第04讲 （人教版选择性必修第一册）单词、短语、重点易考单词变形+词义辨析（专项训练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦选择性必修一核心词汇，通过多维度题型构建“基础拼写-语境应用-语篇综合”的递进式训练体系，强化语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完成句子（汉语提示）|35题|根据汉语提示写单词，考查词汇拼写与词性|从孤立词汇记忆到基本应用，覆盖教材核心词义| |完成句子（首字母提示）|35题|根据首字母补全单词，考查语境词汇推断|衔接词汇记忆与语境理解，强化词义辨析| |完形填空|15题|语篇中词汇辨析与逻辑衔接，选项含动词、名词等|从单句词汇到语篇连贯，提升综合语言运用| |语法填空|10题|词汇在语法结构中的变形与应用，如词性转换|融合词汇与语法知识，构建“词汇-语法-语篇”逻辑链|

选择性必修一词汇综合检测 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分（完成句子 共70分） 一、根据括号内汉语提示，用适当的形式完成句子。（共35小题，每小题1分，共35分。） 1．Artemisinin has become a __________ (至关重要的) part of the treatment for malaria. 2．Tu Youyou is a __________ (尽心尽力的) and patient scientist who won the Nobel Prize. 3．She was awarded a doctorate by the Chinese __________ (科学院) of Medical Sciences. 4．The __________ (目标) of this research is to find a cure for the disease. 5．It is necessary to __________ (评估) the effectiveness of the new drug before putting it on the market. 6．One of the __________ (性质) of this chemical substance is that it dissolves easily in water. 7．There is a __________ (清晰的) difference between the two extracts obtained from the same plant. 8．The __________ (提取物) of wormwood has been used to treat malaria for centuries. 9．She spent many hours __________ (煮沸) the mixture to get the liquid form. 10．Scientists managed to __________ (获得) a pure substance from the plant after years of research. 11．The scientific community has __________ (承认) the great contribution of Tu Youyou to medicine. 12．The team __________ (击败) their competitors and won the research funding. 13．After careful __________ (分析) of the data, they drew an important conclusion. 14．The substance is __________ (显而易见) poisonous, so it must be handled with great care. 15．He __________ (坚持) that he had never taken any credit for others' work. 16．He drew a __________ (结论) based on the experimental results he had obtained. 17．The scientist __________ (逃离) his home country to avoid persecution during the war. 18．Under no __________ (环境) should we give up our scientific research. 19．The __________ (小说家) wrote several novels based on his own life experiences. 20．She __________ (创建) a research institute dedicated to the study of traditional Chinese medicine. 21．From the data provided, we can __________ (推断) that the treatment is effective. 22．The __________ (政治家) delivered a speech on the importance of science education. 23．There are __________ (众多的) examples of how scientific discoveries have changed our lives. 24．Einstein developed the __________ (理论) of relativity which revolutionized physics. 25．The __________ (公式) for calculating the speed of light is well known to physicists. 26．Einstein was considered a __________ (天才) who had an extraordinary mind. 27．He was a __________ (温柔的) man who was loved by everyone who knew him. 28．The scientist applied for a __________ (专利) to protect his invention. 29．He had a great __________ (激情) for physics and spent all his time studying it. 30．Her success was __________ (非凡的) considering the difficulties she faced. 31．The situation has __________ (逐渐地) improved over the past few years. 32．The new government came to __________ (掌权) after the election. 33．The research __________ (机构) has produced many outstanding scientists. 34．One __________ (后果) of the discovery was that millions of lives were saved. 35．He decided to take up a __________ (职位) at the university after completing his studies. 二、根据首字母提示完成句子。（共35小题，每小题1分，共35分。） 36．The hill appeared as a black mass in the d__________. 37．We must c__________ adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market. 38．They thought his behaviour was a__________ and strange. 39．We try to help all students realize their full p__________. 40．One of the victims of the fire remains in a c__________ condition. 41．The company is a world leader in e__________ goods. 42．O__________ in finishing his task, he didn't realize the danger was approaching. 43．Smoke d__________ are cheap and easy to put up. 44．Without a reasonable education, all kinds of strange and f__________ ideas will take root. 45．This is a c__________ waste of resources. 46．We must combine revolutionary spirits with s__________ development. 47．He found a note on the wall that said "Please switch o__________ the lights when you leave." 48．Please take care of my mother during my a__________. 49．We anticipated that our plan would meet with r__________. 50．It is important to keep in touch w__________ the latest research. 51．The article a__________ reflects public opinion. 52．They are seriously concerned about s__________. 53．Tastes and p__________ vary from individual to individual. 54．She arranged everything with her special e__________. 55．The engines shut off a__________ in an emergency. 56．It was a l__________ if you had a washing machine in those days. 57．The air is full of millions of i__________ germs. 58．At five in the morning he set out t__________ do his work. 59．A__________ by the committee, his plan will be used in many fields. 60．The p__________ order meant that the book could not be sold in this country. 61．It is a very r__________ exercise to work this out oneself. 62．The fault was discovered during a r__________ check. 63．It seemed i__________ that she had lived on a lonely island for a month already. 64．Environmentalists appeal t__________ every government to protect the environment. 65．A__________ by his parents, the blind boy stepped onto the stage proudly. 66．She finds her chief a__________ in drawing. 67．It's becoming f__________ to have long hair again. 68．The price of wine varies e__________ depending on where it comes from. 69．Jarvis found his attention w__________, and didn't notice what had happened. 70．This disease is r__________ transferred from mother to baby. 一、根据括号内汉语提示完成句子 1．【答案】crucial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的关键组成部分。设空处修饰名词part，表示“至关重要的”用形容词crucial。crucial来自Unit 1。故填crucial。 2．【答案】committed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦是一位尽心尽力且有耐心的科学家，她获得了诺贝尔奖。设空处修饰名词scientist，表示“尽心尽力的”用形容词committed。committed来自Unit 1。故填committed。 3．【答案】Academy 【详解】考查名词。句意：她被中国医学科学院授予博士学位。设空处作宾语，表示“科学院”用Academy，首字母大写。academy来自Unit 1。故填Academy。 4．【答案】objective 【详解】考查名词。句意：这项研究的目标是找到治疗这种疾病的方法。设空处作主语，表示“目标”用objective。objective来自Unit 1。故填objective。 5．【答案】evaluate 【详解】考查动词。句意：在将新药投放市场之前，有必要评估其有效性。设空处跟在It is necessary to后，表示“评估”用动词原形evaluate。evaluate来自Unit 1。故填evaluate。 6．【答案】properties 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这种化学物质的性质之一是它能很容易地溶于水。设空处作主语，表示“性质”用property，结合语境用复数形式properties。property来自Unit 1。故填properties。 7．【答案】distinct 【详解】考查形容词。句意：从同一植物中获得的两种提取物之间有明显的区别。设空处修饰difference，表示“清晰的”用形容词distinct。distinct来自Unit 1。故填distinct。 8．【答案】extract 【详解】考查名词。句意：青蒿的提取物已被用于治疗疟疾数个世纪。设空处作主语，表示“提取物”用extract。extract来自Unit 1。故填extract。 9．【答案】boiling 【详解】考查动名词。句意：她花了很多小时煮沸混合物以获得液体形态。设空处作宾语，表示“煮沸”用动名词boiling，spend time doing sth为固定搭配。boil来自Unit 1。故填boiling。 10．【答案】obtain 【详解】考查动词。句意：经过多年的研究，科学家们成功地从植物中获得了纯净物质。设空处跟在managed to后，表示“获得”用动词原形obtain。obtain来自Unit 1。故填obtain。 11．【答案】acknowledged 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：科学界已经承认了屠呦呦对医学的巨大贡献。设空处作谓语，表示“承认”用acknowledge，结合has可知用过去分词构成现在完成时。acknowledge来自Unit 1。故填acknowledged。 12．【答案】defeated 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：该团队击败了竞争对手，获得了研究资金。设空处作谓语，表示“击败”用defeat，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时defeated。defeat来自Unit 1。故填defeated。 13．【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过对数据的仔细分析，他们得出了重要结论。设空处作宾语，表示“分析”用analysis。analyse的名词形式analysis来自Unit 1。故填analysis。 14．【答案】apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：这种物质显然有毒，因此必须极其小心地处理。设空处修饰形容词poisonous，表示“显而易见”用副词apparently。apparently来自Unit 1。故填apparently。 15．【答案】insisted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他坚称自己从未把别人的功劳占为己有。设空处作谓语，表示“坚持”用insist，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时insisted。insist来自Unit 1。故填insisted。 16．【答案】conclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：他根据自己获得的实验结果得出了结论。设空处作宾语，表示“结论”用conclusion，构成短语draw a conclusion。conclusion来自Unit 1。故填conclusion。 17．【答案】fled 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这位科学家在战争期间逃离了自己的祖国以避免迫害。设空处作谓语，表示“逃离”用flee，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时fled。flee来自Unit 1。故填fled。 18．【答案】circumstances 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：在任何情况下，我们都不应该放弃科学研究。设空处构成短语under no circumstances，表示“环境”，用circumstance的复数形式。circumstance来自Unit 1。故填circumstances。 19．【答案】novelist 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位小说家根据自己的生活经历写了几部小说。设空处作主语，表示“小说家”用novelist。novelist来自Unit 1。故填novelist。 20．【答案】founded 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她创建了一个致力于研究中医药的研究所。设空处作谓语，表示“创建”用found，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时founded。found来自Unit 1。故填founded。 21．【答案】infer 【详解】考查动词。句意：从提供的数据中，我们可以推断这种治疗是有效的。设空处跟在情态动词can后，表示“推断”用动词原形infer。infer来自Unit 1。故填infer。 22．【答案】politician 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位政治家就科学教育的重要性发表了演讲。设空处作主语，表示“政治家”用politician。politician来自Unit 1。故填politician。 23．【答案】numerous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有很多例子可以说明科学发现如何改变了我们的生活。设空处修饰examples，表示“众多的”用形容词numerous。numerous来自Unit 1。故填numerous。 24．【答案】theory 【详解】考查名词。句意：爱因斯坦提出了相对论，这一理论彻底改变了物理学。设空处作宾语，表示“理论”用theory。theory来自Unit 1。故填theory。 25．【答案】formula 【详解】考查名词。句意：计算光速的公式为物理学家所熟知。设空处作主语，表示“公式”用formula。formula来自Unit 1。故填formula。 26．【答案】genius 【详解】考查名词。句意：爱因斯坦被认为是一位拥有非凡头脑的天才。设空处作宾语，表示“天才”用genius。genius来自Unit 1。故填genius。 27．【答案】gentle 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是一个温柔的人，所有认识他的人都喜欢他。设空处修饰man，表示“温柔的”用形容词gentle。gentle来自Unit 1。故填gentle。 28．【答案】patent 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位科学家申请了专利来保护他的发明。设空处作宾语，表示“专利”用patent，构成短语apply for a patent。patent来自Unit 1。故填patent。 29．【答案】passion 【详解】考查名词。句意：他对物理学充满激情，花了所有的时间来研究它。设空处作宾语，表示“激情”用passion。passion来自Unit 1。故填passion。 30．【答案】extraordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：考虑到她所面临的困难，她的成功是非凡的。设空处作表语，表示“非凡的”用形容词extraordinary。extraordinary来自Unit 1。故填extraordinary。 31．【答案】gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里，这种情况已经逐渐改善。设空处修饰动词improved，表示“逐渐地”用副词gradually。gradually来自Unit 1。故填gradually。 32．【答案】power 【详解】考查名词。句意：新政府选举后开始掌权。设空处构成短语come to power，表示“掌权”，用名词power。power来自Unit 1。故填power。 33．【答案】institution 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个研究机构培养了许多杰出的科学家。设空处作主语，表示“机构”用institution。institution来自Unit 1。故填institution。 34．【答案】consequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：这一发现的一个后果是挽救了数百万人的生命。设空处作主语，表示“后果”用consequence。consequence来自Unit 1。故填consequence。 35．【答案】position 【详解】考查名词。句意：完成学业后，他决定在大学任职。设空处作宾语，表示“职位”用position，构成短语take up a position。position来自Unit 1。故填position。 二、根据首字母提示完成句子 36．【答案】distance 【详解】考查名词。句意：那座小山在远处呈现为一个黑色的团块。设空处表示“远处”以d开头，用名词distance，构成短语in the distance。distance来自Unit 2。故填distance。 37．【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们必须不断适应和创新，以确保在增长中的市场上取得成功。设空处修饰动词adapt，表示“不断地”以c开头，用副词constantly。constant的副词形式constantly来自Unit 2。故填constantly。 38．【答案】abnormal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们认为他的行为是不正常和奇怪的。设空处与strange并列作表语，表示“不正常的”以a开头，用形容词abnormal。abnormal来自Unit 2。故填abnormal。 39．【答案】potential 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们试图帮助所有学生实现他们的全部潜力。设空处作宾语，表示“潜力”以p开头，用名词potential。potential来自Unit 2。故填potential。 40．【答案】critical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：火灾的其中一名受害者仍处于危急状态。设空处修饰condition，表示“危急的”以c开头，用形容词critical。critical来自Unit 2。故填critical。 41．【答案】electrical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这家公司在电子产品领域是全球领导者。设空处修饰goods，表示“电的”以e开头，用形容词electrical。electrical来自Unit 2。故填electrical。 42．【答案】Occupied 【详解】考查形容词。句意：忙于完成他的任务时，他没有意识到危险正在逼近。设空处表示“忙于”以O开头，用形容词Occupied，构成短语be occupied in doing sth。occupy的过去分词occupied来自Unit 4。故填Occupied。 43．【答案】detectors 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：烟雾探测器很便宜且易于安装。设空处作主语，表示“探测器”以d开头，结合are可知用名词复数detectors。detect的名词形式detector来自Unit 2。故填detectors。 44．【答案】fantastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：没有合理的教育，各种奇怪和奇异的想法就会扎根。设空处与strange并列修饰ideas，表示“奇异的”以f开头，用形容词fantastic。fantasy的形容词形式fantastic来自Unit 2。故填fantastic。 45．【答案】criminal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是对资源的犯罪性浪费。设空处修饰waste，表示“犯罪的”以c开头，用形容词criminal。crime的形容词形式criminal来自Unit 2。故填criminal。 46．【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们必须把革命精神和科学发展结合起来。设空处修饰development，表示“科学的”以s开头，用形容词scientific。science的形容词形式scientific来自Unit 1。故填scientific。 47．【答案】off 【详解】考查副词。句意：他在墙上发现一张纸条，上面写着“离开时请关灯”。设空处构成短语switch off，表示“关掉”以o开头，用副词off。switch off来自Unit 2。故填off。 48．【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：在我离开期间请照顾好我的母亲。设空处作宾语，表示“离开”以a开头，用名词absence，构成短语during one's absence。absent的名词形式absence来自Unit 2。故填absence。 49．【答案】resistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们预料我们的计划会遇到抵制。设空处作宾语，表示“抵制”以r开头，用名词resistance。resist的名词形式resistance来自Unit 2。故填resistance。 50．【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：与最新的研究保持联系很重要。设空处构成短语keep in touch with，表示“与……保持联系”以w开头，用介词with。keep in touch with来自Unit 2。故填with。 51．【答案】accurately 【详解】考查副词。句意：这篇文章准确地反映了公众舆论。设空处修饰动词reflects，表示“准确地”以a开头，用副词accurately。accurate的副词形式accurately来自Unit 2。故填accurately。 52．【答案】security 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们非常关心安全问题。设空处作宾语，表示“安全”以s开头，用名词security。secure的名词形式security来自Unit 2。故填security。 53．【答案】preferences 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：口味和偏好因人而异。设空处与tastes并列作主语，表示“偏好”以p开头，结合vary可知用名词复数preferences。prefer的名词形式preference来自Unit 2。故填preferences。 54．【答案】efficiency 【详解】考查名词。句意：她以她特有的效率安排了一切。设空处作宾语，表示“效率”以e开头，用名词efficiency。efficient的名词形式efficiency来自Unit 2。故填efficiency。 55．【答案】automatically 【详解】考查副词。句意：发动机在紧急情况下会自动关闭。设空处修饰动词shut off，表示“自动地”以a开头，用副词automatically。automatic的副词形式automatically来自Unit 2。故填automatically。 56．【答案】luxury 【详解】考查名词。句意：在那些日子里，如果你有一台洗衣机，那就是一种奢侈。设空处作表语，表示“奢侈”以l开头，用名词luxury。luxury来自Unit 2。故填luxury。 57．【答案】invisible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：空气中充满了数百万看不见的细菌。设空处修饰germs，表示“看不见的”以i开头，用形容词invisible。visible的反义词invisible来自Unit 3。故填invisible。 58．【答案】to 【详解】考查不定式。句意：清晨五点，他出发去做他的工作。设空处构成短语set out to do sth，表示“开始做某事”以t开头，用不定式符号to。set out to do来自Unit 3。故填to。 59．【答案】Adopted 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：被委员会采纳后，他的计划将被用于许多领域以改善人们的生活。设空处作状语，表示“被采纳”以A开头，用过去分词Adopted。adopt来自Unit 3。故填Adopted。 60．【答案】prohibition 【详解】考查名词。句意：禁令意味着这本书不能在这个国家销售。设空处修饰order，表示“禁止”以p开头，用名词prohibition。prohibit的名词形式prohibition来自Unit 3。故填prohibition。 61．【答案】rewarding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：靠自己解决这个问题是非常有益的锻炼。设空处修饰exercise，表示“有益的”以r开头，用形容词rewarding。rewarding来自Unit 3。故填rewarding。 62．【答案】routine 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个故障是在一次例行检查中发现的。设空处修饰check，表示“例行的”以r开头，用形容词routine。routine来自Unit 3。故填routine。 63．【答案】incredible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她已经在孤岛上生活了一个月，这似乎令人难以置信。设空处作表语，表示“难以置信的”以i开头，用形容词incredible。incredible来自Unit 3。故填incredible。 64．【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：环保主义者呼吁各国政府保护环境。设空处构成短语appeal to，表示“呼吁”以t开头，用介词to。appeal to来自Unit 3。故填to。 65．【答案】Accompanied 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在父母的陪同下，盲童自豪地走上了舞台。设空处作状语，表示“被陪同”以A开头，用过去分词Accompanied。accompany来自Unit 3。故填Accompanied。 66．【答案】amusement 【详解】考查名词。句意：她发现绘画是她主要的娱乐。设空处作宾语，表示“娱乐”以a开头，用名词amusement。amuse的名词形式amusement来自Unit 3。故填amusement。 67．【答案】fashionable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：再次留长发变得很时髦。设空处作表语，表示“时髦的”以f开头，用形容词fashionable。fashion的形容词形式fashionable来自Unit 3。故填fashionable。 68．【答案】enormously 【详解】考查副词。句意：葡萄酒的价格因其产地不同而有很大差异。设空处修饰动词varies，表示“极大地”以e开头，用副词enormously。enormous的副词形式enormously来自Unit 3。故填enormously。 69．【答案】wandering 【详解】考查动名词。句意：贾维斯发现自己的注意力在走神，没有注意到刚才发生了什么。设空处构成find one's attention doing结构，表示“走神”以w开头，用动名词wandering。wander来自Unit 3。故填wandering。 70．【答案】rarely 【详解】考查副词。句意：这种疾病很少由母亲传染给婴儿。设空处修饰动词transferred，表示“很少”以r开头，用副词rarely。rare的副词形式rarely来自Unit 3。故填rarely。 第二部分（完形填空 共15分） 三、本题共15小题，每小1分，共10分。根据题意，在设空处填写适当的单词或填写括号内单词的适当形式。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mia and Zoe had been inseparable since middle school, bound by a shared___71___of launching a tutoring program for kids from low-income families. Both top students, they’d spent months ___72___ lesson plans, convinced their project could light up young minds starved for resources. But turning that vision into action___73___far sooner than they’d imagined. First, they faced a funding crisis—their savings were nowhere near enough for textbooks or rent. Then, the local community center ___74___ their application for a free venue, claiming it was reserved for “urgent public services”. Discouragement hung over them; even some friends ___75___ them, saying the project was too ambitious for teens. “We can’t let ‘no’s kill what we care about” Zoe said, voice steady despite the___76___in her eyes. “Instead of waiting for others to___77___us, we must find our own way.” Mia nodded, and the___78___ of a skill-sharing fair popped into their heads—charge small fees for artisan workshops and donate all profits. They spent weeks___79___the fair, posting flyers and speaking at neighborhood meetings. Some artisans hesitated, worried about a ____80____event, but the girls’ passion won them over. On fair day, a thunderstorm knocked out power. Panic flickered on Zoe’s face, but Mia grabbed her: “Move indoors—we’ve come too far to ____81____.” ____82____, the fair was a huge success, raising three times their target. Three months later, their “Bright Future Program” opened, quickly becoming one of the most____83____in the area. For Mia and Zoe, the journey proved true friendship isn’t just sharing joys, but____84____when the going gets tough. For the whole neighborhood, it was a ____85____ that ordinary people with grit can do extraordinary things. 71. A. dream B. resolve C. regret D. aspiration 72. A. revising B. devising C. duplicating D. verifying 73. A. ran into snags B. came to fruition C. hit the hay D. made ends meet 74. A. deliberated B. endorsed C. rejected D. suspended 75. A. consoled B. disparaged C. acclaimed D. ignored 76. A. fury B. uncertainty C. mist D. glisten 77. A. subsidize B. emulate C. assist D. supervise 78. A. proposition B. notion C. aftermath D. secret 79. A. publicizing B. liaising C. contrasting D. affiliating 80. A. prevalent B. mundane C. futile D. trivial 81. A. hold fast B. throw in the towel C. speed up D. break down 82. A. Evidently B. Fortuitously C. Conceivably D. Spontaneously 83. A. exacting B. intricate C. promising D. acclaimed 84. A. sticking together B. splitting up C. drifting apart D. falling out 85. A. testimony B. admonition C. prerequisite D. criterion 【答案】71. D 72. B 73. A 74. C 75. B 76. D 77. C 78. B 79. A 80. C 81. B 82. B 83. D 84. A 85. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Mia 和 Zoe 两个女孩为了实现帮助低收入家庭孩子的愿望，克服资金和场地困难，通过举办手工艺集市筹集资金，最终成功启动项目的故事，证明了友谊的力量和普通人的坚毅。 71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mia和Zoe从中学起就形影不离，她们有着共同的愿望，要为低收入家庭的孩子开办一个辅导项目。A. dream梦想；B. resolve决心；C. regret遗憾；D. aspiration强烈的愿望；抱负。根据下文“launching a tutoring program for kids from low-income families”以及“convinced their project could light up young minds”可知，这是她们共同的美好愿景，aspiration更侧重于远大的志向或抱负，符合语境。故选D项。 72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为优等生，她们花了几个月的时间设计教案，深信她们的项目能点亮那些渴望资源的年轻心灵。A. revising修改；B. devising设计；发明；C. duplicating复制；D. verifying核实。根据上文“spent months”以及下文“lesson plans”可知，她们在项目启动前需要设计课程计划，devising符合句意。故选B项。 73. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是将愿景转化为行动遇到的困难比她们想象的要早得多。A. ran into snags遇到意外困难；B. came to fruition实现；C. hit the hay睡觉；D. made ends meet收支相抵。根据下文“First, they faced a funding crisis”以及“Discouragement hung over them”可知，她们在行动之初就遇到了资金和场地等困难，ran into snags符合语境。故选A项。 74. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当地社区中心拒绝了她们免费场地的申请，声称该场地是为“紧急公共服务”保留的。A. deliberated仔细考虑；B. endorsed认可；C. rejected拒绝；D. suspended暂停。根据下文“claiming it was reserved for “urgent public services””以及“Discouragement hung over them”可知，上文提到当地社区中心声称该场地是为“紧急公共服务”保留的，下文提到沮丧笼罩着她们，可推理出她们的申请被拒绝通过，故选C项。 75. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：沮丧笼罩着她们；甚至有些朋友贬低她们，说这个项目对青少年来说太雄心勃勃了。A. consoled安慰；B. disparaged贬低；轻视；C. acclaimed称赞；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“saying the project was too ambitious for teens”可知，下文提到这个项目对青少年来说太雄心勃勃了，可推理出此处说的是有些朋友贬低她们。故选B项。 76. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们不能让‘不’扼杀我们在乎的东西，”Zoe 说，尽管眼里闪着泪光，但声音很坚定。A. fury愤怒；B. uncertainty不确定；C. mist薄雾；D. glisten闪光（尤指泪水）。根据上文“Discouragement hung over them”以及“voice steady despite”可知，上文提到了沮丧笼罩着她们，可推理出此处说的是眼里闪着泪光。故选D项。 77. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其等待别人来帮助我们，我们必须找到自己的路。A. subsidize资助；B. emulate效仿；C. assist帮助；D. supervise监督。根据下文“we must find our own way”可知，下文提到我们必须找到自己的路，可推理出她们意识到不能依赖别人的援助，故选C项。 78. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mia点了点头，一个技能分享集市的想法突然出现在她们的脑海里 —— 向手工艺作坊收取少量费用，并捐赠所有利润。A. proposition提议；B. notion想法；概念；C. aftermath后果；D. secret秘密。根据下文“charge small fees for artisan workshops and donate all profits”可知，下文提到向手工艺作坊收取少量费用，并捐赠所有利润，可推理出这里指突然想到的一个主意，故选B项。 79. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们花了几周时间宣传这个集市，张贴传单，并在社区会议上发言。A. publicizing宣传；B. liaising联络；C. contrasting对比；D. affiliating使隶属。根据下文“posting flyers and speaking at neighborhood meetings”可知，下文提到了张贴传单，并在社区会议上发言，可推理出这些都是为了宣传集市所做的努力，故选A项。 80. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些工匠犹豫了，担心这是一场徒劳的活动，但女孩们的热情赢得了他们的支持。A. prevalent盛行的；B. mundane平凡的；C. futile徒劳的；无效的；D. trivial琐碎的。根据上文 “Some artisans hesitated”可知，上文提到一些工匠犹豫了，可推理出此处说的是工匠们担心活动办不成功或没有意义，故选C项。 81. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Zoe脸上闪过一丝恐慌，但Mia抓住她说：“搬到室内去 —— 我们已经走了这么远，不能就此放弃。”A. hold fast坚持；B. throw in the towel认输；放弃；C. speed up加速；D. break down出故障。根据上文“Panic flickered on Zoe’s face, but Mia grabbed her: “Move indoors””可知，上文提到了Zoe脸上闪过一丝恐慌，但Mia要求搬到室内去，可推理出此处说的是Mia鼓励Zoe不要因为雷雨停电而放弃，故选B项。 82. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，集市取得了巨大的成功，筹集到的资金是目标的三倍。A. Evidently明显地；B. Fortuitously幸运地；C. Conceivably可以想象地；D. Spontaneously自发地。根据下文“the fair was a huge success”可知，下文提到了集市取得了巨大的成功，可推理出此处说的是结果是非常幸运的，故选B项。 83. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，她们的“光明未来计划”启动了，并迅速成为该地区最受好评的项目之一。A. exacting苛求的；B. intricate错综复杂的；C. promising有前途的；D. acclaimed受到高度评价的。根据上文“huge success”可知，项目非常成功，自然受到大家的称赞和好评，故选D项。 84. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于Mia和Zoe来说，这段旅程证明了真正的友谊不仅仅是分享快乐，而是在困难时期也能团结一致。A. sticking together团结在一起；B. splitting up分裂；C. drifting apart疏远；D. falling out闹翻。根据下文“when the going gets tough”可知，下文提到了困难时期，可推理出此处说的是在困难时期也能团结一致，故选A项。 85. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于整个社区来说，这证明了拥有毅力的普通人可以做非凡的事情。A. testimony证明；见证；B. admonition告诫；C. prerequisite先决条件；D. criterion标准。根据下文“that ordinary people with grit can do extraordinary things”可知，下文说的是拥有毅力的普通人可以做非凡的事情，这是对她们成功经历的总结和证明，故选A项。 第三部分（语法填空 共15分） 四、本题共10小题，每小1.5分，共15分。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Art Exhibition in US Bridges Hometowns and Hearts The photograph that greeted me at the entrance to a special exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art had a surprising ____86____ (familiar). Excitement stirred within me as I recognized the lotus field, the stone arch bridge and the willow trees instantly. “Look, that’s the West Lake! That’s in Hangzhou, ____87____ I lived!” I shared my amazement with the family members. Never did I imagine that Hangzhou would join hands with the city of my childhood ____88____ (share) some of its greatest treasures with my fellow Clevelanders. But none of this should have surprised me on reflection. After all, the museum quietly fueled my passion ____89____ China many years ago. Its ____90____ (wide) praised collections of Chinese art, from mountainous landscape scrolls to fine porcelain wares, drew me at a young age ____91____ brought me an incomprehensible sense of comfort at a time when I was still nursing grief from the loss of my mother. At the globally ____92____ (celebrate) exhibition, I was delighted to show my family the special artworks from museums I ____93____ (frequent) before in Hangzhou. For one brief moment, an image of the West Lake unfolded before me, ____94____ (bridge) the gap between the two cities that lay claim to my heart. For me, it was truly ____95____ cross-cultural work of art. 【答案】86. familiarity 87. where 88. to share 89. for 90. widely 91. and 92. celebrated 93. had frequented 94. bridging 95. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在美国克利夫兰艺术博物馆参观中国艺术展览时，感受到了家乡杭州与异国他乡之间的文化联系。 86. 考查名词。句意：在克利夫兰艺术博物馆的一个特别展览的入口处，迎接我的那张照片有一种令人惊讶的熟悉感。根据空前a surprising可知，空处需用名词作had的宾语，familiar的名词为familiarity“熟悉感”，不可数名词。故填familiarity。 87. 考查定语从句。句意：看，那是西湖!那是我住过的杭州!空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hangzhou，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 88. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我从未想过杭州会与我童年生活的城市携手，与我的克利夫兰同胞分享它最宝贵的财富。that引导的宾语从句已有谓语动词would join，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，空处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to share。 89. 考查介词。句意：毕竟，多年前博物馆悄悄地激发了我对中国的热情。passion for...“对……的热爱”，固定搭配。故填for。 90. 考查副词。句意：它广受赞誉的中国艺术收藏品，从山峦风景卷轴到精美瓷器，在我年轻的时候就吸引了我，并在我仍因失去母亲而悲伤的时候给我带来了难以理解的安慰感。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词praised，wide的副词为widely“广泛地”。故填widely。 91. 考查连词。句意同上。空处需用连词连接并列的谓语动词drew和brought，结合句意可知，此处表示并列关系，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 92. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在全球备受赞誉的展览上，我很高兴地向家人展示我以前在杭州常去的博物馆里的特殊艺术品。空处作定语修饰exhibition，celebrate与exhibition为被动关系，应用过去分词celebrated“著名的”，构成“globally celebrated exhibition(全球著名的展览)”。故填celebrated。 93. 考查动词时态。句意：我很高兴向家人展示来自杭州博物馆的特别艺术品，那些博物馆我以前经常去。“before in Hangzhou”表明动作发生在“过去之过去”，主句用一般过去时（was delighted），从句应用过去完成时。“frequent”意为“常去”，其过去完成时为 had frequented。故填had frequented。 94. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有那么一瞬间，西湖的景象展现在我眼前，架起了连接两座城市的桥梁，这两座城市都是我心之所向。本句已有谓语动词unfolded，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，空处需用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填bridging。 95. 考查冠词。句意：对我来说，这真是一件跨文化的艺术品。空处需用不定冠词a/an泛指一件跨文化的艺术品，cross-cultural是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以空处需用不定冠词a。故填a。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修一词汇综合检测 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分（完成句子 共70分） 一、根据括号内汉语提示，用适当的形式完成句子。（共35小题，每小题1分，共35分。） 1．Artemisinin has become a __________ (至关重要的) part of the treatment for malaria. 2．Tu Youyou is a __________ (尽心尽力的) and patient scientist who won the Nobel Prize. 3．She was awarded a doctorate by the Chinese __________ (科学院) of Medical Sciences. 4．The __________ (目标) of this research is to find a cure for the disease. 5．It is necessary to __________ (评估) the effectiveness of the new drug before putting it on the market. 6．One of the __________ (性质) of this chemical substance is that it dissolves easily in water. 7．There is a __________ (清晰的) difference between the two extracts obtained from the same plant. 8．The __________ (提取物) of wormwood has been used to treat malaria for centuries. 9．She spent many hours __________ (煮沸) the mixture to get the liquid form. 10．Scientists managed to __________ (获得) a pure substance from the plant after years of research. 11．The scientific community has __________ (承认) the great contribution of Tu Youyou to medicine. 12．The team __________ (击败) their competitors and won the research funding. 13．After careful __________ (分析) of the data, they drew an important conclusion. 14．The substance is __________ (显而易见) poisonous, so it must be handled with great care. 15．He __________ (坚持) that he had never taken any credit for others' work. 16．He drew a __________ (结论) based on the experimental results he had obtained. 17．The scientist __________ (逃离) his home country to avoid persecution during the war. 18．Under no __________ (环境) should we give up our scientific research. 19．The __________ (小说家) wrote several novels based on his own life experiences. 20．She __________ (创建) a research institute dedicated to the study of traditional Chinese medicine. 21．From the data provided, we can __________ (推断) that the treatment is effective. 22．The __________ (政治家) delivered a speech on the importance of science education. 23．There are __________ (众多的) examples of how scientific discoveries have changed our lives. 24．Einstein developed the __________ (理论) of relativity which revolutionized physics. 25．The __________ (公式) for calculating the speed of light is well known to physicists. 26．Einstein was considered a __________ (天才) who had an extraordinary mind. 27．He was a __________ (温柔的) man who was loved by everyone who knew him. 28．The scientist applied for a __________ (专利) to protect his invention. 29．He had a great __________ (激情) for physics and spent all his time studying it. 30．Her success was __________ (非凡的) considering the difficulties she faced. 31．The situation has __________ (逐渐地) improved over the past few years. 32．The new government came to __________ (掌权) after the election. 33．The research __________ (机构) has produced many outstanding scientists. 34．One __________ (后果) of the discovery was that millions of lives were saved. 35．He decided to take up a __________ (职位) at the university after completing his studies. 二、根据首字母提示完成句子。（共35小题，每小题1分，共35分。） 36．The hill appeared as a black mass in the d__________. 37．We must c__________ adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market. 38．They thought his behaviour was a__________ and strange. 39．We try to help all students realize their full p__________. 40．One of the victims of the fire remains in a c__________ condition. 41．The company is a world leader in e__________ goods. 42．O__________ in finishing his task, he didn't realize the danger was approaching. 43．Smoke d__________ are cheap and easy to put up. 44．Without a reasonable education, all kinds of strange and f__________ ideas will take root. 45．This is a c__________ waste of resources. 46．We must combine revolutionary spirits with s__________ development. 47．He found a note on the wall that said "Please switch o__________ the lights when you leave." 48．Please take care of my mother during my a__________. 49．We anticipated that our plan would meet with r__________. 50．It is important to keep in touch w__________ the latest research. 51．The article a__________ reflects public opinion. 52．They are seriously concerned about s__________. 53．Tastes and p__________ vary from individual to individual. 54．She arranged everything with her special e__________. 55．The engines shut off a__________ in an emergency. 56．It was a l__________ if you had a washing machine in those days. 57．The air is full of millions of i__________ germs. 58．At five in the morning he set out t__________ do his work. 59．A__________ by the committee, his plan will be used in many fields. 60．The p__________ order meant that the book could not be sold in this country. 61．It is a very r__________ exercise to work this out oneself. 62．The fault was discovered during a r__________ check. 63．It seemed i__________ that she had lived on a lonely island for a month already. 64．Environmentalists appeal t__________ every government to protect the environment. 65．A__________ by his parents, the blind boy stepped onto the stage proudly. 66．She finds her chief a__________ in drawing. 67．It's becoming f__________ to have long hair again. 68．The price of wine varies e__________ depending on where it comes from. 69．Jarvis found his attention w__________, and didn't notice what had happened. 70．This disease is r__________ transferred from mother to baby. 第二部分（完形填空 共15分） 三、本题共15小题，每小1分，共10分。根据题意，在设空处填写适当的单词或填写括号内单词的适当形式。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mia and Zoe had been inseparable since middle school, bound by a shared___71___of launching a tutoring program for kids from low-income families. Both top students, they’d spent months ___72___ lesson plans, convinced their project could light up young minds starved for resources. But turning that vision into action___73___far sooner than they’d imagined. First, they faced a funding crisis—their savings were nowhere near enough for textbooks or rent. Then, the local community center ___74___ their application for a free venue, claiming it was reserved for “urgent public services”. Discouragement hung over them; even some friends ___75___ them, saying the project was too ambitious for teens. “We can’t let ‘no’s kill what we care about” Zoe said, voice steady despite the___76___in her eyes. “Instead of waiting for others to___77___us, we must find our own way.” Mia nodded, and the___78___ of a skill-sharing fair popped into their heads—charge small fees for artisan workshops and donate all profits. They spent weeks___79___the fair, posting flyers and speaking at neighborhood meetings. Some artisans hesitated, worried about a ____80____event, but the girls’ passion won them over. On fair day, a thunderstorm knocked out power. Panic flickered on Zoe’s face, but Mia grabbed her: “Move indoors—we’ve come too far to ____81____.” ____82____, the fair was a huge success, raising three times their target. Three months later, their “Bright Future Program” opened, quickly becoming one of the most____83____in the area. For Mia and Zoe, the journey proved true friendship isn’t just sharing joys, but____84____when the going gets tough. For the whole neighborhood, it was a ____85____ that ordinary people with grit can do extraordinary things. 71. A. dream B. resolve C. regret D. aspiration 72. A. revising B. devising C. duplicating D. verifying 73. A. ran into snags B. came to fruition C. hit the hay D. made ends meet 74. A. deliberated B. endorsed C. rejected D. suspended 75. A. consoled B. disparaged C. acclaimed D. ignored 76. A. fury B. uncertainty C. mist D. glisten 77. A. subsidize B. emulate C. assist D. supervise 78. A. proposition B. notion C. aftermath D. secret 79. A. publicizing B. liaising C. contrasting D. affiliating 80. A. prevalent B. mundane C. futile D. trivial 81. A. hold fast B. throw in the towel C. speed up D. break down 82. A. Evidently B. Fortuitously C. Conceivably D. Spontaneously 83. A. exacting B. intricate C. promising D. acclaimed 84. A. sticking together B. splitting up C. drifting apart D. falling out 85. A. testimony B. admonition C. prerequisite D. criterion 第三部分（语法填空 共15分） 四、本题共10小题，每小1.5分，共15分。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Art Exhibition in US Bridges Hometowns and Hearts The photograph that greeted me at the entrance to a special exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art had a surprising ____86____ (familiar). Excitement stirred within me as I recognized the lotus field, the stone arch bridge and the willow trees instantly. “Look, that’s the West Lake! That’s in Hangzhou, ____87____ I lived!” I shared my amazement with the family members. Never did I imagine that Hangzhou would join hands with the city of my childhood ____88____ (share) some of its greatest treasures with my fellow Clevelanders. But none of this should have surprised me on reflection. After all, the museum quietly fueled my passion ____89____ China many years ago. Its ____90____ (wide) praised collections of Chinese art, from mountainous landscape scrolls to fine porcelain wares, drew me at a young age ____91____ brought me an incomprehensible sense of comfort at a time when I was still nursing grief from the loss of my mother. At the globally ____92____ (celebrate) exhibition, I was delighted to show my family the special artworks from museums I ____93____ (frequent) before in Hangzhou. For one brief moment, an image of the West Lake unfolded before me, ____94____ (bridge) the gap between the two cities that lay claim to my heart. For me, it was truly ____95____ cross-cultural work of art. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $