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专题03 语法题
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01:答题技巧 02:小试牛刀
答题技巧
一、语法答题技巧
Unit 1 一般过去时
核心考点:动词过去式的规则与不规则变化;一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句。
答题技巧:
1.定位时间标志:看到 yesterday, last holiday, ... ago, in the past 等词,直接判定时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。
2.助动词规则:否定句(didn't + 动词原形)、一般疑问句(Did + 主语 + 动词原形)中,实义动词必须还原为原形,是高频易错点。
3.重点记忆本册不规则动词过去式:go-went, take-took, get-got, see-saw, eat-ate 等。
Unit 2 祈使句
核心考点:肯定祈使句(动词原形开头);否定祈使句(Don't + 动词原形);Let's 提建议句型。
答题技巧:
1.祈使句省略主语 you,直接以动词原形开头;表达禁止、劝阻时,在句首加 Don't,后接动词原形。
2.Let's = Let us,后接动词原形,表 “让我们做某事”,常用于提出建议。
3.语境判定:表示公共规则、行为要求、指令的句子,优先用祈使句结构。
Unit 3 情态动词 should/shouldn't 与疾病表达
核心考点:should/shouldn't 的用法;have/has 表患病的搭配;健康建议类句型。
答题技巧:
1.should/shouldn't 为情态动词,无人称和数的变化,后面必须接动词原形。
2.表达患病:have a cold/fever/headache/cough;主语是第三人称单数时,have 变为 has。
3.回答建议类问题时,保持情态动词一致:用 should 提问用 should 回答,用 shouldn't 提问用 shouldn't 回答。
Unit 4 There be 句型与现在进行时
核心考点:There be 句型的主谓一致(就近原则);There be 的否定句与一般疑问句;现在进行时的结构与用法。
答题技巧:
1.There be 就近原则:be 动词的单复数由距离它最近的名词决定,单数可数名词 / 不可数名词用 is,复数可数名词用 are。
2.There be 句型变否定:在 be 动词后加 not;变一般疑问句:把 be 动词提至句首,句中 some 变 any。
3.现在进行时标志词:look, listen, now;结构为 “主语 + am/is/are + 动词 - ing”,注意动词 ing 的变化规则:直接加 ing、去 e 加 ing、重读闭音节双写尾字母加 ing。
Unit 5 There be 句型与数量表达
核心考点:How many 引导的特殊疑问句;There be 句型的问答;可数名词复数变化。
答题技巧:
1.How many 后必须接可数名词复数,再接一般疑问句语序,用来询问数量。
2.There be 一般疑问句的回答:Yes, there is/are./ No, there isn't/aren't. 答语的 be 动词要和问句保持一致。
3.可数名词复数变化:一般加 - s;以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 - es;辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - es。
Unit 6 一般将来时
核心考点:be going to 结构表将来计划;will + 动词原形表将来;had better 提建议的用法。
答题技巧:
1.be going to 结构:be 动词随主语变化(I 用 am, you / 复数用 are, 三单用 is),to 后面必须接动词原形。
2.will 表将来,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形;否定形式为 will not,缩写为 won't。
3.had better(缩写 'd better)表 “最好做某事”,后接动词原形;否定形式为 had better not + 动词原形。
二、通用解题步骤
1.抓标志:先找句子中的时间标志词、情态动词、固定结构,快速锁定考点与时态。
2.看主语:判断主语的人称和单复数,匹配对应的 be 动词、助动词和动词形式。
3.验结构:回忆对应语法的固定结构,检查动词形式、名词单复数是否符合规则。
4.读通顺:填完后通读整句,确认语义通顺、语法正确,避免低级错误。
小试牛刀
一、单项选择
( ) 1. — What did you do last winter holiday?
— I _______ Beijing Opera with my grandpa.
A. learn B. learned C. learns
( ) 2. — Did you _______ pictures in Ottawa?
— Yes, I took lots of pictures.
A. take B. took C. takes
( ) 3. Danny _______ a big fish in the lake yesterday.
A. get B. gets C. got
( ) 4. — _______ you go to the Lantern Festival parade?
— No, I didn't.
A. Do B. Did C. Are
( ) 5. They _______ to the countryside last week.
A. go B. went C. goes
( ) 6. _______ push in the crowd. We should wait in line.
A. Don't B. Not C. No
( ) 7. _______ the street when the light is green.
A. Cross B. Crosses C. Crossing
( ) 8. — Don't feed the deer too much.
— _______
A. Thank you. B. Sorry, I won't. C. Yes, I do.
( ) 9. _______ go and see the pandas together.
A. Let B. Let's C. Let we
( ) 10. _______ walk on the grass.
A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't
( ) 11. You _______ drink more water when you have a cold.
A. should B. shouldn't C. can't
( ) 12. — What's wrong _______ you?
— I have a headache.
A. for B. with C. to
( ) 13. My grandma _______ a bad cough.
A. have B. has C. having
( ) 14. We _______ play computer games for too long. It's bad for our eyes.
A. should B. shouldn't C. can
( ) 15. _______ a day keeps the doctor away.
A. A apple B. An apple C. Apples
( ) 16. There _______ a supermarket and two bookshops in my neighbourhood.
A. is B. are C. be
( ) 17. Look! Some women _______ Beijing Opera under the tree.
A. sing B. sings C. are singing
( ) 18. — Is there a gym near here?
— _______
A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, there is. C. No, it isn't.
( ) 19. There _______ any people in the park in the early morning.
A. isn't B. aren't C. is
( ) 20. Listen! The birds _______ happily in the tree.
A. sing B. sings C. are singing
( ) 21. — How many _______ do you have on the farm?
— Twenty.
A. sheep B. sheeps C. cow
( ) 22. There _______ some rice and vegetables on the table.
A. is B. are C. have
( ) 23. — Are there any fish in the river?
— _______
A. Yes, there are. B. Yes, they are. C. No, it isn't.
( ) 24. _______ cucumbers are there in the garden?
A. How much B. How many C. How
( ) 25. There _______ a river and many trees near the village.
A. is B. are C. have
( ) 26. — What are you going to do this summer holiday?
— I _______ travel around China.
A. am going to B. is going to C. go to
( ) 27. You'd better _______ an umbrella. It often rains in London.
A. take B. takes C. taking
( ) 28. We _______ visit the British Museum next week.
A. will B. are C. do
( ) 29. — _______ are you going to Dalian?
— By ship.
A. What B. Where C. How
( ) 30. I will _______ swimming classes this summer.
A. take B. takes C. took
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I _______ (visit) my grandparents in the country last month.
2.— Did you go ice fishing? — No, I _______ (do not).
3.Jenny _______ (take) many pictures during the holiday.
4.We _______ (watch) the lanterns yesterday evening.
5.Don't _______ (shout) in the library.
6.Let's _______ (wait) in line for the bus.
7._______ (not walk) on the grass.
8.You should _______ (drink) more hot water.
9.My sister _______ (have) a bad cold.
10.We shouldn't _______ (eat) too much junk food.
11.Look! Some men _______ (play) Chinese chess in the garden.
12.There _______ (be) a bookshop beside the supermarket.
13.— Is there a sports centre? — No, there _______ (be not).
14.How many _______ (duck) are there on the farm?
15.There _______ (be) some milk in the bottle.
16.I _______ (be) going to learn kung fu this summer.
17.She will _______ (go) back to Canada next month.
18.You'd better _______ (not stay) up late.
19.What _______ (be) they going to do tomorrow?
20.Guo Liang often _______ (help) his parents on the farm.
三、句型转换
1.I learned Beijing Opera in the holiday.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
— _______ you _______ Beijing Opera in the holiday?
— _______, I _______.
2.They went to Hainan last winter.(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ they _______ last winter?
3.Don't run on the bus.(改为肯定句)
_______ on the bus.
4.You should wait in line.(改为否定句)
You _______ _______ in line.
5.There is a gym in the neighbourhood.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
— _______ _______ a gym in the neighbourhood?
— _______, _______ _______.
6.The children are feeding the fish.(对划线部分提问)
_______ are the children _______?
7.There are twenty sheep on the farm.(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ sheep are there on the farm?
8.I'm going to Mount Taishan this summer.(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ you going this summer?
9.He will take swimming classes.(改为否定句)
He _______ _______ swimming classes.
10.You'd better take a camera.(改为否定句)
You'd better _______ _______ a camera.
四、根据首字母提示补全句子
1.— What did you do d_______ the holiday? — I visited my friends.
2.Don't p_______. We should wait in line to get on the bus.
3.— What's w_______ with you? — I have a cough.
4.We should do sports every day to k_______ healthy.
5.There is a supermarket b_______ the bookshop.
6.Look! The birds are s_______ happily in the tree.
7.How many c_______ are there on the farm? — Five. They give us milk.
8.There is a river n_______ the village.
9.I'm going to t_______ Chinese painting classes this summer.
You'd better take an u_______. It's going to rain.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1.答案:B
解析:本题考查一般过去时。last winter holiday 是过去的时间,谓语动词用过去式,learn 的过去式是 learned。
2.答案:A
解析:本题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。助动词 Did 开头的疑问句,后面的实义动词要用原形。
3.答案:C
解析:本题考查一般过去时。yesterday 是过去时间标志,get 的过去式是 got。
4.答案:B
解析:本题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。根据答语 didn't 可知,问句用 Did 引导。
5.答案:B
解析:本题考查一般过去时。last week 是过去时间,go 的过去式是 went。
6.答案:A
解析:本题考查否定祈使句。表达 “不要做某事” 用 Don't + 动词原形结构。
7.答案:A
解析:本题考查肯定祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头,表达指令、要求。
8.答案:B
解析:本题考查祈使句的应答。对劝阻类的祈使句,用 “抱歉,我不会了” 回应,符合语境。
9.答案:B
解析:本题考查 Let's 句型。Let's = Let us,后接动词原形,表 “让我们做某事”。
10.答案:B
解析:本题考查否定祈使句。表达禁止做某事,用 Don't + 动词原形开头。
11.答案:A
解析:本题考查情态动词 should 的用法。句意:感冒时你应该多喝水。should 表 “应该”,符合语境。
12.答案:B
解析:本题考查固定句型。What's wrong with you? 是询问身体状况的固定句型,意为 “你怎么了?”。
13.答案:B
解析:本题考查 have/has 的用法。主语 My grandma 是第三人称单数,have 变为 has。
14.答案:B
解析:本题考查情态动词 shouldn't 的用法。句意:我们不应该玩太久电脑游戏,对眼睛不好。shouldn't 表 “不应该”。
15.答案:B
解析:本题考查冠词和名词。apple 以元音音素开头,用 an 修饰;句子谓语 keeps 是三单形式,主语用单数。
16.答案:A
解析:本题考查 There be 句型的就近原则。距离 be 动词最近的 a supermarket 是单数,be 动词用 is。
17.答案:C
解析:本题考查现在进行时。Look 是现在进行时的标志词,结构为 be+doing;主语 Some women 是复数,be 动词用 are。
18.答案:B
解析:本题考查 There be 句型一般疑问句的回答。Is there...? 的肯定回答为 Yes, there is.
19.答案:B
解析:本题考查 There be 句型的否定句。any 常用于否定句,主语 people 是复数,be 动词用 are,否定为 aren't。
20.答案:C
解析:本题考查现在进行时。Listen 是现在进行时的标志词,主语 The birds 是复数,be 动词用 are。
21.答案:A
解析:本题考查 How many 的用法和名词复数。How many 后接可数名词复数;sheep 单复数同形。
22.答案:A
解析:本题考查 There be 句型的就近原则。距离 be 动词最近的 some rice 是不可数名词,be 动词用 is。
23.答案:A
解析:本题考查 There be 句型一般疑问句的回答。Are there...? 的肯定回答为 Yes, there are.
24.答案:B
解析:本题考查特殊疑问词。询问可数名词的数量用 How many,后接可数名词复数。
25.答案:A
解析:本题考查 There be 句型的就近原则。距离 be 动词最近的 a river 是单数,be 动词用 is。
26.答案:A
解析:本题考查 be going to 结构。主语 I 对应的 be 动词用 am,be going to 后接动词原形,表将来计划。
27.答案:A
解析:本题考查 had better 的用法。had better 后接动词原形,意为 “最好做某事”。
28.答案:A
解析:本题考查 will 的用法。will 表将来,后接动词原形,符合 next week 的将来时间语境。
29.答案:C
解析:本题考查特殊疑问词。答语是交通方式,用 How 提问 “怎样、如何”。
30.答案:A
解析:本题考查 will 的用法。will 后接动词原形,表将要做某事。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.答案:visited
解析:last month 是过去时间,谓语动词用过去式,visit 的过去式是 visited。
2.答案:didn't
解析:Did 引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用 No, 主语 + didn't.
3.答案:took
解析:根据语境 “假期期间” 是过去的事,用一般过去时,take 的过去式是 took。
4.答案:watched
解析:yesterday evening 是过去时间,watch 的过去式是 watched。
5.答案:shout
解析:否定祈使句 Don't 后接动词原形。
6.答案:wait
解析:Let's 后接动词原形,意为 “让我们做某事”。
7.答案:Don't walk
解析:否定祈使句结构为 Don't + 动词原形,句首首字母大写。
8.答案:drink
解析:情态动词 should 后接动词原形。
9.答案:has
解析:主语 My sister 是第三人称单数,一般现在时中 have 变为 has。
10.答案:eat
解析:情态动词 shouldn't 后接动词原形。
11.答案:are playing
解析:Look 是现在进行时标志,主语 Some men 是复数,be 动词用 are,play 的 - ing 形式是 playing。
12.答案:is
解析:There be 句型,a bookshop 是单数,be 动词用 is。
13.答案:isn't
解析:Is there...? 的否定回答用 No, there isn't.
14.答案:ducks
解析:How many 后接可数名词复数,duck 的复数是 ducks。
15.答案:is
解析:There be 句型,milk 是不可数名词,be 动词用 is。
16.答案:am
解析:be going to 结构中,主语 I 对应的 be 动词用 am。
17.答案:go
解析:will 后接动词原形,表将来。
18.答案:not stay
解析:had better 的否定形式为 had better not + 动词原形。
19.答案:are
解析:be going to 结构中,主语 they 对应的 be 动词用 are。
20.答案:helps
解析:主语 Guo Liang 是第三人称单数,一般现在时谓语动词用三单形式,help 的三单是 helps。
三、句型转换
1.答案:Did; learn; No; didn't
解析:一般过去时的句子变一般疑问句,句首加助动词 Did,后面的实义动词还原为原形;否定回答用 No, 主语 + didn't.
2.答案:Where did; go
解析:划线部分是地点,用 Where 提问;一般过去时的特殊疑问句结构为 “疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形”。
3.答案:Run
解析:否定祈使句变肯定句,去掉 Don't,保留动词原形开头,首字母大写。
4.答案:shouldn't wait
解析:含情态动词 should 的句子变否定句,直接在 should 后加 not,缩写为 shouldn't,后面接动词原形。
5.答案:Is there; Yes; there is
解析:There be 句型变一般疑问句,把 be 动词提至句首;肯定回答为 Yes, there is.
6.答案:What; doing
解析:划线部分是正在做的动作,用 What 提问;现在进行时的特殊疑问句,动词用 doing 形式。
7.答案:How many
解析:划线部分是数量,修饰可数名词复数 sheep,用 How many 提问。
8.答案:Where are
解析:划线部分是地点,用 Where 提问;be going to 结构变疑问句,把 be 动词提至主语前。
9.答案:won't take
解析:will 表将来的句子变否定句,在 will 后加 not,缩写为 won't,后面接动词原形。
10.答案:not take
解析:had better 的否定形式为 had better not + 动词原形。
四、根据首字母提示补全句子
1.答案:during
解析:during the holiday 意为 “在假期期间”,符合语境。
2.答案:push
解析:句意:不要挤。我们应该排队上车。push 意为 “挤,推”,符合祈使句语境。
3.答案:wrong
解析:What's wrong with you? 是固定句型,询问对方身体状况。
4.答案:keep
解析:keep healthy 是固定搭配,意为 “保持健康”;to 后接动词原形。
5.答案:beside
解析:beside 是方位介词,意为 “在…… 旁边”,符合句意。
6.答案:singing
解析:Look 提示现在进行时,结构为 be+doing;sing 的 - ing 形式是 singing。
7.答案:cows
解析:根据后句 “它们产奶” 可知是奶牛;How many 后接可数名词复数,cow 的复数是 cows。
8.答案:near
解析:near 是方位介词,意为 “在…… 附近”,符合句意 “村庄附近有一条河”。
9.答案:take
解析:take classes 是固定搭配,意为 “上课”;be going to 后接动词原形。
10.答案:umbrella
解析:根据后句 “要下雨了” 可知是带雨伞;umbrella 意为 “雨伞”。
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