作业设计
一、巩固性作业
1. 根据课文内容,补全下列句子:
- The Karez system includes more than 1,000 ______ which appear every 20-30 metres.
- Water runs ______ to keep cool and safe from the desert heat.
- It is among the top three ______ of ancient China.
2. 用所给词的正确形式填空:survive, protect, invent
- How do people ______ in such a terrible climate?
- The ancient karez system was ______ with only hand tools.
- Young people are taking action ______ the water system.
二、拓展性作业
Write a short passage (80-100 words) about "The Terraced Fields in Yunnan" or "The Solar Park in Gobi".
Requirements:
1. Use the structure: Introduction -> How it works -> Importance.
2. Use at least 3 linking words (First, Then, Finally...).
3. Use one sentence with an object clause (e.g., "I think that...").
板书设计
Unit 6 Reading for Writing: A River of Life
1. Key Facts (Turpan):
- Hottest, Driest (16mm rain)
- Secret: Karez System
2. How it works (Flowchart):
Mountains (Snow) → Wells (Vertical) → Underground Canals → Fields
(Avoid evaporation, Keep cool)
3. Writing Structure:
Opening: What? Where? (It is known as...)
Body: How? (First... Then... Thanks to...)
(Data & Comparison make it vivid)
Ending: Value & Future (Protect it)
4. Useful Words:
survive, climate, underground, canal, shortage, protect
教学反思
1. 图文结合突破难点:坎儿井的地下结构对学生来说较抽象。通过“绘制流程图”环节,将文字转化为图形,学生直观地理解了“竖井”与“暗渠”的关系,有效突破了“描述工作原理”这一写作难点。
2. 读写迁移自然流畅:从分析课文的说明方法(列数字、作比较)到模仿写作,支架搭建得当。大部分学生能运用< i>First, Then 等连接词条理清晰地表达,但在语言的丰富性(如形容词的使用)上仍有提升空间。
3. 文化渗透深入人心:在讨论环节,学生不仅看到了古代工程的伟大,也意识到了现代保护的紧迫性,实现了语言学习与文化意识培养的双重目标。后续可增加更多本土案例,让学生更有话可说。
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