专题09 Unit4 Natural Disasters 课文篇-【初升高】2025年新高一英语暑期衔接讲义（人教版2019）

Unit4 Natural Disasters 课文篇 ( 单词学习1 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.well 熟词生义 n.井，水井 2.rise and fall起伏，升降 rise （rose,risen） vi.上升；起床 3.crack /kræk/ n.裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.（使）破裂 4.smelly gas 难闻的气味 smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj.有难闻气味的；有臭味的 5.as usual 像往常一样 6.as if 似乎，好像，仿佛 7.come to an end结束 8.directly below正下方 directly /dəˈrektli/adv. 正好地；conj. 一……就…… 9.deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. （deadlier, deadliest）致命的；十足的，彻底的 adv. 极其，非常 10.one third表示"三分之一"。 11.cut across 穿过，通过 12.waterway n.水路，航道 13.in ruins严重受损； 破败不堪 ruin /ˈru:ɪn/ n.& vt.破坏,毁坏 14.the number of... 意为"……的数量",后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 复习a number of...意为"一些/若干……"，后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 15.survivor /səˈvaɪvə（r）/ n.幸存者，生还者 16.percent /pəˈsent/ n.百分之…… 17.gone 熟词生义 adj. 不复存在；用完了18.brick/brɪk/n.［C，U］砖;砖块 19.useless adj.没用的 20.metal/ˈmetl/n.［C，U］金属 21.in shock 震惊；吃惊（通常作表语） 22.electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n.［U］电；电能 electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/adj. 用电的，电的 23.dig out 挖出 24.trap /træp/ vt. （trapped, trapped） 使落入险境 25.bury /ˈberi/ vt. 埋葬；安葬 26.the dead死者；逝者 27.medical care医疗护理 28.breathe /bri:ð / vi.& vt. 呼吸 29.revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ vt.& vi. 复活；（使）苏醒 派生词revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/ n.［C，U］复兴，复苏 30.on one's feet （困境后）恢复，完全复原；痊愈 31.tireless efforts坚持不懈的努力 词链tire （vi. & vt.使疲劳,疲劳）—tired （adj. 疲倦的）—tiring（adj.令人疲劳的）—tireless（adj.） 32.upon 在此可替换为on或onto。 33.be/become （a） home to... 是……的家园/家乡 34.prove to sb. that...向某人证明…… prove /pru:v/ vt. 证明；证实 35.in times of... 在……时期 拓展at times 有时 36.unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ/ vi.& vt. 统一；（使）成一体 unified adj. 统一的 37.wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. ［U］智慧；才智 38.stay positive 保持积极乐观的心态 stay linking verb 保持原状，维持 ( 课文解析 ) 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山市外的天空中出现了耀眼的亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上，城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感!一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民遇难或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，城市里万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。水井满是沙子而非井水。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震侵袭了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，水、食物和电难以获取。人们开始疑惑这场灾难将会持续多久。然而，希望尚存。地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医护人员赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为家园被毁的幸存者盖起了庇护所。数十万人获得了帮助。火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国以及全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极乐观的心态，重建一个更为璀璨的未来。 课文语篇结构 ( 知识解析 ) 1 rescue 教材语境 What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?救援人员和士兵们正在洪灾地区做什么？ 用法详解 （1）n.［U］救援，营救;［C］营救行动 rescue teams/workers/boats 救援队/人员/船只 come/go to sb.'s rescue来/去营救某人；给某人救急 By Thursday, the rescue team from China has saved 6 trapped people in the ruins. 截至周四，中国的救援队已在废墟中救出了6名被困人员。 "Never（否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 ）for a second," the boy says, "did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue."那个男孩说:"我从来没有怀疑过父亲会来救我。" （2）vt.援救，营救 rescue...from...把……从……解救出来 The old man whom they rescued from the fire has been sent to hospital.他们从火灾中救出的那位老人已被送往医院。 语境串记 A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire. The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire.昨天那栋楼里发生了火灾，史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来救援，把这一家人全都从大火中救出来了。 1.语法填空 A real friend is the one who comes ___your rescue in your hour of need. 2.结合rescue的用法完成句子 在海里营救这个溺水的男孩很难，但是救援人员没有放弃任何把他从危险中解救出来的希望。 It was very difficult to _______ the drowning boy in the sea, but the _______________ didn't give up any hope of _________________________. 2 damage 教材语境 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?首尔的哪些建筑物被毁坏了？ 用法详解 （1）vt.损害，毁坏，破坏 be badly/seriously damaged严重受损 My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt.我的车受损严重，但庆幸的是孩子们伤得并不重。 （2）n.［U］（有形的）损失，破坏，损坏；损害，伤害；［pl.］损害赔偿金 suffer damage遭受损伤 do/cause damage to... 对……造成损害/破坏 You can't imagine the damage that the flood has done to our city.你无法想象这次洪水对我们城市造成的破坏。 The woman got damages from the neighbor for the ruined garden fence.那位女士从邻居那里得到了毁坏花园篱笆的赔偿。 1.语法填空 1.I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage our children. 2.David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if the _________ were not paid. 2.完成句子 The reporter is interviewing _________________________________________________________________（一位房子在地震中严重受损的女士）. 3 （destroyed，destroyed） 教材语境2,400 homes destroyed 2 400所房屋被摧毁 用法详解 destroy vt.破坏，摧毁，毁灭。有时也可引申为毁掉信仰、希望等。 be completely/totally destroyed 被彻底摧毁 destroy one's confidence/hope/life毁掉某人的信心/希望/生活 When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books，which are more precious to her than mountains of gold. 当战争临近，艾莉雅担心战争之火会毁掉这些书，对她来说，这些书比大堆的金子更珍贵。 The wrong decision Adam made almost destroyed his life and all his hopes.亚当做出的错误决定几乎毁了他的一生和所有的希望。 相关词语积累： 1.用destroy的适当形式填空 1.____________ of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face. 2.Earthquakes are among the most ___________natural disasters. They can strike without warning. 3.It is reported that the hurricane ______________ 800 homes and about 1 200 square kilometres of land. 4 affect 教材语境82 killed, 500,000 affected 82人死亡，50万人受到影响 用法详解 （1）vt.影响 I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life was affected.我感到很无助和不安全，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。 （2）vt.（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等） be deeply affected by...被……深深打动；为……悲伤 People were deeply affected by the news of the famous scientist Yuan Longping's death.著名科学家袁隆平去世的消息使人们悲伤不已。 （3）vt.（疾病）侵袭，使感染 The disease affects millions of people in the world every year.每年全世界有数百万人感染这种疾病。 5 shelter 教材语境Shelters set up by the government政府建立的避难所 用法详解 （1）n.［C］遮蔽物，庇难处；［C］收容所，庇护所；［U］避难，庇护；居所 set up/put up shelters 建避难所 take shelter from ... 躲避…… under the shelter of ... 在……的庇护下 Our teacher tells us that it's dangerous to stand under the shelter of a tree when it rains in summer.我们的老师告诉我们夏天下雨时躲在树底下是危险的。 （2）vt.保护，掩蔽； vi.躲避（风雨或危险） shelter sb./sth.（from...）保护某人/某物（免受……） shelter from...躲避…… We got lost in the desert and couldn't find a place to shelter ourselves from the sandstorm.我们在沙漠里迷路了，而且找不到躲避沙暴的地方。 We sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。 结合shelter的用法完成句子 1.昨天我在一个公共汽车站避雨，那是一个很好的避雨处。 I ___________________________________________________________ at a bus stop yesterday, which was _______________. 2.他们在体育馆为那些在大火中失去家园的人搭起了庇护所。 They ______________________ in the gym for people who lost their homes in the big fire. 6 ruin 教材语境...a large city lay in ruins.……一座大城市沦为废墟。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］［pl.］废墟，残垣断壁；［U］ 毁坏，毁灭 in ruins严重受损； 破败不堪 the ruins of... ……的遗迹 fall into ruin衰落;毁灭 A destructive 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck the country, leaving many cities in ruins.那个国家发生了破坏性的 7.8级地震，致使许多城市成为废墟。 The ruins of the ancient city are of great cultural value for research in the future.古城遗址对未来的研究具有重要的文化价值。 （2）vt. 毁坏，破坏 ruin one's health/fame/future 损害某人的健康/名誉/前途 Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 谁还没有收到过一封让人心烦到足以毁了一整天的邮件呢？ 辨析比较 ruin/destroy/damage 易混词 区别 ruin vt.& n.使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，且不可修复。 The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, completely ruining. .our plan for a picnic.持续下了几天雨，这彻底破坏了我们的野餐计划。 damage vt. & n.多指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的事物，一般还可修复。 The truck whose engine was damaged yesterday is being repaired in the garage now.昨天发动机被损坏了的那辆卡车现在正在修理厂里修理。 destroy vt. 多指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，往往不可或很难再修复。也可指毁掉某人（的信心、希望等）。 Before the firemen arrived, the whole building had already been completely destroyed in the big fire.在消防队员到达之前，整栋大楼已经在大火中被完全毁掉了。 I don't think his failure in physics can completely destroy his confidence.我认为他在物理上的失败不会完全摧毁他的信心。 一.语法填空 1.When we got home after the heavy rain, our little garden was ruins, plants and flowers all damaged. 2.The Sanxingdui （ruin） belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years. 3.The empty house in the village fell ruin without anyone living there. 二.选词填空：destroy/ruin/damage 1.Thousands of houses _______________ seriously by the storm, and the repair work would last half a month. 2.One of my friends asked me to help him with his lessons this weekend, and this _______ my plan. ③The new bridge was set up to replace（替换） the one which ______________ by floods. 7 shock 教材语境People were in shock... 人们惊恐万状…… 用法详解 （1）n.［C，usually sing.,U］震惊，令人震惊的事物；［U］休克 in shock 震惊,吃惊；处于休克状态 give sb. a shock使某人震惊 come as a shock （to sb.）（让某人）非常震惊 It gave us all a shock/It came as a shock to us when the quietest girl in our class stood up and sang beautifully at the talent show.当我们班上最安静的女孩在才艺表 演中站起来并且唱歌很动听时，我们都大吃一惊。 （2）vt. 使震惊 It shocked me to think how dangerous we had been.想到我们之前那么危险，我心惊肉跳。 I was shocked to see so many valuable things on show in the museum. 看到博物馆里展出这么多珍贵的东西，我感到很震惊。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 It was shocking that Li Ming lost the football match yesterday, and all his fans were also in shock.But what made them more shocked was that he didn't care about it at all. 令人吃惊的是李明输掉了昨天的足球比赛，他所有的球迷们也都很吃惊。但让他们更震惊的是，李明对此根本不在乎。 1.语法填空 1.I was _________ （shock）when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. 2.In my 40 years as a meteorologist （气象学家）, this is one of the most __________（shock） weather events I've ever witnessed. 3.The parents were shocked ______ the news that their son needed an operation（手术） on his knee. （同位语从句） 2.完成句子 1.____________________________________________________（使我震惊的是） my little sister learned to ride my bike so fast, without any help. 2.If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own,you may feel a______________（文化冲击）. 3.Every student was_________（震惊）when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic. 8&9 trap，bury 教材语境...to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ……将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。 trap 用法详解 （1）vt.（trapped, trapped）使陷入困境；使陷入圈套，使中计 be trapped in... 困在……中,陷入……（［近义短语］be/get stuck in... be/get caught in...） trap sb. into （doing） sth.诱使某人（做）某事 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。 （2）n. ［C］（捕捉动物的）陷阱； 圈套; ［usually sing.］困境 lay/set a trap for...为……设下陷阱 fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套 He was trying to decide whether the question was some sort of a trap.他试图判断那个问题是不是个套。 By the time he realizes he has walked into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.当他意识到自己已经落入圈套时，做什么都已经为时过晚了。 1.Think carefully before you answer questions online. You may be trapped _____giving away very important personal information. 2.After the earthquake,many people ______________（trap） in the ruins. Fortunately, the soldiers soon came to their rescue. bury 用法详解 （1）vt.埋葬；埋藏； 覆盖； 遮盖 bury...in...把……埋到……里 bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 Unfortunately, the snowstorm has made thousands of sheep buried in the snow.不幸的是，这场暴风雪已使成千上万只羊被埋在雪中。 Julie buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当朱莉听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。 （2）vt.使陷入；掩藏（感情、错误等） be buried in...=bury oneself in...（［近义］focus on, concentrate on等）专 心致志于…… The scientist buries himself in/is buried in his research and cares little about his clothes and food.这位科学家埋头研究，很少关心自己的衣服和食物。 He had to bury his pain over the years so as not to make his parents worried.这么多年来，他不得不把痛苦掩藏起来，以免让他的父母担心。 1.语法填空 They were shocked to find the painting _______（bury） under the ground for many years in good condition. 2.结合bury的用法完成句子 1.The volcano erupted and the lava（岩浆） poured down the mountain, _______________________（掩埋了几个村庄）. 2.Then at last the tears came. The little girl sank into a chair and ____________________________ （双手掩面）. ③Mr Smith __________________________________________________________（埋头于他的工作）,not even noticing that it was already midnight. 10 breathe 教材语境Slowly, the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 用法详解 breathe/bri:ð / vi.& vt.呼吸 breathe deeply深呼吸;深吸一口气 breathe in吸气；吸入 breathe out 呼气；呼出 The air is too cold for us to breathe.空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。 My brother breathed deeply before speaking again.我弟弟深深地吸了一口气，然后继续说下去。 I opened the window to breathe in some fresh air.我打开窗户呼吸一些新鲜空气。 相关词语积累： 完成句子 1.医生叫他先深吸气，然后慢慢呼气。 The doctor told him to ____________________________________________________. 2.我们到达了山顶，累得上气不接下气。 Tired and______________, we reached the top of the mountain. 3.这个男孩深吸一口气，屏住呼吸跳入游泳池中。 The boy _________________________________________________, and then jumped into the swimming pool. 11 effort 教材语境With strong support from the government and the tireless . .efforts of the city's people...在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下…… 用法详解 （1）n.［C］ 尽力，艰难的尝试。其后常接动词不定式作后置定语。 make efforts/an effort（to do sth.）努力/尽力（做某事） make every effort to do sth.尽全力做某事 in an effort to do sth.为了做某事 With the efforts made by both sides, we began to understand each other better.在双方的努力下，我们开始更加了解对方。（链高考|全国甲卷） The school clubs are making every effort to attract more students. 学校社团正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的学生。 In an effort to cheer him, I clapped my hands, saying, "That was great! You were great!"为了鼓励他，我鼓掌说："太棒了!你很棒!" （2）n.［U,C］气力，努力，费力的事 with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地 put effort into（doing） sth.努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 be well worth the effort 非常值得 Ever since Jean came to China, she has shown great interest in Chinese culture and has put a lot of effort into learning Chinese. 自从琼来到中国，她就对中国文化产生了浓厚的兴趣，并努力学习中文。（新素材|文化自信·中文） Mary's parents spared no effort to have her on her feet.为了使玛丽恢复健康，她的父母想尽了办法。 It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.登顶之路漫漫，虽然费力却很值得。 1.语法填空 Managing the family budget（预算） must have been a very hard task, but my mother made it look _________（effort）. 2.结合effort的用法完成句子 1.尽管面临着许多挑战，但我没有放弃，而是尽全力实现我的梦想。 Though faced with many challenges, I didn't give up but _____________________________________________________. 2.人生是一个奋斗的过程，没有人可以毫不费力地取得成功。 Life is a process of fighting and no one can achieve success ______________. 3.为了赶上她的同班同学,简学习一直非常努力。 Jane has been studying very hard_____________________________her classmates. 12 suffer 教材语境...though they were suffering from terrible injuries...……尽管他们受了重伤…… 用法详解 （1）vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受折磨（常与from连用） suffer from a serious illness 患重病 the loss of memory患失忆症 a headache/toothache受头疼/牙疼之苦 Although Mary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm for life. 玛丽尽管多年来一直遭受重病的折磨，但一点也没有失去对生活的热情。 She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident.自那次车祸以来，她便患了失忆症。 （2）vt.遭受，蒙受（其后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience） Suffer pain/hardship经历痛苦/困苦 a defeat/a loss/punishment遭受失败/损失/惩罚 Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering great pain and discomfort.几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍，周身不舒服。 相关词语积累： 1.用suffer的适当形式填空 It is shocking to see those patients _________ from poverty and diseases and we all want to do something to help those _________ out of their ______________. 2.选择填空：suffer/suffer from 1.The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found _______________ early Alzheimer's（阿尔兹海默症）. 2.Six months after _________ our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to improve. 13 as if引导从句的用法 教材语境It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 用法详解 含义 用法 例句 as if意为"似乎，好像",与as though同义 引导表语从句，常置于系动词look、seem、feel、sound 等之后 When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 当脂肪和盐从食物中去除后，食物尝起来好像少了什么东西。 引导方式状语从句 They look at me as if I came from another planet. 他们看着我就好像我来自别的星球似的。 特别提醒 as if引导的从句一般用虚拟语气（注：表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况，动词是be时，一般用were），但如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，则用陈述语气。 My mother looks as if she were ten years younger.我妈妈看起来好像年轻了10岁。 There are a lot of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it's going to rain.天上有很多乌云，看起来好像要下雨。（陈述语气） 完成句子 1.我们队又进了一球。看起来我们要赢得比赛了。 Our team has scored another goal. It looks ___________________________________. 2.我们的外籍老师中文说得很流利，好像他是中国人一样。 Our foreign teacher speaks Chinese very fluently______________________. 14 "主语+be+adj.（+for sb.）+动词不定式"句型 教材语境①Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行。 ②Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电难以获取。 用法详解 本句型常见 形容词 easy、 difficult、hard、impossible、interesting、pleasant、comfortable、dangerous、heavy、safe、exciting等。（还可用这些形容词的比较级或最高级形式） 注意 （1）动词不定式要用主动形式 （2）若动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。 （3）动词不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用for引出。 This shirt is comfortable to wear and easy to wash.这件衬衫穿起来很舒服，也很容易洗。 The tough situation is really difficult for（for引出逻辑主语a beginner ）a beginner to deal with（with不能少）.这种艰难的局面对新手来说真的很难应付。 语法填空 1.I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy ________（cook）. 2.Machines can perform many tasks which are impossible ____ people to finish. 3.I often miss Jack, an old friend of mine, who everyone thinks is pleasant to get along______. 4.Last week, I bought a bed which was comfortable to sleep____. ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.Have you heard of such natural　　　　(灾害)as floods, droughts and typhoons?  2.The landslide 　　　　(摧毁) many houses and some residents were injured.  二.一词多义 1.Their opinions will not affect my decision.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  2.The disease mainly affected the children under 8.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  3.They were deeply affected by the story of the poor man.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  三.单句语法填空 1.Although he has suffered　　　　　 a serious disease, he is positive.  2.Yuan Longping buried himself 　　　　　the development of the hybrid rice and made great achievements.  3.Many animals are born with the ability to shelter　　　　　danger.  4.Some online cheaters trap middle school students 　　　　　telling their ID numbers.  5.Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and　　　　  (dead), and everything else in between.  6.Most of us 　　　　　(breathe) out heavily when the operation was over and the patient was out of danger.  7.I was in a state of shock when I 　　　　　(rescue).They immediately sent me to the hospital.  8.Now the number of people learning first aid 　　　　　(increase) rapidly.  9.The light is too weak　　　　　 (cause) any damage 　　　　  people's eyes.  10.It shocked the athlete that the medal 　　　　　he won in the championship was lost.  四.选词填空 in shock; make an effort to; come to an end; dig out; in ruins; as if; a flood of 　　A terrible earthquake hit this area. Most buildings lay 1.　　　　　　. People there were 2.　　　　　　 because it seemed 3.　　　　　　 life would 4.　　　　　　.Thanks to the government, soldiers were sent there. Many survivors were 5.　　　　　　 and 6.　　　　　　 supplies were delivered to the disaster⁃stricken area. People there saw hope and 7.　　　　　　rebuild their home.  五.完成句子 1.为了保护青少年免受自然灾害带来的伤害,学校应该为他们提供更多相关的教育。(effort) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the teenagers against natural disasters, schools should give them more related education.  2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖了一头霜和雪。(as if) Her hair grew greyer and greyer, 　　　　 　　　　 　　 　  　　　　 　　　　 　　　　frost and snow. 六.课文语法填空 Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 　1　(rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 　2　(eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 　3　seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 　4　whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people died or got 　5　(injure). People were 　6　(shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 　7　(wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those　8　were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 　9　(survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, 　10　(final) a new Tangshan was built on the earthquake ruins.  ( 单词学习2 ) 1.summary /ˈsʌməri/ n.［C］总结，概括，概要 派生词 summarize vt.& vi.总结，概述 2.release/rɪˈli:s/ vt. 发布,公布；释放 3.deliver/dɪˈlɪvə（r）/ vt. & vi.递送 4.crash into 撞上 crash /kræʃ/ vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击 5.coastline /ˈkəʊstlaɪn/ n.［C］海岸线 6.fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n.［C］渔民 7.sweep away 冲走，吹走；消灭，彻底消除 sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. （swept, swept） （迅猛地）吹走；冲走；打扫；清扫 8.wave /weɪv/ n.［C］ 海浪；波浪 9.strike /straɪk/ vi.& vt.（struck, struck/stricken）侵袭（=hit） 10.some 熟词生义 adv.（用于数词前）大约，差不多（=about/around） 11.the quake centre/center震中 拓展the focus of an earthquake震源 12.stand at sth.达特定水平（或数量、高度等） stand vi. 熟词生义 达特定水平（或数量、高度等） 13.as many as... 多达…… 14.safety n. ［U］ 安全处所 15.be expected to do sth. 预计做某事 16.even adv.更（程度副词） ( 课文解析 ) 每日新闻 海啸侵袭亚洲：6 500余人遇难 罗伯特·伍德豪斯 2004年12月27日，星期一 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6 500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。这场海底地震于周日早上7：00许侵袭了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近的海域。仅那个地区就至少有1 870人死亡。 政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区多达1 900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1 900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位女士钱德拉·特拉维说："我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。" 仍有成千上万人失踪，未来几天，死亡人数预计还将进一步增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 文化百科 2004年东南亚海啸 2004年12月26日，印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛附近海域发生里氏9级地震并引发海啸，造成印度洋沿岸各国人民生命和财产的重大损失。 据分析，这次地震是发生在板块边缘的逆冲型地震。苏门答腊岛以北地区位于印度板块边缘，板块边缘的一个长距离破裂带通过长时间积累，蓄积了巨大的能量，最后这些能量在26日集中释放出来，引发此次大地震。虽然此次地震震级很高，使周边地区都有震感，但对人类威胁最大的是地震引起的海啸。 1 power 教材语境 Go to an open space away from buildings,trees,or power lines. 去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的空地。 用法详解 （1）n.［U］电力供应；能量，能；力量 a power failure/cut停电 a power plant发电厂 wind/solar/nuclear power 风能/太阳能/核能 We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure. 我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。 As is known to all, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。 （2）n.［U］统治，政权；能力；影响力；［U,C,usually pl.］权力 be in power 执政（强调状态） come to power 开始掌权/执政（强调动作） within one's power 在某人能力范围之内 beyond/out of one's power 某人能力所不能及 When the government came to power, he was named Minister of Culture.这届政府上台时，他被任命为了文化部部长。 As your closest friend, I will do everything within my power to help you out.作为你最亲密的朋友，我会尽全力帮你摆脱困境。 She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.她采访了6名身居高位并且颇具影响力的女士。 （3）vt.驱动，推动（机器或车辆） This type of touring car is popular for it is powered by solar panels.这款旅行汽车很受欢迎，因为它由太阳能电池板提供动力。 一.语法填空 A smile is perhaps one of the most common facial expressions and is a _________（power） way of showing positive emotions. 2.完成句子我恐怕在这么短的时间内完成这项工作超出了我的能力范围。 I'm afraid it's ______________________________________________________ in such a short time. 2 calm 教材语境Stay calm.保持镇静。 用法详解 （1）adj. 镇静的，沉着的；（天气）无风的；（海洋）风平浪静的 stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静 When trapped in an elevator, you should stay calm and call for help.当被困在电梯里时，你应该保持冷静并呼救。 The sky is blue, and the sea is calm. 天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。 （2）vt.& vi.（使）平静，（使）镇静 calm...down 使……平静（或安静、镇静） calm down平静,安静,镇静 If you feel nervous or anxious, try taking a deep breath to calm yourself down. 你如果感到紧张或焦虑，试着深呼吸使自己平静下来。 Calm down and you'll find a perfect solution to the problem you are facing now.冷静下来，你会找到一个完美的方案来解决你现在面临的问题。 相关词语积累： 辨析比较 calm/quiet/still/silent 易混词 区别 calm 指人"沉着的，镇静的"，指天气"无风的"，指海洋"风平浪静的"。 quiet "安静的；文静的"，指没有吵闹声、噪声或（人）文静的。 still "静止的"，指人时侧重指某人一动不动地保持一种姿势；指物时表示静止不动。 silent "沉默的，不说话的；无声的"，指人时强调沉默不语；指环境时表示不喧闹的，无声的，常用于故事或事件的描述。 语境串记 When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos of, one should keep still; when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet; when in class, one shouldn't keep silent about teachers' questions.面对危险时要保持镇静;照相时要保持不动;他人睡觉时要保持安静;在课堂上不要对老师的问题保持沉默。 1.完成句子 1.The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked（惊慌）. Thankfully, Jeff _________________________（保持镇静） and turned off the gas quickly. 2.I placed the chick（雏鸟） in the nest, and it quickly ______________（安静下来）. 3 aid 教材语境first aid kit急救箱 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 aid （比help 正式） n.［U］ 援助，救援 物资；帮助 first aid 急救 economic/medical/emergency aid经济/医疗/紧急援助 come/go to one's aid 过来帮某人的忙 in aid of...为了帮助…… with the aid of...=with one's aid在……的帮助下 aid（比help 正式） vi.& vt.援助，帮助 aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb.in （doing） sth. 帮助某人（做）某事 aid sb.with sth.在某方面帮助某人 There is no doubt that his quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved my life.毫无疑问，他的快速反应和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了我的生命。 I couldn't speak French but a kind man came to my aid.我不会说法语，但一个好心人过来帮了我的忙。 With the aid of a neighbour, the little girl managed to put out the fire. 这个小女孩在邻居的帮助下把火扑灭了。 His partner has kept very detailed records, which aid him in his research.他的同伴做了非常详细的记录，这些记录有助于他的研究工作。 Words will be put up around the room to aid students with spelling.单词会张贴在室内各处以帮助学生（学习）拼写。 1.语法填空 1.They collected money ___ aid of the people who had lost their homes in the typhoon. 2.______the aid of the computer, some works like this could be produced in the studio. 3.Because the rain is around the corner, I suggest we aid the farmers________ the harvest. 2.结合aid的用法完成句子 1.Without the knowledge of_________（急救） I learnt, I don't know if I could have been so calm when this happened. 2.My friend believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not________________________________（来帮助她）. 4 crash 教材语境...crashed into coastlines across Asia... ……重创亚洲沿海地带…… 用法详解 （1）vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；（使）猛撞 crash （...） into... （使……） 撞上…… He crashed into the other young man and they both landed on the ground.他撞上了另一个年轻人，结果两个人都摔在地上。 He lost control of his car and crashed it into a wall.他的汽车失去了控制，撞到了墙上。 （2）vi.& vt.（计算机）崩溃； vi. 暴跌 Files can be lost if the computer system suddenly crashes.要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就有可能丢失。 Share prices crashed. .to an all-time low yesterday.昨天股票价格暴跌到了历史最低。 （3）n.［C］相撞，碰撞；暴跌;［usually sing.］碰撞声，破裂声 a train/car crash 火车/汽车撞车事故 a plane/an air crash 飞机失事 There were no survivors in the plane crash last Tuesday.上周二的飞机失事中没有生还者。 Many investors suffered huge losses in the recent stock market crash.许多投资者在最近的股票市场暴跌中损失惨重。 I miss the crash of the waves against the rocks very much.我很想念海浪打在礁石上发出的巨响。 语境串记 He experienced a serious car crash today—his car crashed into another car and let out a loud crash.今天他经历了一起严重的撞车事故——他的车撞上了另一辆车并发出了很大的声响。 1.一辆货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。 A truck went out of control and ______________________________. 2.这个5岁的男孩是115名乘客中唯一从这次严重的飞机失事中幸存下来的人。 The 5-year-old boy was the only one, among the 115 passengers，to survive__________________________. 5 wave 教材语境Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves...渔民、旅客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被……巨浪卷走。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］波浪，海浪；风潮；波；挥手，招手 a wave of...一阵/一股…… radio waves无线电波 give sb.a wave向某人挥手 At night, I listened to the sound of the waves breaking against the shore. 夜里，我倾听着波浪拍岸的声音。 Hearing the good news, Angus felt a wave of excitement flooding through his body. 听到这个好消息，安格斯感到一阵兴奋涌上全身。 Seeing her friend coming out of the station, Monica gave her a wave excitedly.看到朋友走出车站，莫妮卡兴奋地朝她挥手。 （2）vi.& vt.挥手；挥手示意（方向）;vt.挥舞，挥动（手中之物）;vi.飘动,起伏 "He's over there," said Ali, waving his hand towards some trees. "他在那儿，"阿里说着，朝几棵树（的方向）挥了挥手。 Crowds lined the street, waving flags and cheering.人群沿街道排成行，挥舞着旗子欢呼。 The grass and flowers are waving in the breeze.花草在微风中摇曳。 1.Mary would wave______ Benjamin from her window whenever she saw the young boy in the yard. 2.David waved goodbye ___ his parents when he boarded the train. 6 strike（struck，struck/stricken） 教材语境The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.这场海底地震于周日早上7：00许侵袭了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近的海域。 The typhoon struck the north of the country on Saturday, leaving many people homeless. 台风星期六侵袭了该国北部，致使许多人无家可归。 You can't help being struck by her kindness.你禁不住要为她的善良而感动。 It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.我突然意识到，对队里所有的女孩来说，与另一支球队比赛是一个很棒的学习时刻。（链高考|新课标全国Ⅱ卷） The ball struck her hard on the left shoulder.球狠狠地打在了她的左肩上。 The clock was striking eight as we went into the hall. 我们走进大厅时，时钟正敲响8点。 They're striking for a reduction in the working week and improving safety standards.他们举行罢工，要求减少每周工作时间并提高安全标准。 相关词语积累： 结合strike的用法完成句子 1.我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。__________________ I had met him somewhere before. 2.我被黄山的天然美景深深打动了。_______________________the natural beauty of Mount Huangshan. 7 deliver 教材语境However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 用法详解 （1）vt.& vi. 递送，传送 Last summer, I took part in voluntary work, delivering meals to some old people living alone.去年夏天，我参加了志愿工作，为一些独居老人送饭。 （2）vt. 发表，宣布，发布 deliver a speech/lecture发表演讲 The speech delivered by the famous scientist has attracted Daniel's interest in physics.这位著名科学家发表的演讲激发了丹尼尔对物理学的兴趣。 （3）vt.接生，助产 deliver a baby接生婴儿 Her . .baby was delivered by her family doctor.她的孩子是由她的家庭医生接生的。 More takeout and more food___________（deliver） equal more waste, especially plastic waste. 8 effect 用法详解 effect n.［C,U］效应，影响，结果 come into effect开始实施,生效 have a（n）...effect on...对……有……影响 put/bring...into effect实施,实行,使生效 take effect见效,开始起作用;生效,开始实施 in effect事实上,实际上（=in fact） side effects副作用 cause and effect因果 Even unborn babies can feel their mothers' heartbeats and this has a calming effect on them.即使是未出生的婴儿也能感受到他们母亲的心跳，这对他们有镇静作用。 The new law will come into effect/take effect from 1st June.该项新法律自6月1日起生效。 When the medicine started to take effect，the pain in my back eased.当药物开始起作用时，我背部的疼痛减轻了。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 The new traffic rule has come into effect. Now, it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has an effect on people's life in many ways. 新的交通法规已经实施了。现在它开始起作用了。事实上，它在很多方面影响着人们的生活。 1.I'll never forget those years when I lived in the small county with the workers, who have a great effect my life today. 2.Keeping a diary in English is one of the most _________ （effect） ways to improve our English writing ability. 9 length 教材语境A summary should be around one third the length of the original text.概要长度应是原文篇幅的三分之一左右。 用法详解 length n.［C,U］长，长度；（持续）时间的长短 in length 在长度上 The room he has just rented is about 9 meters in length and 3 meters in width.他刚租的房间长约9米，宽约3米。 相关词语积累： 特别提醒 与"long→length→lengthen"变形相似的还有： wide adj.宽的→width n.宽度→widen vt.& vi.（使）变宽 deep adj.深的→depth n.深（度）→deepen vt.& vi.（使）变深 strong adj.强壮的→strength n.力量→strengthen vt.& vi.加强 broad adj.宽阔的→breadth n.宽度→broaden vt.& vi.（使）变宽 1.The area can easily be worked out if you know the _______（long） and the ________（broad）. 2.While running regularly can't make you live forever, it is more effective at ____________（length） life than walking,cycling or swimming. 10 Sb. was doing sth. when... 教材语境I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入屋内。 用法详解 （1）此句型表示"某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……"，句中when作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句通常用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。 （2）when在此句型中表示"这时（突然）"，相当于and then, and just then或and at that time。when可与suddenly连用以加强语气。在此用法中when不能用while替换。 I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. 我正站在车旁，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们人群的中心，开始盘旋。 归纳拓展 when作并列连词时的其他常见句型： We had just finished the task when the machine broke down.我们刚完成任务机器就坏了。 1.Henry ___________（fix） his car when he heard the screams. 2.Tom was about to close the window ______his attention was caught by a bird. 3.Lily had just finished her homework when her mother _______（ask） her to practise the piano. ( 随堂训练2 ) 一.单词拼写 1.A car went out of control and 　　　　(碰撞) into the back of a bus.  2.Dee watched the 　　　　(波浪)breaking against the stones.  二.单句语法填空 1.Once the book you've requested is delivered　　　　　the nearest branch, they will inform you by e⁃mail, so you can pick it up. 2.However, the majority of people are 　　　　　(effect) speakers because they train to be. 3.To build up his strength, he gradually increases the 　　　　　(long) of the runs.  4.As long as we make every effort 　　　　　(solve) the problems, we will surely achieve our goal.  5.Many buildings 　　　　　(sweep) away in the flood last year, which led to many deaths.  6.He found 　　　　　impossible to make it without his teacher's help.  7.He was so pleased with all 　　　　　we had done that he wrote us a letter to praise us.  三.选词填空 carry out; be expected to; in summary; as many as 　　A serious flood hit the town. Many houses and buildings were destroyed. Many people were injured in this disaster but no one died. The rescue work was 1.　　　　　　 by people from all over the country. They built 2.　　　　　　 800 shelters for local people. Supplies 3.　　　　　　 be delivered there in one day. 4.　　　　　　, everything went smoothly and people there saw hope.  四.完成句子 1.海还是安安静静的,好像睡着了一样,没有风,也没有浪。(as if虚拟语气) The sea was still quiet　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, without winds or waves.(读后续写—环境描写)  2.雨开始下得很大,使得难以透过窗户看到她前院的树木。(现在分词作结果状语,make) Rain started to come down hard,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　  　　　　 the trees in her front yard through the window.(读后续写—场景描写)  3.我猛然意识到,对队里所有的女孩儿来说,与另一支球队比赛是一个学习的机会。(strike/hit) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　playing against the other team was an opportunity to learn for all the girls on the team.  4.We were climbing the mountain, and at that time it began to rain.(句型转换,when连接并列分句) →We　　　　 　　　　the mountain 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　to rain.  五.课文语法填空 A tsunami caused by the most 　1　 (power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing over 6,500 people in several 　2　(country). The undersea earthquake 　3　 reached a magnitude of 9.0 occurred around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island, 　4　(cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths stood 　5　 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 people were killed.  Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths 　6　(expect) to grow even 　7　(high). 　8　 foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami⁃hit countries, dangerous conditions and 　9　(damage) roads will make it difficult 　10　 (deliver) food and supplies.  六.语法填空 Droughts Cause Problems for China This summer has brought serious heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, 　1　(include) food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases. The effect of the droughts is likely to be felt for years.   China 　2　(face) with similar problems now, too. It has been troubled by a terrible drought this summer, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the Yangtze River, China's 　3　 (long) river. That has cut the amount(数量) of power 　4　 is produced by the world's largest dam by 40%.   China hasn't been able to produce enough power, since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. In Sichuan Province, the government is closing 　5　 (factory) down because there's not enough energy. The country is trying to make it rain by 　6　 (send) chemicals into clouds, which, however, is 　7　 uncertain and temporary(临时的) measure.   There are no easy ways for any of these droughts. 　8　 has taken years to create the climate problem, and getting it under control will take more time. For now, governments and people will need to 　9　 (careful) manage water supplies and other things 　10　 (stop) the damage.  $$ Unit4 Natural Disasters 课文篇 ( 单词学习1 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.well 熟词生义 n.井，水井 2.rise and fall起伏，升降 rise （rose,risen） vi.上升；起床 3.crack /kræk/ n.裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.（使）破裂 4.smelly gas 难闻的气味 smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj.有难闻气味的；有臭味的 5.as usual 像往常一样 6.as if 似乎，好像，仿佛 7.come to an end结束 8.directly below正下方 directly /dəˈrektli/adv. 正好地；conj. 一……就…… 9.deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. （deadlier, deadliest）致命的；十足的，彻底的 adv. 极其，非常 10.one third表示"三分之一"。 11.cut across 穿过，通过 12.waterway n.水路，航道 13.in ruins严重受损； 破败不堪 ruin /ˈru:ɪn/ n.& vt.破坏,毁坏 14.the number of... 意为"……的数量",后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 复习a number of...意为"一些/若干……"，后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 15.survivor /səˈvaɪvə（r）/ n.幸存者，生还者 16.percent /pəˈsent/ n.百分之…… 17.gone 熟词生义 adj. 不复存在；用完了18.brick/brɪk/n.［C，U］砖;砖块 19.useless adj.没用的 20.metal/ˈmetl/n.［C，U］金属 21.in shock 震惊；吃惊（通常作表语） 22.electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n.［U］电；电能 electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/adj. 用电的，电的 23.dig out 挖出 24.trap /træp/ vt. （trapped, trapped） 使落入险境 25.bury /ˈberi/ vt. 埋葬；安葬 26.the dead死者；逝者 27.medical care医疗护理 28.breathe /bri:ð / vi.& vt. 呼吸 29.revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ vt.& vi. 复活；（使）苏醒 派生词revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/ n.［C，U］复兴，复苏 30.on one's feet （困境后）恢复，完全复原；痊愈 31.tireless efforts坚持不懈的努力 词链tire （vi. & vt.使疲劳,疲劳）—tired （adj. 疲倦的）—tiring（adj.令人疲劳的）—tireless（adj.） 32.upon 在此可替换为on或onto。 33.be/become （a） home to... 是……的家园/家乡 34.prove to sb. that...向某人证明…… prove /pru:v/ vt. 证明；证实 35.in times of... 在……时期 拓展at times 有时 36.unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ/ vi.& vt. 统一；（使）成一体 unified adj. 统一的 37.wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. ［U］智慧；才智 38.stay positive 保持积极乐观的心态 stay linking verb 保持原状，维持 ( 课文解析 ) 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山市外的天空中出现了耀眼的亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上，城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感!一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民遇难或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，城市里万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。水井满是沙子而非井水。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震侵袭了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，水、食物和电难以获取。人们开始疑惑这场灾难将会持续多久。然而，希望尚存。地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医护人员赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为家园被毁的幸存者盖起了庇护所。数十万人获得了帮助。火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国以及全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极乐观的心态，重建一个更为璀璨的未来。 课文语篇结构 【答案】Signs; Strange things; The rescue work; stay positive ( 知识解析 ) 1 rescue 教材语境 What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?救援人员和士兵们正在洪灾地区做什么？ 用法详解 （1）n.［U］救援，营救;［C］营救行动 rescue teams/workers/boats 救援队/人员/船只 come/go to sb.'s rescue来/去营救某人；给某人救急 By Thursday, the rescue team from China has saved 6 trapped people in the ruins. 截至周四，中国的救援队已在废墟中救出了6名被困人员。 "Never（否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 ）for a second," the boy says, "did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue."那个男孩说:"我从来没有怀疑过父亲会来救我。" （2）vt.援救，营救 rescue...from...把……从……解救出来 The old man whom they rescued from the fire has been sent to hospital.他们从火灾中救出的那位老人已被送往医院。 语境串记 A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire. The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire.昨天那栋楼里发生了火灾，史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来救援，把这一家人全都从大火中救出来了。 1.语法填空 A real friend is the one who comes ___your rescue in your hour of need. to 2.结合rescue的用法完成句子 在海里营救这个溺水的男孩很难，但是救援人员没有放弃任何把他从危险中解救出来的希望。 It was very difficult to _______ the drowning boy in the sea, but the _______________ didn't give up any hope of _________________________. rescue，rescue workers，rescuing him from danger 2 damage 教材语境 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?首尔的哪些建筑物被毁坏了？ 用法详解 （1）vt.损害，毁坏，破坏 be badly/seriously damaged严重受损 My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt.我的车受损严重，但庆幸的是孩子们伤得并不重。 （2）n.［U］（有形的）损失，破坏，损坏；损害，伤害；［pl.］损害赔偿金 suffer damage遭受损伤 do/cause damage to... 对……造成损害/破坏 You can't imagine the damage that the flood has done to our city.你无法想象这次洪水对我们城市造成的破坏。 The woman got damages from the neighbor for the ruined garden fence.那位女士从邻居那里得到了毁坏花园篱笆的赔偿。 1.语法填空 1.I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage our children. 2.David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if the _________ were not paid. 1.to 2.damages 2.完成句子 The reporter is interviewing _________________________________________________________________（一位房子在地震中严重受损的女士）. a woman whose house was badly damaged in the earthquake destroy 3 （destroyed，destroyed） 教材语境2,400 homes destroyed 2 400所房屋被摧毁 用法详解 destroy vt.破坏，摧毁，毁灭。有时也可引申为毁掉信仰、希望等。 be completely/totally destroyed 被彻底摧毁 destroy one's confidence/hope/life毁掉某人的信心/希望/生活 When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books，which are more precious to her than mountains of gold. 当战争临近，艾莉雅担心战争之火会毁掉这些书，对她来说，这些书比大堆的金子更珍贵。 The wrong decision Adam made almost destroyed his life and all his hopes.亚当做出的错误决定几乎毁了他的一生和所有的希望。 相关词语积累： 1.用destroy的适当形式填空 1.____________ of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face. 2.Earthquakes are among the most ___________natural disasters. They can strike without warning. 3.It is reported that the hurricane ______________ 800 homes and about 1 200 square kilometres of land. 1.Destruction 2.destructive 3.has destroyed 4 affect 教材语境82 killed, 500,000 affected 82人死亡，50万人受到影响 用法详解 （1）vt.影响 I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life was affected.我感到很无助和不安全，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。 （2）vt.（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等） be deeply affected by...被……深深打动；为……悲伤 People were deeply affected by the news of the famous scientist Yuan Longping's death.著名科学家袁隆平去世的消息使人们悲伤不已。 （3）vt.（疾病）侵袭，使感染 The disease affects millions of people in the world every year.每年全世界有数百万人感染这种疾病。 5 shelter 教材语境Shelters set up by the government政府建立的避难所 用法详解 （1）n.［C］遮蔽物，庇难处；［C］收容所，庇护所；［U］避难，庇护；居所 set up/put up shelters 建避难所 take shelter from ... 躲避…… under the shelter of ... 在……的庇护下 Our teacher tells us that it's dangerous to stand under the shelter of a tree when it rains in summer.我们的老师告诉我们夏天下雨时躲在树底下是危险的。 （2）vt.保护，掩蔽； vi.躲避（风雨或危险） shelter sb./sth.（from...）保护某人/某物（免受……） shelter from...躲避…… We got lost in the desert and couldn't find a place to shelter ourselves from the sandstorm.我们在沙漠里迷路了，而且找不到躲避沙暴的地方。 We sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。 结合shelter的用法完成句子 1.昨天我在一个公共汽车站避雨，那是一个很好的避雨处。 I ___________________________________________________________ at a bus stop yesterday, which was _______________. 2.他们在体育馆为那些在大火中失去家园的人搭起了庇护所。 They ______________________ in the gym for people who lost their homes in the big fire. 1.took shelter from the rain或sheltered （myself） from the rain，a good shelter 2.set up/put up shelters 6 ruin 教材语境...a large city lay in ruins.……一座大城市沦为废墟。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］［pl.］废墟，残垣断壁；［U］ 毁坏，毁灭 in ruins严重受损； 破败不堪 the ruins of... ……的遗迹 fall into ruin衰落;毁灭 A destructive 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck the country, leaving many cities in ruins.那个国家发生了破坏性的 7.8级地震，致使许多城市成为废墟。 The ruins of the ancient city are of great cultural value for research in the future.古城遗址对未来的研究具有重要的文化价值。 （2）vt. 毁坏，破坏 ruin one's health/fame/future 损害某人的健康/名誉/前途 Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 谁还没有收到过一封让人心烦到足以毁了一整天的邮件呢？ 辨析比较 ruin/destroy/damage 易混词 区别 ruin vt.& n.使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，且不可修复。 The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, completely ruining. .our plan for a picnic.持续下了几天雨，这彻底破坏了我们的野餐计划。 damage vt. & n.多指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的事物，一般还可修复。 The truck whose engine was damaged yesterday is being repaired in the garage now.昨天发动机被损坏了的那辆卡车现在正在修理厂里修理。 destroy vt. 多指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，往往不可或很难再修复。也可指毁掉某人（的信心、希望等）。 Before the firemen arrived, the whole building had already been completely destroyed in the big fire.在消防队员到达之前，整栋大楼已经在大火中被完全毁掉了。 I don't think his failure in physics can completely destroy his confidence.我认为他在物理上的失败不会完全摧毁他的信心。 一.语法填空 1.When we got home after the heavy rain, our little garden was ruins, plants and flowers all damaged. 2.The Sanxingdui （ruin） belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years. 3.The empty house in the village fell ruin without anyone living there. 1.in 2.ruins 3.into 二.选词填空：destroy/ruin/damage 1.Thousands of houses _______________ seriously by the storm, and the repair work would last half a month. 2.One of my friends asked me to help him with his lessons this weekend, and this _______ my plan. ③The new bridge was set up to replace（替换） the one which ______________ by floods. 1.were damaged 2.ruined 3.was destroyed 7 shock 教材语境People were in shock... 人们惊恐万状…… 用法详解 （1）n.［C，usually sing.,U］震惊，令人震惊的事物；［U］休克 in shock 震惊,吃惊；处于休克状态 give sb. a shock使某人震惊 come as a shock （to sb.）（让某人）非常震惊 It gave us all a shock/It came as a shock to us when the quietest girl in our class stood up and sang beautifully at the talent show.当我们班上最安静的女孩在才艺表 演中站起来并且唱歌很动听时，我们都大吃一惊。 （2）vt. 使震惊 It shocked me to think how dangerous we had been.想到我们之前那么危险，我心惊肉跳。 I was shocked to see so many valuable things on show in the museum. 看到博物馆里展出这么多珍贵的东西，我感到很震惊。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 It was shocking that Li Ming lost the football match yesterday, and all his fans were also in shock.But what made them more shocked was that he didn't care about it at all. 令人吃惊的是李明输掉了昨天的足球比赛，他所有的球迷们也都很吃惊。但让他们更震惊的是，李明对此根本不在乎。 1.语法填空 1.I was _________ （shock）when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. 2.In my 40 years as a meteorologist （气象学家）, this is one of the most __________（shock） weather events I've ever witnessed. 3.The parents were shocked ______ the news that their son needed an operation（手术） on his knee. （同位语从句） 1.shocked 2.shocking 3.at/by 2.完成句子 1.____________________________________________________（使我震惊的是） my little sister learned to ride my bike so fast, without any help. 2.If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own,you may feel a______________（文化冲击）. 3.Every student was_________（震惊）when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic. 1.It shocked me that或What made me shocked was that 2.culture shock 3.in shock 8&9 trap，bury 教材语境...to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ……将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。 trap 用法详解 （1）vt.（trapped, trapped）使陷入困境；使陷入圈套，使中计 be trapped in... 困在……中,陷入……（［近义短语］be/get stuck in... be/get caught in...） trap sb. into （doing） sth.诱使某人（做）某事 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。 （2）n. ［C］（捕捉动物的）陷阱； 圈套; ［usually sing.］困境 lay/set a trap for...为……设下陷阱 fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套 He was trying to decide whether the question was some sort of a trap.他试图判断那个问题是不是个套。 By the time he realizes he has walked into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.当他意识到自己已经落入圈套时，做什么都已经为时过晚了。 1.Think carefully before you answer questions online. You may be trapped _____giving away very important personal information. 2.After the earthquake,many people ______________（trap） in the ruins. Fortunately, the soldiers soon came to their rescue. 1.into 2.were trapped bury 用法详解 （1）vt.埋葬；埋藏； 覆盖； 遮盖 bury...in...把……埋到……里 bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 Unfortunately, the snowstorm has made thousands of sheep buried in the snow.不幸的是，这场暴风雪已使成千上万只羊被埋在雪中。 Julie buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当朱莉听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。 （2）vt.使陷入；掩藏（感情、错误等） be buried in...=bury oneself in...（［近义］focus on, concentrate on等）专 心致志于…… The scientist buries himself in/is buried in his research and cares little about his clothes and food.这位科学家埋头研究，很少关心自己的衣服和食物。 He had to bury his pain over the years so as not to make his parents worried.这么多年来，他不得不把痛苦掩藏起来，以免让他的父母担心。 1.语法填空 They were shocked to find the painting _______（bury） under the ground for many years in good condition. buried 2.结合bury的用法完成句子 1.The volcano erupted and the lava（岩浆） poured down the mountain, _______________________（掩埋了几个村庄）. 2.Then at last the tears came. The little girl sank into a chair and ____________________________ （双手掩面）. ③Mr Smith __________________________________________________________（埋头于他的工作）,not even noticing that it was already midnight. 1.burying several villages 2.buried her face in her hands 3.（had） buried himself in his work或was buried in his work 10 breathe 教材语境Slowly, the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 用法详解 breathe/bri:ð / vi.& vt.呼吸 breathe deeply深呼吸;深吸一口气 breathe in吸气；吸入 breathe out 呼气；呼出 The air is too cold for us to breathe.空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。 My brother breathed deeply before speaking again.我弟弟深深地吸了一口气，然后继续说下去。 I opened the window to breathe in some fresh air.我打开窗户呼吸一些新鲜空气。 相关词语积累： 完成句子 1.医生叫他先深吸气，然后慢慢呼气。 The doctor told him to ____________________________________________________. 2.我们到达了山顶，累得上气不接下气。 Tired and______________, we reached the top of the mountain. 3.这个男孩深吸一口气，屏住呼吸跳入游泳池中。 The boy _________________________________________________, and then jumped into the swimming pool. 1.breathe （in） deeply first and then breathe out slowly 2.out of breath 3.took a deep breath/breathed deeply, held his breath 11 effort 教材语境With strong support from the government and the tireless . .efforts of the city's people...在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下…… 用法详解 （1）n.［C］ 尽力，艰难的尝试。其后常接动词不定式作后置定语。 make efforts/an effort（to do sth.）努力/尽力（做某事） make every effort to do sth.尽全力做某事 in an effort to do sth.为了做某事 With the efforts made by both sides, we began to understand each other better.在双方的努力下，我们开始更加了解对方。（链高考|全国甲卷） The school clubs are making every effort to attract more students. 学校社团正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的学生。 In an effort to cheer him, I clapped my hands, saying, "That was great! You were great!"为了鼓励他，我鼓掌说："太棒了!你很棒!" （2）n.［U,C］气力，努力，费力的事 with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地 put effort into（doing） sth.努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 be well worth the effort 非常值得 Ever since Jean came to China, she has shown great interest in Chinese culture and has put a lot of effort into learning Chinese. 自从琼来到中国，她就对中国文化产生了浓厚的兴趣，并努力学习中文。（新素材|文化自信·中文） Mary's parents spared no effort to have her on her feet.为了使玛丽恢复健康，她的父母想尽了办法。 It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.登顶之路漫漫，虽然费力却很值得。 1.语法填空 Managing the family budget（预算） must have been a very hard task, but my mother made it look _________（effort）. effortless 2.结合effort的用法完成句子 1.尽管面临着许多挑战，但我没有放弃，而是尽全力实现我的梦想。 Though faced with many challenges, I didn't give up but _____________________________________________________. 2.人生是一个奋斗的过程，没有人可以毫不费力地取得成功。 Life is a process of fighting and no one can achieve success ______________. 3.为了赶上她的同班同学,简学习一直非常努力。 Jane has been studying very hard_____________________________her classmates. 1.spared no effort/made every effort to realize my dream 2.without effort 3.in an effort to catch up with 12 suffer 教材语境...though they were suffering from terrible injuries...……尽管他们受了重伤…… 用法详解 （1）vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受折磨（常与from连用） suffer from a serious illness 患重病 the loss of memory患失忆症 a headache/toothache受头疼/牙疼之苦 Although Mary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm for life. 玛丽尽管多年来一直遭受重病的折磨，但一点也没有失去对生活的热情。 She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident.自那次车祸以来，她便患了失忆症。 （2）vt.遭受，蒙受（其后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience） Suffer pain/hardship经历痛苦/困苦 a defeat/a loss/punishment遭受失败/损失/惩罚 Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering great pain and discomfort.几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍，周身不舒服。 相关词语积累： 1.用suffer的适当形式填空 It is shocking to see those patients _________ from poverty and diseases and we all want to do something to help those _________ out of their ______________. 1.suffering，sufferers，suffering（s） 2.选择填空：suffer/suffer from 1.The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found _______________ early Alzheimer's（阿尔兹海默症）. suffering from 2.Six months after _________ our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to improve. suffering 13 as if引导从句的用法 教材语境It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 用法详解 含义 用法 例句 as if意为"似乎，好像",与as though同义 引导表语从句，常置于系动词look、seem、feel、sound 等之后 When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 当脂肪和盐从食物中去除后，食物尝起来好像少了什么东西。 引导方式状语从句 They look at me as if I came from another planet. 他们看着我就好像我来自别的星球似的。 特别提醒 as if引导的从句一般用虚拟语气（注：表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况，动词是be时，一般用were），但如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，则用陈述语气。 My mother looks as if she were ten years younger.我妈妈看起来好像年轻了10岁。 There are a lot of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it's going to rain.天上有很多乌云，看起来好像要下雨。（陈述语气） 完成句子 1.我们队又进了一球。看起来我们要赢得比赛了。 Our team has scored another goal. It looks ___________________________________. 2.我们的外籍老师中文说得很流利，好像他是中国人一样。 Our foreign teacher speaks Chinese very fluently______________________. 1.as if we are going to win the game 2.as if he were Chinese 14 "主语+be+adj.（+for sb.）+动词不定式"句型 教材语境①Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行。 ②Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电难以获取。 用法详解 本句型常见 形容词 easy、 difficult、hard、impossible、interesting、pleasant、comfortable、dangerous、heavy、safe、exciting等。（还可用这些形容词的比较级或最高级形式） 注意 （1）动词不定式要用主动形式 （2）若动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。 （3）动词不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用for引出。 This shirt is comfortable to wear and easy to wash.这件衬衫穿起来很舒服，也很容易洗。 The tough situation is really difficult for（for引出逻辑主语a beginner ）a beginner to deal with（with不能少）.这种艰难的局面对新手来说真的很难应付。 语法填空 1.I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy ________（cook）. 2.Machines can perform many tasks which are impossible ____ people to finish. 3.I often miss Jack, an old friend of mine, who everyone thinks is pleasant to get along______. 4.Last week, I bought a bed which was comfortable to sleep____. 1.to cook 2.for 3.with 4.on ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.Have you heard of such natural　　　　(灾害)as floods, droughts and typhoons?  2.The landslide 　　　　(摧毁) many houses and some residents were injured.  1.disasters　2.destroyed 二.一词多义 1.Their opinions will not affect my decision.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  2.The disease mainly affected the children under 8.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  3.They were deeply affected by the story of the poor man.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  1.动词;影响　句意:他们的意见不会影响我的决定。 2.动词;(疾病)侵袭　句意:这种疾病主要侵袭8岁以下的孩子。 3.动词;深深打动　句意:他们被那个可怜男人的故事深深打动了。 三.单句语法填空 1.Although he has suffered　　　　　 a serious disease, he is positive.  2.Yuan Longping buried himself 　　　　　the development of the hybrid rice and made great achievements.  3.Many animals are born with the ability to shelter　　　　　danger.  4.Some online cheaters trap middle school students 　　　　　telling their ID numbers.  5.Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and　　　　  (dead), and everything else in between.  6.Most of us 　　　　　(breathe) out heavily when the operation was over and the patient was out of danger.  7.I was in a state of shock when I 　　　　　(rescue).They immediately sent me to the hospital.  8.Now the number of people learning first aid 　　　　　(increase) rapidly.  9.The light is too weak　　　　　 (cause) any damage 　　　　  people's eyes.  10.It shocked the athlete that the medal 　　　　　he won in the championship was lost.  1.from　考查介词。句意:虽然他得了很严重的病,但是他很乐观。suffer from后接表示疾病的名词,表示“患……病”。故填from。 2.in　考查介词。bury oneself in...表示“专心致志于……”,故填介词in。句意:袁隆平专心致志于杂交水稻的发展,取得了巨大成就。 3.from　考查介词。句意:很多动物天生就有躲避危险的能力。shelter from...意为“躲避……”。 4.into　考查介词。trap sb. into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事。故填into。句意:一些网络骗子诱骗中学生说出他们的身份证号。 5.death　考查名词。句意:舞蹈表达爱与恨,欢乐与悲伤,生与死,以及其他介于两者之间的一切。love and hate、joy and sorrow、life and　　　为三个并列的结构,这三个结构都是由and连接两个名词构成的,所以设空处也应用名词,根据语境可知填death。  6.breathed　考查动词的时态。句意:当手术结束,病人脱离危险时,我们大部分人深深地呼了一口气。分析句子结构可知,设空处在主句中作谓语,根据时间状语从句的时态(一般过去时)可知,主句应该用一般过去时,故填breathed。 7.was rescued　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:我获救时已休克。他们立即把我送到了医院。根据前面的was可知此处应用一般过去时,且I(第一人称)和rescue之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was rescued。 8.is increasing　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,主语为“the number of people”,谓语动词需用单数形式;结合开头的Now可知此处表示“现在学习急救的人的数量正在快速增加”,需用现在进行时,故填is increasing。 9.to cause;to　考查too...to...结构及damage的固定搭配。句意:这种光太弱了,对人的眼睛产生不了什么伤害。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”;cause damage to...意为“对……造成伤害”。故第一空填不定式to cause,第二空填介词to。 10.that/which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,后面内容缺少won的宾语,且空前的名词medal就是won的宾语,故设空处引导定语从句,关系词在从句中作宾语,指物,故填that或which。句意:他在锦标赛中获得的奖牌丢失了,这让这位运动员感到震惊。 四.选词填空 in shock; make an effort to; come to an end; dig out; in ruins; as if; a flood of 　　A terrible earthquake hit this area. Most buildings lay 1.　　　　　　. People there were 2.　　　　　　 because it seemed 3.　　　　　　 life would 4.　　　　　　.Thanks to the government, soldiers were sent there. Many survivors were 5.　　　　　　 and 6.　　　　　　 supplies were delivered to the disaster⁃stricken area. People there saw hope and 7.　　　　　　rebuild their home.  1.in ruins　2.in shock　3.as if　4.come to an end5.dug out　6.a flood of　7.made an effort to 五.完成句子 1.为了保护青少年免受自然灾害带来的伤害,学校应该为他们提供更多相关的教育。(effort) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the teenagers against natural disasters, schools should give them more related education.  2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖了一头霜和雪。(as if) Her hair grew greyer and greyer, 　　　　 　　　　 　　 　  　　　　 　　　　 　　　　frost and snow. 1.In an effort to protect　2.as if it were covered with 六.课文语法填空 Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 　1　(rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 　2　(eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 　3　seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 　4　whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people died or got 　5　(injure). People were 　6　(shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 　7　(wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those　8　were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 　9　(survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, 　10　(final) a new Tangshan was built on the earthquake ruins.  1.rose　考查动词的时态。根据上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此处讲的是唐山大地震前的情况,为过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填rose。 2.to eat　考查不定式。句意:鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”,此处需填不定式作结果状语。故填to eat。 3.It　考查代词。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了! 4.the　考查冠词。句意:不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟……。此处特指整个城市,需要在whole前加定冠词the。 5.injured　考查过去分词。get injured意为“受伤”。故填injured。 6.shocked　考查形容词。主语为People,设空处作表语,故用形容词shocked。be shocked at...意为“对……感到震惊”。 7.wondering　考查现在分词。句意:人们深陷困境,想知道这场灾难要持续多久。设空处前面已有谓语got into,且逗号后无连词,故设空处应为非谓语动词。wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。 8.who　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为代词those,“　8　 were trapped”中缺主语(设空处后面为谓语),且将前面的those作为主语代入后面发现意思合理,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,指代先行词those,指人,故填who。  9.survivors　考查名词复数。survivor意为“幸存者”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,所以用复数形式。故填survivors。 10.finally　考查副词。设空处后是一个完整的句子,提示词是形容词,所以用副词作状语,故填finally。 ( 单词学习2 ) 1.summary /ˈsʌməri/ n.［C］总结，概括，概要 派生词 summarize vt.& vi.总结，概述 2.release/rɪˈli:s/ vt. 发布,公布；释放 3.deliver/dɪˈlɪvə（r）/ vt. & vi.递送 4.crash into 撞上 crash /kræʃ/ vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击 5.coastline /ˈkəʊstlaɪn/ n.［C］海岸线 6.fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n.［C］渔民 7.sweep away 冲走，吹走；消灭，彻底消除 sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. （swept, swept） （迅猛地）吹走；冲走；打扫；清扫 8.wave /weɪv/ n.［C］ 海浪；波浪 9.strike /straɪk/ vi.& vt.（struck, struck/stricken）侵袭（=hit） 10.some 熟词生义 adv.（用于数词前）大约，差不多（=about/around） 11.the quake centre/center震中 拓展the focus of an earthquake震源 12.stand at sth.达特定水平（或数量、高度等） stand vi. 熟词生义 达特定水平（或数量、高度等） 13.as many as... 多达…… 14.safety n. ［U］ 安全处所 15.be expected to do sth. 预计做某事 16.even adv.更（程度副词） ( 课文解析 ) 每日新闻 海啸侵袭亚洲：6 500余人遇难 罗伯特·伍德豪斯 2004年12月27日，星期一 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6 500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。这场海底地震于周日早上7：00许侵袭了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近的海域。仅那个地区就至少有1 870人死亡。 政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区多达1 900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1 900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位女士钱德拉·特拉维说："我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。" 仍有成千上万人失踪，未来几天，死亡人数预计还将进一步增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 文化百科 2004年东南亚海啸 2004年12月26日，印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛附近海域发生里氏9级地震并引发海啸，造成印度洋沿岸各国人民生命和财产的重大损失。 据分析，这次地震是发生在板块边缘的逆冲型地震。苏门答腊岛以北地区位于印度板块边缘，板块边缘的一个长距离破裂带通过长时间积累，蓄积了巨大的能量，最后这些能量在26日集中释放出来，引发此次大地震。虽然此次地震震级很高，使周边地区都有震感，但对人类威胁最大的是地震引起的海啸。 1 power 教材语境 Go to an open space away from buildings,trees,or power lines. 去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的空地。 用法详解 （1）n.［U］电力供应；能量，能；力量 a power failure/cut停电 a power plant发电厂 wind/solar/nuclear power 风能/太阳能/核能 We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure. 我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。 As is known to all, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。 （2）n.［U］统治，政权；能力；影响力；［U,C,usually pl.］权力 be in power 执政（强调状态） come to power 开始掌权/执政（强调动作） within one's power 在某人能力范围之内 beyond/out of one's power 某人能力所不能及 When the government came to power, he was named Minister of Culture.这届政府上台时，他被任命为了文化部部长。 As your closest friend, I will do everything within my power to help you out.作为你最亲密的朋友，我会尽全力帮你摆脱困境。 She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.她采访了6名身居高位并且颇具影响力的女士。 （3）vt.驱动，推动（机器或车辆） This type of touring car is popular for it is powered by solar panels.这款旅行汽车很受欢迎，因为它由太阳能电池板提供动力。 一.语法填空 A smile is perhaps one of the most common facial expressions and is a _________（power） way of showing positive emotions. powerful 2.完成句子我恐怕在这么短的时间内完成这项工作超出了我的能力范围。 I'm afraid it's ______________________________________________________ in such a short time. beyond/out of/not within my power to get the work done 2 calm 教材语境Stay calm.保持镇静。 用法详解 （1）adj. 镇静的，沉着的；（天气）无风的；（海洋）风平浪静的 stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静 When trapped in an elevator, you should stay calm and call for help.当被困在电梯里时，你应该保持冷静并呼救。 The sky is blue, and the sea is calm. 天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。 （2）vt.& vi.（使）平静，（使）镇静 calm...down 使……平静（或安静、镇静） calm down平静,安静,镇静 If you feel nervous or anxious, try taking a deep breath to calm yourself down. 你如果感到紧张或焦虑，试着深呼吸使自己平静下来。 Calm down and you'll find a perfect solution to the problem you are facing now.冷静下来，你会找到一个完美的方案来解决你现在面临的问题。 相关词语积累： 辨析比较 calm/quiet/still/silent 易混词 区别 calm 指人"沉着的，镇静的"，指天气"无风的"，指海洋"风平浪静的"。 quiet "安静的；文静的"，指没有吵闹声、噪声或（人）文静的。 still "静止的"，指人时侧重指某人一动不动地保持一种姿势；指物时表示静止不动。 silent "沉默的，不说话的；无声的"，指人时强调沉默不语；指环境时表示不喧闹的，无声的，常用于故事或事件的描述。 语境串记 When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos of, one should keep still; when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet; when in class, one shouldn't keep silent about teachers' questions.面对危险时要保持镇静;照相时要保持不动;他人睡觉时要保持安静;在课堂上不要对老师的问题保持沉默。 1.完成句子 1.The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked（惊慌）. Thankfully, Jeff _________________________（保持镇静） and turned off the gas quickly. 2.I placed the chick（雏鸟） in the nest, and it quickly ______________（安静下来）. 1.stayed/kept/remained calm 2.calmed down 3 aid 教材语境first aid kit急救箱 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 aid （比help 正式） n.［U］ 援助，救援 物资；帮助 first aid 急救 economic/medical/emergency aid经济/医疗/紧急援助 come/go to one's aid 过来帮某人的忙 in aid of...为了帮助…… with the aid of...=with one's aid在……的帮助下 aid（比help 正式） vi.& vt.援助，帮助 aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb.in （doing） sth. 帮助某人（做）某事 aid sb.with sth.在某方面帮助某人 There is no doubt that his quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved my life.毫无疑问，他的快速反应和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了我的生命。 I couldn't speak French but a kind man came to my aid.我不会说法语，但一个好心人过来帮了我的忙。 With the aid of a neighbour, the little girl managed to put out the fire. 这个小女孩在邻居的帮助下把火扑灭了。 His partner has kept very detailed records, which aid him in his research.他的同伴做了非常详细的记录，这些记录有助于他的研究工作。 Words will be put up around the room to aid students with spelling.单词会张贴在室内各处以帮助学生（学习）拼写。 1.语法填空 1.They collected money ___ aid of the people who had lost their homes in the typhoon. 2.______the aid of the computer, some works like this could be produced in the studio. 3.Because the rain is around the corner, I suggest we aid the farmers________ the harvest. 1.in 2.With 3.with/in 2.结合aid的用法完成句子 1.Without the knowledge of_________（急救） I learnt, I don't know if I could have been so calm when this happened. 2.My friend believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not________________________________（来帮助她）. 1.first aid 2.come/gone to her aid或aided her 4 crash 教材语境...crashed into coastlines across Asia... ……重创亚洲沿海地带…… 用法详解 （1）vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；（使）猛撞 crash （...） into... （使……） 撞上…… He crashed into the other young man and they both landed on the ground.他撞上了另一个年轻人，结果两个人都摔在地上。 He lost control of his car and crashed it into a wall.他的汽车失去了控制，撞到了墙上。 （2）vi.& vt.（计算机）崩溃； vi. 暴跌 Files can be lost if the computer system suddenly crashes.要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就有可能丢失。 Share prices crashed. .to an all-time low yesterday.昨天股票价格暴跌到了历史最低。 （3）n.［C］相撞，碰撞；暴跌;［usually sing.］碰撞声，破裂声 a train/car crash 火车/汽车撞车事故 a plane/an air crash 飞机失事 There were no survivors in the plane crash last Tuesday.上周二的飞机失事中没有生还者。 Many investors suffered huge losses in the recent stock market crash.许多投资者在最近的股票市场暴跌中损失惨重。 I miss the crash of the waves against the rocks very much.我很想念海浪打在礁石上发出的巨响。 语境串记 He experienced a serious car crash today—his car crashed into another car and let out a loud crash.今天他经历了一起严重的撞车事故——他的车撞上了另一辆车并发出了很大的声响。 1.一辆货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。 A truck went out of control and ______________________________. 2.这个5岁的男孩是115名乘客中唯一从这次严重的飞机失事中幸存下来的人。 The 5-year-old boy was the only one, among the 115 passengers，to survive__________________________. 1.crashed into the back of a bus 2.the terrible plane/air crash 5 wave 教材语境Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves...渔民、旅客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被……巨浪卷走。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］波浪，海浪；风潮；波；挥手，招手 a wave of...一阵/一股…… radio waves无线电波 give sb.a wave向某人挥手 At night, I listened to the sound of the waves breaking against the shore. 夜里，我倾听着波浪拍岸的声音。 Hearing the good news, Angus felt a wave of excitement flooding through his body. 听到这个好消息，安格斯感到一阵兴奋涌上全身。 Seeing her friend coming out of the station, Monica gave her a wave excitedly.看到朋友走出车站，莫妮卡兴奋地朝她挥手。 （2）vi.& vt.挥手；挥手示意（方向）;vt.挥舞，挥动（手中之物）;vi.飘动,起伏 "He's over there," said Ali, waving his hand towards some trees. "他在那儿，"阿里说着，朝几棵树（的方向）挥了挥手。 Crowds lined the street, waving flags and cheering.人群沿街道排成行，挥舞着旗子欢呼。 The grass and flowers are waving in the breeze.花草在微风中摇曳。 1.Mary would wave______ Benjamin from her window whenever she saw the young boy in the yard. 2.David waved goodbye ___ his parents when he boarded the train. 1.at/to 2.to 6 strike（struck，struck/stricken） 教材语境The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.这场海底地震于周日早上7：00许侵袭了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近的海域。 The typhoon struck the north of the country on Saturday, leaving many people homeless. 台风星期六侵袭了该国北部，致使许多人无家可归。 You can't help being struck by her kindness.你禁不住要为她的善良而感动。 It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.我突然意识到，对队里所有的女孩来说，与另一支球队比赛是一个很棒的学习时刻。（链高考|新课标全国Ⅱ卷） The ball struck her hard on the left shoulder.球狠狠地打在了她的左肩上。 The clock was striking eight as we went into the hall. 我们走进大厅时，时钟正敲响8点。 They're striking for a reduction in the working week and improving safety standards.他们举行罢工，要求减少每周工作时间并提高安全标准。 相关词语积累： 结合strike的用法完成句子 1.我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。__________________ I had met him somewhere before. 2.我被黄山的天然美景深深打动了。_______________________the natural beauty of Mount Huangshan. 1.It struck me that 2.I was deeply struck by 7 deliver 教材语境However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 用法详解 （1）vt.& vi. 递送，传送 Last summer, I took part in voluntary work, delivering meals to some old people living alone.去年夏天，我参加了志愿工作，为一些独居老人送饭。 （2）vt. 发表，宣布，发布 deliver a speech/lecture发表演讲 The speech delivered by the famous scientist has attracted Daniel's interest in physics.这位著名科学家发表的演讲激发了丹尼尔对物理学的兴趣。 （3）vt.接生，助产 deliver a baby接生婴儿 Her . .baby was delivered by her family doctor.她的孩子是由她的家庭医生接生的。 More takeout and more food___________（deliver） equal more waste, especially plastic waste. delivery 8 effect 用法详解 effect n.［C,U］效应，影响，结果 come into effect开始实施,生效 have a（n）...effect on...对……有……影响 put/bring...into effect实施,实行,使生效 take effect见效,开始起作用;生效,开始实施 in effect事实上,实际上（=in fact） side effects副作用 cause and effect因果 Even unborn babies can feel their mothers' heartbeats and this has a calming effect on them.即使是未出生的婴儿也能感受到他们母亲的心跳，这对他们有镇静作用。 The new law will come into effect/take effect from 1st June.该项新法律自6月1日起生效。 When the medicine started to take effect，the pain in my back eased.当药物开始起作用时，我背部的疼痛减轻了。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 The new traffic rule has come into effect. Now, it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has an effect on people's life in many ways. 新的交通法规已经实施了。现在它开始起作用了。事实上，它在很多方面影响着人们的生活。 1.I'll never forget those years when I lived in the small county with the workers, who have a great effect my life today. 2.Keeping a diary in English is one of the most _________ （effect） ways to improve our English writing ability. 1.on 2.effective 9 length 教材语境A summary should be around one third the length of the original text.概要长度应是原文篇幅的三分之一左右。 用法详解 length n.［C,U］长，长度；（持续）时间的长短 in length 在长度上 The room he has just rented is about 9 meters in length and 3 meters in width.他刚租的房间长约9米，宽约3米。 相关词语积累： 特别提醒 与"long→length→lengthen"变形相似的还有： wide adj.宽的→width n.宽度→widen vt.& vi.（使）变宽 deep adj.深的→depth n.深（度）→deepen vt.& vi.（使）变深 strong adj.强壮的→strength n.力量→strengthen vt.& vi.加强 broad adj.宽阔的→breadth n.宽度→broaden vt.& vi.（使）变宽 1.The area can easily be worked out if you know the _______（long） and the ________（broad）. 2.While running regularly can't make you live forever, it is more effective at ____________（length） life than walking,cycling or swimming. 1.length ,breadth2.lengthening 10 Sb. was doing sth. when... 教材语境I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入屋内。 用法详解 （1）此句型表示"某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……"，句中when作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句通常用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。 （2）when在此句型中表示"这时（突然）"，相当于and then, and just then或and at that time。when可与suddenly连用以加强语气。在此用法中when不能用while替换。 I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. 我正站在车旁，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们人群的中心，开始盘旋。 归纳拓展 when作并列连词时的其他常见句型： We had just finished the task when the machine broke down.我们刚完成任务机器就坏了。 1.Henry ___________（fix） his car when he heard the screams. 2.Tom was about to close the window ______his attention was caught by a bird. 3.Lily had just finished her homework when her mother _______（ask） her to practise the piano. 1.was fixing 2.when 3.asked ( 随堂训练2 ) 一.单词拼写 1.A car went out of control and 　　　　(碰撞) into the back of a bus.  2.Dee watched the 　　　　(波浪)breaking against the stones.  1.crashed　2.waves 二.单句语法填空 1.Once the book you've requested is delivered　　　　　the nearest branch, they will inform you by e⁃mail, so you can pick it up. 2.However, the majority of people are 　　　　　(effect) speakers because they train to be. 3.To build up his strength, he gradually increases the 　　　　　(long) of the runs.  4.As long as we make every effort 　　　　　(solve) the problems, we will surely achieve our goal.  5.Many buildings 　　　　　(sweep) away in the flood last year, which led to many deaths.  6.He found 　　　　　impossible to make it without his teacher's help.  7.He was so pleased with all 　　　　　we had done that he wrote us a letter to praise us.  1.to　考查介词。句意:一旦你申请的书被运送到最近的分部,他们就会通过电子邮件告知你,这样你就可以去取了。deliver sth. to sp.运送某物至某处,此处是其被动形式sth. be delivered to...,故填to。 2.effective　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作定语,修饰复数名词speakers,故填形容词effective,意为“有影响力的”。句意:然而,大多数人是因为他们受过训练才成为有影响力的演说家的。 3.length　考查名词。句意:为了增强他的体力,他逐渐增加了跑步的里程。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知此处应用名词,long是形容词,其名词是length。 4.to solve　考查不定式。make every effort to do sth.意为“尽一切努力做某事”,故填to solve。句意:只要我们尽一切努力解决问题,我们就一定会实现我们的目标。 5.were swept　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在去年的洪水中,很多建筑物被冲走,导致很多人死亡。根据时间状语last year可知此处应用一般过去时,且 buildings和sweep away之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是复数名词,谓语动词应用复数。故填were swept。 6.it　考查代词。句意:他发现没有老师的帮助就不可能取得成功。此处应用it作形式宾语,后面的不定式作真正的宾语。故填it。 7.that　考查定语从句。空格前面为不定代词all,空格后面的done后面缺少宾语,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作宾语,先行词为all,故关系词用that。句中含有so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。句意:他对我们所做的一切都非常满意,以至于他给我们写了一封信来表扬我们。 三.选词填空 carry out; be expected to; in summary; as many as 　　A serious flood hit the town. Many houses and buildings were destroyed. Many people were injured in this disaster but no one died. The rescue work was 1.　　　　　　 by people from all over the country. They built 2.　　　　　　 800 shelters for local people. Supplies 3.　　　　　　 be delivered there in one day. 4.　　　　　　, everything went smoothly and people there saw hope.  1.carried out　2.as many as　3.were expected to4.In summary 四.完成句子 1.海还是安安静静的,好像睡着了一样,没有风,也没有浪。(as if虚拟语气) The sea was still quiet　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, without winds or waves.(读后续写—环境描写)  2.雨开始下得很大,使得难以透过窗户看到她前院的树木。(现在分词作结果状语,make) Rain started to come down hard,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　  　　　　 the trees in her front yard through the window.(读后续写—场景描写)  3.我猛然意识到,对队里所有的女孩儿来说,与另一支球队比赛是一个学习的机会。(strike/hit) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　playing against the other team was an opportunity to learn for all the girls on the team.  4.We were climbing the mountain, and at that time it began to rain.(句型转换,when连接并列分句) →We　　　　 　　　　the mountain 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　to rain.  1.as if it had fallen asleep　2.making it hard to see　3.It struck/hit me that　4.were climbing;when it began 五.课文语法填空 A tsunami caused by the most 　1　 (power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing over 6,500 people in several 　2　(country). The undersea earthquake 　3　 reached a magnitude of 9.0 occurred around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island, 　4　(cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths stood 　5　 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 people were killed.  Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths 　6　(expect) to grow even 　7　(high). 　8　 foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami⁃hit countries, dangerous conditions and 　9　(damage) roads will make it difficult 　10　 (deliver) food and supplies.  1.powerful　考查形容词。根据设空处前面的the most和后面的名词earthquake可知此处应用形容词,power是名词,其形容词是powerful,意为“强有力的”,故填powerful。 2.countries　考查名词复数。由空前的several可知此处应用名词复数形式。故填countries。 3.which/that　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词earthquake,后面句子缺主语(设空处后面为谓语动词reached),且结合语境可知这里应表达“the undersea earthquake reached a magnitude of 9.0”,故设空处引导定语从句,修饰指物的名词,故填关系代词which或that。 句意:周日早上7点左右,在印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛西海岸附近发生了海底地震,震级达9.0级,造成至少1,870人死亡。 4.causing　考查现在分词。设空处所在句有主语The undersea earthquake和谓语动词occurred,所以推知设空处用非谓语动词的形式;设空处指地震“造成”的结果,The undersea earthquake与cause之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。 5.at　考查介词。 stand at sth.表示“达特定水平(或数量、高度等)”。此处指死亡人数为2,498。故填at。 6.is expected　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。 “the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;the number of deaths和expect(预计)之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合前面的“are still missing”可知此处应用一般现在时,故填is expected。句意:目前仍有数千人失踪,死亡人数预计还会增加。 7.higher　考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知这里应用形容词比较级。even修饰比较级,用以加强比较。故填higher。 8.Though/Although　考查连词。设空处所在句中间为逗号,逗号前后两部分都有主语,逗号前面表示“正在为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织外国援助”,后面表示“危险的环境和被破坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难”,故推测设空处应用though或although引导让步状语从句。注意首字母大写。 9.damaged　考查过去分词。dangerous conditions and 　9　(damage) roads是主句主语,roads是名词,缺少修饰成分,roads与damage之间为被动关系,故填过去分词damaged作定语。  10.to deliver　考查不定式。make it difficult to do sth.为固定结构,意为“使做某事很困难”,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。故填to deliver。 六.语法填空 Droughts Cause Problems for China This summer has brought serious heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, 　1　(include) food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases. The effect of the droughts is likely to be felt for years.   China 　2　(face) with similar problems now, too. It has been troubled by a terrible drought this summer, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the Yangtze River, China's 　3　 (long) river. That has cut the amount(数量) of power 　4　 is produced by the world's largest dam by 40%.   China hasn't been able to produce enough power, since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. In Sichuan Province, the government is closing 　5　 (factory) down because there's not enough energy. The country is trying to make it rain by 　6　 (send) chemicals into clouds, which, however, is 　7　 uncertain and temporary(临时的) measure.   There are no easy ways for any of these droughts. 　8　 has taken years to create the climate problem, and getting it under control will take more time. For now, governments and people will need to 　9　 (careful) manage water supplies and other things 　10　 (stop) the damage.  语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了干旱给中国带来的各种问题。 1.including　考查介词。后面的food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases是前面的problems的举例,故填including,意为“包括”。句意:干旱正在导致严重的问题,包括粮食和能源短缺、运输问题和价格上涨。 2.is faced　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:中国现在也面临着类似的问题。be faced with表示“面临,面对”,根据时间状语now可知,句子描述现在的情况,应用一般现在时,主语是China,be动词应用is。故填is faced。 3.longest　考查形容词最高级。结合常识可知,长江是中国最长的河流,所以设空处应用形容词的最高级形式作定语,修饰名词river。故填longest。句意:干旱使中国最长的河流——长江的很多部分干涸。 4.which/that　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空后内容缺少主语,结合语境可知空后的主语就是空前的名词power,所以设空处引导定语从句,先行词power指物,故填which或that。句意:那使得世界上最大的水坝生产的电力减少了40%。 5.factories　考查名词复数。句意:在四川省,由于能源不足,政府正在关闭工厂。结合常识可知,政府关闭不止一家工厂,且设空处前无限定词,所以设空处应用名词的复数形式。故填factories。 6.sending　考查动名词。设空处位于介词by之后,应用动名词形式作宾语,故填sending。句意:中国正努力通过将化学物质送入云层来降雨,但这是一项不确定的临时措施。 7.an　考查冠词。此处表示人工降雨是一项不确定的临时措施,设空处应用不定冠词表示泛指,uncertain以元音音素开头,前面应用不定冠词an。 8.It　考查代词。本句为“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型,表示“做某事花费多少时间”,所以设空处应用it,置于句首,首字母大写。故填It。 9.carefully　考查副词。设空处修饰动词manage,应用副词形式作状语,故填carefully,表示“小心地,谨慎地”。 10.to stop　考查不定式。句意:目前,政府和人民需要谨慎管理水供应和其他事情,以防止损害的发生。句中已有谓语,故设空处应用非谓语动词,结合语境可知这里表示目的,所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。 $$