专题04 选择必修第一册Unit 3～Unit 4（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期译林版

专题04 选择必修第一册Unit3~Unit 4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 The art of painting 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________n. 本质，精髓；香精，精油 2. ________n. 吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt. 为……干杯；烤；取暖 3. ________vi. & vt. 闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 4. ________ n. 展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席 5. ________ n. 十年，十年期 6. ________ (AmE neighborhood) n. 街区，城区；邻近的地方 7. ________ adj. 想法相同的，志趣相投的 8. ________ vt. & vi. 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视 9. ________ vt. 陈列，展出；显示，表现 n. 陈列，展览；表现；展示 10. ________ adj. 值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的 11. ________ n. 阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 12. ________ vt. 以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 13. ________ n. (宣传)活动，运动；战役 vt. & vi. 发起运动，参加活动 14. ________ n. 建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学 15. ________ adj. 未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的 16. ________ n. 洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 17. ________ n. 庄稼，作物；收成，产量 18. ________ vi. & vt. (乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 n. 帆；乘船航行 19. ________n. 平民，老百姓，庶民 20. ________adj. 巨大的，庞大的 21. ________adj. 全面的，详尽的；综合性的 22. ________ n. 建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织 23. ________adj. 全面的，综合的 adv. 全部，总计；一般来说，大体上 24. ________ n. 军人，士兵 25. ________n. (pl. crises)危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 26. ________ vt. (overthrew，overthrown)推翻，打倒 n. 推翻，打倒 27. ________ adj. 优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 28. ________ adj. 稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 29. ________n. 经历，事业；生涯，职业 二、单词拓展 1. ________n. 解放，摆脱→________vt. 解放，使自由，摆脱 2. ________vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→________adj. 截然不同的；强烈反对的→________ n. 反对；对立 3. ________ pron. & adv. 大多数; 最; 非常→________ adv. 主要地, 一般地 4. ________v. & n. 设置; 放; 安排; 一套→________ n. 环境, 背景; 情节背景 5. ________ vt. & vi. 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色; 支配, 控制; 占有优势; 俯视→________n. 统治, 控制 6. ________vt. 运用，使用；雇用→________n. 雇主→________n. 雇员→________n. 雇用；就业→________n. 失业；失业率 7. ________vt. 意识到; 实现→________n. 现实→________adj. 逼真的, 栩栩如生的; 现实的, 实际的; 明智的 8. ________adj. 鲜明的, 耀眼的; 生动的→________adv. 生动地; 鲜明地 9. ________n. 远见卓识; 视力, 视野; 想象→________adj. 视力的, 视觉的→________adj. 看得见的 10. ________vt. & vi. 整理，布置；安排，筹备→________n. 布置；整理；筹备；安排 11. ________adj. 宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的→________n. 野心，雄心；抱负 12. ________n. 检查，查看，审视；视察→________vt. 检查；视察；审视 13. ________vt. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭穿；使遭受；使接触→________n. 暴露；揭露；接触→________adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的 14. ________adj. 政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的→________n. 政治学→________n. 政客 15. ________n. 展览，展出→________v. 展览，展出 n. 展览品，陈列品 16. ________adj. 显而易见, 明白易懂, 显然→________adv. 显然地 17. ________adj. 细致的, 精细的; 准确的, 精确的; 恰好的→________adv. 精确地; 细心地; 恰好地 18. ________n. 批评家, 评论家; 批评者, 挑剔的人→________adj. 批评的, 批判的→________vt. 批评, 批判→________n. 批评, 批判 19. ________n. 政治; 政治学→________adj. 政治的, 政府的, 政权的; 政党的, 党派的→________n. 政客; 政治家 20. ________n. 历史; 历史学→________adj. 历史上著名的; 有史时期的→________adj. 历史的; 历史学的 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1. strike 常用义 生义 vt. & vi. 突然想到；撞，碰；打；罢工；n. 罢工 The workers went on strike for a pay increase of 5%. 工人们举行罢工, 要求加薪5%。 On her way to work, it struck her that she had forgotten to turn off the air conditioner. 在上班的路上, 她突然想到忘了关空调了。 vt. & vi. ________n. ________ A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing hundreds of people. 去年这座城市遭遇了一场强烈地震，造成数百人丧生。 I got up early this morning before the clock struck five. 今天早上我很早就起床了，比钟表报时五点还早。 2. wage 常用义 生义 n. (通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 The report related high wages to labour shortages. 报告将高工资与劳动力短缺联系起来。 vt. ________ This was the time when China was divided into seven states that waged war against each other for domination. 这是中国分裂为七个相互为了霸权而战的国家的时期。 3. wind 常用义 生义 vi. & vt. 蜿蜒，迂回；n. 风 When the wind and rain stopped, I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere! 当风雨停了下来，我向窗外望去，只见大树横躺在街道上，到处都是水! The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东蜿蜒而行，横穿沙漠，越过高山，穿过峡谷，最后抵达大海。 The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”. 当我穿过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活起来。 vi. & vt. ________ And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 那也是当我给手表上紧发条以后表针开始走,而我将本文收尾后这篇文章结束的原因。 4. decline 常用义 生义 n. 衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi. & vt. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落 The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. 梅雷迪思家族生活在小社区。由于经济衰退，镇上一些人失业了。 vi. & vt. ________ I offered to give them a lift, but they declined with thanks. 我主动提出载他们一程，但他们婉言谢绝了。 四. 单元短语 1. ________________(表示对比)而，相对于 2. ________________各行各业，社会各界 3. ________________忙于做某事，继续做某事 4. ________________由……引起(或造成) 5. ________________凭自身的资格(或努力) 6. ________________充分说明，清楚表明 学科网（北京）股份有限公11 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五. 单元佳句 1. 句式：even though引导让步状语从句 【教材】________________________________, nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing. 尽管我在电脑屏幕上已经欣赏过它们数百次，但当我终于亲眼见到实物时，还是觉得猝不及防，惊叹不已。 2. 句式：every time 引导时间状语从句 【教材】It is amazing that________________________________, he brought the pond’s beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 令人赞叹的是，莫奈每次端详睡莲池这处简单的风景，都以独特的方式让它的美跃然于画布之上。 3. 句式：强调句型 【教材】Although the paintings had very different settings, ________________________________with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay. . . 尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同，但在我离开奥赛博物馆后很长一段时间里，一直萦绕着我的却是它们的相似之处…… 六. 单元语法 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语 [观察例句]注意划线的非谓语动词在句子中的成分 1. As I wandered in the National Gallery, I was amazed to see all the paintings. 2. It was surprising then to see so many people viewing important and precious artworks through their smartphones. 3. It might sound shocking, but they seemed more interested in taking photos and recording videos of artworks than appreciating them with their own eyes. 4. The art show in town next week sounds appealing. 5. The gallery staff looked very tired after working all day. [归纳用法] 一. 动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1. 现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：amazing(令人吃惊的), embarrassing(令人尴尬的), exciting(令人兴奋的), interesting(有趣的), disappointing(令人失望的), puzzling(令人困惑的), worrying(令人担忧的), boring(令人厌烦的), frightening(令人害怕的), moving(感人的), encouraging(鼓舞人心的), annoying(令人恼怒的)等。这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 2. 动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 二. 动词-ed形式作表语 1. 过去分词作表语的用法 过去分词可放在连系动词be(am, is, are)，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。动词-ed形式作表语时, 相当于形容词。常见的有: determined(坚定的), prepared(准备好的), concerned(担心的, 关心的), devoted(献身的, 忠诚的), lost(迷路的), broken(破碎的), crowded(拥挤的), married(已婚的)以及一些表示感情的动词-ed形式用作形容词, 例如: amazed(吃惊的), embarrassed(尴尬的), annoyed(恼怒的), disappointed(失望的), discouraged(沮丧的), satisfied(满意的), pleased(高兴的), moved(感动的), bored(厌烦的)等。 He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it, we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。 【易错提示】 1. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。试比较： The book is well written. 这本书写得很好。 The book was written by a soldier. 这本书是一位士兵写的。 2. 表示感情的动词的以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词作定语 以-ed结尾的形容词, 也可修饰事物, 被修饰词多为look(表情), smile(微笑), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等显示人的情感状况的名词。此时需注意其修饰事物时与以-ing结尾的形容词修饰事物时意义的不同。例如: a surprising look令人吃惊的表情(表情让别人吃惊) a surprised look惊讶的表情(自己吃惊) an amazing voice令人吃惊的声音 an amazed voice感到吃惊的声音 七. 单元写作 写一篇艺术品操作过程 描写制作一件艺术品的步骤属于说明文, 语言要简练明确。首先要清晰地说明需要的材料和工具等, 然后列出制作步骤和方法。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第二人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：说明要制作的作品； 主体：需要的材料和步骤； 结尾：如何处理制作好的作品。 [常用词块] (1)制作工具及材料 ①tool　　　 工具 ②material　 材料, 原料 ③knife　　 刀子 ④brush　　 刷子 (2)步骤及过程 ①procedure 步骤 ②a piece of 一片, 一块 ③firstly/to begin with/to start with 首先 ④the next step 下一步 ⑤finally/lastly/in the end 最后 ⑥a variety of 各种各样的 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①Have you ever tried to make art out of wood? 你试过用木头创造艺术品吗? ②What plays an important role in finding inspiration for your art from nature? 在你从自然中寻找艺术灵感的过程中, 什么起着重要的作用? ③Follow the steps below to make it. 按照下面的步骤来做。 ★正文佳句 ①There are endless possibilities for the works you create. 你创作的作品有无限的可能。 ②Red peppers can be used to make the mouth. 红辣椒可以用来做嘴巴。 ③Decide what image you want to create. 决定你想创作的图像。 ④To begin with, lay the butter on the bread and then arrange some vegetables on it. 首先, 把黄油涂在面包上, 然后在上面放一些蔬菜。 ★余味结尾 ①In the end, a fine artwork is produced. 最后, 一件精美的艺术品就诞生了。 ②If so, you can enjoy your work later. 这样以后你就可以欣赏自己的作品了。 活动介绍 假定你是李华，你班将参加校英语文化节“国际美食汇”活动，需制作一道融合中外元素的创意菜品。请你给外教Mr. Smith写一封邮件，邀请他担任美食顾问，介绍你班菜品及灵感。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：国际美食汇 International Food Fair    美食顾问food consultant Dear Mr. Smith, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua Unit 3 The art of painting 一、判断下列句子中黑体词的含义。 A. v. 击打   B. v. 使突然想起   C. n. 罢工   D. v. (灾难､疾病等)袭击   E. v. 划火柴   F. v. 敲钟 1. When I entered the room, the clock had just struck 10. ________ 2. As an old saying goes, “Strike the iron while it’s hot.” You’d better go over what you have learned as soon as possible. ________ 3. The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. ________ 4. They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. ________ 5. A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing hundreds of people. ________ 6. I was about to pay the taxi driver when it struck me that I had left my wallet on the airplane. ________   A. (社会、商业或政治)活动  B. 战役  C. 参加运动 7. Professor White is respected as a scholar, who has campaigned against hunting whales for the last 15 years. ________ 8. When we look back, we can get to the knowledge that after the campaign at Waterloo, Napoleon was destined to be defeated. ________ 9. To our satisfaction, great changes have taken place in our city after the campaign of building a civilized city. ________ 根据语境写出黑体词语的意思 10. The Internet technology is waging an information revolution, indicating our society entering an Internet era. ________ 11. Most employers are planning to cut down on wages instead of laying off employees in response to the economic depression. ________ 12. I offered to give them a lift, but they declined with thanks. ________ 13. An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport. ________ 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. A strong feeling of warmth ________(strike) all of us when we saw the smiles on their faces. 2. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding ________(history) and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. 3. Though one should have dreams, it’s not ________(real) to exist on dreams. 4. Do you understand why the local people are ________(oppose) to the new dam up the river? 5. Past three ________(decade) have witnessed the evolution of the computer. 6. The committee is composed ________(most) of lawyers. 7. This part of chorus is ________(worth) of being studied. 8. Before ________(liberate), there were only bitter days and sorrow. 9. Although they choose the same major, their schedules are ________(oppose). 10. Whatever others may say will not make any difference to my ________(arrange) 11. The group is spreading ________ campaign for a new stadium in the town. 12. The government has pledged itself to wage a war ________ poverty and disease. 13. Raw materials for painting come in many ________(various). (所给词的适当形式填空) 14. It is often unwise to make ________(politics) statements without fully understanding the local culture. 15. The book’s colorful ________(illustrate) shows a young boy riding his bike through a forest. 16. The art gallery is hosting an ________(exhibit) of his work. 17. Though the task is tough, his ________(ambition) dream drives him to keep moving forward. 18. Engineers carried out a thorough________(inspect) of the track. 19. She is ________(ambition) that she will finish the adaptation. 20. To our sorrow, two ________(civilian) were killed in the big fire. 三、完成句子。 1. 没有强有力的法律来控制广告商。即使他们被带上法庭，他们也不会面临严重的惩罚。(even though 引导让步状语从句) There are no strong laws to control advertisers. ________________________________, they don’t face serious punishment. 2. 每当妈妈感到工作压力大的时候，她就和她最好的朋友打电话——她说这是最简单的发泄坏心情的方法。(every time引导时间状语从句)   ________________ Mom feels stressed from work, she talks to her best friend on the phone — she says it’s the easiest way to ________________ her bad mood. 3. 人们可能认为，正是作家最适合进行电影改编。(It is. . . who/ that. . . 强调句型) One may think that it is the book writer ________________________________. Unit 4 Exploring poetry 一、核心单词 1. ________ adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的 2. ________vt. 解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi. 口译 3. ________ n. 传说，传奇故事；传奇人物 4. ________ n. 津贴，补助；限额；零花钱 5. ________vt. 发现，查明，侦察出 6. ________ n. 押韵词；押韵 vt. 使押韵 vi. 和……同韵 7. ________ adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的 8. ________n. 线索，提示；迹象 9. ________ vt. 把(动物)关在笼中 n. 笼子 10. ________ vt. 奖励，奖赏 n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金 11. ________ adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 12. ________vt. 注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 13. ________ n. 理想；典范 adj. 完美的，理想的 14. ________ adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 15. ________ vt. (underwent, undergone)经历，经受 16. ________ vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 17. ________n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 18. ________ vi. & vt. (bent, bent) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n. 拐弯，弯道 19. claim n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 20. ________ n. & vi. 叹气，叹息 21. ________ adv. 因此，由此 22. ________ vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) 23. ________ adj. 引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 24. ________(also characterise) vt. 是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画 25. ________vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突 26. ________ adj. 众多的，许多的 27. ________ n. (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 28. ________ vt. (cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n. 全体演员；投，抛 29. ________vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)；归功于；归因于 30. ________n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 31. ________ vt. (usually passive)给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 32. ________ vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n. 责任，责备，指责 33. ________adj. 不饶人的，不宽容的；棘手的 二、单词拓展 1. ________ adj. 结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→________v. 将……冷冻，冻僵→________ adj. 严寒的，冰冻的 2. ________ vt. 含有……的意思，暗示，暗指→________ n. 含义；暗示；影响 3. ________ n. 耐心，忍耐力→________adj. 忍耐的，耐心的 n. 病人→________ adv. 耐心地 4. ________adj. 持续不断的→________ adv. 不断地；始终，一直 5. ________ adj. 符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的→________adv. 逻辑上；符合逻辑地 6. ________ n. 事实，实际经历；现实，实际情况→________ adj. 真正的；确实的；真实存在的→________ adv. 真正地；实际上 7. ________n. 小说家→________ n. 小说 adj. 新颖的 8. ________ n. 稳定(性)，稳固(性)→________ adj. 稳定的；牢固的；稳重的→________ adv. 稳定地 9. ________ adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→________ vt. 容忍→________n. 容忍 10. ________ vt. & vi. 成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→________ adj. 卓越的；著名的；高贵的；受尊重的 11. ________ adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 典型人物，代表性人物；代表→________ vt. 代表；描绘 12. ________vt. & vi. 深深吸引，迷住→________ adj. 迷人的，吸引人的 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1. complex 常用义 生义 adj. 复杂的，难懂的 It’s a useful introduction to an extremely complex subject.   这是对一个极其复杂的主题的有用介绍。 n. ________ This is just one of a whole complex of issues. 这只是一大堆复杂问题中的一个。 Local government has released the plans for constructing a new stadium and leisure complex. 当政府已经公布了建造一个新的体育场和休闲中心的计划。 2. grasp 常用义 生义 n. 抓紧，握紧vt. 抓紧 His hand was taken in a warm, firm grasp. 他的手被温暖而坚定地抓住。 He grasped my hand and shook it warmly. 他抓住我的手，热情地握了握。 n. ________ vt. ________ Don’t let the situation escape from your grasp. 别让局面失去控制。 Peace is now within our grasp. 我们现在和平在望。 The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis. 政府尚未意识到危机的严重性。 3. remote 常用义 生义 adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的 Landslides have cut off many villages in remote areas. 山体滑坡使偏远地区的许多村庄与外界隔绝。 Many folk-tales have come down from a very remote past. 许多民间故事是从遥远的过去流传下来的。 adj. ________________ He is one of my remote cousins. 他是我的远房表亲之一。 She looked so beautiful, and at the same time so remote. 她看起来那么漂亮，同时又那么冷漠。 四. 单元短语 1. ________________发现，搜集，查明 2. ________________把……放一边；留出 3. ________________与某事终止关联，破除 4. ________________体谅；考虑到，估计到 五. 单元佳句 1. 句式：as if 引导方式状语 【教材】Second，approach the poem ________________________________. 第二，走进诗歌，就像你是一个置身于陌生风景中的探索者。 2. 句式：主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do 【教材】Poems________________________________ are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings. 相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。 3. 句式：as long as 引导条件状语从句 【教材】________________________________, it will have been worth your effort. 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感触，或使你领悟到另一层含义，那你的努力就是值得的。 4. 句式：It＋be＋过去分词＋that. . . 【教材】________________________________this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。 六. 单元语法 非谓语动词综述 　非谓语动词常指动词不定式、动词-ing和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 形式 功 能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 v v v v v v 动词-ing v v v v v v 动词-ed v v v v [观察例句]非谓语动词在句子中所作成分. 1. The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century: they refused to follow rigid rules. 2. During that time, England was undergoing a process called industrialization. 3. Large factories were being built and people were made to work long hours. 4. Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature, the poetry of the Romantic era is one of the greatest treasures in Western literature. [归纳用法] 一. 非谓语动词作主语 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作主语。 To live is to do something valuable. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事。 Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your preference and emotions. 了解你自己的需要和交流方式与学会表达你的喜好和情感一样重要。 1. 动词不定式作主语时，常常用形式主语it代替，不定式置于句末。 常见句型： It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb. ) to do sth. It + be +名词+to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It’s up to sb. to do sth. It is unwise of you to stay up late every day. 你每天熬夜是不明智的。 It is everyone’s duty to obey the law. 遵守法律是每个人的义务。 It took her a month to read the novel. 阅读这部小说花了她一个月的时间。 It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助那些需要帮助的人是我们的责任。 2. 动词-ing形式作主语时，有时也可以用形式主语it代替，动词-ing形式置于句末。 常见句型： It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time/ …+动词-ing… It’s a waste of time trying to get her to change her mind. 要想让她改变主意是浪费时间。 It’s no good complaining-they never listen. 抱怨毫无用处——他们根本不听。E 二. 非谓语动词作宾语 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作宾语。 1. afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。 Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得表示愿意教他们滑水。 They intend to leave early tomorrow morning to avoid traffic jams. 为了避免交通堵塞，他们打算明天一大早出发。 2. advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, practice, suggest等动词后，以及 burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off等短语后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 We were considering buying a new car. 我们在考虑买一辆新车。 I really appreciated being selected to perform in the New Year Gala. 我真的很感激被选中在新年晚会上表演。 I put off going to the doctor but now I wish I hadn’t. 我推迟了去看医生的时间，但现在我希望我当时没推迟。 3. like, love, begin, start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者区别不大，常可以交换使用。 It started to rain. =It started raining. 下起雨来了。 I like talking with him for his humor. =I like to talk with him for his humor. 我喜欢和他交谈，因为他很幽默。 4. remember, forget, regret, try, mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。 Remember to turn off the lights before you leave. 你离开前记得关灯。 I remember turning off the lights before I left. 我记得我离开前关了灯。 5. 介词后一般只接动词-ing形式作宾语。 How about going for a walk? 去散散步怎么样？ My father was fond of fishing in the river when he was little. 我爸爸小的时候喜欢在这条河里捕鱼。 【巧学助记】 接动词-ing形式作宾语的口诀 建议抵制享受(suggest/ advise; resist; enjoy) 考虑承认冒险(consider; admit; risk) 避免推迟实践(avoid; delay/put off; practice) 期待成功完成(look forward to; succeed in; finish) 接动词不定式作宾语的口诀 同意提出做计划(agree; offer; plan) 要求答应来帮忙(demand/ ask; promise; help) 决定准备遭拒绝(decide; prepare; refuse) 敢于选择有希望(dare; choose; wish/ hope/ expect) 不能做到莫假装(fail; pretend) 设法做成决心坚(manage; determine) 三. 非谓语动词作表语 1. 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有时to可以省略。 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 教育的目的是发展儿童优良的品格。 2. 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 It’s surprising that the machine should break down only a week later. 这台机器竟然仅仅一周后就坏了，太令人吃惊了。 I was surprised that I was the first to arrive. 我很惊讶我是第一个到的。 My job is rearranging the books in the library. 我的工作是重新整理图书馆里的书。 四. 非谓语动词作定语 1. 动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事；动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事或表示主动意义；动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。 The girl singing in the next room is his sister. 隔壁房间里正在唱歌的女孩是他的妹妹。 They built a highway leading to the mountains. 他们建了一条通往山区的公路。 Half of the guests invited to the party are his colleagues. 被邀请参加聚会的客人中有一半是他的同事。 These trucks carry goods exported to foreign countries. 这些卡车运送出口货物。 2. 动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。 Are you going to the conference to be held next week? 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？ The man being questioned is the only witness to the accident. 正在接受审问的那个人是事故的唯一目击者。 注意： ① the only, the last, the next等以及序数词后常用不定式作定语。 ②被 the only, the best, the last, the next等或序数词修饰的词后，常用不定式作后置定 语。 ③ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等抽象名词 后常用不定式作定语。 China was the first developing country to independently perform a manned space flight. 中国是第一个独立进行载人航天飞行的发展中国家。 I don’t think he is the best man to do the job. 我认为他不是做这份工作的最佳人选。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 五. 非谓语动词作状语 1. 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者结果，动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随、让步、条件等意义。 We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our sky blue again. 我们将继续我们防治空气污染的运动，以使我们的天空再次变得蔚蓝。 He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. 他从小山上走下来，自顾自轻声哼着曲儿。 His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，他成了孤儿。 Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself. 尽管知道了一切情况，我还是想亲自去看一看。 Seriously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once. 她受了重伤，必须立刻送往医院。 Given more time, we would have done the work better. 如果(当时)给予更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 2. 动词-ing形式具有主动意义，动词-ed形式具有被动意义。 Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. 向右转，你会找到一条通往他的小别墅的小路。 Painted white, the house looks bigger. 漆成白色后，这房子看起来大了些。 3. 动词-ing形式作状语可用完成式。 Having been shown around the library, the visitors were taken to the playground. 参观完图书馆后，游客们被带到了操场上。 Not having received the answer, the girl decided to write another email. 由于没有得到答复，这个女孩决定再写一封电子邮件。 六. 非谓语动词作补语 1. allow, expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作补语。 Father will not allow us to play in the street. 父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。 We warned them not to skate on such thin ice. 我们告诫过他们，不要在这么薄的冰上溜冰。 2. see, hear, notice, watch, feel, let, have等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作补语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词-ing形式作补语，表示动作正在进行或一直在进行。 I saw him entering the bank. 我看见他正走进银行。(him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系) They had the fire burning all night. 他们让火整夜烧着。(burn这一动作一直在进行) 3. 动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。 I will have my bike repaired tomorrow. 明天我要让人修一下我的自行车。(让别人去修) He was happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 他很高兴看到母亲在家里受到很好的照顾。(his mother与take之间为逻辑上的动宾关系) 七. 单元写作 诗评 诗评可以理解为诗歌赏析, 可以对全诗整体分析, 表达自己的观点。也可以简介作者、作品并分析作品意象, 如解释或翻译诗句、评析诗句表达的意境等。通常用一般现在时为主，以第三人称为主。 【基本框架】 开头：诗歌的基本介绍； 主体：诗歌流行的原因； 结尾：个人感受 [常用词块] (1)内容 ①image　　　　　　 意象 ②sound 语音 ③rhythm 节奏 ④rhyme 韵律; 节律 ⑤pattern 模式 ⑥poet 诗人 ⑦poem 诗歌 ⑧inspiration 灵感 (2)评价 ①impressive 给人印象深刻的 ②influential 有影响力的 ③inspiring 激励人心的 ④touching 感动人的 ⑤hidden 内含的 ⑥moral 寓意, 道德上的 ⑦inspire 激励, 鼓励 ⑧bring out 使显现 [常用表达] (1)诗人的写作手法 ①The poet compares his sweet heart to a red rose and sweet music. 诗人把他的心上人比作红色的玫瑰花和悦耳的音乐。 ②The poet uses simile to express the strong affection which cannot be controlled. 诗人用明喻来表达难以控制的强烈的爱。 ③The poet uses repetition to intensify his emotion. 诗人用重复来加强他的感情。 ④The writer indicates the changes of seasons using unique techniques. 作者使用了独特的技巧来表现季节的变化。 ⑤The poem shows the truth that all real and beautiful things will disappear gradually. 这首诗揭示了一切真切而美好的事物最终定会逐渐消失的哲理。 (2)表达感想 ①The poem is so impressive that I will remember it forever. 这首诗使人印象深刻, 所以我会永远记住它。 ②The poem has touched my heartstring so I can have a better understanding of it. 这首诗触动了我的心弦, 所以我能更好地理解它。 ③What the poet wants to tell us is that we should have a positive attitude towards life. 诗人想告诉我们的是, 我们应该有一个积极的生活态度。 诗评 你校英文报正在开展以“传承中华优秀文化”为主题的诗歌评论征集活动。请你写一则诗评投稿，内容包括： 1. 诗歌简介； 2. 诗歌赏析； 3. 个人感受。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 4 Exploring poetry 一. 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 A. 探测(v. ) B. 发现(v. ) C. 察觉(v. ) D. 检测(v. )   1. Scientists detected gravity waves from merging black holes. ________ 2. The radar detected an incoming missile. ________ 3. I detected a hint of sadness in her voice. ________ 4. The test is used to detect early signs of disease. ________ A. vt. 抓牢，握紧 B. vt. 理解，领会 C. vt. 抓住(机会) D. n. 抓，握 E. n. 理解力，领悟力 F. n. 力所能及；把握 G. n. 控制；权力 5. She is ready to grasp any opportunity to expand the business. ________ 6. The king was determined not to let Scotland slip from his grasp. ________ 7. Luke took her arm in a firm grasp and led her through the gate. ________ 8. I grasped his arm firmly and led him away. ________ 9. An agreement to end the war seemed within their grasp. ________ 10. Her grasp of the issues was impressive. ________ 11. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. ________ A. 偏远的；偏僻的     B. 相差很大的     C. 细微的；微小的     D. 冷漠的；冷淡的 12. She looked so beautiful, and at the same time so remote. ________ 13. Landslides have cut off many villages in remote areas. ________ 判断下列句子中cast的词性及含义 13The priceless treasures were cast into the Nile(尼罗河). ________ 14He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. ________ 15The student cast his teacher a confused look. ________ 16. He was the only native Italian, the rest of the cast were British. ________ 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Dreams are rather important, but we should also face the ________(real) bravely. 2. The “Azheke Plan” has become a model of how rural tourism and heritage protection can work together to create meaningful experiences for the world to enjoy, and provides ________(reward) to those who preserve the heritage. 3. Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process, ________(set) aside impatience and anxiety. 4. To manage personal money wisely, we need to have enough ________(patient) to think twice before any purchase. 5. Scientists are ________(constant) looking for solutions to today’s problems, which gives us hope for tomorrow. 6. Yunjin’s categories include Kujin, Kuduan and Zhuanghua, of which Zhuanghua is the ________(complex), featuring vivid colors and 3D effects. ​ 7. Some of the studies can be ________(contradict) and confusing, which even leads to some misunderstandings among the public. 8. This summer holiday witnessed ________(number) visitors to the “Meet the Chinese Opera” exhibition in the city museum. 9. The ________(assume) that the price of the meat would go down was wrong in ________(real). 10. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it ________ meaning zero. 11. She sighed ________ despair at the thought of all the opportunities she had missed. 12. It________(claim) that soap powder pollutes the water we drink. 13. It is ________(believe) that the house was built in 1735. 14. We hope to break ________ soon in the fight against the disease. 15. The car had ________(undergo) major repair before this accident. 16. It is ________ belief that his aunt, an 80-year-old lady, can sing and dance so wonderfully. 17. ________ is my belief that music is something that everybody likes and enjoys. 18. The young nation has not attained political ________(stable) up till now. 19. He was chosen as a ________(represent) of the company. 20. The ________(strike) contrast between the two leaders’ speeches caught everyone’s attention. 三、完成句子。 1. 那两个陌生人在派对上谈笑风生，仿佛已是多年的老友。 (as if) The two strangers talked and laughed freely at the party ________________________________. 2. 很容易走神分散了注意力。 It’s easy to be distracted and________________________________. 3. 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。(as long as引导的条件状语从句) ________________________________ makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort. 4. 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的就越多。 It is believed that ________ ________ you work, ________ ________ you’ll get. $专题04 选择必修第一册Unit3~Unit 4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 The art of painting 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. essence n. 本质，精髓；香精，精油 2. toast n. 吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt. 为……干杯；烤；取暖 3. wander vi. & vt. 闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 4. gallery n. 展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席 5. decade n. 十年，十年期 6. neighbourhood(AmE neighborhood) n. 街区，城区；邻近的地方 7. like-minded adj. 想法相同的，志趣相投的 8. dominate vt. & vi. 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视 9. display vt. 陈列，展出；显示，表现 n. 陈列，展览；表现；展示 10. worthy adj. 值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的 11. shade n. 阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 12. bathe vt. 以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 13. campaign n. (宣传)活动，运动；战役 vt. & vi. 发起运动，参加活动 14. architecture n. 建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学 15. raw adj. 未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的 16. insight n. 洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 17. crop n. 庄稼，作物；收成，产量 18. sail vi. & vt. (乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 n. 帆；乘船航行 19. civilian n. 平民，老百姓，庶民 20. enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的 21. comprehensive adj. 全面的，详尽的；综合性的 22. structure n. 建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织 23. overall adj. 全面的，综合的 adv. 全部，总计；一般来说，大体上 24. soldier n. 军人，士兵 25. crisis n. (pl. crises)危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 26. overthrow vt. (overthrew，overthrown)推翻，打倒 n. 推翻，打倒 27. outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 28. rare adj. 稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 29. career n. 经历，事业；生涯，职业 二、单词拓展 1. liberation n. 解放，摆脱→liberate vt. 解放，使自由，摆脱 2. oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj. 截然不同的；强烈反对的→opposition n. 反对；对立 3. most pron. & adv. 大多数; 最; 非常→mostly adv. 主要地, 一般地 4. set v. & n. 设置; 放; 安排; 一套→setting n. 环境, 背景; 情节背景 5. dominate vt. & vi. 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色; 支配, 控制; 占有优势; 俯视→domination n. 统治, 控制 6. employ vt. 运用，使用；雇用→employer n. 雇主→employee n. 雇员→employment n. 雇用；就业→unemployment n. 失业；失业率 7. realize vt. 意识到; 实现→reality n. 现实→realistic adj. 逼真的, 栩栩如生的; 现实的, 实际的; 明智的 8. vivid adj. 鲜明的, 耀眼的; 生动的→vividly adv. 生动地; 鲜明地 9. vision n. 远见卓识; 视力, 视野; 想象→visual adj. 视力的, 视觉的→visible adj. 看得见的 10. arrange vt. & vi. 整理，布置；安排，筹备→arrangement n. 布置；整理；筹备；安排 11. ambitious adj. 宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的→ambition n. 野心，雄心；抱负 12. inspection n. 检查，查看，审视；视察→inspect vt. 检查；视察；审视 13. expose vt. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭穿；使遭受；使接触→exposure n. 暴露；揭露；接触→exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的 14. political adj. 政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的→politics n. 政治学→politician n. 政客 15. exhibition n. 展览，展出→exhibit v. 展览，展出 n. 展览品，陈列品 16. apparent adj. 显而易见, 明白易懂, 显然→apparently adv. 显然地 17. precise adj. 细致的, 精细的; 准确的, 精确的; 恰好的→precisely adv. 精确地; 细心地; 恰好地 18. critic n. 批评家, 评论家; 批评者, 挑剔的人→critical adj. 批评的, 批判的→criticize vt. 批评, 批判→criticism n. 批评, 批判 19. politics n. 政治; 政治学→political adj. 政治的, 政府的, 政权的; 政党的, 党派的→politician n. 政客; 政治家 20. history n. 历史; 历史学→historic adj. 历史上著名的; 有史时期的→historical adj. 历史的; 历史学的 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1. strike 常用义 生义 vt. & vi. 突然想到；撞，碰；打；罢工；n. 罢工 The workers went on strike for a pay increase of 5%. 工人们举行罢工, 要求加薪5%。 On her way to work, it struck her that she had forgotten to turn off the air conditioner. 在上班的路上, 她突然想到忘了关空调了。 vt. & vi. 划(火柴) ,突击; 时钟敲响报时n. 袭击；击，打 A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing hundreds of people. 去年这座城市遭遇了一场强烈地震，造成数百人丧生。 I got up early this morning before the clock struck five. 今天早上我很早就起床了，比钟表报时五点还早。 2. wage 常用义 生义 n. (通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 The report related high wages to labour shortages. 报告将高工资与劳动力短缺联系起来。 vt. 开始，发动 This was the time when China was divided into seven states that waged war against each other for domination. 这是中国分裂为七个相互为了霸权而战的国家的时期。 3. wind 常用义 生义 vi. & vt. 蜿蜒，迂回；n. 风 When the wind and rain stopped, I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere! 当风雨停了下来，我向窗外望去，只见大树横躺在街道上，到处都是水! The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东蜿蜒而行，横穿沙漠，越过高山，穿过峡谷，最后抵达大海。 The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”. 当我穿过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活起来。 vi. & vt. 上发条；缠绕 And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 那也是当我给手表上紧发条以后表针开始走,而我将本文收尾后这篇文章结束的原因。 4. decline 常用义 生义 n. 衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi. & vt. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落 The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. 梅雷迪思家族生活在小社区。由于经济衰退，镇上一些人失业了。 vi. & vt. 谢绝 I offered to give them a lift, but they declined with thanks. 我主动提出载他们一程，但他们婉言谢绝了。 四. 单元短语 1. as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于 2. all walks of life各行各业，社会各界 3. go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事 4. be down to由……引起(或造成) 5. in one’s own right凭自身的资格(或努力) 6. speak volumes about充分说明，清楚表明 学科网（北京）股份有限公19 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五. 单元佳句 1. 句式：even though引导让步状语从句 【教材】Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen, nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing. 尽管我在电脑屏幕上已经欣赏过它们数百次，但当我终于亲眼见到实物时，还是觉得猝不及防，惊叹不已。 2. 句式：every time 引导时间状语从句 【教材】It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond’s beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 令人赞叹的是，莫奈每次端详睡莲池这处简单的风景，都以独特的方式让它的美跃然于画布之上。 3. 句式：强调句型 【教材】Although the paintings had very different settings, it was their similarities that stayed with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay. . . 尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同，但在我离开奥赛博物馆后很长一段时间里，一直萦绕着我的却是它们的相似之处…… 六. 单元语法 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语 [观察例句]注意划线的非谓语动词在句子中的成分 1. As I wandered in the National Gallery, I was amazed to see all the paintings. 2. It was surprising then to see so many people viewing important and precious artworks through their smartphones. 3. It might sound shocking, but they seemed more interested in taking photos and recording videos of artworks than appreciating them with their own eyes. 4. The art show in town next week sounds appealing. 5. The gallery staff looked very tired after working all day. [归纳用法] 一. 动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1. 现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：amazing(令人吃惊的), embarrassing(令人尴尬的), exciting(令人兴奋的), interesting(有趣的), disappointing(令人失望的), puzzling(令人困惑的), worrying(令人担忧的), boring(令人厌烦的), frightening(令人害怕的), moving(感人的), encouraging(鼓舞人心的), annoying(令人恼怒的)等。这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 2. 动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 二. 动词-ed形式作表语 1. 过去分词作表语的用法 过去分词可放在连系动词be(am, is, are)，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。动词-ed形式作表语时, 相当于形容词。常见的有: determined(坚定的), prepared(准备好的), concerned(担心的, 关心的), devoted(献身的, 忠诚的), lost(迷路的), broken(破碎的), crowded(拥挤的), married(已婚的)以及一些表示感情的动词-ed形式用作形容词, 例如: amazed(吃惊的), embarrassed(尴尬的), annoyed(恼怒的), disappointed(失望的), discouraged(沮丧的), satisfied(满意的), pleased(高兴的), moved(感动的), bored(厌烦的)等。 He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it, we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。 【易错提示】 1. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。试比较： The book is well written. 这本书写得很好。 The book was written by a soldier. 这本书是一位士兵写的。 2. 表示感情的动词的以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词作定语 以-ed结尾的形容词, 也可修饰事物, 被修饰词多为look(表情), smile(微笑), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等显示人的情感状况的名词。此时需注意其修饰事物时与以-ing结尾的形容词修饰事物时意义的不同。例如: a surprising look令人吃惊的表情(表情让别人吃惊) a surprised look惊讶的表情(自己吃惊) an amazing voice令人吃惊的声音 an amazed voice感到吃惊的声音 七. 单元写作 写一篇艺术品操作过程 描写制作一件艺术品的步骤属于说明文, 语言要简练明确。首先要清晰地说明需要的材料和工具等, 然后列出制作步骤和方法。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第二人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：说明要制作的作品； 主体：需要的材料和步骤； 结尾：如何处理制作好的作品。 [常用词块] (1)制作工具及材料 ①tool　　　 工具 ②material　 材料, 原料 ③knife　　 刀子 ④brush　　 刷子 (2)步骤及过程 ①procedure 步骤 ②a piece of 一片, 一块 ③firstly/to begin with/to start with 首先 ④the next step 下一步 ⑤finally/lastly/in the end 最后 ⑥a variety of 各种各样的 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①Have you ever tried to make art out of wood? 你试过用木头创造艺术品吗? ②What plays an important role in finding inspiration for your art from nature? 在你从自然中寻找艺术灵感的过程中, 什么起着重要的作用? ③Follow the steps below to make it. 按照下面的步骤来做。 ★正文佳句 ①There are endless possibilities for the works you create. 你创作的作品有无限的可能。 ②Red peppers can be used to make the mouth. 红辣椒可以用来做嘴巴。 ③Decide what image you want to create. 决定你想创作的图像。 ④To begin with, lay the butter on the bread and then arrange some vegetables on it. 首先, 把黄油涂在面包上, 然后在上面放一些蔬菜。 ★余味结尾 ①In the end, a fine artwork is produced. 最后, 一件精美的艺术品就诞生了。 ②If so, you can enjoy your work later. 这样以后你就可以欣赏自己的作品了。 活动介绍 假定你是李华，你班将参加校英语文化节“国际美食汇”活动，需制作一道融合中外元素的创意菜品。请你给外教Mr. Smith写一封邮件，邀请他担任美食顾问，介绍你班菜品及灵感。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：国际美食汇 International Food Fair    美食顾问food consultant Dear Mr. Smith, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr. Smith, Our class is preparing for the “International Food Fair” and we’d love you to join us as our food consultant. We plan to make a dish called “Anglo-Chinese Pie” — a crispy pastry pie filled with slow-cooked British beef and a hint of Chinese five-spice, topped with a layer of buttery mash. The idea comes from blending Yorkshire’s comfort food with Shanghai’s mooncake tradition. Could you share your advice on seasoning and presentation? Your guidance would truly make our dish stand out. We would be honored to have you with us. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面要求考生以李华的名义给外教Mr. Smith写一封邮件，邀请他担任班级的美食顾问，以参加校英语文化节“国际美食汇”活动，并向他介绍班级菜品及灵感。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 打算：plan to → intend to 源自于：come from → originate from 给出建议：share your advice → provide your insights 荣幸的：honored → privileged 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Could you share your advice on seasoning and presentation? Your guidance would truly make our dish stand out. 拓展句：Could you share your advice on seasoning and presentation, which would truly make our dish stand out? 【点睛】 【高分句型1】We plan to make a dish called “Anglo-Chinese Pie” — a crispy pastry pie filled with slow-cooked British beef and a hint of Chinese five-spice, topped with a layer of buttery mash. (运用了过去分词called、filled及topped作后置定语) 【高分句型2】We would be honored to have you with us. (运用了动词不定式短语to have you with us作原因状语) Unit 3 The art of painting 一、判断下列句子中黑体词的含义。 A. v. 击打   B. v. 使突然想起   C. n. 罢工   D. v. (灾难､疾病等)袭击   E. v. 划火柴   F. v. 敲钟 1. When I entered the room, the clock had just struck 10. ________ 2. As an old saying goes, “Strike the iron while it’s hot.” You’d better go over what you have learned as soon as possible. ________ 3. The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. ________ 4. They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. ________ 5. A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing hundreds of people. ________ 6. I was about to pay the taxi driver when it struck me that I had left my wallet on the airplane. ________ 【答案】1. F 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. D 6. B 【解析】 1. 考查单词词性与释义。句意：当我走进房间时，钟刚刚敲了10下。struck在句中是动词strike的过去分词，与had构成谓语，根据“the clock”以及“10”可知struck在句中意为“敲钟”。故选F。 2. 考查单词词性与释义。句意：俗话说：“趁热打铁。”你最好尽快复习你学过的东西。strike在句中是动词，意为“击打”。故选A。 3. 考查单词词性与释义。句意：女孩划了根火柴，温暖的光线立刻充满了房间。struck在句中是动词strike的过去式，作谓语，根据宾语“a match”以及“the warm light filled the room immediately”可知，struck意为“划火柴”。故选E。 4. 考查单词词性与释义。句意：他们为要求加薪已经罢工好几天了。strike在句中是名词，作介词on宾语，意为“罢工”。故选C。 5. 考查单词词性与释义。句意：去年一场大地震袭击了这座城市，造成数百人死亡。struck在句中是动词strike的过去式，作谓语，根据主语“A big earthquake”可知，struck意为“(灾难、疾病等)袭击 ”。故选D。 6. 考查单词词性与释义。句意：我正要付钱给出租车司机，突然想起我把钱包落在飞机上了。struck在句中是动词strike的过去式，作谓语，意为“使突然想起”。故选B。   A. (社会、商业或政治)活动  B. 战役  C. 参加运动 7. Professor White is respected as a scholar, who has campaigned against hunting whales for the last 15 years. ________ 8. When we look back, we can get to the knowledge that after the campaign at Waterloo, Napoleon was destined to be defeated. ________ 9. To our satisfaction, great changes have taken place in our city after the campaign of building a civilized city. ________ 【答案】7. C 8. B 9. A 【解析】 7. 考查动词。句意：怀特教授是一位受人尊敬的学者，在过去的15年里，他一直在反对捕鲸。句中campaign表示“参加运动”。故选C。 8. 考查名词。句意：回顾过去，我们可以认识到，在滑铁卢战役之后，拿破仑注定要失败。句中campaign表示“战役”。故选B。 9. 考查名词。句意：令我们满意的是，在建设文明城市运动之后，我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。句中campaign表示“(社会、商业或政治)活动”。故选A。 根据语境写出黑体词语的意思 10. The Internet technology is waging an information revolution, indicating our society entering an Internet era. ________ 11. Most employers are planning to cut down on wages instead of laying off employees in response to the economic depression. ________ 【答案】10. 开始，发动 11. 工资 【解析】 10. 考查动词。句意：互联网技术正在掀起一场信息革命，标志着我们的社会进入了互联网时代。根据“indicating our society entering an Internet era”可知，此处是指联网技术正在掀起一场信息革命，动词wage意为“开始，发动”。故填：开始，发动。 11. 考查名词。句意：为了应对经济萧条，大多数雇主都计划降低工资，而不是裁员。根据“instead of laying off employees in response to the economic depression”可知，此处是指降低工资，名词wages意为“工资”。故填：工资。 12. I offered to give them a lift, but they declined with thanks. ________ 13. An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport. ________ 【答案】12. vi. 谢绝 13. n. 减少 【解析】 12. 考查动词。 句意：我主动提出载他们一程，但他们礼貌地谢绝了。根据句中“offered to give them a lift”及转折词“but”可知，此处表示对方对提供的帮助进行了拒绝，decline在but后的分句中为谓语动词，且为不及物动词，意为“谢绝”。故填：vi. 谢绝。 13. 考查名词。 句意：汽车数量的增加导致了公共交通的减少。根据句中“An increase in cars”和“public transport”可知，此处表示一种下降或减少的趋势，结合the可知，decline为名词，作宾语，意为“减少”。故填：n. 减少。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. A strong feeling of warmth ________(strike) all of us when we saw the smiles on their faces. 【答案】struck 【详解】句意：看到他们脸上的笑容，我们所有人都心头涌上一股强烈的暖意。此处为谓语动词，结合从句可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，strike的过去式为struck。 2. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding ________(history) and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. 【答案】historic/historical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史文化遗产的重要性，以便后代理解和欣赏。名词relics前用形容词修饰。history的形容词形式有两个，分别是historic“有历史意义的；历史的”和historical“与历史有关的”。故填historic/historical。 3. Though one should have dreams, it’s not ________(real) to exist on dreams. 【答案】realistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管人应该有梦想，但靠梦想生存是不现实的。根据空前“it’s not”和空后“to exist on dreams”可知，此处应填形容词realistic，表示“现实的”，在句中作表语，构成“it is+形容词+to do sth. ”的句型，表示“做某事是……的”。故填realistic。 4. Do you understand why the local people are ________(oppose) to the new dam up the river? 【答案】opposed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你明白为什么当地人反对在河的上游修建新水坝吗？空处作表语，需填形容词opposed。故填opposed。 5. Past three ________(decade) have witnessed the evolution of the computer. 【答案】decades 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：过去的三十年见证了计算机的发展。设空处应填名词作主语，且由定语“Past three”修饰，表示“三个十年”，应用名词的复数形式。故填decades。 6. The committee is composed ________(most) of lawyers. 【答案】mostly 【详解】考查副词。句意：委员会主要由律师组成。此处应用副词mostly作状语，修饰动词短语is composed of，表示“主要地”。故填mostly。 7. This part of chorus is ________(worth) of being studied. 【答案】worthy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：合唱的这一部分值得研究。根据空前的“is”以及空后的“of being studied”可知，此处考查固定短语“be worthy of being done”，意为“值得被做”，所以空处需用形容词worthy。故填worthy。 8. Before ________(liberate), there were only bitter days and sorrow. 【答案】liberation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在解放之前，只有痛苦的日子和悲伤的时刻。“before”为介词，后应接名词或动名词。liberate的名词形式为 liberation，意为“解放”，故填liberation。 9. Although they choose the same major, their schedules are ________(oppose). 【答案】opposite 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管他们选择了相同的专业，但他们的课程表却相反。oppose是动词，意为“反对”，此处需用形容词作表语，opposite作形容词时意为“相反的”，描述课程表的状态。故填opposite。 10. Whatever others may say will not make any difference to my ________(arrange) 【答案】arrangements 【详解】考查名词。句意：不管别人怎么说，都不会影响我的安排。my后跟名词，arrange的名词是arrangement，意为“安排”，要用复数，故填arrangements。 11. The group is spreading ________ campaign for a new stadium in the town. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：该组织正在为在镇上建一座新体育场而展开一场运动。campaign是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，campaign是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 12. The government has pledged itself to wage a war ________ poverty and disease. 【答案】against 【详解】考查介词。句意：政府承诺要进行一场消灭贫穷和疾病的斗争。设空处使用介词与后文构成介词短语，介词against“反对，针对”符合句意。故填against。 13. Raw materials for painting come in many ________(various). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】varieties 【详解】考查名词。句意：绘画的原材料有很多种。此处应用名词variety作宾语，由many可知，应用复数，故填varieties。 14. It is often unwise to make ________(politics) statements without fully understanding the local culture. 【答案】political 【详解】句意：在不了解当地文化的情况下发表政治言论往往是不明智的。修饰名词statements，用形容词political，作定语。 15. The book’s colorful ________(illustrate) shows a young boy riding his bike through a forest. 【答案】illustration 【详解】句意：这本书中色彩丰富的插图描绘了一个小男孩骑自行车穿过森林。分析句子成分可知，空处应填入名词作主语，且空后的谓语动词为第三人称单数形式的shows，表明主语应为单数形式，illustrate的名词形式为illustration,意为“插图”。 16. The art gallery is hosting an ________(exhibit) of his work. 【答案】exhibition 【详解】考查名词用法。句意：这家美术馆正在举办他的作品展览。分析句子结构可知，不定冠词an后接单数名词，exhibit的名词形式为exhibition，表“展览”，在句中作宾语，符合语境。故填exhibition。 17. Though the task is tough, his ________(ambition) dream drives him to keep moving forward. 【答案】ambitious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然任务艰巨，但他雄心勃勃的梦想激励着他继续前进。空处作修饰dream的定语，形容词ambitious符合题意，意为“雄心勃勃的”。故填ambitious。 18. Engineers carried out a thorough________(inspect) of the track. 【答案】inspection 【详解】考查名词。句意：工程师们对轨道进行了彻底的检查。设空处作动词短语carried out的宾语，且前面有形容词thorough 修饰，应填名词 inspection 表示 “检查”，此处表示单数概念。故填inspection。 19. She is ________(ambition) that she will finish the adaptation. 【答案】ambitious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她雄心勃勃，要完成这个改编作品。根据空前is可知，空处需用形容词作表语，ambition的形容词为ambitious“有雄心的，有野心的”。故填ambitious。 20. To our sorrow, two ________(civilian) were killed in the big fire. 【答案】civilians 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：令我们悲痛的是，两名平民在大火中丧生。本空作主语，由two修饰，用名词civilian“平民”的复数形式。故填civilians。 三、完成句子。 1. 没有强有力的法律来控制广告商。即使他们被带上法庭，他们也不会面临严重的惩罚。(even though 引导让步状语从句) There are no strong laws to control advertisers. ________________________________, they don’t face serious punishment. 【答案】Even though they are taken to court 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“即使”，且引导让步状语从句用even though，首字母大写;主语为they；表示“被带上法庭”应用be taken to court，结合后文可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填Even though they are taken to court。 2. 每当妈妈感到工作压力大的时候，她就和她最好的朋友打电话——她说这是最简单的发泄坏心情的方法。(every time引导时间状语从句)   ________________ Mom feels stressed from work, she talks to her best friend on the phone — she says it’s the easiest way to ________________ her bad mood. 【答案】Every time; let out 【详解】第一空引导时间状语从句，表示“每当”用every time，首字母大写；第二空表示“发泄”短语为let out，为不定式作后置定语。 3. 人们可能认为，正是作家最适合进行电影改编。(It is. . . who/ that. . . 强调句型) One may think that it is the book writer ________________________________. 【答案】who/that is in the best position to do film adaptations 【详解】根据汉语提示和应用强调句型 “It is. . . who/that. . . ”可知，表示“最适合做某事”用短语 “be in the best position to do sth”；表示“进行电影改编”用 “do film adaptations”；表示“正是……”应用强调句型 “It is. . . who/that. . . ”，这里是对主语the book writer进行强调，因此谓语动词be用单数，再由may可知，时态为一般现在时，用is，因此整体表达为“who/that is in the best position to do film adaptations”。 Unit 4 Exploring poetry 一、核心单词 1. barren adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的 2. interpret vt. 解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi. 口译 3. legend n. 传说，传奇故事；传奇人物 4. allowance n. 津贴，补助；限额；零花钱 5. detect vt. 发现，查明，侦察出 6. rhyme n. 押韵词；押韵 vt. 使押韵 vi. 和……同韵 7. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的 8. clue n. 线索，提示；迹象 9. cage vt. 把(动物)关在笼中 n. 笼子 10. reward vt. 奖励，奖赏 n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金 11. inner adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 12. perceive vt. 注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 13. ideal n. 理想；典范 adj. 完美的，理想的 14. rigid adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 15. undergo vt. (underwent, undergone)经历，经受 16. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 17. belief n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 18. bend vi. & vt. (bent, bent) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n. 拐弯，弯道 19. claim n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 20. sigh n. & vi. 叹气，叹息 21. hence adv. 因此，由此 22. dare vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) 23. striking adj. 引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 24. characterize(also characterise) vt. 是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画 25. encounter vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突 26. numerous adj. 众多的，许多的 27. boom n. (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 28. cast vt. (cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n. 全体演员；投，抛 29. owe vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)；归功于；归因于 30. debt n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 31. entitle vt. (usually passive)给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 32. blame vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n. 责任，责备，指责 33. unforgiving adj. 不饶人的，不宽容的；棘手的 二、单词拓展 1. frozen adj. 结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→freeze v. 将……冷冻，冻僵→freezing adj. 严寒的，冰冻的 2. imply vt. 含有……的意思，暗示，暗指→implication n. 含义；暗示；影响 3. patience n. 耐心，忍耐力→patient adj. 忍耐的，耐心的 n. 病人→patiently adv. 耐心地 4. constant adj. 持续不断的→constantly adv. 不断地；始终，一直 5. logical adj. 符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的→logically adv. 逻辑上；符合逻辑地 6. reality n. 事实，实际经历；现实，实际情况→real adj. 真正的；确实的；真实存在的→really adv. 真正地；实际上 7. novelist n. 小说家→novel n. 小说 adj. 新颖的 8. stability n. 稳定(性)，稳固(性)→stable adj. 稳定的；牢固的；稳重的→stably adv. 稳定地 9. tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→tolerate vt. 容忍→tolerance n. 容忍 10. distinguish vt. & vi. 成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；高贵的；受尊重的 11. representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 典型人物，代表性人物；代表→represent vt. 代表；描绘 12. fascinate vt. & vi. 深深吸引，迷住→fascinating adj. 迷人的，吸引人的 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1. complex 常用义 生义 adj. 复杂的，难懂的 It’s a useful introduction to an extremely complex subject.   这是对一个极其复杂的主题的有用介绍。 n. 建筑群；复合体；情结 This is just one of a whole complex of issues. 这只是一大堆复杂问题中的一个。 Local government has released the plans for constructing a new stadium and leisure complex. 当政府已经公布了建造一个新的体育场和休闲中心的计划。 2. grasp 常用义 生义 n. 抓紧，握紧vt. 抓紧 His hand was taken in a warm, firm grasp. 他的手被温暖而坚定地抓住。 He grasped my hand and shook it warmly. 他抓住我的手，热情地握了握。 n. 理解，领会，控制；能力所及vt. 领会，理解 Don’t let the situation escape from your grasp. 别让局面失去控制。 Peace is now within our grasp. 我们现在和平在望。 The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis. 政府尚未意识到危机的严重性。 3. remote 常用义 生义 adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的 Landslides have cut off many villages in remote areas. 山体滑坡使偏远地区的许多村庄与外界隔绝。 Many folk-tales have come down from a very remote past. 许多民间故事是从遥远的过去流传下来的。 adj. 远亲的; 相差很大的；冷漠的；冷淡的；与人疏远的；清高的 He is one of my remote cousins. 他是我的远房表亲之一。 She looked so beautiful, and at the same time so remote. 她看起来那么漂亮，同时又那么冷漠。 四. 单元短语 1. dig up发现，搜集，查明 2. set sth aside把……放一边；留出 3. break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 4. make allowance for体谅；考虑到，估计到 五. 单元佳句 1. 句式：as if 引导方式状语 【教材】Second，approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. 第二，走进诗歌，就像你是一个置身于陌生风景中的探索者。 2. 句式：主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do 【教材】Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings. 相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。 3. 句式：as long as 引导条件状语从句 【教材】As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort. 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感触，或使你领悟到另一层含义，那你的努力就是值得的。 4. 句式：It＋be＋过去分词＋that. . . 【教材】It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。 六. 单元语法 非谓语动词综述 　非谓语动词常指动词不定式、动词-ing和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 形式 功 能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 v v v v v v 动词-ing v v v v v v 动词-ed v v v v [观察例句]非谓语动词在句子中所作成分. 1. The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century: they refused to follow rigid rules. 2. During that time, England was undergoing a process called industrialization. 3. Large factories were being built and people were made to work long hours. 4. Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature, the poetry of the Romantic era is one of the greatest treasures in Western literature. [归纳用法] 一. 非谓语动词作主语 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作主语。 To live is to do something valuable. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事。 Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your preference and emotions. 了解你自己的需要和交流方式与学会表达你的喜好和情感一样重要。 1. 动词不定式作主语时，常常用形式主语it代替，不定式置于句末。 常见句型： It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb. ) to do sth. It + be +名词+to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It’s up to sb. to do sth. It is unwise of you to stay up late every day. 你每天熬夜是不明智的。 It is everyone’s duty to obey the law. 遵守法律是每个人的义务。 It took her a month to read the novel. 阅读这部小说花了她一个月的时间。 It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助那些需要帮助的人是我们的责任。 2. 动词-ing形式作主语时，有时也可以用形式主语it代替，动词-ing形式置于句末。 常见句型： It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time/ …+动词-ing… It’s a waste of time trying to get her to change her mind. 要想让她改变主意是浪费时间。 It’s no good complaining-they never listen. 抱怨毫无用处——他们根本不听。E 二. 非谓语动词作宾语 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作宾语。 1. afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。 Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得表示愿意教他们滑水。 They intend to leave early tomorrow morning to avoid traffic jams. 为了避免交通堵塞，他们打算明天一大早出发。 2. advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, practice, suggest等动词后，以及 burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off等短语后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 We were considering buying a new car. 我们在考虑买一辆新车。 I really appreciated being selected to perform in the New Year Gala. 我真的很感激被选中在新年晚会上表演。 I put off going to the doctor but now I wish I hadn’t. 我推迟了去看医生的时间，但现在我希望我当时没推迟。 3. like, love, begin, start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者区别不大，常可以交换使用。 It started to rain. =It started raining. 下起雨来了。 I like talking with him for his humor. =I like to talk with him for his humor. 我喜欢和他交谈，因为他很幽默。 4. remember, forget, regret, try, mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。 Remember to turn off the lights before you leave. 你离开前记得关灯。 I remember turning off the lights before I left. 我记得我离开前关了灯。 5. 介词后一般只接动词-ing形式作宾语。 How about going for a walk? 去散散步怎么样？ My father was fond of fishing in the river when he was little. 我爸爸小的时候喜欢在这条河里捕鱼。 【巧学助记】 接动词-ing形式作宾语的口诀 建议抵制享受(suggest/ advise; resist; enjoy) 考虑承认冒险(consider; admit; risk) 避免推迟实践(avoid; delay/put off; practice) 期待成功完成(look forward to; succeed in; finish) 接动词不定式作宾语的口诀 同意提出做计划(agree; offer; plan) 要求答应来帮忙(demand/ ask; promise; help) 决定准备遭拒绝(decide; prepare; refuse) 敢于选择有希望(dare; choose; wish/ hope/ expect) 不能做到莫假装(fail; pretend) 设法做成决心坚(manage; determine) 三. 非谓语动词作表语 1. 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有时to可以省略。 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 教育的目的是发展儿童优良的品格。 2. 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 It’s surprising that the machine should break down only a week later. 这台机器竟然仅仅一周后就坏了，太令人吃惊了。 I was surprised that I was the first to arrive. 我很惊讶我是第一个到的。 My job is rearranging the books in the library. 我的工作是重新整理图书馆里的书。 四. 非谓语动词作定语 1. 动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事；动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事或表示主动意义；动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。 The girl singing in the next room is his sister. 隔壁房间里正在唱歌的女孩是他的妹妹。 They built a highway leading to the mountains. 他们建了一条通往山区的公路。 Half of the guests invited to the party are his colleagues. 被邀请参加聚会的客人中有一半是他的同事。 These trucks carry goods exported to foreign countries. 这些卡车运送出口货物。 2. 动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。 Are you going to the conference to be held next week? 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？ The man being questioned is the only witness to the accident. 正在接受审问的那个人是事故的唯一目击者。 注意： ① the only, the last, the next等以及序数词后常用不定式作定语。 ②被 the only, the best, the last, the next等或序数词修饰的词后，常用不定式作后置定 语。 ③ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等抽象名词 后常用不定式作定语。 China was the first developing country to independently perform a manned space flight. 中国是第一个独立进行载人航天飞行的发展中国家。 I don’t think he is the best man to do the job. 我认为他不是做这份工作的最佳人选。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 五. 非谓语动词作状语 1. 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者结果，动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随、让步、条件等意义。 We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our sky blue again. 我们将继续我们防治空气污染的运动，以使我们的天空再次变得蔚蓝。 He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. 他从小山上走下来，自顾自轻声哼着曲儿。 His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，他成了孤儿。 Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself. 尽管知道了一切情况，我还是想亲自去看一看。 Seriously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once. 她受了重伤，必须立刻送往医院。 Given more time, we would have done the work better. 如果(当时)给予更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 2. 动词-ing形式具有主动意义，动词-ed形式具有被动意义。 Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. 向右转，你会找到一条通往他的小别墅的小路。 Painted white, the house looks bigger. 漆成白色后，这房子看起来大了些。 3. 动词-ing形式作状语可用完成式。 Having been shown around the library, the visitors were taken to the playground. 参观完图书馆后，游客们被带到了操场上。 Not having received the answer, the girl decided to write another email. 由于没有得到答复，这个女孩决定再写一封电子邮件。 六. 非谓语动词作补语 1. allow, expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作补语。 Father will not allow us to play in the street. 父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。 We warned them not to skate on such thin ice. 我们告诫过他们，不要在这么薄的冰上溜冰。 2. see, hear, notice, watch, feel, let, have等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作补语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词-ing形式作补语，表示动作正在进行或一直在进行。 I saw him entering the bank. 我看见他正走进银行。(him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系) They had the fire burning all night. 他们让火整夜烧着。(burn这一动作一直在进行) 3. 动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。 I will have my bike repaired tomorrow. 明天我要让人修一下我的自行车。(让别人去修) He was happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 他很高兴看到母亲在家里受到很好的照顾。(his mother与take之间为逻辑上的动宾关系) 七. 单元写作 诗评 诗评可以理解为诗歌赏析, 可以对全诗整体分析, 表达自己的观点。也可以简介作者、作品并分析作品意象, 如解释或翻译诗句、评析诗句表达的意境等。通常用一般现在时为主，以第三人称为主。 【基本框架】 开头：诗歌的基本介绍； 主体：诗歌流行的原因； 结尾：个人感受 [常用词块] (1)内容 ①image　　　　　　 意象 ②sound 语音 ③rhythm 节奏 ④rhyme 韵律; 节律 ⑤pattern 模式 ⑥poet 诗人 ⑦poem 诗歌 ⑧inspiration 灵感 (2)评价 ①impressive 给人印象深刻的 ②influential 有影响力的 ③inspiring 激励人心的 ④touching 感动人的 ⑤hidden 内含的 ⑥moral 寓意, 道德上的 ⑦inspire 激励, 鼓励 ⑧bring out 使显现 [常用表达] (1)诗人的写作手法 ①The poet compares his sweet heart to a red rose and sweet music. 诗人把他的心上人比作红色的玫瑰花和悦耳的音乐。 ②The poet uses simile to express the strong affection which cannot be controlled. 诗人用明喻来表达难以控制的强烈的爱。 ③The poet uses repetition to intensify his emotion. 诗人用重复来加强他的感情。 ④The writer indicates the changes of seasons using unique techniques. 作者使用了独特的技巧来表现季节的变化。 ⑤The poem shows the truth that all real and beautiful things will disappear gradually. 这首诗揭示了一切真切而美好的事物最终定会逐渐消失的哲理。 (2)表达感想 ①The poem is so impressive that I will remember it forever. 这首诗使人印象深刻, 所以我会永远记住它。 ②The poem has touched my heartstring so I can have a better understanding of it. 这首诗触动了我的心弦, 所以我能更好地理解它。 ③What the poet wants to tell us is that we should have a positive attitude towards life. 诗人想告诉我们的是, 我们应该有一个积极的生活态度。 诗评 你校英文报正在开展以“传承中华优秀文化”为主题的诗歌评论征集活动。请你写一则诗评投稿，内容包括： 1. 诗歌简介； 2. 诗歌赏析； 3. 个人感受。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 “Thoughts on a Tranquil Night” is a masterpiece written by Li Bai, one of the most celebrated poets in Chinese history. The poem vividly describes the poet’s melancholy mood as he gazes at the bright moon on a tranquil night. At the beginning, the imagery creates a serene and peaceful atmosphere, making the reader feel as if they are there with the poet, experiencing the beauty of the night. As the poem progresses, the poet reveals his inner turmoil, expressing his longing for his homeland and his sadness at being far away. This poem shows the poet’s deep sense of nostalgia and homesickness, which is a common theme in Chinese poetry. In my opinion, this poem is so beautiful and poignant that it is a timeless classic. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。题目要求考生选择一首中国古诗写一则诗评，需包括诗歌简介、诗歌赏析和个人的感受。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 著名的：celebrated → eminent, prestigious, distinguished 描述：describe → narrate, recount, relate 首先：at the beginning → to begin with, at first 似乎：as if → as though 经历：experience → undergo, encounter, meet 展示：reveal → show, disclose, uncover, display 在我看来：in my opinion → from my perspective, as far as I am concerned 令人沉痛的：poignant → touching, moving, miserable 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：“Thoughts on a Tranquil Night” is a masterpiece written by Li Bai, one of the most celebrated poets in Chinese history. 拓展句：“Thoughts on a Tranquil Night” is a masterpiece written by Li Bai, who is one of the most celebrated poets in Chinese history. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】The poem vividly describes the poet’s melancholy mood as he gazes at the bright moon on a tranquil night. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】At the beginning, the imagery creates a serene and peaceful atmosphere, making the reader feel as if they are there with the poet, experiencing the beauty of the night. (运用了现在分词短语作状语和as if引导方式状语从句) 【高分句型3】This poem shows the poet’s deep sense of nostalgia and homesickness, which is a common theme in Chinese poetry. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) Unit 4 Exploring poetry 一. 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 A. 探测(v. ) B. 发现(v. ) C. 察觉(v. ) D. 检测(v. )   1. Scientists detected gravity waves from merging black holes. ________ 2. The radar detected an incoming missile. ________ 3. I detected a hint of sadness in her voice. ________ 4. The test is used to detect early signs of disease. ________ 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 【详解】 1. 考查动词。句意：科学家们探测到了来自合并黑洞的引力波。detected，动词，意为“探测”。 2. 考查动词。句意：雷达发现了一枚来袭的导弹。detected，动词，意为“发现”。 3. 考查动词。句意：我察觉到她声音里有一丝悲伤。detected，动词，意为“察觉”。 4. 考查动词。句意：这项测试用于检测疾病的早期迹象。detect，动词，意为“检测”。 A. vt. 抓牢，握紧 B. vt. 理解，领会 C. vt. 抓住(机会) D. n. 抓，握 E. n. 理解力，领悟力 F. n. 力所能及；把握 G. n. 控制；权力 5. She is ready to grasp any opportunity to expand the business. ________ 6. The king was determined not to let Scotland slip from his grasp. ________ 7. Luke took her arm in a firm grasp and led her through the gate. ________ 8. I grasped his arm firmly and led him away. ________ 9. An agreement to end the war seemed within their grasp. ________ 10. Her grasp of the issues was impressive. ________ 11. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. ________ 【答案】5. C 6. G 7. D 8. A 9. F 10. E 11. B 【详解】 5. 考查动词词义。句意：她准备抓住一切机会扩大业务。由“any opportunity to expand the business”可知，句子表示“她准备抓住一切机会扩大业务”，grasp是动词，意为“抓住”，故选C。 6. 考查名词词义。句意：国王决心不让苏格兰从他的掌控中溜走。由“slip from his”可知，句子表示“国王决心不让苏格兰从他的手中溜走”，grasp是名词，意为“控制；权力”，故选G。 7. 考查名词词义。句意：卢克紧紧抓住她的手臂，领着她穿过大门。由“took her arm”可知，句子表示“卢克紧紧抓住她的手臂”，grasp是名词，意为“抓，握”，故选D。 8. 考查动词词义。句意：我紧紧抓住他的胳膊把他带走了。由“his arm”可知，句子表示“我紧紧抓住他的胳膊”，grasp是动词，意为“抓牢，握紧”，故选A。 9. 考查名词词义。句意：结束战争的协议似乎唾手可得。由“An agreement to end the war seemed within”可知，句子表示“结束战争的协议似乎唾手可得”，grasp是名词，意为“力所能及；把握”，故选F。 10. 考查名词词义。句意：她对问题的理解力令人印象深刻。由“of the issues”可知，句子表示“她对问题的理解力令人印象深刻”，grasp是名词，意为“理解力，领悟力”，故选E。 11. 考查动词词义。句意：当时，我们没有充分理解到所发生的事情的重要性。由“the significance of what had happened”可知，句子表示“我们没有充分理解到所发生的事情的重要性”，grasp是动词，意为“理解，领会”，故选B。 A. 偏远的；偏僻的     B. 相差很大的     C. 细微的；微小的     D. 冷漠的；冷淡的 12. She looked so beautiful, and at the same time so remote. ________ 13. Landslides have cut off many villages in remote areas. ________ 【答案】12. D 13. A 【详解】 12. 考查形容词。句意：她看上去那么美丽，同时又那么冷漠的。句中remote为形容词，作表语，意为“冷漠的；冷淡的”。故选D项。 13. 考查形容词。句意：山体滑坡切断了偏远地区许多村庄的交通。remote为形容词，作定语，意为“偏远的；偏僻的”。故选A项。 判断下列句子中cast的词性及含义 13The priceless treasures were cast into the Nile(尼罗河). ________ 14He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. ________ 15The student cast his teacher a confused look. ________ 16. He was the only native Italian, the rest of the cast were British. ________ 【答案】13. vt. 扔 14. vt. 选派角色 15. vt. 向……投以 16. n. 全体演员 【详解】 13. 考查动词。句意：无价之宝被投进了尼罗河。分析句子可知，were cast是谓语，是一般过去时的被动，cast在此为及物动词的过去分词，译为“扔”，故答案为：vt. 扔。 14. 考查动词。句意：他让她在他的最新影片中扮演一位雄心勃勃的律师。分析句子可知，has cast是谓语，是现在完成时，宾语是her 。cast在此为及物动词的过去分词，译为“选派角色”，故答案为：vt. 选派角色。15. 考查动词。句意：那个学生困惑地看了老师一眼。分析句子可知，cast是谓语，是一般过去时，宾语是his teacher 。cast在此为及物动词的过去式，译为“向……投以”，故答案为：vt. 向……投以。 16. 考查名词。句意：他是唯一一个土生土长的意大利人，其他演员都是英国人。the cast是后句的主语，为名词。译为“全体演员”，故答案为：n. 全体演员。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Dreams are rather important, but we should also face the ________(real) bravely. 【答案】reality 【详解】句意：梦想固然重要，但我们也应勇敢面对现实。空处作宾语，需填名词reality。 2. The “Azheke Plan” has become a model of how rural tourism and heritage protection can work together to create meaningful experiences for the world to enjoy, and provides ________(reward) to those who preserve the heritage. 【答案】rewards 【详解】句意：“阿者科计划”成为了乡村旅游与遗产保护协同合作、为世界创造有意义体验的典范，同时为那些保护遗产的人提供回报。提示词reward作宾语，意为“回报、报酬”，是可数名词，结合语境，指多种回报，要用复数形式。 3. Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process, ________(set) aside impatience and anxiety. 【答案】setting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：真正的改变从来不会一蹴而就，除非你接受漫长而缓慢的过程，抛开不耐烦和焦虑。句子前半部分Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process是一个完整的主从复合句，其中unless you accept the long and slow process是条件状语从句，因此空格处需要一个非谓语动词作伴随状语。空格处的逻辑主语是you，you和动词短语set aside之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式setting作伴随状语，表示与“accept the long and slow process”同时发生的动作。故填setting。 4. To manage personal money wisely, we need to have enough ________(patient) to think twice before any purchase. 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：要想明智地管理个人钱财，我们就需要有足够的耐心，在进行任何消费之前先仔细考虑一番。作动词的宾语且被enough修饰，用名词patience，不可数。故填patience。 5. Scientists are ________(constant) looking for solutions to today’s problems, which gives us hope for tomorrow. 【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：科学家们在不断地寻找解决当今问题的办法，这给了我们对明天的希望。此处修饰谓语动词are looking for，应用副词constantly“不断地，一直”，作状语。故填constantly。 6. Yunjin’s categories include Kujin, Kuduan and Zhuanghua, of which Zhuanghua is the ________(complex), featuring vivid colors and 3D effects. ​ 【答案】most complex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：云锦的种类包括库锦、库缎和妆花，其中妆花工艺最为复杂，以色彩鲜活、富有立体感而著称。此处应用形容词作表语，由the和句意可知，此处表示“最复杂的”，应用最高级，故填most complex。 7. Some of the studies can be ________(contradict) and confusing, which even leads to some misunderstandings among the public. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有些研究可能是相互矛盾且令人困惑的，这甚至会在公众中引发一些误解。根据“can be”及“and confusing”可知，此空应是形容词contradictory，意为“相互矛盾的，对立的”，作表语。故填contradictory。 8. This summer holiday witnessed ________(number) visitors to the “Meet the Chinese Opera” exhibition in the city museum. 【答案】numerous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：今年暑假，市博物馆 “邂逅中国戏曲” 展览迎来了众多参观者。空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词visitors，number的形容词形式为numerous，意为“许多的”。故填numerous。 9. The ________(assume) that the price of the meat would go down was wrong in ________(real). 【答案】assumption; reality 【详解】考查名词。句意：肉的价格会下跌的假设实际上是错误的。第一空作主句主语，名词assumption“假设”符合题意，结合主句谓语was可知，主语应用单数形式；第二空作介词in的宾语，名词reality符合题意，in reality“实际上”是固定搭配。故填assumption；reality。 10. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it ________ meaning zero. 【答案】as 【详解】考查介词。句意：在法国，一个人遇到同样的手势可能会将其理解为表示零。固定搭配interpret as“把……理解为”。故填as。 11. She sighed ________ despair at the thought of all the opportunities she had missed. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：一想到自己错过了那么多机会，她就绝望地叹了口气。根据“at the thought of all the opportunities she had missed”可知，此处指想到这个而绝望地叹气，应用固定搭配with despair表示“绝望地”。故填with。 12. It________(claim) that soap powder pollutes the water we drink. 【答案】is claimed 【详解】考查固定句型、时态。句意：据称肥皂粉污染了我们喝的水。It is claimed that. . . 为固定句型，表示“据称……”。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，故填is claimed。 13. It is ________(believe) that the house was built in 1735. 【答案】believed 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：据信这座房子建于1735年。分析句子结构，It is believed that为固定短语，含义为“据信；人们认为”，符合句意，故填believed。 14. We hope to break ________ soon in the fight against the disease. 【答案】through 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们希望在与这种疾病的斗争中很快取得突破。根据后文in the fight against the disease表示“取得突破”可知短语为break through。故填through。 15. The car had ________(undergo) major repair before this accident. 【答案】undergone 【详解】考查动词。句意：在这次事故发生之前，这辆汽车进行了大修。作谓语，应用动词undergo，结合had可知为过去完成时。故填undergone。 16. It is ________ belief that his aunt, an 80-year-old lady, can sing and dance so wonderfully. 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：令人难以置信的是，他的姑姑，一位80岁的老太太，能如此精彩地唱歌跳舞。分析句子结构，be beyond belief为固定短语，含义为“令人难以置信”，符合句意，故填beyond。 17. ________ is my belief that music is something that everybody likes and enjoys. 【答案】It 【详解】考查it用法。句意：我相信音乐是每个人都喜欢和欣赏的东西。此处为句型it be+n. +that从句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，首字母大写。故填It。 18. The young nation has not attained political ________(stable) up till now. 【答案】stability 【详解】句意：这个年轻的国家至今尚未实现政治稳定。根据空前的形容词political可知，空处需填名词stability作宾语，表示“稳定性”。 19. He was chosen as a ________(represent) of the company. 【答案】representative 【详解】句意：他被选为公司的一名代表。不定冠词a后需接名词作宾语。represent是动词，其表人的名词形式是representative，表示“代表”。 20. The ________(strike) contrast between the two leaders’ speeches caught everyone’s attention. 【答案】striking 【详解】句意：两位领导人演讲中显著的对比引起了所有人的注意。空处修饰名词contrast，应用形容词作定语。strike的形容词形式为striking，意为“显著的，引人注目的”。 三、完成句子。 1. 那两个陌生人在派对上谈笑风生，仿佛已是多年的老友。 (as if) The two strangers talked and laughed freely at the party ________________________________. 【答案】as if they had been friends for many years 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“仿佛已是多年的老友”。根据提示词as if可知，此处需用as if引导方式状语从句；主句谓语talked and laughed为一般过去时，as if从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用过去完成时had done；从句的主语为they，“多年的老友”译为be friends for many years。 2. 很容易走神分散了注意力。 It’s easy to be distracted and________________________________. 【答案】let your mind wander 【详解】考查动词短语。结合句意“走神”可知短语为let one’s mind wander，用形容词性物主代词your，且上文为句型It’s adj. + to do sth. ，It形式主语，不定式是真正主语。故填let your mind wander。 3. 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。(as long as引导的条件状语从句) ________________________________ makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort. 【答案】As long as the journey of poetry reading 【详解】考查连词和名词。表示“只要”用as long as引导条件状语从句，从句主语“读诗之旅”用名词短语the journey of poetry reading表达。故填As long as the journey of poetry reading。 4. 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的就越多。 It is believed that ________ ________ you work, ________ ________ you’ll get. 【答案】the harder; the more 【详解】考查比较级。表示“越……越……”句型为the+比较级，the+比较级。表示“越努力”用比较级the harder；表示“越多”用the more。故填①the；②harder；③the；④more。 $