专题10 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 语法、写作讲解（暑假预习讲义）新高一英语人教版

专题10 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 语法、写作讲解 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 限制性定语从句（1） 考点二 写作精讲（新闻概要） 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters核心语法 限制性定语从句（1） 【考点精讲】 1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. 2．The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000. 3．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 4．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 5．The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada. 一、定语从句的概述 定语从句定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句 关系词 关系代词 who, whom, whose， which, that, as 关系副词 when, where, why 种类分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 This is the museum that I visited two years ago. 这就是我两年前参观过的那个博物馆。(that I visited two years ago是定语从句，修饰museum) The lady who lives next door is a famous dancer. 住在隔壁的那位女士是个著名的舞蹈家。(who lives next door是定语从句，修饰lady)。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.(作主语， 指人)在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。 I’d really like to find a friend who I can trust completely.(作宾语， 指人)我真的很想找一个可以完全信任的朋友。 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.(作宾语，指人)罗丝是你应该关心的人。 3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.(作定语，指人)我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。 He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(作定语，指物) 【牛刀小试】　 用适当的关系代词填空 ①Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? ②Those who want to see the film set down your names, please. ③This is the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son. ④The girl who graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda. ⑤I like those books whose topics are about history. ⑥Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. 4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.(作宾语，指物) 那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。 The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.(作主语，指物) 那个小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。 5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人时多用who/whom，指物时多用which。 The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.(作主语，指人) 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。 The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(作主语指物) [名师点津]　(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 [译]　昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。 [误]　The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening. [正]　The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening. (2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day? 那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？ 【牛刀小试】　 用适当的关系代词填空 ①I still keep the letter that/which she wrote to me. ②Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. ③The young man who/whom/that I work with is friendly. ④Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago? ⑤This is the man from whom I learned a lot in my life. 三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。 Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ 2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。 3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不属于我的书。 The only thing that she could do was to turn to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。 I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。 4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 【牛刀小试】　 补全句子 ①This is the most beautiful park that I have visited．这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 ②She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in．她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。 ③Writing was the only thing that interested her.写作是她唯一感兴趣的事。 【牛刀小试】　 一．分析下列句子中的定语从句，写出其先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分 1．We paid a visit to the museum which was built three hundred years ago. ①先行词：the museum ②关系词：which ③所作成分：主语 2．It is the most interesting book that I have ever read. ①先行词：the most interesting book ②关系词：that ③所作成分：宾语 3．Do you know the man whom our headmaster is talking with over there? ①先行词：the man ②关系词：whom ③所作成分：宾语 4．Please pass me the book whose cover is light blue. ①先行词：the book ②关系词：whose ③所作成分：定语 5．The soldiers are looking for those who are trapped in the cave. ①先行词：those ②关系词：who ③所作成分：主语 二．单句语法填空 1．The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 2．We don’t know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the disaster. 3．Jake used to be a brave boy that/whom/who his teachers always praised. 4．I’m not interested in the story that/which is about the trip to the moon. 5．She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease. 6．Hany is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher. 7．The gift will be given to anyone who comes first. 8．All that we need is enough rest after long hours’ work. 9．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 10．I don’t know the persons and the things __that they are talking about. 考点二 写作精讲 新闻概要 写作积累 新闻概要的要点一般包括时间、地点、事件、起因、结果和可能的后续活动等。概要的内容只需包括文本中的重要信息或事例,原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语等均可省略,力求语言简明扼要,要点齐全。 概要写作可以分为三个步骤:要点获取、要点转述和要点衔接。 1.要点获取 通过筛选主题句和寻找关键词找出要点。 (1)筛选主题句 主题句是指能够概括整个段落的关键句。通常情况下段落是由主题句和细节句组成的,段落可以是“总—分”或“分—总”的结构。因此一个段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾。 另外,我们也可以特别关注像so、therefore、thus这样的标志词,这些词后往往是作者对前文的总结,很可能就是主题句。 (2)寻找关键词 在实际写作中,我们会发现某些段落并不能直接找出主题句,在这种情况下,可以通过找出段落关键词,进而连词成句,得出段落要点。 2.要点转述 可以从下面四个方向进行转述: (1)同义替换 同义替换指的是用相同意义的单词、短语或者句子代替从原文中找出的要点。 例　在“Scientists from NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to travel around Mars and get information.”中用sent、made、created等代替built,用explore Mars代替travel around Mars and get information。由此,我们得到要点Scientists from NASA sent the Mars Climate Orbiter to explore Mars. (2)语态转换 语态转换就是把句子在主动语态和被动语态之间进行转换。 例　本单元课文THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP中的第一段“Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei...were asleep as usual that night.” 原要点:Strange things were happening, but people thought little of them. 语态转换后的要点:Strange things were happening, but they were ignored. (3)词性改变 在进行要点转述的过程中,由于词汇量或其他原因,可能会遇到某些词很难找到同义词的情况。这时,可以尝试用不同的词性表达相同的意思,如把动词改成名词短语或者把形容词改成名词短语等。 例　Many students experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams, as both their parents and teachers expect them to get high scores. 前半句可以同义转换成Many students are stressed during the exam period,后半句可以将expect改成expectation,这样就得到了转换后的要点:Because of the high expectations from their parents and teachers, many students are stressed during the exam period. (4)句子重构 只有掌握了多种句式,如定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词作状语等,并对不同的句式进行灵活转换,才能写出层次清晰、语言简练的内容概要。概要写作在语言表达上也要求“以简为贵”。 例　原要点:The city hosted the event. It has witnessed many important ceremonies in history. 改写后的要点:The city which has witnessed many important ceremonies in history hosted the event. 3.要点衔接 　　注意要点之间的衔接,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文,优先考虑使用较短的衔接词(如but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however等)。 写作题目 　　阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 　　A 7.1-magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses and cut off power and first-aid material supply in Yushu, Qinghai province on Wednesday. Rescuers have put up more than 40 tents for survivors in Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中) in Yushu. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area populated by some 100,000 people. Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor(轻微地震). In the yard of Yushu's Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in total darkness. Some wrapped themselves up in quilts(被子) taken out of the debris. Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles. The National Meteorological Center of CMA forecast on Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations. The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后的)landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers, and especially machines, to enter the region. In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted(筋疲力尽的) working at a place with an altitude(海拔) of above 4,000 meters. Thousands of rescuers and medical staff members are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. The government, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering money and materials to the region. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  文本分析 1.语篇解读 主题语境:自然灾害与防范 语篇类型:新闻报道 文章大意:青海玉树地震发生后的灾民状况、天气条件以及救灾情况。 2.段落主题 本篇文章为“总—分”结构,第一段概括陈述发生的事件,下面四段分别从几个方面详细阐述该事件。各段的主旨大意如下: 第一段:A 7.1-magnitude quake occurred in Yushu, Qinghai province on Wednesday. 第二段:The survivors relied on the tents. But because there were not enough tents, many people sought temporary shelters or even sat or lay on the ground in darkness. 第三段:The weather will provide favorable conditions for rescue operations. 第四段:The damaged roads cause great difficulties for rescuers and machines to enter the region. The high altitude makes rescuers get exhausted easily. 第五段:A lot of rescuers, medical staff members and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu. 筛选、整合信息,转换表达 　　1.第一段的主旨大意可以概括为要点1。其中的occurred in可以转换表达为　　　　,表示“侵袭”。  2.第二段的主旨大意可以概括为要点2。结合第二段的主旨大意来看,the survivors有三种状态,即　　　　　　、　　　　　　和sat or lay on the ground in darkness,其中sat or lay on the ground in darkness即待在外面,用英文表述为　　　　　　。because there were not enough tents是一个because引导的原因状语从句,可以转换表达为because of短语,not enough可以转换表达为　　　　,表示“有限的”。  3.第三段和第四段的主旨大意可以概括为要点3。第三段描述的是救援的有利因素,第四段描述的是救援的不利因素,重点是突出不利因素,所以有利因素可以用“despite+宾语”来表示,不利因素有两个方面,即　　　　　　和　　　　　　,这两个方面的不利因素对救援造成了很大的困难。  4.第五段的主旨大意可以概括为要点4。要点4是在陈述外界的帮助,所以可以用　　　　与要点3衔接。  【答案】1.hit　2.relied on the tents;sought temporary shelters;stayed outdoors;limited 3.the damaged roads;the high altitude　4.Luckily 连句成篇 　　A 7.1-magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai province on Wednesday.(要点1) The survivors relied on the tents, but because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors.(要点2) Despite the favorable weather conditions, the damaged roads and the high altitude cause great difficulties for the rescue work.(要点3) Luckily, a lot of rescuers, medical staff members and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.(要点4) 一．语法训练 A.将下列句子合并为含定语从句的主从复合句 1.Look at the boy and his dog. I meet them every day on my way to school. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.I live next door to a couple. Their children often make a lot of noise. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.He showed me a photo in his room. The photo was taken in Egypt by his father. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.The city is in ruins. It was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.The man is our new manager. You spoke to him this morning. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  【答案】1.Look at the boy and his dog that I meet every day on my way to school. 2.I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 3.The photo (which/that) he showed me in his room was taken in Egypt by his father. 4.The city that/which was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins. 5.The man whom/who/that you spoke to this morning is our new manager./The man to whom you spoke this morning is our new manager. B.用适当的关系代词填空 A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing 　　Mary 1.　　　　　 drawings were shown at the exhibition(展览会) last month is a model student 2.　　　　　 is often praised for her good works at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall, our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3.　　　　　 was hung on the wall in front of us.   The horse 4.　　　　　 is in the drawing is exactly like a real one. The man 5.　　　　　 is riding on it looks like a living man.  It is the best drawing 6.　　　　　 I have ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7.　　　　　 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary is a born painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the person of 8.　　　　　 her school is proud.  【答案】1.whose　先行词是Mary,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。 2.who/that　先行词是a model student,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。 3.that/which　先行词是a very large picture,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。 4.that/which　先行词是The horse,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。 5.who/that　先行词是The man,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。 6.that　先行词被形容词最高级修饰,指物,关系词在定语从句中作have ever seen的宾语,故填that。 7.that/who/whom　先行词是the best young painter,指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,故填that、who或whom。 8.whom　先行词是the person,指人,关系词前面有介词of,故填whom。of与后面的is proud构成is proud of。 C.语法填空 A TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6, 500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004 The most 1 (power) earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami 2 crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, 3 (kill) more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other 4 (country). Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars 5 (sweep) away by huge waves 6 (cause) by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake 7 (strike) around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people 8 (kill). In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of 9 (death) stood at 2,498, and one million more 10 (affect) by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many 11 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found 12 (die) in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were 13 (hurt) and many more were 14 (miss), local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to 15 (safe),” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even 16 (high) over the next few days. Foreign aid is being 17 (organize) for the tsunami-hit countries. 18 , dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make 19 difficult to deliver food and supplies. 【答案】1．powerful 2．which/that 3．killing 4．countries 5．were swept 6．caused 7．struck 8．were killed 9．deaths 10．were affected 11．as 12．dead 13．hurt 14．missing 15．safety 16．higher 17．organized 18．However 19．it 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸造成的严重伤亡和损失。 1．考查形容词。句意：昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发了海啸，海啸冲击了亚洲各地的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他四个国家超过6500人遇难。结合The most可知，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词earthquake，表示“强烈的”用形容词powerful。故填powerful。 2．考查定语从句。句意：昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发了海啸，海啸冲击了亚洲各地的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他四个国家超过6500人遇难。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词tsunami，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发了海啸，海啸冲击了亚洲各地的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他四个国家超过6500人遇难。主句已有谓语动词caused，空处应用非谓语动词，此处表示主句所述事件引起的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填killing。 4．考查名词的数。句意：昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发了海啸，海啸冲击了亚洲各地的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他四个国家超过6500人遇难。country“国家”为可数名词，被four other修饰，应用其复数形式。故填countries。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车被高达9.0级的强烈地震所引发的大浪卷走了。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语“Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars”和sweep为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were swept。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车被高达9.0级的强烈地震所引发的大浪卷走了。句中已有谓语动词were swept，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词waves，waves和cause之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词caused作后置定语。故填caused。 7．考查时态。句意：海底地震于周日上午7点左右在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸附近发生。空处为句子谓语动词，结合时间状语“around 7:00 a.m., Sunday”可知，句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填struck。 8．考查时态和语态。句意：仅在该地区，就有至少1870人丧生。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，且主语people与谓语kill为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were killed。 9．考查名词的数。句意：政府官员称，在震中以西约1600公里的斯里兰卡，死亡人数为2498人，另有100万人受到海啸影响。the number of后接名词，death作“死亡的人”讲时是可数名词，根据下文2498可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填deaths。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：政府官员称，在震中以西约1600公里的斯里兰卡，死亡人数为2498人，另有100万人受到海啸影响。空处为and并列句的谓语动词，句子陈述过去的事情，且主语 one million more（另100万人）和affect之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were affected。 11．考查固定句型。句意：印度官员表示，南部海岸有多达1900人丧生。结合句意，表示“多达……”用as many as。故填as。 12．考查形容词。句意：在泰国又发现254人遇难，另有54人在其他三个国家死亡。空处作主语补足语，结合句意，形容词dead“死亡的”符合题意，强调状态。故填dead。 13．考查动词语态。句意：泰国南部地方官员表示，该地区有1900人受伤，另有更多人失踪。主语1,900 people与hurt之间为被动关系，空处需用过去分词hurt与空前were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填hurt。 14．考查形容词。句意：“我当时正和三个孩子吃早饭，海水就开始灌进家里了。我们什么都顾不上带，只能往安全的地方跑。” 泰国当地一名女子Chandra Theeravit说道。空处作表语，表示“失踪的”用形容词missing。故填missing。 15．考查名词。句意：泰国南部地方官员表示，该地区有1900人受伤，另有更多人失踪。“我当时正和三个孩子吃早饭，海水就开始灌进家里了。我们什么都顾不上带，只能往安全的地方跑。”泰国当地一名女子Chandra Theeravit说道。空处作介词to的宾语，名词safety“安全场所”符合题意。故填safety。 16．考查形容词比较级。句意：目前仍有数千人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还会增加。空处作表语，结合句意可知，此处指死亡人数会变得更多，因此high的比较级higher符合题意。故填higher。 17．考查时态。句意：各国正为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织对外援助。主语Foreign aid和organize为被动关系，结合is being可知，空处应填organize的过去分词organized构成现在进行时的被动语态。故填organized。 18．考查副词。句意：然而，恶劣的环境条件和受损的道路将使得食品与物资的运送工作难以开展。上文提到的“组织救援”和本句“恶劣条件导致工作难以开展”之间为转折关系，且空格位于句首，应用连接副词however，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填However。 19．考查固定句型。句意：然而，恶劣的环境条件和受损的道路将使得食品与物资的运送工作难以开展。make it+adj.+to do“使得做某事……的”是固定句型，it是形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语。故填it。 B 阅读下面课文段落，在空白处填入适当的内容。 Tangshan started to 1 itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the 2 efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people. With great 3 in transportation, industry and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster people must 4 and show the wisdom to stay 5 and rebuild for a brighter future. A committee was 6 to limit damage to Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for 7 from different departments and 8 funds within the international community. Experts 9 issue, conducted several tests, and then made a 10 for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was 11 , and work began in 1960. In order to save this species from 12 , the Chinese government placed it 13 national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from 14 . Bridges and gates were 15 to let antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. 【答案】1．revive 2．tireless 3．improvements 4．unify 5．positive 6．established 7．contributions 8．raised 9．investigated 10．proposal 11．signed 12．extinction 13．under 14．attacks 15．added 【导语】文章主要讲述了唐山在地震后重建、国际社会合作保护文物及中国保护藏羚羊的事例。 【详解】1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：唐山开始自我复苏并重新站起来。根据人教版高中英语必修一Unit 4课文内容可知，空处需填“复苏、恢复生机”，用动词revive表示。start to后接动词原形。 2．考查形容词。句意：在政府的大力支持和市民不懈的努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上建成。根据人教版高中英语必修一Unit 4课文内容可知，空处需填“不知疲倦的”，用形容词tireless作定语修饰efforts。 3．考查名词。句意：这座新城已成为七百多万人的家园，在交通、工业和环境方面都有了巨大的改善。根据人教版高中英语必修一Unit 4课文内容可知，空处需填“改善、进步”，用名词improvement表示，用复数形式improvements表示多方面改善。 4．考查动词。句意：唐山市向中国和世界其他地方证明，在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致，并展现出保持积极乐观的智慧，为更光明的未来而重建。根据人教版高中英语必修一Unit 4课文内容可知，空处需填“团结、统一”，用动词unify表示，且位于情态动词must之后，用原形。 5．考查形容词。句意同上。根据人教版高中英语必修一Unit 4课文内容可知，空处需填“积极的、乐观的”，用形容词positive作表语。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：成立了一个委员会来限制对埃及建筑的破坏并防止文物损失。根据人教版高中英语必修二Unit 1课文内容可知，空处需填“建立、成立”，用动词establish表示。committee与establish构成被动关系，且空前有was，空处用过去分词established，构成一般过去时的被动语态。 7．考查名词。句意：该团体向不同部门请求捐助，并在国际社会内筹集了资金。根据人教版高中英语必修二Unit 1课文内容可知，空处需填“贡献、捐助”，用名词contribution表示，用复数形式contributions表示多方面的捐助。 8．考查动词时态。句意同上。根据人教版高中英语必修二Unit 1课文内容可知，空处需填“筹集”，用动词raise。与前面的asked构成并列谓语，时态保持一致，用一般过去时。 9．考查动词时态。句意：专家们调查了这个问题，进行了几次测试，然后针对如何挽救这些建筑提出了一个建议。根据人教版高中英语必修二Unit 1课文内容可知，空处需填“调查”，用动词investigate。与conducted和made由and连接构成并列谓语，时态保持一致，用一般过去时。 10．考查名词。句意同上。根据人教版高中英语必修二Unit 1课文内容可知，空处需填“提议、建议”，用名词proposal。位于a之后，需填单数形式，make a proposal表示“提出一项建议”。 11．考查动词时态和语态。句意：最后，一份文件被签署了，工作于1960年开始。根据人教版高中英语必修二Unit 1课文内容可知，空处需填“签署”，用动词sign。document与sign构成被动关系，且由空前was可知用一般过去时的被动语态，空处用过去分词signed。 12．考查名词。句意：为了使该物种免于灭绝，中国政府将其置于国家保护之下。根据人教版高中英语选择性必修一Unit 3课文内容可知，空处需填“灭绝”，位于介词from之后，需填名词extinction作宾语。 13．考查介词。句意同上。根据人教版高中英语选择性必修一Unit 3课文内容可知，空处需填“在……之下”，用介词under。place...under national protection表示“将……置于国家保护之下”。 14．考查名词。句意：扎西和其他志愿者日夜守护藏羚羊，保护它们免受攻击。根据人教版高中英语选择性必修一Unit 3课文内容可知，空处需填“攻击”，位于介词短语from之后，需填名词attack作宾语。根据课文语境，藏羚羊面临来自盗猎者、天敌等多方面的侵害，因此使用复数形式attacks表示各种形式的攻击。 15．考查动词时态和语态。句意：增建了桥梁和闸门，以便藏羚羊轻松移动并保护它们免受车辆和火车的伤害。根据人教版高中英语选择性必修一Unit 3课文内容可知，空处需填“增加、添加”，用动词add。Bridges and gates与add构成被动关系，且由空前were可知用一般过去时的被动语态，空处填过去分词added。 C 课本原文填空 But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army send 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were 1 and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to 2 medical care. Workers built shelters for 3 whose homes had been 4 . Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly the city began to 5 again. Tangshan started to 6 itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless 7 of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than several million people, with great 8 in transportation, industry and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of 9 , people must unify and show the 10 to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 【答案】1．trapped 2．provide 3．survivors 4．destroyed 5．breathe 6．revive 7．efforts 8．improvements 9．disaster 10．wisdom 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了唐山大地震后，在国家的帮助下，唐山重建美好家园的过程。 【详解】1．考查动词和被动语态。句意：地震发生后不久，军队派遣15万名士兵前往唐山，挖出被困人员并埋葬死者。根据课文原文可知，士兵们挖出被困人员，空格处涉及单词“trap”，意为“使……陷入困境”，动词词性，根据句意和句中“were”可知，句子为一般过去时的被动语态，空格处应用“trap”的过去分词“trapped”。故填trapped。 2．考查动词。句意：超过10000名医生和护士前来提供医疗服务。根据课文原文可知，医生和护士前来提供医疗服务，空格处涉及单词“provide”，意为“提供”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填provide。 3．考查名词。句意：工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。根据课文原文可知，工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所，空格处涉及单词“survivor”，意为“幸存者”，为可数名词，空格处应用其复数形式“survivors”，表示一类人。故填survivors。 4．考查动词和被动语态。句意：工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。根据课文原文可知，工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所，空格处涉及单词“destroy”，意为“毁坏”，动词词性，根据句意和句中“had been”可知，句子为过去完成时的被动语态，空格处应用“destroy”的过去分词“destroyed”。故填destroyed。 5．考查动词。句意：慢慢地，这座城市又开始呼吸了。根据课文原文可知，这座城市又开始呼吸了，空格处涉及单词“breathe”，意为“呼吸”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填breathe。 6．考查动词。句意：唐山开始复兴，重新站起来。根据课文原文可知，唐山开始复兴了，空格处涉及单词“revive”，意为“复兴，使复苏”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填revive。 7．考查名词。句意：在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，唐山在地震废墟上建起了一座新的唐山。根据课文原文可知，在市民的不懈努力下，唐山复兴了，空格处涉及单词“effort”，意为“努力”，为可数名词，空格处应用其复数形式“efforts”，表示一类事物。故填efforts。 8．考查名词。句意：这座新城已经成为数百万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了极大的改善。根据课文原文可知，这座新城的交通、工业和环境都得到了极大的改善，空格处涉及单词“improvement”，意为“改善”，为可数名词，空格处应用其复数形式“improvements”，表示一类事物。故填improvements。 9．考查名词。句意：唐山市向中国和世界证明，在灾难发生时，人们必须团结起来，展现智慧，保持积极的态度，重建更美好的未来。根据课文原文可知，在灾难发生时，人们必须团结起来，空格处涉及单词“disaster”，意为“灾难”，为可数名词，句中特指唐山大地震这次灾难，应用其单数形式。故填disaster。 10．考查名词。句意：唐山市向中国和世界证明，在灾难发生时，人们必须团结起来，展现智慧，保持积极的态度，重建更美好的未来。根据课文原文可知，在灾难发生时，人们必须团结起来，展现智慧，空格处涉及单词“wisdom”，意为“智慧”，为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 二．写作训练 1．假设你是校报记者，请根据下面信息写一篇英文报道，报道Falmont小学师生在地震中成功避险逃生的事迹。 时间地点：3月17日下午2:27，Falmont县；人物：校长Alice Brown及全校476名学生、36名教师；经过：地震时师生迅速躲到桌下、打开门；震动停止后1分20秒内有序撤离到操场；结果：仅5人轻伤，无人死亡；原因：每年两次地震安全演练 要求： 1. 体裁为新闻报道； 2. 词数80词左右； 3. 时态以一般过去时为主。 Students Escaped Safely in Falmont EarthquakeBy Li Hua, School Reporter ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Students Escaped Safely in Falmont Earthquake By Li Hua, School Reporter FALMONT – On 17th March, at 2:27 p. m. , an earthquake hit Falmont County. Luckily, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped safely. Only 5 students got slight injuries. When the floor began to shake, head teacher Alice Brown was teaching. Her students quickly moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the desk legs. Miss Brown opened the classroom door at once. Although glass broke and things fell, the students stayed still and calm. The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown led the class to exit in an orderly line, covering their heads with their hands. In just one minute and twenty seconds, all of them reached the playground. After a roll call, everyone was safe. “We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year,” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves.” 【导语】本篇书面表达要求学生写一篇报道，报道Falmont小学师生在地震中成功避险逃生的事迹。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 幸运地是：Luckily→Fortunately 带领：lead→guide/conduct 立即：at once→straight away 到达：reach→make it to 2.句式拓展： 句子合并 原句：Luckily, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped safely. Only 5 students got slight injuries. 拓展句：Luckily, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped safely, among whom only 5 students got slight injuries. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown led the class to exit in an orderly line, covering their heads with their hands.(运用了The moment引导时间状语从句和covering现在分词作状语。) 【高分句型2】 When the floor began to shake, head teacher Alice Brown was teaching.(运用了when引导时间状语从句。) 2.假定你是李华，今年9月台风“桦加沙”登陆广东对多地造成一定影响。你将为全班同学做一次主题为“How to Deal with Typhoon”的英语演讲。请按以下提示写一篇演讲稿。 要点提示： 1. 台风给人们的生命和财产带来损失； 2. 防台措施： （1）密切关注有关台风的报道，及时采取防范措施； （2）位于低洼地带的人们，务必撤离以防洪涝； （3）…… 3.发出号召。 注意： 1.词数100左右，可以适当增加细节。 参考词汇：财产property；低洼地带 low-lying areas；洪涝灾害flood disaster ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文 Good afternoon, everyone. I’m Li Hua. It’s my honour to give a speech about how to deal with typhoon. As we know, typhoon is one natural disaster that often results in heavy losses to people’s lives and property. It is vital for us to learn how to protect ourselves from its damage. Firstly, preparedness is very important. Therefore, before the coming of typhoon, we should pay close attention to the reports about it and take measures in advance. Besides, people living in the low-lying areas should leave there to protect themselves from the flood. Lastly, when typhoon comes, we had better stay indoors and close all the doors and windows. In my opinion, we are supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between human and nature. Only in this way can we humans survive. I hope we can be less affected by typhoon in the future. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份撰写一篇题为“How to Deal with Typhoon”的英语演讲稿，需介绍台风危害、给出防台措施并发出号召。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 导致：result in → contribute to 至关重要的：vital → crucial 提前：in advance → ahead of time 努力：make every effort → spare no effort 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, people living in the low-lying areas should leave there to protect themselves from the flood. 拓展句：Besides, people who live in the low-lying areas should leave there to protect themselves from the flood. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As we know, typhoon is one natural disaster that often results in heavy losses to people’s lives and property.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句及that引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】Only in this way can we humans survive.（运用“only+状语”开头的倒装句式） 3.假设你是晨光中学的李津。近期你所在的城市经历了一次极端大风天气，给市民的生活带来了诸多影响。学校英语社团计划举办一次主题为“Natural Disasters and Safety”的分享会。请你根据以下提示写一篇发言稿，内容包括： (1)描述极端大风天气的影响(如交通延误、树木倾倒、停水停电停学等)； (2)分享应对极端天气的经验或建议(如关门闭窗、留在室内等)； (3)呼吁大家关注气候变化，增强安全意识。 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可以适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：延误 delay 倾倒 fall down 停电 power cut Dear friends, I’m Li Jin. Today, I’d like to talk about the recent extreme windy weather in our city and how we can stay safe during natural disasters. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention! 【答案】Dear friends, I’m Li Jin. Today, I’d like to talk about the recent extreme windy weather in our city and how we can stay safe during natural disasters. The strong winds caused serious problems. Traffic was delayed for hours due to fallen trees blocking roads. Many neighborhoods faced power cuts and water shortages, and even our school had to close for safety reasons. Moreover, some buildings had broken windows, and street signs were blown away. To stay safe during such weather, remember these tips. First, close all windows and doors tightly to prevent debris from entering. Second, stay indoors and avoid going outside unless absolutely necessary. If you’re outdoors, stay away from tall trees or unstable structures. Also, keep flashlights and emergency supplies ready in case of power outages. This experience reminds us that climate change is real and dangerous. We must take action by reducing pollution and learning disaster survival skills. Let’s work together to protect our community and build a safer future. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为主题为“Natural Disasters and Safety”的分享会写一篇发言稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 推迟：delay→put off 保护：protect→preserve 记住：remember→keep in mind 此外：moreover→besides 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To stay safe during such weather, remember these tips. 拓展句：Remember these tips, which can help you stay safe during such weather. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To stay safe during such weather, remember these tips.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 【高分句型2】If you’re outdoors, stay away from tall trees or unstable structures.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 On July 15, 2014, Ancient Town of Fenghuang, one of China’s most well-known ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the county, forcing tens of thousands of people into leaving the area. Heavy rain and floods lasted for the past few days. Water in the nearby Tuojiang River rose by almost one meter above warning level (警戒线), caused by heavy rainstorms. More than 120,000locals and tourists have been helped to leave there because of the terrible disaster. And more than 4,000 shops in the town have been shut. Several bridges SC over the Tuojiang River have been damaged or destroyed. Water has flowed into many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town, and electricity there has been cut off. About 128,000 people have been affected by the floods. Though the heavy rain has stopped, the popular tourist spot (旅游景点) remains closed for people’s safety. A shoe shop owner named Kuang said the flood was the worst that the town had experienced. “The floods came so quickly that I didn’t have time to move the shoes,” he said sadly. “The flood has led Ancient Town of Fenghuang to become a water town,” said a post on a discussion page on the topic set up on Sina Weibo. “We could only live in an old factory now where many homeless people have to stay together. The crowded space is full of sadness,” Tang said. At least 14 people were killed in flooding in Hunan Province and the neighboring provinces of Jiangxi and Guangxi last month, Xinhua reported. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Ancient Town of Fenghuang was under water as a result of heavy rain and floods which lasted for the past few days, causing at least 14 deaths and tens of thousands of people to leave the area. (要点1) Many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town were flooded, and electricity was cut off. (要点2) About 128,000 people were affected by the floods.(要点3) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于过去几天的暴雨和洪水，凤凰古城被淹没，造成至少14人死亡，数万人离开该地区。这个古镇的许多酒吧、餐馆和酒店都被洪水淹没，电力也被切断。大约有12.8万人受到洪水影响。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①On July 15, 2014, Ancient Town of Fenghuang, one of China’s most well-known ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the county, forcing tens of thousands of people into leaving the area. At least 14 people were killed in flooding in Hunan Province and the neighboring provinces of Jiangxi and Guangxi last month, Xinhua reported. ②Water in the nearby Tuojiang River rose by almost one meter above warning level (警戒线), caused by heavy rainstorms. ③More than 120,000locals and tourists have been helped to leave there because of the terrible disaster. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Ancient Town of Fenghuang was under water as a result of heavy rain and floods which lasted for the past few days, causing at least 14 deaths and tens of thousands of people to leave the area. Many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town were flooded, and electricity was cut off. About 128,000 people were affected by the floods. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Ancient Town of Fenghuang was under water as a result of heavy rain and floods which lasted for the past few days, causing at least 14 deaths and tens of thousands of people to leave the area.（运用which引导定语从句） [高分句型2] Many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town were flooded, and electricity was cut off.（用一般过去时的被动语态）。 5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要 An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile late on April 2, 2014, cutting power and leading to landslides and a tsunami. Four men and one woman died — two who suffered heart attacks and three who were crushed (压死). About 300 prisoners escaped from the northern port city of Iquique in the immediate aftershock. The quake struck at about 8:46 p. m. local time, some 60 miles northwest of Iquique. It had a depth of 12. 5 miles. Chile’s National Emergency Office asked coastal residents (居民) to leave for safe places. “The fact is that we will know the extent of the damage as time goes by and when we inspect (查看) the areas in the light of day,” Chile’s President Michelle Bachelet said early on Wednesday. “The country has faced these first emergency hours very well.” Residents in the port t city of Antofagasta walked calmly through the streets to higher ground as traffic became heavy in some places. “Many people are fearful after experiencing the powerful earthquake in 2010, so they immediately rushed to higher ground when they heard the tsunami warning,” said a government t official. “There have been lots of aftershocks and communications have been cut off in many of the earthquake-hit areas. So people are waiting in the dark hills, not knowing what is to come, and hoping they will be able to return to their homes safely.” The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center sent out several tsunami warnings, but called off all of them by early Wednesday. Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed a shore on the coast of Pisagua, Iquique, with a population of more than 200,000, seeing seven-foot waves. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile at 8:46 p. m. local time, April 2, 2014, cutting power and causing five deaths. There were lots of aftershocks and communications were cut off in many of the earthquake-hit areas. Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed a shore on the coast of Pisagua. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了2014年4月2日智利西北部海岸发生8.2级地震的相关情况以及由此造成的影响。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile late on April 2, 2014, cutting power and leading to landslides and a tsunami. ②Four men and one woman died — two who suffered heart attacks and three who were crushed (压死). ③The quake struck at about 8:46 p.m. local time, some 60 miles northwest of Iquique. ④There have been lots of aftershocks and communications have been cut off in many of the earthquake-hit areas. ⑤Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed a shore on the coast of Pisagua, Iquique, with a population of more than 200,000, seeing seven-foot waves. 2. 缜密构思 将第 ①②③点合并，阐述地震的基本情况；第④点说明地震带来的影响；第⑤点补充海啸的相关情况。 3. 遣词造句 An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile at 8:46 p.m. local time, April 2, 2014, cutting power and causing five deaths. There were lots of aftershocks and communications were cut off in many of the earthquake-hit areas. Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed a shore on the coast of Pisagua. 【点睛】[高分句型1] An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile at 8:46 p.m. local time, April 2, 2014, cutting power and causing five deaths. (使用现在分词短语作结果状语) [高分句型2] Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed a shore on the coast of Pisagua. (使用了过去分词短语作后置定语) 6.阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 On July 15, 2014, Fenghuang Ancient Town, one of China’s most well-known ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the county, forcing tens of thousands of people into leaving the area. Heavy rain and floods lasted for a few days. Water in the nearby Tuojiang River rose above the warning level (警戒水位) due to heavy rainstorms. More than 120,000 locals and tourists were helped to leave there because of the terrible disaster. And more than 4,000 shops in the town were shut. Several bridges over the Tuojiang River were damaged or destroyed. Water flowed into many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town, and electricity there was cut off. About 128,000 people were affected by the floods. Though the heavy rain stopped, the popular tourist spot (旅游景点) remained closed for people’s safety. A shoe shop owner Mr Kuang said the flood was the worst one that the town had experienced. “The floods came so quickly that I didn’t have time to move the shoes,” he said sadly. “The flood has led Fenghuang Ancient Town to become a water town,” a user said in a post on a discussion page on the topic set up on Sina Weibo. “We could only live in an old factory now where many homeless people have to stay together. The crowded space is full of sadness,” a victim said. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 Fenghuang Ancient Town was flooded due to heavy rain which lasted for a few days, making about 128,000 people affected. (要点1)The flood caused over 120,000 people to leave, over 4,000 shops to be shut and some bridges to be damaged or destroyed, and a power failure occurred. (要点2)The tourist spot was still closed while the heave rain stopped. (要点3) 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍由于持续几天的大雨，凤凰古城被淹，约有12.8万人受到影响。洪水导致12万多人撤离，4000多家商店关闭，一些桥梁受损或被毁，还发生了停电。大雨停了，旅游景点仍然关闭。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①On July 15, 2014, Fenghuang Ancient Town, one of China’s most well-known ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the county, forcing tens of thousands of people into leaving the area. ②About 128,000 people were affected by the floods. Though the heavy rain stopped, the popular tourist spot (旅游景点) remained closed for people’s safety. ③Though the heavy rain stopped, the popular tourist spot (旅游景点) remained closed for people’s safety. 2.缜密构思将第1、2、3三个要点进行重组和整合。 3.遣词造句 Fenghuang Ancient Town was flooded because of heavy rain which lasted for a few days, making about 128,000 people affected. The flood caused over 120,000 people to leave, over 4,000 shops to be closed and some bridges to be damaged or destroyed, and a power failure occurred. The tourist spot was still closed when the heave rain stopped. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Fenghuang Ancient Town was flooded due to heavy rain which lasted for a few days, making about 128,000 people affected. （运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文进行了概括。其中which引导的限制性定语从句、现在分词作状语等。） [高分句型2]：The flood caused over 120,000 people to leave, over 4,000 shops to be shut and some bridges to be damaged or destroyed, and a power failure occurred.（运用and连接的并列结构。） [高分句型3]：The tourist spot was still closed while the heave rain stopped.（while引导的时间状语从句） 7.阅读下面材料，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 For nearly 20 years, natural disasters yearly affected about 300 million people and destroyed more than 3 million buildings, causing great damage to China’s economy. Therefore, the disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue for China. To save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. As an important part, the management on disaster information has been strengthened. So far, China has realized the 24-hour monitoring (监控) of disasters all over the country and established an early warning system. These are particularly important to save lives, especially in the case of an earthquake. According to Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Institute, even a three-second early warning can reduce deaths and injuries by 14 percent. Besides, the Chinese government has been raising the public’s awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in an all-round way. Disaster-related knowledge has been included in school textbooks, and general education about disaster prevention and reduction has been given to the public. For example, in the wake of Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government decided to make May 12th “Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day”. Every year, a series of publicity activities is organized with rich content and different forms. Apart from that, the Chinese government has improved social disaster relief system. Concerning relief efforts, the Chinese government has set up a social donation system. This encourages all industries of society to make donations. In addition, related volunteer service has been developed. Under the guidance of the Chinese government, non-governmental organizations, volunteers and social workers all actively join in the cause. They cooperate well with the government in rescue work, such as medical work and supply delivery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 Over the past 20 years, natural disasters have caused huge losses to the Chinese economy every year. Therefore, disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue facing China. In order to save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. Disaster information management, as an important part of disater management, has been strengthened. The Chinese government has been raising public awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation. The Chinese government has improved the social disaster relief system. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然灾害的影响，防灾减灾的重要性以及中国政府所采取的应对措施。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① For nearly 20 years, natural disasters yearly affected about 300 million people and destroyed more than 3 million buildings, causing great damage to China’s economy. ② Therefore, the disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue for China. To save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. ③ As an important part, the management on disaster information has been strengthened. ④ Besides, the Chinese government has been raising the public’s awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in an all-round way. Apart from that, the Chinese government has improved social disaster relief system. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、4要点进行重组，将要点3进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Over the past 20, natural disasters have caused huge losses to the Chinese economy every year. Therefore, disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue facing China. In order to save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. Disaster information management, as an important part of disater management, has been strengthened. We have been raising public awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation. We has improved the social disaster relief system. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In order to save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures.（用动词不定式对第一段做出总结，表达高级，逻辑顺畅） 【高分句型2】 We have been raising public awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation.（本句话运用了现在完成进行时态，表达高级，重点突出） 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 语法、写作讲解 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 限制性定语从句（1） 考点二 写作精讲（新闻概要） 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters核心语法 限制性定语从句（1） 【考点精讲】 1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. 2．The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000. 3．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 4．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 5．The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada. 一、定语从句的概述 定语从句定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句 关系词 关系代词 who, whom, whose， which, that, as 关系副词 when, where, why 种类分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 This is the museum that I visited two years ago. 这就是我两年前参观过的那个博物馆。(that I visited two years ago是定语从句，修饰museum) The lady who lives next door is a famous dancer. 住在隔壁的那位女士是个著名的舞蹈家。(who lives next door是定语从句，修饰lady)。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.(作主语， 指人)在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。 I’d really like to find a friend who I can trust completely.(作宾语， 指人)我真的很想找一个可以完全信任的朋友。 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.(作宾语，指人)罗丝是你应该关心的人。 3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.(作定语，指人)我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。 He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(作定语，指物) 【牛刀小试】　 用适当的关系代词填空 ①Do you know the man is talking with your mother? ②Those want to see the film set down your names, please. ③This is the person you should thank for helping your son. ④The girl graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda. ⑤I like those books topics are about history. ⑥Any student family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. 4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.(作宾语，指物) 那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。 The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.(作主语，指物) 那个小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。 5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人时多用who/whom，指物时多用which。 The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.(作主语，指人) 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。 The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(作主语指物) [名师点津]　(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 [译]　昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。 [误]　The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening. [正]　The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening. (2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day? 那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？ 【牛刀小试】　 用适当的关系代词填空 ①I still keep the letter she wrote to me. ②Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. ③The young man I work with is friendly. ④Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago? ⑤This is the man from I learned a lot in my life. 三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。 Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ 2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。 3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不属于我的书。 The only thing that she could do was to turn to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。 I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。 4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 【牛刀小试】　 补全句子 ①This is the most beautiful park ．这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 ②She took photographs of the things and people in．她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。 ③Writing was interested her.写作是她唯一感兴趣的事。 【牛刀小试】　 一．分析下列句子中的定语从句，写出其先行词、关系词及其在从句中所作的成分 1．We paid a visit to the museum which was built three hundred years ago. ①先行词： ②关系词： ③所作成分： 2．It is the most interesting book that I have ever read. ①先行词： ②关系词： ③所作成分： 语 3．Do you know the man whom our headmaster is talking with over there? ①先行词： ②关系词： ③所作成分： 4．Please pass me the book whose cover is light blue. ①先行词： ②关系词： ③所作成分： 5．The soldiers are looking for those who are trapped in the cave. ①先行词： ②关系词： ③所作成分： 二．单句语法填空 1．The earthquake hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 2．We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. 3．Jake used to be a brave boy his teachers always praised. 4．I’m not interested in the story is about the trip to the moon. 5．She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease. 6．Hany is the boy mother is our maths teacher. 7．The gift will be given to anyone comes first. 8．All we need is enough rest after long hours’ work. 9．Anyone has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 10．I don’t know the persons and the things __ they are talking about. 考点二 写作精讲 新闻概要 写作积累 新闻概要的要点一般包括时间、地点、事件、起因、结果和可能的后续活动等。概要的内容只需包括文本中的重要信息或事例,原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语等均可省略,力求语言简明扼要,要点齐全。 概要写作可以分为三个步骤:要点获取、要点转述和要点衔接。 1.要点获取 通过筛选主题句和寻找关键词找出要点。 (1)筛选主题句 主题句是指能够概括整个段落的关键句。通常情况下段落是由主题句和细节句组成的,段落可以是“总—分”或“分—总”的结构。因此一个段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾。 另外,我们也可以特别关注像so、therefore、thus这样的标志词,这些词后往往是作者对前文的总结,很可能就是主题句。 (2)寻找关键词 在实际写作中,我们会发现某些段落并不能直接找出主题句,在这种情况下,可以通过找出段落关键词,进而连词成句,得出段落要点。 2.要点转述 可以从下面四个方向进行转述: (1)同义替换 同义替换指的是用相同意义的单词、短语或者句子代替从原文中找出的要点。 例　在“Scientists from NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to travel around Mars and get information.”中用sent、made、created等代替built,用explore Mars代替travel around Mars and get information。由此,我们得到要点Scientists from NASA sent the Mars Climate Orbiter to explore Mars. (2)语态转换 语态转换就是把句子在主动语态和被动语态之间进行转换。 例　本单元课文THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP中的第一段“Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei...were asleep as usual that night.” 原要点:Strange things were happening, but people thought little of them. 语态转换后的要点:Strange things were happening, but they were ignored. (3)词性改变 在进行要点转述的过程中,由于词汇量或其他原因,可能会遇到某些词很难找到同义词的情况。这时,可以尝试用不同的词性表达相同的意思,如把动词改成名词短语或者把形容词改成名词短语等。 例　Many students experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams, as both their parents and teachers expect them to get high scores. 前半句可以同义转换成Many students are stressed during the exam period,后半句可以将expect改成expectation,这样就得到了转换后的要点:Because of the high expectations from their parents and teachers, many students are stressed during the exam period. (4)句子重构 只有掌握了多种句式,如定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词作状语等,并对不同的句式进行灵活转换,才能写出层次清晰、语言简练的内容概要。概要写作在语言表达上也要求“以简为贵”。 例　原要点:The city hosted the event. It has witnessed many important ceremonies in history. 改写后的要点:The city which has witnessed many important ceremonies in history hosted the event. 3.要点衔接 　　注意要点之间的衔接,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文,优先考虑使用较短的衔接词(如but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however等)。 写作题目 　　阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 　　A 7.1-magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses and cut off power and first-aid material supply in Yushu, Qinghai province on Wednesday. Rescuers have put up more than 40 tents for survivors in Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中) in Yushu. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area populated by some 100,000 people. Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor(轻微地震). In the yard of Yushu's Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in total darkness. Some wrapped themselves up in quilts(被子) taken out of the debris. Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles. The National Meteorological Center of CMA forecast on Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations. The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后的)landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers, and especially machines, to enter the region. In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted(筋疲力尽的) working at a place with an altitude(海拔) of above 4,000 meters. Thousands of rescuers and medical staff members are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. The government, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering money and materials to the region. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  文本分析 1.语篇解读 主题语境:自然灾害与防范 语篇类型:新闻报道 文章大意:青海玉树地震发生后的灾民状况、天气条件以及救灾情况。 2.段落主题 本篇文章为“总—分”结构,第一段概括陈述发生的事件,下面四段分别从几个方面详细阐述该事件。各段的主旨大意如下: 第一段:A 7.1-magnitude quake occurred in Yushu, Qinghai province on Wednesday. 第二段:The survivors relied on the tents. But because there were not enough tents, many people sought temporary shelters or even sat or lay on the ground in darkness. 第三段:The weather will provide favorable conditions for rescue operations. 第四段:The damaged roads cause great difficulties for rescuers and machines to enter the region. The high altitude makes rescuers get exhausted easily. 第五段:A lot of rescuers, medical staff members and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu. 筛选、整合信息,转换表达 　　1.第一段的主旨大意可以概括为要点1。其中的occurred in可以转换表达为　　　　,表示“侵袭”。  2.第二段的主旨大意可以概括为要点2。结合第二段的主旨大意来看,the survivors有三种状态,即　　　　　　、　　　　　　和sat or lay on the ground in darkness,其中sat or lay on the ground in darkness即待在外面,用英文表述为　　　　　　。because there were not enough tents是一个because引导的原因状语从句,可以转换表达为because of短语,not enough可以转换表达为　　　　,表示“有限的”。  3.第三段和第四段的主旨大意可以概括为要点3。第三段描述的是救援的有利因素,第四段描述的是救援的不利因素,重点是突出不利因素,所以有利因素可以用“despite+宾语”来表示,不利因素有两个方面,即　　　　　　和　　　　　　,这两个方面的不利因素对救援造成了很大的困难。  4.第五段的主旨大意可以概括为要点4。要点4是在陈述外界的帮助,所以可以用　　　　与要点3衔接。  连句成篇 　　A 7.1-magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai province on Wednesday.(要点1) The survivors relied on the tents, but because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors.(要点2) Despite the favorable weather conditions, the damaged roads and the high altitude cause great difficulties for the rescue work.(要点3) Luckily, a lot of rescuers, medical staff members and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.(要点4) 一．语法训练 A.将下列句子合并为含定语从句的主从复合句 1.Look at the boy and his dog. I meet them every day on my way to school. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.I live next door to a couple. Their children often make a lot of noise. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.He showed me a photo in his room. The photo was taken in Egypt by his father. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.The city is in ruins. It was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.The man is our new manager. You spoke to him this morning. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  B.用适当的关系代词填空 A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing 　　Mary 1.　　　　　 drawings were shown at the exhibition(展览会) last month is a model student 2.　　　　　 is often praised for her good works at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall, our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3.　　　　　 was hung on the wall in front of us.   The horse 4.　　　　　 is in the drawing is exactly like a real one. The man 5.　　　　　 is riding on it looks like a living man.  It is the best drawing 6.　　　　　 I have ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7.　　　　　 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary is a born painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the person of 8.　　　　　 her school is proud.  C.语法填空 A TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6, 500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004 The most 1 (power) earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami 2 crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, 3 (kill) more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other 4 (country). Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars 5 (sweep) away by huge waves 6 (cause) by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake 7 (strike) around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people 8 (kill). In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of 9 (death) stood at 2,498, and one million more 10 (affect) by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many 11 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found 12 (die) in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were 13 (hurt) and many more were 14 (miss), local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to 15 (safe),” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even 16 (high) over the next few days. Foreign aid is being 17 (organize) for the tsunami-hit countries. 18 , dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make 19 difficult to deliver food and supplies. B 阅读下面课文段落，在空白处填入适当的内容。 Tangshan started to 1 itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the 2 efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people. With great 3 in transportation, industry and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster people must 4 and show the wisdom to stay 5 and rebuild for a brighter future. A committee was 6 to limit damage to Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for 7 from different departments and 8 funds within the international community. Experts 9 issue, conducted several tests, and then made a 10 for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was 11 , and work began in 1960. In order to save this species from 12 , the Chinese government placed it 13 national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from 14 . Bridges and gates were 15 to let antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. C 课本原文填空 But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army send 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were 1 and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to 2 medical care. Workers built shelters for 3 whose homes had been 4 . Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly the city began to 5 again. Tangshan started to 6 itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless 7 of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than several million people, with great 8 in transportation, industry and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of 9 , people must unify and show the 10 to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 二．写作训练 1．假设你是校报记者，请根据下面信息写一篇英文报道，报道Falmont小学师生在地震中成功避险逃生的事迹。 时间地点：3月17日下午2:27，Falmont县；人物：校长Alice Brown及全校476名学生、36名教师；经过：地震时师生迅速躲到桌下、打开门；震动停止后1分20秒内有序撤离到操场；结果：仅5人轻伤，无人死亡；原因：每年两次地震安全演练 要求： 1. 体裁为新闻报道； 2. 词数80词左右； 3. 时态以一般过去时为主。 Students Escaped Safely in Falmont EarthquakeBy Li Hua, School Reporter ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.假定你是李华，今年9月台风“桦加沙”登陆广东对多地造成一定影响。你将为全班同学做一次主题为“How to Deal with Typhoon”的英语演讲。请按以下提示写一篇演讲稿。 要点提示： 1. 台风给人们的生命和财产带来损失； 2. 防台措施： （1）密切关注有关台风的报道，及时采取防范措施； （2）位于低洼地带的人们，务必撤离以防洪涝； （3）…… 3.发出号召。 注意： 1.词数100左右，可以适当增加细节。 参考词汇：财产property；低洼地带 low-lying areas；洪涝灾害flood disaster ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.假设你是晨光中学的李津。近期你所在的城市经历了一次极端大风天气，给市民的生活带来了诸多影响。学校英语社团计划举办一次主题为“Natural Disasters and Safety”的分享会。请你根据以下提示写一篇发言稿，内容包括： (1)描述极端大风天气的影响(如交通延误、树木倾倒、停水停电停学等)； (2)分享应对极端天气的经验或建议(如关门闭窗、留在室内等)； (3)呼吁大家关注气候变化，增强安全意识。 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可以适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：延误 delay 倾倒 fall down 停电 power cut Dear friends, I’m Li Jin. Today, I’d like to talk about the recent extreme windy weather in our city and how we can stay safe during natural disasters. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention! 4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 On July 15, 2014, Ancient Town of Fenghuang, one of China’s most well-known ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the county, forcing tens of thousands of people into leaving the area. Heavy rain and floods lasted for the past few days. Water in the nearby Tuojiang River rose by almost one meter above warning level (警戒线), caused by heavy rainstorms. More than 120,000locals and tourists have been helped to leave there because of the terrible disaster. And more than 4,000 shops in the town have been shut. Several bridges SC over the Tuojiang River have been damaged or destroyed. Water has flowed into many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town, and electricity there has been cut off. About 128,000 people have been affected by the floods. Though the heavy rain has stopped, the popular tourist spot (旅游景点) remains closed for people’s safety. A shoe shop owner named Kuang said the flood was the worst that the town had experienced. “The floods came so quickly that I didn’t have time to move the shoes,” he said sadly. “The flood has led Ancient Town of Fenghuang to become a water town,” said a post on a discussion page on the topic set up on Sina Weibo. “We could only live in an old factory now where many homeless people have to stay together. The crowded space is full of sadness,” Tang said. At least 14 people were killed in flooding in Hunan Province and the neighboring provinces of Jiangxi and Guangxi last month, Xinhua reported. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要 An 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile late on April 2, 2014, cutting power and leading to landslides and a tsunami. Four men and one woman died — two who suffered heart attacks and three who were crushed (压死). About 300 prisoners escaped from the northern port city of Iquique in the immediate aftershock. The quake struck at about 8:46 p. m. local time, some 60 miles northwest of Iquique. It had a depth of 12. 5 miles. Chile’s National Emergency Office asked coastal residents (居民) to leave for safe places. “The fact is that we will know the extent of the damage as time goes by and when we inspect (查看) the areas in the light of day,” Chile’s President Michelle Bachelet said early on Wednesday. “The country has faced these first emergency hours very well.” Residents in the port t city of Antofagasta walked calmly through the streets to higher ground as traffic became heavy in some places. “Many people are fearful after experiencing the powerful earthquake in 2010, so they immediately rushed to higher ground when they heard the tsunami warning,” said a government t official. “There have been lots of aftershocks and communications have been cut off in many of the earthquake-hit areas. So people are waiting in the dark hills, not knowing what is to come, and hoping they will be able to return to their homes safely.” The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center sent out several tsunami warnings, but called off all of them by early Wednesday. Tsunami waves of more than six feet caused by the earthquake washed a shore on the coast of Pisagua, Iquique, with a population of more than 200,000, seeing seven-foot waves. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 On July 15, 2014, Fenghuang Ancient Town, one of China’s most well-known ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the county, forcing tens of thousands of people into leaving the area. Heavy rain and floods lasted for a few days. Water in the nearby Tuojiang River rose above the warning level (警戒水位) due to heavy rainstorms. More than 120,000 locals and tourists were helped to leave there because of the terrible disaster. And more than 4,000 shops in the town were shut. Several bridges over the Tuojiang River were damaged or destroyed. Water flowed into many bars, restaurants and hotels in this ancient town, and electricity there was cut off. About 128,000 people were affected by the floods. Though the heavy rain stopped, the popular tourist spot (旅游景点) remained closed for people’s safety. A shoe shop owner Mr Kuang said the flood was the worst one that the town had experienced. “The floods came so quickly that I didn’t have time to move the shoes,” he said sadly. “The flood has led Fenghuang Ancient Town to become a water town,” a user said in a post on a discussion page on the topic set up on Sina Weibo. “We could only live in an old factory now where many homeless people have to stay together. The crowded space is full of sadness,” a victim said. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.阅读下面材料，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 For nearly 20 years, natural disasters yearly affected about 300 million people and destroyed more than 3 million buildings, causing great damage to China’s economy. Therefore, the disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue for China. To save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. As an important part, the management on disaster information has been strengthened. So far, China has realized the 24-hour monitoring (监控) of disasters all over the country and established an early warning system. These are particularly important to save lives, especially in the case of an earthquake. According to Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Institute, even a three-second early warning can reduce deaths and injuries by 14 percent. Besides, the Chinese government has been raising the public’s awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in an all-round way. Disaster-related knowledge has been included in school textbooks, and general education about disaster prevention and reduction has been given to the public. For example, in the wake of Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government decided to make May 12th “Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day”. Every year, a series of publicity activities is organized with rich content and different forms. Apart from that, the Chinese government has improved social disaster relief system. Concerning relief efforts, the Chinese government has set up a social donation system. This encourages all industries of society to make donations. In addition, related volunteer service has been developed. Under the guidance of the Chinese government, non-governmental organizations, volunteers and social workers all actively join in the cause. They cooperate well with the government in rescue work, such as medical work and supply delivery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $