专题09 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 课文讲解（暑假预习讲义）新高一英语人教版

专题09 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 课文讲解 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters课文解读 课文对译解读1 课文重点词汇 课文结构 课文对译解读2 考点二 Unit 4 Natural Disasters课文知识解析 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 课文解读 课文对译解读1 Reading and Thinking 原文呈现 Describe a natural disaster 1.Work in pairs. Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake. 2.Look at the title and photo below and guess what the text is about. Then read and check if you are right. THE NIGHT THE EARTHDIDN’T SLEEP（［修辞手法］拟人） Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells①rose and fell②, rose and fell. There were deep cracks③ that appearedin the well walls（that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词cracks，that在从句中作主语。）. At least one well had some smelly gas④ coming out of it（动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰gas。）. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat ( too...to... 太……而不能……),and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide（动词-ing短语作伴随状语，Mice与look for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。）, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual⑤ that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if ⑥ the world were coming to an end⑦ ！（［句型］It seemed as if...表示"看起来好像……"，as if引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气（从句中be动词的过去式通常用were而不是was））。Eleven kilometres directly below ⑧ the city, one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.【1】Nearly one third⑩ of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide（两个并列的形容词短语作后置定语,修饰crack）, cut across⑪houses, roads, and waterways​^⑫ . Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. （［修辞手法］此处使用了隐喻（metaphor）的修辞方法，将泥石流比喻成河流。使用隐喻时，我们通常把被描写的事物比喻成与之相似的事物，但不在句子中使用like,as等表示"像"的词语。）In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins⑬ . Two thirds of the people who lived there（"分数+of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词的 数与名词的数保持一致。此处were与people的数保持一致。） were （who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people， who在从句中作主语。） dead or injured. Thousands of children were left. .. .without parents.（"leave+宾语+宾补"结构的被动形式） The number of​⑭ people who were killed or badly injured in the quake（［思考］此处who引导什么类型的从句呢？） was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors⑮ looked, （Everywhere作连词，引导地点状语从句。） there was nothing but ruins（［句型］There was/is nothing but...表示"除了……之外，什么都没有"或"无一不是……"。but是介词，表示"除……之外"。）. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent⑯ of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone⑰. Bricks⑱ covered the ground like red autumn leaves（［修辞手法］此处使用了明喻（simile）的修辞方法。明喻不同于隐喻，它直接在句子中使用like,as,as...as...等表示"像"的词语或结构，来明确地比喻和描述。）, but no wind could blow them away.. .Most bridges had fallen or . .were not safe. .to cross. （［句型］主语+be+adj. （+for sb.） +动词不定式）The railway tracks were now useless⑲ pieces of metal⑳ . Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock㉑ —and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity㉒ were hard to get.（［思考］此处使用了什么句型呢？） People began to wonder how long the disaster would last（how引导的宾语从句，作wonder 的宾语。）. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out㉓ those who were trapped㉔ and to bury㉕ the dead㉖ （两个并列的动词不定式短语作宾语补语，其中who引导定语从句，从句修饰先行词those。先行词为those且指人时，定语从句常用who引导。）. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care㉗ . Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed（whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词survivors，whose 在从句中作定语修饰homes。）. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe㉘ again.（［修辞手法］此处使用了拟人（personification）的修辞方法，把事物人格化，将事物变得和人一样，会做出动作或拥有感情。） Tangshan started to revive㉙ itself and get back up on its feet㉚ . （［修辞手法］拟人）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts㉛ of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon㉜ the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to㉝ more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that​㉞ in times of㉟ disaster, people must unify㊱ and show the wisdom㊲ to stay positive㊳ and rebuild for a brighter future.【2】 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼的亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上，城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国近三分之一的地区均有震感! 一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民遇难或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，城市里几乎万物尽毁。全市大约75%的工厂和建筑、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。井中满是沙子而非井水。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震侵袭了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，水、食物和电都难以获取。人们开始疑惑这场灾难将会持续多久。然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医护人员赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了庇护所。数十万人获得了帮助。火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国以及全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极乐观的心态，重建一个更为璀璨的未来。 课文重点词汇1 ①well 熟词生义 n.［C］井，水井 ②rise and fall起伏，升降 rise （rose, risen） vi.上升；起床 ③crack /kræk/ n.［C］裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.（使）破裂 ④smelly gas 难闻的气体 smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj.有难闻气味的；有臭味的 gas /gæs/ n.［C,U］气体；［U］燃气；汽油 ⑤as usual 像往常一样 ⑥as if 似乎，好像，仿佛 ⑦come to an end结束 拓展 come to达到,进入（某种状态或境地）;作出（决定），达成（协议） come to a decision作出决定 come to an agreement 达成协议 ⑧directly below在……正下方 directly /dəˈrektli/adv. 熟词生义 恰好，正好地；立即 conj. 一……就…… ⑨deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. （deadlier/more deadly, deadliest/most deadly）致命的；十足 的，彻底的 adv. 极其，非常 ⑩one third表示"三分之一"。英语中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大 于一时，分母用复数。如34 three fourths, 256 two and five sixths。 ⑪cut across 穿过，通过 ⑫waterway n.［C］水路，航道 ⑬in ruins严重受损； 破败不堪 ruin /ˈru:ɪn/ n.［C］废墟 ⑭the number of... 意为"……的数量",of后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 复习 a number of...意为"一些/若干……"，of后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作 主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ⑮survivor /səˈvaɪvə（r）/ n.［C］ 幸存者，生还者 ⑯percent /pəˈsent/ n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 对比 percentage /pəˈsentɪdʒ/ n.［C］百分率，百分比 6 percentage points （=6 percent） ⑰gone 熟词生义 adj. 不复存在；用完了；（人）离开了 ⑱brick /brɪk/ n.［C，U］砖;砖块 ⑲useless adj.没用的 反义 useful adj.有用的 思考 具有相同词根并分别以-ful和-less结尾的两类形容词都互为反义词吗？ ⑳metal /ˈmetl/ n.［C，U］金属 ㉑in shock 震惊；吃惊 shock /ʃɒk/ n.［C，U］震惊 语用 介词in和许多表示情绪的名词搭配使用时，可用来描写人物的心情，如in surprise/amazement（惊讶地）、in fear/horror（害怕地）等。 ㉒electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n.［U］电；电能 electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/adj. 用电的，电的 ㉓dig out 挖出 ㉔trap /træp/ vt. （trapped, trapped） 使落入险境 ㉕bury /ˈberi/ vt. 埋葬；安葬 ㉖the dead死者；逝者 拓展 "the+形容词"转化而来的名词表达具有该形容词语义特征或状态的"人"或"物"， 为集合概念。这类名词无复数词尾，通常当作复数词使用。有类似用法的还有：the poor（穷人）、the rich（富人）、the old（老年人）、the young（年轻人）等。 ㉗medical care医疗护理 ㉘breathe /bri:ð / vi.& vt. 呼吸 ㉙revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ vt.& vi. 复活；（使）苏醒 派生词 revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/ n.［C，U］复兴，复苏 ㉚on one’s feet （困境后）恢复，完全复原；（病后）痊愈 ㉛tireless efforts坚持不懈的努力 tireless adj. 不知疲倦的 词链 tire （vi. & vt.使疲劳,疲劳）—tired （adj. 疲倦的）—tiring（adj.令人疲劳 的）—tireless（adj.） effort /ˈefət/ n.［C，U］努力；［C］艰难的尝试；尽力 详见P195 ㉜upon 在此可替换为on。 ㉝be/become （a） home to... 是……的家园/家乡 ㉞ prove to sb. that...向某人证明…… ㉟in times of... 在……时期 ㊱unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ/ vi.& vt. （使）统一；（使）成一体 unified adj. 统一的 ㊲wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. ［U］智慧；才智 构词法 wisdom为"wise（adj.有智慧的，明智的）+名词后缀 -dom（状况，状态）" 构成的名词。常见的以 -dom结尾的词还有：freedom（n. 自由）、boredom （n. 厌烦）等。 ㊳stay positive 保持积极乐观的心态 stay linking verb 保持原状，维持 课文语篇结构 【即学即练】 课文语法填空 Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 　1　(rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 　2　(eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 　3　 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 　4　 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 　5　(injure). People were 　6　(shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 　7　(wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 　8　 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 　9　(survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was 　10　(final) built on the earthquake ruins.   1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   考点二 课文知识解析 1. ruin n．&vt.破坏；毁坏 [教材原句]In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。 (1)be/lie in ruins　成为废墟；毁灭 fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪 (2)ruin one’s hope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 [佳句背诵] When we reached the destination，we saw an old temple in ruins.我们到达目的地后，看到一座成为废墟的古庙。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①The old famous castle fell ruin after the big flood. ②Heavy smoking may ruin (you)，so you should give it up as soon as possible. 2. shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 [教材原句]　People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万状——然而邻近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。 (1)a great shock to sb　对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by 对……感到吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 [佳句背诵] I looked at him in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①His situation was a great to us all. ②The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and (shock)． ③The news that he was injured in the accident (shock)． [名师点津]　shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的”， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。 3. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 [教材原句]　Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震发生后不久，部队派出15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 fall into a trap　落入圈套 be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中 [佳句背诵] The soldiers were sent to the earthquake－hit area immediately to rescue the people who were trapped in the ruins.战士们立即被派往地震灾区营救被困在废墟中的人们。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①If you walk into the forest，you’re likely to fall a trap. ②The young man was the building，and he felt very helpless. 4. bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 (1)bury...in...　把……埋到……里 (2) 埋头于/专心于…… [佳句背诵] She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①He (bury) in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world. ②In the past three weeks, we have been burying (we) in study because the exam is drawing near. 5. effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 [教材原句]　With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在地震废墟中被建立起来。 　不遗余力做某事 make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力做某事 [佳句背诵]I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later.我的确相信你的努力迟早会得到回报。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will spare no effort (finish) the task. ②As far as I’m concerned, you should make a greater effort (study) hard. 6. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 [教材原句]　What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need? 你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？ (1)suffer losses/pains　　遭受损失/痛苦 suffer from 患……病；因……而受苦 (2)suffering n. 苦难，痛苦 sufferer n. 受难者 [佳句背诵] Obviously，our earth is suffering serious damage.显然，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①As far as I know, he has ever suffered a serious illness. ②The editor never talked about his (s)(suffer) in the disaster. 7. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗不肯进入屋内。 [句型公式]　too＋adj.＋to...“太……不能……” (1)too ＋ adj./adv.(for sb) to do sth...意为 “太……而不能……”， 表示否定意义； (2)too ＋(glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious)to do sth表示肯定意义。 ①I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.我讨厌她在上班时给我打电话——我一直很忙不能和她交谈。 ②The problem is too difficult for me (settle)．这个问题太难了， 我解决不了。 ③I am you with your homework.我很乐意帮你做作业。 8. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ [句型公式]　as if＝as though “仿佛；好像”，在句中引导表语从句。It seemed (to sb) that/as if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”。 (1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 (2)as if从句用虚拟语气： 从句用一般过去时(表示与现在的事实相反)； 从句用过去完成时(表示与过去的事实相反)； 从句用would/could/might do形式(表示与将来的事实相反) ①Look at the clouds in the sky! it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。 ②He talks to them as if they (be) children.(与现在事实相反)他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。 ③He talks about Rome as if he (be) there before.(与过去事实相反)他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。 ④He opened his mouth as if he (say) something.(与将来事实相反)他张开嘴好像要说什么。 【即学即练】 一．单句语法填空 1.Burying himself 　　　　　 his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.  2.They got lost in the forest and couldn't find a place to shelter themselves 　　　　　 the wind and rain.   3.I was frightened to 　　　　　(die)when I caught sight of a snake in the distance.   4.People with weak control power are likely to be trapped 　　　　　 buying useless goods by the webcast(网络直播).  5.He became interested in alternative treatments(替代疗法) 20 years ago when he suffered 　　　　　 terrible back pain.  6.For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on 　　　　　(wise).  7.The light is too weak 　　　　　(cause) any damage 　　　　　 people's eyes.   8.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good 　　　　　(breathe).  9.Now the number of people learning first aid 　　　　　(increase) rapidly.  10.It shocked the athlete that the medal 　　　　　 he won in the championship was lost.  二.选词填空(其中有一项多余) in shock;make an effort to;come to an end;nothing but;dig out;in ruins;as if;a flood of;come to one's rescue 　　A terrible earthquake hit this area. Millions of buildings lay 1.　　　　　　. People there were 2.　　　　　　 because it seemed 3.　　　　　　 life would 4.　　　　　　.Thankfully, the soldiers 5.　　　　　　. Many survivors were 6.　　　　　　 and 7.　　　　　　 supplies were delivered to the disaster area. People there saw hope and 8.　　　　　　 rebuild their home.  三.完成句子 1.为了有一个健康的饮食,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.   2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if) Her hair grew greyer and greyer, and it seemed 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写)   3.The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转换) →The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(too...to...)   →The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(so...that...)　  课文对译解读2 Reading for Writing 原文呈现 Write a summary① 1.Read the news report released② the day after a tsunami（动词-ed短语作后置定语，修饰the news report。） and answer the questions. 1.When did the tsunami happen? 【答案】It happened on 26 December 2004. 2.What caused the tsunami? 【答案】A very powerful earthquake of 9.0-magnitude which happened under the sea off the west coast of Sumatra Island in Indonesia. 3.Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies（it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语to deliver food and supplies。）? 【答案】Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. The Daily News TSUNAMI HITS ASIA： OVER 6,500 DEAD By③Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004 ［标题赏析］英语新闻标题常用一般现在时（即使是指过去的事件），从形式上来突出报道的及时性和简洁性。标题经常省略不必要的词，如冠词、名词、系动词、代词等。将"OVER 6,500 DEAD"补充完整为"OVER 6,500 PEOPLE ARE DEAD"。 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into④coastlines⑤across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India, Thailand, Malaysia,and at least four other countries.【1】Fishermen⑥, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away⑦by huge waves⑧caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.【2】The undersea quake struck⑨ around 7:00 a.m.， Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone⑩, at least 1,870 people were killed. In Sri Lanka, some⑪ 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre⑫, the number of deaths stood at⑬2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as⑭1,900 had been killed（过去完成时的被动语态，其构成是"had + been + 过去分词"。） along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead（"find+宾语+宾补（形容词）"结构的被动式） in Thailand and 54 in three other countries（54后省略了与and前的分句相同的部分"were found dead"）. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. "I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.（［句式］"Sb. was doing sth. when..."意为"某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……"，when是并列连词。） We had to leave everything and run to safety⑮," said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to⑯ grow even⑰ higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised（现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是"am/is/are+being+过去分词",表示被动和动作正在进行。） for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions⑱ and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver⑲food and supplies（"make+it +adj.+to do sth."结构，此处it是形式宾语，动词不定式短语to deliver food and supplies是真正的宾语。） 每日新闻 海啸侵袭亚洲：6 500余人遇难 罗伯特·伍德豪斯 2004年12月27日，星期一 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6 500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。这场海底地震于周日早上7时许侵袭了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近的海域。仅那个地区就至少有1 870人死亡。 政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498，另有100多万人受到海啸的影.响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区多达1 900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1 900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位女士钱德拉·特拉维说："我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。" 仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将进一步增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 课文重点词汇2 ①summary /ˈsʌməri/ n.［C］总结，概括，概要 派生词 summarize vt.& vi.总结，概述 拓展 in summary 总的来说，总之 ②release/rɪˈli:s/ vt. 发布,公布；释放 ③英语中，作者或记者的名字前一般需加上介词by。 ④crash into 撞上 crash /kræʃ/ vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击 ⑤coastline /ˈkəʊstlaɪn/ n.［C］海岸线 ⑥fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n.［C］渔民 fishing boat渔船 ⑦sweep away 冲走，吹走；消灭，彻底消除 sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. （swept, swept） （迅猛地）吹走；冲走；打扫；清扫 拓展 sweep up 打扫，清扫 ⑧wave /weɪv/ n.［C］ 海浪；波浪 ⑨strike /straɪk/ vi.& vt.（struck, struck/stricken）侵袭（=hit） ⑩alone /əˈləʊn/ 熟词生义 adv. （用于名词或代词后以加强语气）仅仅，单，只 ⑪some 熟词生义 adv.（用于数词前）大约，差不多（=about/around） ⑫the quake centre/center震中 妥善 the focus of an earthquake震源 ⑬stand at sth.达特定水平（或数量、高度等） stand vi. 熟词生义 达特定水平（或数量、高度等） ⑭as many as... 多达…… ⑮safety n. ［U］ 熟词生义 安全处所 ⑯be expected to do sth. 预计做某事 ⑰even adv.更（程度副词） 拓展 常用来修饰比较级的程度副词（短语）还有still, far, any, much, a lot 等。 ⑱condition /kənˈdɪʃən/ n. ［pl.］ （居住、工作或做事情的）环境，境况，条件 ⑲deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ vt. & vi. 递送；传达; vt. 发表 【即学即练】 课文语法填空 　　A tsunami caused by the most 　1　(power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing over 6,500 people in several 　2　(country). The undersea earthquake 　3　 reached a magnitude of 9.0 occurred around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island, 　4　(cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths stood 　5　 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 people were killed.  Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths 　6　(expect) to grow even 　7　(high) over the next few days. 　8　 foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries, dangerous conditions and 　9　(damage) roads will make it difficult 　10　(deliver) food and supplies.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   考点三 课文知识解析 1. wave n．海浪；波浪，波涛；挥手 vi. & vt.挥手；招手 [教材原句]Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9级强震所引起的巨浪卷走。 wave goodbye to sb　　　　向某人挥手告别 向某人挥手 [佳句背诵] She refused my suggestion with a wave of her hand.她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①He waved us as the bus drove off. ②I waved goodbye him, but he ignored me. 2. strike vi.& vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；突然想到；(钟)敲；打动，迷住 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 [教材原句]　The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.海底地震于星期日上午7时许袭击了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域。 be struck by...　被……打动 某人突然想起…… [佳句背诵] The failure of their team struck sadness into the captain’s heart.他们队的失利让队长很伤心。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义 ①The clock struck twelve when I got home last night. ②A terrible earthquake did strike the city on March 11. ③A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper. ④The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country. 3. effect n．影响；结果；效果 (1)have an effect on/upon　　对……产生影响 in effect 事实上 (2)effective adj. 有效的； 有影响的 [佳句背诵] There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect on the children. 毫无疑问，读书会对儿童有良好的影响。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ① effect，he didn’t make any errors this time. ②Go outdoors and play team games with your friends，which is an (effect) way to get rid of anger. 4.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 [句型公式]　be doing sth when...“正在做某事这时……” when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有： be doing...when...正在做……，这时…… be about to do...when...正要做……，这时…… had just done...when...刚做过……这时…… ①The man downstairs the earthquake happened.这个男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。 ②We (have) a meeting when someone broke in. 当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。 ③I had just come out of the kitchen someone knocked at the door.我刚从厨房出来，就有人敲门。 【即学即练】 一．单句语法填空 1.However, the majority of people are 　　　　　(effect) speakers because they train to be.   2.　　　　　 summary, my mom's simple act has a deep effect 　　　　　 me.   3.Our team of experts will be 　　　　　 hand to offer help between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily.   4.The Englishman did what he said. He came to China in 1986 with a plan to run the whole 　　　　　(long) of the Great Wall.   5.With millions of riders on the road, China's food 　　　　　(deliver) industry has long prided itself on being able to reach every corner of the country.  6.I will spare no effort 　　　　　(introduce) more aspects of Chinese culture to students through more events, and further raise their interest in learning Chinese and understanding Chinese culture.  7.　　　　　 struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to know what I didn't know.  8.Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all 　　　　　 he saw and heard in China.   二．完成句子 1.由于心里发慌,我深吸了一口气,试图平静下来,然后向我的新老师挥了挥手。 With butterflies in my stomach, I 　　　　 　　　　, trying to 　　　　 　　　　, and then 　　　　 　　　　 my new teacher.(读后续写—动作描写)  2.(2021新高考Ⅰ写作)我正在访问我们学校的网站,这时我注意到了英文报Youth。(was/were doing...when...) I 　　　　 　　　　 our school's website 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the English newspaper Youth.   3.雨开始下得很大,使得难以透过窗户看到她前院的树木。(现在分词作结果状语,make) Rain started to come down hard, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the trees in her front yard through the window.(读后续写—场景描写)  一．语法填空 A (2025广东江门期中) As far as I know, the heavy storm was one of the worst events of the city. It struck the western part of the city last night. The wind speed reached eighty kilometres per hour. The storm caused serious damage 　1　 at least two hundred homes. A great number of people 　2　(leave) homeless after the 　3　(roof) of the houses were swept away. Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere, which made people 　4　(frighten).   In Main Street, the city park was flooded completely. Many cars were destroyed completely by floodwater. One car 　5　(own) without full insurance(保险) burst out 　6　(cry). Some cars were carried across the parking area 　7　 thrown into storm-water drains. In another block, a tree fell on a bus 　8　 was taking some football players to a game. 　9　(lucky), no one on the bus got injured.   It was pleasing that the storm was finally at 　10　 end after doing extreme damage.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   B (2025湖北部分高中联盟期中) 　　The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR)　1　(form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 　2　 lives are changed by a storm, flood, earthquake, drought, or any other natural disaster.  After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and the team won high praise 　3　 their bravery and skill. Since then, the CISAR 　4　(complete) many missions. The list of people to whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than 3,000 people 　5　(injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent several months 　6　(give) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.  Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water and other 　7　(supply). They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be 　8　(danger). And they even bury 　9　 dead. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage to risk one's own life 　10　(save) someone else.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   三．阅读理解 A (2025山东济宁期中) Once upon a time in the small coastal town of Havenbrook, life was peaceful and happy. The town's residents(居民) enjoyed the beauty of the ocean and the quiet of their homes. However, one fateful day, their peaceful life was turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster. The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routine, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out on the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the control of a powerful hurricane. The hurricane's fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The town's emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and mothered people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair(绝望). After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery(恢复) process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins. 1.What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A.The residents sensed the coming storm. B.The residents were unprepared for daily life. C.The residents often experienced natural disasters. D.The residents led a peaceful life before the disaster. 2.What's the main idea of Paragraph 3? A.The residents started rescue work.　　 B.The residents left their homes hopefully. C.The hurricane arrived without any warning.　　 D.The hurricane caused severe damage and fear. 3.How did the town's emergency services respond to the disaster? A.They sent people to safety using boats. B.They rescued the mothers first by boat. C.They waited for the storm to pass before taking any action. D.They were unable to reach the affected areas due to the storm. 4.What does the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Difficult.　　B.Merry.　　C.Effortless.　　D.Annoying. B (2024云南昭通期中) Landslides occur when large quantities of substances(物质), including rocks, earth and trees, slide down a slope(斜坡). They may occur as a result of fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms or human activities. Landslides are particularly dangerous because they strike suddenly, move at extremely high speed, and travel long distance. Although landslides are often difficult to predict, you can prepare for them. 　1　   Keep yourself alert and awake. Landslides can occur quite suddenly, so you need to be ready to take action at a moment's notice. Many landslide-related deaths occur while people are asleep. 　2　   　3　 Your local community should have a designated(指定的) public shelter. Go to the shelter if your home is unsafe or the authorities have called for an evacuation.  Consult local officials about past landslides. Landslides tend to happen in the same area where they have occurred before. 　4　 If you are in an at-risk area, consider getting a site analysis of your property. This will help you determine necessary corrective measures.   Make an emergency kit. 　5　 Make your kit in advance so it is ready when needed. Your kit should contain enough food and water to last for at least 72 hours, as well as supplies like medications, flashlights, batteries, cellphones, copies of personal documents, and cash.   A.Notice unusual sounds. B.Go to a public shelter. C.Here are some tips which can help you. D.Talk to local officials about landslides in your area. E.In the event of a landslide or other emergencies, choose a place. F.If you are with other people, work together to keep one another awake. G.An emergency kit contains the essentials that your household will need during an emergency. 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 课文讲解 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters课文解读 课文对译解读1 课文重点词汇 课文结构 课文对译解读2 考点二 Unit 4 Natural Disasters课文知识解析 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 课文解读 课文对译解读1 Reading and Thinking 原文呈现 Describe a natural disaster 1.Work in pairs. Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake. 2.Look at the title and photo below and guess what the text is about. Then read and check if you are right. THE NIGHT THE EARTHDIDN’T SLEEP（［修辞手法］拟人） Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells①rose and fell②, rose and fell. There were deep cracks③ that appearedin the well walls（that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词cracks，that在从句中作主语。）. At least one well had some smelly gas④ coming out of it（动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰gas。）. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat ( too...to... 太……而不能……),and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide（动词-ing短语作伴随状语，Mice与look for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。）, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual⑤ that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if ⑥ the world were coming to an end⑦ ！（［句型］It seemed as if...表示"看起来好像……"，as if引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气（从句中be动词的过去式通常用were而不是was））。Eleven kilometres directly below ⑧ the city, one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.【1】Nearly one third⑩ of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide（两个并列的形容词短语作后置定语,修饰crack）, cut across⑪houses, roads, and waterways​^⑫ . Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. （［修辞手法］此处使用了隐喻（metaphor）的修辞方法，将泥石流比喻成河流。使用隐喻时，我们通常把被描写的事物比喻成与之相似的事物，但不在句子中使用like,as等表示"像"的词语。）In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins⑬ . Two thirds of the people who lived there（"分数+of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词的 数与名词的数保持一致。此处were与people的数保持一致。） were （who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people， who在从句中作主语。） dead or injured. Thousands of children were left. .. .without parents.（"leave+宾语+宾补"结构的被动形式） The number of​⑭ people who were killed or badly injured in the quake（［思考］此处who引导什么类型的从句呢？） was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors⑮ looked, （Everywhere作连词，引导地点状语从句。） there was nothing but ruins（［句型］There was/is nothing but...表示"除了……之外，什么都没有"或"无一不是……"。but是介词，表示"除……之外"。）. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent⑯ of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone⑰. Bricks⑱ covered the ground like red autumn leaves（［修辞手法］此处使用了明喻（simile）的修辞方法。明喻不同于隐喻，它直接在句子中使用like,as,as...as...等表示"像"的词语或结构，来明确地比喻和描述。）, but no wind could blow them away.. .Most bridges had fallen or . .were not safe. .to cross. （［句型］主语+be+adj. （+for sb.） +动词不定式）The railway tracks were now useless⑲ pieces of metal⑳ . Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock㉑ —and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity㉒ were hard to get.（［思考］此处使用了什么句型呢？） People began to wonder how long the disaster would last（how引导的宾语从句，作wonder 的宾语。）. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out㉓ those who were trapped㉔ and to bury㉕ the dead㉖ （两个并列的动词不定式短语作宾语补语，其中who引导定语从句，从句修饰先行词those。先行词为those且指人时，定语从句常用who引导。）. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care㉗ . Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed（whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词survivors，whose 在从句中作定语修饰homes。）. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe㉘ again.（［修辞手法］此处使用了拟人（personification）的修辞方法，把事物人格化，将事物变得和人一样，会做出动作或拥有感情。） Tangshan started to revive㉙ itself and get back up on its feet㉚ . （［修辞手法］拟人）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts㉛ of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon㉜ the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to㉝ more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that​㉞ in times of㉟ disaster, people must unify㊱ and show the wisdom㊲ to stay positive㊳ and rebuild for a brighter future.【2】 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼的亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上，城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国近三分之一的地区均有震感! 一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民遇难或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，城市里几乎万物尽毁。全市大约75%的工厂和建筑、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。井中满是沙子而非井水。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震侵袭了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，水、食物和电都难以获取。人们开始疑惑这场灾难将会持续多久。然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医护人员赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了庇护所。数十万人获得了帮助。火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国以及全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极乐观的心态，重建一个更为璀璨的未来。 课文重点词汇1 ①well 熟词生义 n.［C］井，水井 ②rise and fall起伏，升降 rise （rose, risen） vi.上升；起床 ③crack /kræk/ n.［C］裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.（使）破裂 ④smelly gas 难闻的气体 smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj.有难闻气味的；有臭味的 gas /gæs/ n.［C,U］气体；［U］燃气；汽油 ⑤as usual 像往常一样 ⑥as if 似乎，好像，仿佛 ⑦come to an end结束 拓展 come to达到,进入（某种状态或境地）;作出（决定），达成（协议） come to a decision作出决定 come to an agreement 达成协议 ⑧directly below在……正下方 directly /dəˈrektli/adv. 熟词生义 恰好，正好地；立即 conj. 一……就…… ⑨deadly /ˈdedli/ adj. （deadlier/more deadly, deadliest/most deadly）致命的；十足 的，彻底的 adv. 极其，非常 ⑩one third表示"三分之一"。英语中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大 于一时，分母用复数。如34 three fourths, 256 two and five sixths。 ⑪cut across 穿过，通过 ⑫waterway n.［C］水路，航道 ⑬in ruins严重受损； 破败不堪 ruin /ˈru:ɪn/ n.［C］废墟 ⑭the number of... 意为"……的数量",of后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 复习 a number of...意为"一些/若干……"，of后常跟可数名词复数或集体名词，作 主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ⑮survivor /səˈvaɪvə（r）/ n.［C］ 幸存者，生还者 ⑯percent /pəˈsent/ n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 对比 percentage /pəˈsentɪdʒ/ n.［C］百分率，百分比 6 percentage points （=6 percent） ⑰gone 熟词生义 adj. 不复存在；用完了；（人）离开了 ⑱brick /brɪk/ n.［C，U］砖;砖块 ⑲useless adj.没用的 反义 useful adj.有用的 思考 具有相同词根并分别以-ful和-less结尾的两类形容词都互为反义词吗？ ⑳metal /ˈmetl/ n.［C，U］金属 ㉑in shock 震惊；吃惊 shock /ʃɒk/ n.［C，U］震惊 语用 介词in和许多表示情绪的名词搭配使用时，可用来描写人物的心情，如in surprise/amazement（惊讶地）、in fear/horror（害怕地）等。 ㉒electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n.［U］电；电能 electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/adj. 用电的，电的 ㉓dig out 挖出 ㉔trap /træp/ vt. （trapped, trapped） 使落入险境 ㉕bury /ˈberi/ vt. 埋葬；安葬 ㉖the dead死者；逝者 拓展 "the+形容词"转化而来的名词表达具有该形容词语义特征或状态的"人"或"物"， 为集合概念。这类名词无复数词尾，通常当作复数词使用。有类似用法的还有：the poor（穷人）、the rich（富人）、the old（老年人）、the young（年轻人）等。 ㉗medical care医疗护理 ㉘breathe /bri:ð / vi.& vt. 呼吸 ㉙revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ vt.& vi. 复活；（使）苏醒 派生词 revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/ n.［C，U］复兴，复苏 ㉚on one’s feet （困境后）恢复，完全复原；（病后）痊愈 ㉛tireless efforts坚持不懈的努力 tireless adj. 不知疲倦的 词链 tire （vi. & vt.使疲劳,疲劳）—tired （adj. 疲倦的）—tiring（adj.令人疲劳 的）—tireless（adj.） effort /ˈefət/ n.［C，U］努力；［C］艰难的尝试；尽力 详见P195 ㉜upon 在此可替换为on。 ㉝be/become （a） home to... 是……的家园/家乡 ㉞ prove to sb. that...向某人证明…… ㉟in times of... 在……时期 ㊱unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ/ vi.& vt. （使）统一；（使）成一体 unified adj. 统一的 ㊲wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. ［U］智慧；才智 构词法 wisdom为"wise（adj.有智慧的，明智的）+名词后缀 -dom（状况，状态）" 构成的名词。常见的以 -dom结尾的词还有：freedom（n. 自由）、boredom （n. 厌烦）等。 ㊳stay positive 保持积极乐观的心态 stay linking verb 保持原状，维持 课文语篇结构 【答案】1.Signs 2.Strange things 3.The rescue work 4.revival 【即学即练】 课文语法填空 Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 　1　(rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 　2　(eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 　3　 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 　4　 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 　5　(injure). People were 　6　(shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 　7　(wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 　8　 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 　9　(survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was 　10　(final) built on the earthquake ruins.   1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   1.【答案】rose　 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此处讲的是唐山大地震前的情况,为过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填rose。 2.【答案】to eat　 【解析】考查不定式。句意:鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”,故此处需填不定式作结果状语。故填to eat。 3.【答案】It　 【解析】考查代词。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了! 4.【答案】the　 【解析】考查冠词。句意:不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟……。此处特指唐山这个城市,需要在whole前加定冠词the。 5.【答案】injured　 【解析】考查过去分词。get injured意为“受伤”。故填injured。 6.【答案】shocked　 【解析】考查形容词。主语为People,设空处作表语,故用形容词shocked。be shocked at...意为“对……感到震惊”。 7.【答案】wondering　 【解析】考查现在分词。句意:人们深陷困境,想知道这场灾难要持续多久。设空处前面已有谓语got into,且逗号后无连词,故设空处应为非谓语动词。wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。 8.【答案】who/that　 【解析】考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为代词those,“　8　 were trapped”中缺主语(设空处后面为谓语),且将前面的those作为主语代入后面意思合理,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,指代先行词those,指人,故填who或that。   9.【答案】survivors　 【解析】考查名词复数。survivor意为“幸存者”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,所以用复数形式。故填survivors。 10.【答案】finally　 【解析】考查副词。设空处位于谓语中间,提示词是形容词,所以用副词作状语,故填finally。 考点二 课文知识解析 1. ruin n．&vt.破坏；毁坏 [教材原句]In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。 (1)be/lie in ruins　成为废墟；毁灭 fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪 (2)ruin one’s hope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 [佳句背诵] When we reached the destination，we saw an old temple in ruins.我们到达目的地后，看到一座成为废墟的古庙。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①The old famous castle fell into ruin after the big flood. ②Heavy smoking may ruin yourself(you)，so you should give it up as soon as possible. 2. shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 [教材原句]　People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万状——然而邻近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。 (1)a great shock to sb　对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by 对……感到吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 [佳句背诵] I looked at him in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①His situation was a great shock to us all. ②The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked(shock)． ③The news that he was injured in the accident was shocking(shock)． [名师点津]　shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的”， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。 3. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 [教材原句]　Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震发生后不久，部队派出15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 fall into a trap　落入圈套 be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中 [佳句背诵] The soldiers were sent to the earthquake－hit area immediately to rescue the people who were trapped in the ruins.战士们立即被派往地震灾区营救被困在废墟中的人们。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①If you walk into the forest，you’re likely to fall into a trap. ②The young man was trapped in the building，and he felt very helpless. 4. bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 (1)bury...in...　把……埋到……里 (2) 埋头于/专心于…… [佳句背诵] She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①He was buried (bury) in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world. ②In the past three weeks, we have been burying ourselves(we) in study because the exam is drawing near. 5. effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 [教材原句]　With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在地震废墟中被建立起来。 　不遗余力做某事 make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力做某事 [佳句背诵]I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later.我的确相信你的努力迟早会得到回报。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will spare no effort to finish(finish) the task. ②As far as I’m concerned, you should make a greater effort to study(study) hard. 6. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 [教材原句]　What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need? 你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？ (1)suffer losses/pains　　遭受损失/痛苦 suffer from 患……病；因……而受苦 (2)suffering n. 苦难，痛苦 sufferer n. 受难者 [佳句背诵] Obviously，our earth is suffering serious damage.显然，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness. ②The editor never talked about his suffering(s)(suffer) in the disaster. 7. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗不肯进入屋内。 [句型公式]　too＋adj.＋to...“太……不能……” (1)too ＋ adj./adv.(for sb) to do sth...意为 “太……而不能……”， 表示否定意义； (2)too ＋(glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious)to do sth表示肯定意义。 ①I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.我讨厌她在上班时给我打电话——我一直很忙不能和她交谈。 ②The problem is too difficult for me to__settle (settle)．这个问题太难了， 我解决不了。 ③I am too pleased to help you with your homework.我很乐意帮你做作业。 8. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ [句型公式]　as if＝as though “仿佛；好像”，在句中引导表语从句。It seemed (to sb) that/as if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”。 (1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 (2)as if从句用虚拟语气： 从句用一般过去时(表示与现在的事实相反)； 从句用过去完成时(表示与过去的事实相反)； 从句用would/could/might do形式(表示与将来的事实相反) ①Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。 ②He talks to them as if they were(be) children.(与现在事实相反)他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。 ③He talks about Rome as if he had been(be) there before.(与过去事实相反)他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。 ④He opened his mouth as if he would__say(say) something.(与将来事实相反)他张开嘴好像要说什么。 【即学即练】 一．单句语法填空 1.Burying himself 　　　　　 his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.  2.They got lost in the forest and couldn't find a place to shelter themselves 　　　　　 the wind and rain.   3.I was frightened to 　　　　　(die)when I caught sight of a snake in the distance.   4.People with weak control power are likely to be trapped 　　　　　 buying useless goods by the webcast(网络直播).  5.He became interested in alternative treatments(替代疗法) 20 years ago when he suffered 　　　　　 terrible back pain.  6.For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on 　　　　　(wise).  7.The light is too weak 　　　　　(cause) any damage 　　　　　 people's eyes.   8.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good 　　　　　(breathe).  9.Now the number of people learning first aid 　　　　　(increase) rapidly.  10.It shocked the athlete that the medal 　　　　　 he won in the championship was lost.  1.【答案】in　 【解析】考查介词。bury oneself in...表示“专心致志于……”,故填介词in。此处现在分词短语作原因状语。句意:他埋头学习,不知道其他人都走了。 2.【答案】from　 【解析】考查介词。shelter...from...意为“保护……免受……”。句意:他们在森林里迷路了,找不到遮风避雨的地方。 3.【答案】death　 【解析】考查名词。be frightened to death意为“吓得要死”。故填名词death。 4.【答案】into　 【解析】考查介词。句意:控制力弱的人很可能被网络直播诱骗购买没用的商品。trap sb. into doing sth.意为“诱骗某人做某事”,这里是被动语态 be trapped into doing sth.。故填into。 5.【答案】from　 【解析】考查介词。suffer from后接表示疾病的名词,表示“患……病”。故填from。句意:20年前,当他患上严重的背痛病时,他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。 6.【答案】wisdom　 【解析】考查名词。根据空前的pass on 可知设空处应该填名词,wise的名词形式为wisdom,意为“智慧”,为不可数名词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授经验或传递智慧。 7.【答案】to cause;to　 【解析】考查too...to...结构及damage的固定搭配。句意:这种光太弱了,对人的眼睛产生不了什么伤害。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”;cause damage to...意为“对……造成伤害”。故第一空填不定式to cause,第二空填介词to。 8.【答案】to breathe　 【解析】考查不定式。句意:在夏天我喜欢早早起床。早晨的空气呼吸起来很好。本句是“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式,形容词表示的是不定式的性质,且不定式的逻辑宾语为句子的主语(The morning air),这时不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to breathe。 9.【答案】is increasing　 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,主语为“the number of people”,谓语动词需用单数形式;结合开头的Now可知此处表示“现在学习急救的人的数量正在快速增加”,需用现在进行时,故填is increasing。 二.选词填空(其中有一项多余) in shock;make an effort to;come to an end;nothing but;dig out;in ruins;as if;a flood of;come to one's rescue 　　A terrible earthquake hit this area. Millions of buildings lay 1.　　　　　　. People there were 2.　　　　　　 because it seemed 3.　　　　　　 life would 4.　　　　　　.Thankfully, the soldiers 5.　　　　　　. Many survivors were 6.　　　　　　 and 7.　　　　　　 supplies were delivered to the disaster area. People there saw hope and 8.　　　　　　 rebuild their home.  【答案】1.in ruins　2.in shock　3.as if　4.come to an end　5.came to their rescue　6.dug out　7.a flood of　8.made an effort to 三.完成句子 1.为了有一个健康的饮食,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.   2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if) Her hair grew greyer and greyer, and it seemed 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写)   3.The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转换) →The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(too...to...)   →The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(so...that...)　  【答案】1.In an effort to have a healthy diet　2.as if it were covered with　3.too small to accommodate;so small that they can't accommodate 课文对译解读2 Reading for Writing 原文呈现 Write a summary① 1.Read the news report released② the day after a tsunami（动词-ed短语作后置定语，修饰the news report。） and answer the questions. 1.When did the tsunami happen? 【答案】It happened on 26 December 2004. 2.What caused the tsunami? 【答案】A very powerful earthquake of 9.0-magnitude which happened under the sea off the west coast of Sumatra Island in Indonesia. 3.Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies（it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语to deliver food and supplies。）? 【答案】Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. The Daily News TSUNAMI HITS ASIA： OVER 6,500 DEAD By③Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004 ［标题赏析］英语新闻标题常用一般现在时（即使是指过去的事件），从形式上来突出报道的及时性和简洁性。标题经常省略不必要的词，如冠词、名词、系动词、代词等。将"OVER 6,500 DEAD"补充完整为"OVER 6,500 PEOPLE ARE DEAD"。 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into④coastlines⑤across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India, Thailand, Malaysia,and at least four other countries.【1】Fishermen⑥, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away⑦by huge waves⑧caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.【2】The undersea quake struck⑨ around 7:00 a.m.， Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone⑩, at least 1,870 people were killed. In Sri Lanka, some⑪ 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre⑫, the number of deaths stood at⑬2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as⑭1,900 had been killed（过去完成时的被动语态，其构成是"had + been + 过去分词"。） along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead（"find+宾语+宾补（形容词）"结构的被动式） in Thailand and 54 in three other countries（54后省略了与and前的分句相同的部分"were found dead"）. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. "I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.（［句式］"Sb. was doing sth. when..."意为"某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……"，when是并列连词。） We had to leave everything and run to safety⑮," said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to⑯ grow even⑰ higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised（现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是"am/is/are+being+过去分词",表示被动和动作正在进行。） for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions⑱ and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver⑲food and supplies（"make+it +adj.+to do sth."结构，此处it是形式宾语，动词不定式短语to deliver food and supplies是真正的宾语。） 每日新闻 海啸侵袭亚洲：6 500余人遇难 罗伯特·伍德豪斯 2004年12月27日，星期一 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6 500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。这场海底地震于周日早上7时许侵袭了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近的海域。仅那个地区就至少有1 870人死亡。 政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498，另有100多万人受到海啸的影.响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区多达1 900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1 900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位女士钱德拉·特拉维说："我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。" 仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将进一步增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 课文重点词汇2 ①summary /ˈsʌməri/ n.［C］总结，概括，概要 派生词 summarize vt.& vi.总结，概述 拓展 in summary 总的来说，总之 ②release/rɪˈli:s/ vt. 发布,公布；释放 ③英语中，作者或记者的名字前一般需加上介词by。 ④crash into 撞上 crash /kræʃ/ vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击 ⑤coastline /ˈkəʊstlaɪn/ n.［C］海岸线 ⑥fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n.［C］渔民 fishing boat渔船 ⑦sweep away 冲走，吹走；消灭，彻底消除 sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. （swept, swept） （迅猛地）吹走；冲走；打扫；清扫 拓展 sweep up 打扫，清扫 ⑧wave /weɪv/ n.［C］ 海浪；波浪 ⑨strike /straɪk/ vi.& vt.（struck, struck/stricken）侵袭（=hit） ⑩alone /əˈləʊn/ 熟词生义 adv. （用于名词或代词后以加强语气）仅仅，单，只 ⑪some 熟词生义 adv.（用于数词前）大约，差不多（=about/around） ⑫the quake centre/center震中 妥善 the focus of an earthquake震源 ⑬stand at sth.达特定水平（或数量、高度等） stand vi. 熟词生义 达特定水平（或数量、高度等） ⑭as many as... 多达…… ⑮safety n. ［U］ 熟词生义 安全处所 ⑯be expected to do sth. 预计做某事 ⑰even adv.更（程度副词） 拓展 常用来修饰比较级的程度副词（短语）还有still, far, any, much, a lot 等。 ⑱condition /kənˈdɪʃən/ n. ［pl.］ （居住、工作或做事情的）环境，境况，条件 ⑲deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ vt. & vi. 递送；传达; vt. 发表 【即学即练】 课文语法填空 　　A tsunami caused by the most 　1　(power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing over 6,500 people in several 　2　(country). The undersea earthquake 　3　 reached a magnitude of 9.0 occurred around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island, 　4　(cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths stood 　5　 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 people were killed.  Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths 　6　(expect) to grow even 　7　(high) over the next few days. 　8　 foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries, dangerous conditions and 　9　(damage) roads will make it difficult 　10　(deliver) food and supplies.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   1.【答案】powerful　 【解析】考查形容词。根据设空处前面的the most和后面的名词earthquake可知此处应用形容词,power是名词,其形容词是powerful,意为“强大的”。故填powerful。 2.【答案】countries　 【解析】考查名词复数。由空前的several(几个)可知此处应用名词复数形式。故填countries。 3.【答案】which/that　 【解析】考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词earthquake,后面部分缺主语(设空处后面为谓语动词reached),且结合语境可知这里应表达“the undersea earthquake reached a magnitude of 9.0”,故设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰指物的名词,故填关系代词which或that。 4.【答案】causing　 【解析】考查现在分词。设空处所在句已有谓语occurred,所以设空处用非谓语动词形式;设空处指海底地震“造成”的结果,The undersea earthquake与cause之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。 5.【答案】at　 【解析】考查介词。 stand at表示“达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)”。此处指死亡人数达到2,498。故填at。 6.【答案】is expected　 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;the number of deaths和expect(预计)之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合前面的“are still missing”可知此处应用一般现在时,故填is expected。句意:仍有数千人失踪,死亡人数预计在接下来的几天还会增加。 7.【答案】higher　 【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知这里应用形容词比较级。even修饰比较级,用以加强比较。故填higher。 8.【答案】Though/Although/While　 【解析】考查连词。设空处所在句中间有逗号,逗号前后两部分都有主语,逗号前面表示“正在为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织外国援助”,后面表示“危险的环境和被破坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难”,故推测设空处应用though、although或while引导让步状语从句。注意首字母大写。 9.【答案】damaged　 【解析】考查过去分词。dangerous conditions and 　9　 roads是主句主语,roads是名词,缺少修饰成分,roads与damage之间为被动关系,故填过去分词damaged作定语。  10.【答案】to deliver　 【解析】考查不定式。make it difficult to do sth.为固定结构,意为“使做某事很困难”,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。故填to deliver。 考点三 课文知识解析 1. wave n．海浪；波浪，波涛；挥手 vi. & vt.挥手；招手 [教材原句]Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9级强震所引起的巨浪卷走。 wave goodbye to sb　　　　向某人挥手告别 向某人挥手 [佳句背诵] She refused my suggestion with a wave of her hand.她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①He waved to us as the bus drove off. ②I waved goodbye to him, but he ignored me. 2. strike vi.& vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；突然想到；(钟)敲；打动，迷住 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 [教材原句]　The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.海底地震于星期日上午7时许袭击了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域。 be struck by...　被……打动 某人突然想起…… [佳句背诵] The failure of their team struck sadness into the captain’s heart.他们队的失利让队长很伤心。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义 ①The clock struck twelve when I got home last night.(钟)敲 ②A terrible earthquake did strike the city on March 11.侵袭 ③A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper.突然想到 ④The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country.打动，迷住 3. effect n．影响；结果；效果 (1)have an effect on/upon　　对……产生影响 in effect 事实上 (2)effective adj. 有效的； 有影响的 [佳句背诵] There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect on the children. 毫无疑问，读书会对儿童有良好的影响。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①In effect，he didn’t make any errors this time. ②Go outdoors and play team games with your friends，which is an effective(effect) way to get rid of anger. 4.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 [句型公式]　be doing sth when...“正在做某事这时……” when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有： be doing...when...正在做……，这时…… be about to do...when...正要做……，这时…… had just done...when...刚做过……这时…… ①The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.这个男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。 ②We were having(have) a meeting when someone broke in. 当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。 ③I had just come out of the kitchen when someone knocked at the door.我刚从厨房出来，就有人敲门。 【即学即练】 一．单句语法填空 1.However, the majority of people are 　　　　　(effect) speakers because they train to be.   2.　　　　　 summary, my mom's simple act has a deep effect 　　　　　 me.   3.Our team of experts will be 　　　　　 hand to offer help between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily.   4.The Englishman did what he said. He came to China in 1986 with a plan to run the whole 　　　　　(long) of the Great Wall.   5.With millions of riders on the road, China's food 　　　　　(deliver) industry has long prided itself on being able to reach every corner of the country.  6.I will spare no effort 　　　　　(introduce) more aspects of Chinese culture to students through more events, and further raise their interest in learning Chinese and understanding Chinese culture.  7.　　　　　 struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to know what I didn't know.  8.Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all 　　　　　 he saw and heard in China.   1.【答案】effective　 【解析】考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作定语,修饰复数名词speakers,故填形容词effective,意为“卓有成效的”。句意:然而,大多数人是因为他们受过训练才成为卓有成效的演讲者。 2.【答案】In;on　 【解析】考查介词。句意:总之,我妈妈简单的行为对我影响很深。in summary意为“总之”,第一空置于句首,第一个字母要大写,故填In。have a(n)...effect on...意为“对……有……的影响”,故第二空填on。 3.【答案】on　 【解析】考查固定搭配。on hand意为“在场;在近旁;现有(尤指帮助)”。句意:每天上午8点到下午5点,我们的专家小组将随时/现场提供帮助。 4.【答案】length　 【解析】考查名词。句意:那个英国人说到做到。他在1986年来到中国,计划跑完长城的全程。根据空前的the whole和空后的of可知此处应用名词,long是形容词,其名词是length。 5.【答案】delivery　 【解析】考查名词。句意:中国拥有数百万外卖骑手在路上,长期以来,中国外卖行业一直以能够触及全国各个角落而自豪。food delivery表示“食品配送”,故填delivery。本题中pride用作动词,pride oneself on (doing) sth.意为“为……而骄傲/自豪”。 6.【答案】to introduce　 【解析】考查不定式。spare no effort to do sth.意为“不遗余力地做某事”。故填不定式to introduce。句意:我将不遗余力地通过更多的活动向学生介绍中国文化的更多方面,进一步提高他们学习中文和了解中国文化的兴趣。 7.【答案】It　 【解析】考查代词。It strikes/struck sb. that...意为“某人突然想到……”,It为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。设空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填It。句意: 我突然意识到,我假装知道我不知道的事情,以此来欺骗自己。 8.【答案】that　 【解析】考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前的all为空后的saw and heard的宾语,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作宾语,先行词为all,故关系词用that。句意:杰夫教授将给学生们做一个关于他在中国的所见所闻的报告。 二．完成句子 1.由于心里发慌,我深吸了一口气,试图平静下来,然后向我的新老师挥了挥手。 With butterflies in my stomach, I 　　　　 　　　　, trying to 　　　　 　　　　, and then 　　　　 　　　　 my new teacher.(读后续写—动作描写)  2.(2021新高考Ⅰ写作)我正在访问我们学校的网站,这时我注意到了英文报Youth。(was/were doing...when...) I 　　　　 　　　　 our school's website 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the English newspaper Youth.   3.雨开始下得很大,使得难以透过窗户看到她前院的树木。(现在分词作结果状语,make) Rain started to come down hard, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the trees in her front yard through the window.(读后续写—场景描写)  【答案】1.breathed deeply;calm down;waved at/to　2.was visiting;when I noticed　3.making it hard to see 一．语法填空 A (2025广东江门期中) As far as I know, the heavy storm was one of the worst events of the city. It struck the western part of the city last night. The wind speed reached eighty kilometres per hour. The storm caused serious damage 　1　 at least two hundred homes. A great number of people 　2　(leave) homeless after the 　3　(roof) of the houses were swept away. Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere, which made people 　4　(frighten).   In Main Street, the city park was flooded completely. Many cars were destroyed completely by floodwater. One car 　5　(own) without full insurance(保险) burst out 　6　(cry). Some cars were carried across the parking area 　7　 thrown into storm-water drains. In another block, a tree fell on a bus 　8　 was taking some football players to a game. 　9　(lucky), no one on the bus got injured.   It was pleasing that the storm was finally at 　10　 end after doing extreme damage.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一场暴风雨对一座城市造成的破坏。 【高频词汇】　1.as far as I know据我所知　2.scene n.场面,情景　3.burst out...突然……起来　4.injure v.使受伤　5.extreme adj.极大的;严重的 1.【答案】to　 【解析】考查介词。cause damage to...为固定搭配,表示“对……造成损害”。故填to。 2.【答案】were left　 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。提示词leave在句中意为“使……处于某种状态”,空前为主语,所以设空处为谓语,根据该空后面的“were swept away”可知这里讲的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。people与leave之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,“a number of+表示复数意义的词”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。故填were left。 3.【答案】roofs　 【解析】考查名词复数。根据后面的“of the houses”以及were可知设空处应用复数形式。故填roofs。 4.【答案】frightened　 【解析】考查形容词。句意:到处可见灾难的场景,这使人们感到恐惧。设空处在which引导的定语从句中构成“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语为people,所以宾语补足语表达人们的心理感受,表示“感到恐惧的”。故填frightened。 5.【答案】owner　 【解析】考查名词。句意:一位没有上全险的车主突然哭了起来。car owner表示“车主”。故填名词owner。 6.【答案】crying　 【解析】考查动名词。burst out crying为固定搭配,表示“突然大哭起来”。故填crying。 7.【答案】and　 【解析】考查连词。句意:一些汽车被拖到停车场的另一边,然后被扔进了雨水排水管道。“were carried across the parking area”和“(were)thrown into storm-water drains”是接连发生的两个动作,为顺承关系。故填and。 8【答案】.that/which　 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空后的was taking some football players to a game的主语是前面的bus,所以设空处引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词bus并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that或which。句意:在另一个街区,一棵树倒在了一辆正载着一些足球运动员前往比赛的公交车上。 9.【答案】Luckily　 【解析】考查副词。设空处在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,且位于句首,首字母大写。故填Luckily。句意:幸运的是,公交车上没有人受伤。 10.【答案】an　 【解析】考查冠词。at an end意为“结束”。故填不定冠词an。句意:令人高兴的是,这场造成了巨大破坏的暴风雨终于结束了。 B (2025湖北部分高中联盟期中) 　　The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR)　1　(form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 　2　 lives are changed by a storm, flood, earthquake, drought, or any other natural disaster.  After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and the team won high praise 　3　 their bravery and skill. Since then, the CISAR 　4　(complete) many missions. The list of people to whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than 3,000 people 　5　(injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent several months 　6　(give) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.  Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water and other 　7　(supply). They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be 　8　(danger). And they even bury 　9　 dead. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage to risk one's own life 　10　(save) someone else.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国国际救援队的组成,开展的国际救援行动以及救援人员的工作内容与要求。 【高频词汇】　1.be made up of由……组成　2.mission n.任务;使命　3.hand out分发　4.risk v.使……冒风险;冒……的危险 1.【答案】was formed　 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语,由时间状语in 2001可知,此处用一般过去时,且提示词form与主语The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR)之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填was formed。句意:中国国际救援队成立于2001年,目前由数百名救援人员和大约20只嗅探犬组成。 2.【答案】whose　 【解析】考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,结合语境可知,设空处为lives(生活)的定语,表示“那些人的生活”,所以设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,所以用关系代词whose。 3.【答案】for　 【解析】考查介词。win praise for...意为“因……赢得赞扬”。故填for。 4.【答案】has/have completed　 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语,结合时间状语Since then可知,此处用现在完成时,主语为集体名词,强调整体时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;强调救援队中的很多个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。故填has completed或have completed。 5.【答案】injured　 【解析】考查过去分词。本句谓语是treated,所以设空处用非谓语动词形式,分析句子结构可知,“　5　(injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia”作后置定语,修饰名词people,提示词injure与people之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。故填injured。句意:该团队治疗了2006年印度尼西亚地震中受伤的3,000多人,并花了几个月的时间为2010年巴基斯坦洪水中的25,000多名罹难者提供了援助。  6.【答案】giving　 【解析】考查动名词。此处是“spend time (in) doing sth.”结构,表示“花时间做某事”。故填giving。 7.【答案】supplies　 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:救援人员接受过搜寻人员、治疗伤口以及分发食品、水和其他补给品方面的训练。设空处表示“补给品”,应用复数形式supplies。 8.【答案】dangerous 　【解析】考查形容词。设空处在which引导的定语从句中作表语,应用形容词形式,which指代conditions,故设空处填dangerous,意为“危险的”。 9.【答案】the　 【解析】考查冠词。句意:他们甚至还埋葬死者。这里表示一类人,用“the+形容词”结构,the dead意为“死者”。故填the。 10.【答案】to save　 【解析】考查不定式。句意:冒着自己的生命危险去救别人需要很多爱和勇气。risk one's life to do sth.意为“冒着生命危险做某事”,故填to save。 三．阅读理解 A (2025山东济宁期中) Once upon a time in the small coastal town of Havenbrook, life was peaceful and happy. The town's residents(居民) enjoyed the beauty of the ocean and the quiet of their homes. However, one fateful day, their peaceful life was turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster. The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routine, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out on the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the control of a powerful hurricane. The hurricane's fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The town's emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and mothered people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair(绝望). After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery(恢复) process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins. 1.What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A.The residents sensed the coming storm. B.The residents were unprepared for daily life. C.The residents often experienced natural disasters. D.The residents led a peaceful life before the disaster. 2.What's the main idea of Paragraph 3? A.The residents started rescue work.　　 B.The residents left their homes hopefully. C.The hurricane arrived without any warning.　　 D.The hurricane caused severe damage and fear. 3.How did the town's emergency services respond to the disaster? A.They sent people to safety using boats. B.They rescued the mothers first by boat. C.They waited for the storm to pass before taking any action. D.They were unable to reach the affected areas due to the storm. 4.What does the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Difficult.　　B.Merry.　　C.Effortless.　　D.Annoying. ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述沿海小镇 Havenbrook 遭受飓风袭击前后的变化,展现了灾难的破坏力以及人们在面对灾难时的坚韧和团结。 【高频词汇】　1.once upon a time从前　2.upside down颠倒;倒转;翻转　3.cast v.投射　4.in the control of 在……的控制下　5.in terror惊恐地　6.speed up(使) 加速　7.respond to对……做出反应 【熟词生义】　1.quiet 熟义:adj.安静的;轻声的　生义:n.宁静;安静　2.progress 熟义:n.& v.进展;进步　生义:v.(时间)流逝;推移　3.pick up 熟义:捡起;拿起　生义:(风)变强　4.wash 熟义:v.洗　生义:v.(向着某一方向)流动;冲向　5.mother 熟义:n.母亲　生义:v.像母亲般照管　6.pool 熟义:n.池塘　生义:v.共用,合伙使用 【差距词汇】　1.fateful adj.对未来有重大影响的;灾难的　2.brew v.酝酿,即将来临　3.whip v.驱使,促使 4.frenzy n.狂暴,狂乱　5.navigate v.沿所需航线航行 1.【答案】D　 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“life was peaceful and happy”和“The town's residents enjoyed...the quiet of their homes.”可知,灾害发生前,居民过着平静的生活。故选D。 2.【答案】D　 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段的描述“飓风的狂风席卷了整个小镇,将屋顶撕成碎片,把树木连根拔起。大海在暴风雨的肆虐下变得狂躁不安,巨大的海浪涌入小镇,淹没了街道和房屋。毫无防备的居民赶忙寻找栖身之地。许多人被困在家中,随着水位越来越高,他们惊恐地等待着”可知该段主要讲了飓风给小镇带来的严重破坏和恐惧。故选D。 3.【答案】A　 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句中的“worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger”“used boats”“mothered people to safety”可知,小镇的应急服务机构使用船只将人们护送到安全地带。故选A。 4.【答案】A　 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life.”可知,画线词描述的是人们灾后重建家园的工作,根据后文对重建工作的描述“They worked together, pooling their resources and skills...Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to...”以及最后一句中的Slowly可知,重建工作是一项艰巨且进展缓慢的任务。由此推知,画线词表示“艰难的”,与A项的difficult为同义词。故选A。B.愉快的;C.容易的;D.使烦恼的。 B (2024云南昭通期中) Landslides occur when large quantities of substances(物质), including rocks, earth and trees, slide down a slope(斜坡). They may occur as a result of fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms or human activities. Landslides are particularly dangerous because they strike suddenly, move at extremely high speed, and travel long distance. Although landslides are often difficult to predict, you can prepare for them. 　1　   Keep yourself alert and awake. Landslides can occur quite suddenly, so you need to be ready to take action at a moment's notice. Many landslide-related deaths occur while people are asleep. 　2　   　3　 Your local community should have a designated(指定的) public shelter. Go to the shelter if your home is unsafe or the authorities have called for an evacuation.  Consult local officials about past landslides. Landslides tend to happen in the same area where they have occurred before. 　4　 If you are in an at-risk area, consider getting a site analysis of your property. This will help you determine necessary corrective measures.   Make an emergency kit. 　5　 Make your kit in advance so it is ready when needed. Your kit should contain enough food and water to last for at least 72 hours, as well as supplies like medications, flashlights, batteries, cellphones, copies of personal documents, and cash.   A.Notice unusual sounds. B.Go to a public shelter. C.Here are some tips which can help you. D.Talk to local officials about landslides in your area. E.In the event of a landslide or other emergencies, choose a place. F.If you are with other people, work together to keep one another awake. G.An emergency kit contains the essentials that your household will need during an emergency. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何应对滑坡给出了一些具体可行的建议。 【高频词汇】　1.occur v.发生　2.quantity n.数量 3.extremely adv.极其;非常　4.predict v.预测　5.take action采取行动　6.analysis n.分析　7.determine v.确定;决定　8.in advance提前 【差距词汇】　in the event of...如果……发生 1.【答案】C　 【解析】过渡句。设空处上句提到,虽然滑坡常常难以预测,但是你可以为滑坡做一些准备工作。下文给出了四条具体的建议。C项“这里有一些可以帮助你的小建议”承上启下,符合语境。故选C。 2.【答案】F　 【解析】细节句。本段主旨句为“使你自己保持警觉和清醒”,空前讲到许多与滑坡有关的死亡发生在人们睡着的时候。F项“如果你和其他人在一起,一起努力让彼此保持清醒”提议要保持清醒,承接上文且与本段主旨句意思一致,符合语境。故选F。 3.【答案】B　 【解析】主旨句。设空处为主旨句,本段主要讲了可以到指定的公共避难所避难。分析选项可知,B项“去公共避难所”能够概括本段主要内容。故选B。 4.【答案】D　 【解析】细节句。本段主旨句为“咨询当地官员过去发生的滑坡”,分析选项可知,D项“和当地官员谈谈你所在地区的滑坡”与本段主旨句意思一致,符合语境。故选D。 5.【答案】G　 【解析】细节句。根据本段主旨句“Make an emergency kit.”可知,本段给出的建议是准备一个应急包。分析选项可知,G项“应急包包含你们一家人在紧急情况下需要的必需品”与本段主旨相关,符合语境。故选G。 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $