专题03 选择必修第一册Unit 1～Unit 2（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期译林版

专题03 选择必修第一册Unit1~Unit2单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Food matters 一、核心单词 1. slice n. 薄片，片；部分，份额 vt. 把……切成片；切开，割破 2. flavour (AmE flavor) n. 味，味道；特点，特色 vt. 给……调味，加味于 3. link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 4. native n. 出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人 adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的 5. sour adj. 酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi. & vt. (使)变坏；变味，酸腐 6. bond n. 纽带，联系；连接，结合 7. generate vt. 产生，引起 8. cycle n. 循环；自行车，摩托车 vi. 骑自行车 9. enhance vt. 提高，增强 10. boil vt. & vi. 用沸水煮；(使)沸腾 11. fry vt. & vi. 油炸，油煎 12. scenery n. 风景，景色；舞台布景 13. bet n. 打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi. & vt. (bet, bet)下赌注，打赌；敢说 14. atmosphere n. 气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气 15. elderly adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的 16. bake vt. & vi. 烘烤；烤硬 17. mild adj. 不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的 18. bitter adj. 味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的 19. loose adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 20. damp adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的 21. multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的 22. plain adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n. 平原 23. property n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产 24. estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本 25. essential adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的 26. concept n. 概念，观念 27. stimulate vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 28. appetite n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望 29. delicate adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的 30. steam vt. & vi. 蒸；散发蒸汽 n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽 31. edge n. 边，边缘； 二、单词拓展 1. mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围→moody adj. 情绪多变的; 伤感的 2. combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合→combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并 3. greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的→greed n. 贪婪 4. gently adv. 轻柔地，温和地→gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 5. association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→associate v. 联想，联系；(使)关联；交往 6. vary vi. 相异，不同；(根据情况)变化，变更 vt. 变更，改变→various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的→variety n. 多样；种类；多样化 7. emotion n. 情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→emotional adj. 感情的, 情绪的; 有感染力的→emotionally adv. 感情上, 情绪上; 冲动地 8. relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰 9. security n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→secure adj. 安全的 vt. 获得；保护；使安全 10. impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n. 印象；效果→impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 11. adorable adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的→adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢 12. foggy adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的→fog n. 雾 13. expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充 14. appropriate adj. 合适的→appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地 15. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumer n. 消费者；顾客→consumption n. 消费，消耗量；吃，喝 16. innovation n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法→innovate v. 创新；改革；革新→innovative adj. 创新的, 革新的 17. mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合→mix v. (使)混合，(使)结合→mixed adj. 复杂的；混合的 18. salt n. 盐→salty adj. 咸的, 含盐的 19. low adj. 低的; 近底部的; 低声的→lower vt. 降低, 减少; 把……放低, 使……降下 adj. 下面的; 在底部的; 低洼的 20. emphasis n. 强调, 重视; 重读→emphasize vt. 着重, 强调 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1. digest 常用义 生义 It takes time to digest all the information in this textbook. 慢慢吸收这本教科书里的所有信息需要花费时间。 Some foods are hard to digest for elderly people. 对老年人来说，有些食物很难消化。 I need a few minutes to digest what he just said. 我需要几分钟来理解他刚才说的话。 n. 摘要，文摘 This magazine digests news from around the world. 这本杂志汇编了来自世界各地的新闻。 2. flavour 常用义 生义 n. 味道 In recent years, various regions have introduced creative mooncake flavours based on their local features. 近年来，各地都根据当地特色推出了创意月饼口味。 n. 特色，精髓，口味; vt. 给……调味，加味于 The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour. 校服很好，但不够特别，没有中国特色。 Americans like Tso’s chicken, consisting of fried chicken flavoured with hot red peppers. 美国人喜欢左宗棠鸡，这是一种用红辣椒调味的炸鸡。 3. consume 常用义 生义 vt. 吃，喝，饮 He consumes too much junk food. 他吃了太多的垃圾食品。 v. 消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间) The fire consumed the whole building. 大火烧毁了整栋建筑。 Her work consumes most of her energy. 她的工作消耗了她大部分的精力。 The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆车耗费大量燃料。 4. association 常用义 生义 n. 联想，联系；联合，交往 We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 我们正在与当地一家公司合作，为无家可归者筹集资金。 The square had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me. 对我来说，这个广场使我联想到童年的假日。 n. 协会，社团 I’m writing this letter in the hope of getting the chance to be a volunteer of our School English Association. 我写这封信是希望能有机会成为我们学校英语协会的志愿者。 四. 单元短语 1. do the trick奏效，起作用，达到目的 2. cry out for迫切需要 3. throw oneself into投身于，热衷于 4. out of this world好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 5. let sth loose放任；释放 6. hit the spot使人满意，正合需要 7. fall apart破碎，破裂；崩溃 五. 单元佳句 1. 句式：“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 【教材】No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。 2. 句式：make复合结构 【教材】Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always makes us feel good. 治愈系食物味道可口, 通过与我们快乐的回忆之间建立情感联系, 它总是让我们心情不错。 3. 句式：Before引导时间状语从句 【教材】Before I know it, I’m happy again. 不知不觉, 我又高兴起来。 4. 句式：What… is that… 【教材】What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours. 我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。 5. 句式：sth. +be+v.-ed+to have done 【教材】They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. 人们相信, 四川火锅起源于清末 , 当时是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天取暖的一种方式。 6. 句式：it is+v.-ed+that. . . 【教材】Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今, 人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭。据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子! 六. 单元语法 动词不定式作主语和宾语 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to +动词原形”,其中 to 不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 一、动词不定式的时态和语态 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done [观察例句]观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. 2. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. 3. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. 4. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. 5. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal. 6. Since it takes about an hour to turn the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. 7. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is to sit by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. 8. It will be a good idea to invite your family and friends over for dinner. [归纳用法] 一、动词不定式作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。 【易错提示】很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。 To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。 (2)若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。it作形式主语时，有三种情况： ①常用形容词作它的表语。真正的主语不定式通常有逻辑主语，一般用for短语来表示，即for sb. to do sth. (其中sb. 就是to do的逻辑主语)。如： It's important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 特别注意：It+be+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 结构中for不能用of来代替，当表语形容词表示主语的性质或特征时，则不用for，而用of(sb. to do sth. )。如： It's very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。(可以说：You are very kind) ②有时也接名词作表语。如： It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship. 乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 ③it作形式主语时，还常用于“It takes (took /will take) sb. some time (money) to do sth. ”句型中。 It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。 It will take us a long time to walk there. 步行去那里要花费我们很长时间。 ④It made sb. + adj. + to do sth. In so doing, it makes them more likely to buy its products in the future. 这样做，它使他们更有可能在未来购买它的产品。 (3)动词不定式与疑问词how, what, when, where, which等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。如： How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用计算机是个问题。 关Where to go has not been decided. 去哪里还没有定下来。其常见句型有以下4种： 二、动词不定式作表语 (1) 动词不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task，aim，purpose，wish，dream，duty，plan，hope，job，problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。 The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我建议马上开始工作。 (2) 动词不定式作表语省略to的情况 动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。 All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion. 我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。 四、动词不定式作主语和表语的注意事项 (1) 动词不定式前通常可以加上for引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。 It only takes a few seconds for the computer to solve such a complicated problem. 只需要几秒钟计算机就可以解决这样复杂的问题。 【易错提示】 在“It+be+形容词+(for/of sb. )to do sth. ”句型中，for或of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语，其区别为：如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格，介词用of；如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征，介词用for。 It was kind of Harry to give up his seat in the bus to the old woman. 哈里真善良，在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。 动词不定式作主语和表语时，可以有时态、语态的变化。 Linda’s birthday party is to be held next Friday. 琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。(表示将来发生的被动动作) 七. 单元写作 写一篇介绍自己最喜欢的食物 本单元的写作任务是介绍最喜欢的食物。介绍最喜欢的食物属于描述性的说明文。描述性写作，顾名思义，是一种描述事物的写作形式。在这种体裁中，需要描述事物的地点、经历和情境等。其语言应该全面周到，且通过诗意的语言巧妙地描述一个概念。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一，三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：清楚地说明你最喜欢的食物是什么； 主体：描述你接触食物的经历，尤其是第一次； 结尾：描述食物的特点。 [常用词块] (1)常见食物 ①mooncake n. 月饼 ②dumpling n. 水饺 ③pizza n. 比萨 ④sandwich n. 三明治 ⑤noodle n. 面条 ⑥hamburger n. 汉堡 ⑦chip n. 薯条 ⑧soup n. 汤 (2)味道及成分 ①delicious/tasty adj. 美味的 ②sweet adj. 甜的 ③hot/spicy adj. 辛辣的 ④crispy adj. 酥脆的 ⑤appetizing adj. 开胃的 ⑥sugary adj. 含糖的; 甜的 ⑦ingredient n. 成分 ⑧flour n. 面粉 ⑨cream n. 奶油 ⑩cheese n. 奶酪 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①My favourite food is…. 我最喜欢的食物是……。 ②Compared with other foods, I have a preference for . . . 和其他食物相比, 我更喜欢…。 ★正文佳句 ①I’d like to try …. 我想尝. . . . . . 。 ②I’d like very much to …. 我很想尝尝它。 ③Too much fatty food makes me …. (吃了)太多高脂肪食物让我感到…。 ④This dish has all kinds of colors, which…. . 这道菜五颜六色, …. 。 ★余味结尾 ①…… remind me of my childhood wherever I go. 无论我去哪里, …. . 总会唤起我的童年时代。 ②All in all, I have a passion for ……. 总之, 我非常喜欢月饼。 1. 假定你是李华，你校英语报美食专栏正在开展“我最喜爱的一道家常菜”征文活动，请你根据以下要点写一篇英文投稿文章。 1. 菜品介绍；2. 喜欢的理由；3. 这道菜对你的意义。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 My Favorite Homemade Dish Among all the dishes served on the family table, chicken soup hits the spot and stands out as my favorite course. Chicken soup, which perfectly combines chicken, water and other ingredients, is cooked low and slow, and finally turns into a delicious dish with its tender texture. When it is ready and laid on the table, the beautiful colour catches my eyes and the smell of the soup fills the air, making my mouth water. I have preference not only for its delicate flavor and pleasant taste, but also for its significance. Every time I have this dish, I am transported back to my sunny childhood when I was taken good care of by my family members and I can feel my family’s love all the time. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生介绍一道自己最喜欢的家常菜。内容包括：菜品介绍、喜欢理由和内在意义。 【详解】 词汇积累 最后：finally → eventually 喜欢：have preference for → love 回到：be transported back to → go back to 变成：turn into → transform into 2. 句式拓展 句型转换 原句：When it is ready and laid on the table, the beautiful colour catches my eyes and the smell of the soup fills the air, making my mouth water. 拓展句：When it is ready and laid on the table, the beautiful colour catches my eyes and the smell of the soup fills the air, which makes my mouth water. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]Chicken soup, which perfectly combines chicken, water and other ingredients, is cooked low and slow, and finally turns into a delicious dish with its tender texture. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]I have preference not only for its delicate flavor and pleasant taste, but also for its significance. (运用了not only. . . but also句型) Unit 1 Food matters 一. 根据语境给黑体单词选择正确的汉语意思 1. Another powerful memory tool is the word association: using your imagination to create mental images linked to new words. ________ (A 联合,交往 B. 联系，联想) 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词。句意：另一个强大的记忆工具是词语联想：使用你的想象力来创建与新词相关的心理图像。由句意及using your imagination to create mental images linked to new words可知此处的association意为“联系,联想”，故选B项。 consume A. vt. 消耗 B. vt. 吃；喝；饮 C. vt. 烧毁；毁灭 2. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. ________ 3. The hotel was quickly consumed by fire. ________ 4. They consumed a bit more calories. ________ 【答案】2. B 3. C 4. A 【详解】 2. 考查动词词义。句意：这些动物吃了大量的植被，减少了公园里的植物多样性。由“animals”和“large amounts of vegetation”可知，句子表示“这些动物吃了大量的植被”，consume意为“吃；喝；饮”，故选B。 3. 考查动词词义。句意：旅馆很快就被大火烧毁了。由The hotel和fire可知，句子表示“旅馆很快就被大火烧毁了”，consume意为“烧毁；毁灭”，故选C。 4. 考查动词词义。句意：他们摄入了更多的卡路里。由“a bit more calories”可知，句子表示“他们摄入了更多的卡路里”，consume意为“消耗，摄入”。故选A。 写出下列句中digest的词性和词义 5. You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. ________ 6. If you are a student, do devote yourself to digesting your teachers’ instruction until you fully understand it. ________ 7. I will send you a monthly news digest as a birthday gift. ________ 【答案】5. vt. 消化 6. vt. 领会；理解 7. n. 摘要 【详解】 5. 考查digest的词性和词义。句意：饭后你应该留出一点时间让食物消化。由food可知，digest是动词，意为“消化”。故答案为“vt. 消化”。 6. 考查digest的词性和词义。句意：如果你是学生，一定要专心领会老师的教导，直到完全理解为止。由“your teachers’ instruction until you fully understand it”可知，句子表示“如果你是学生，一定要专心领会老师的教导，直到完全理解为止”，digest作动词，意为“领会；理解”。故答案为“vt. 领会；理解”。 7. 考查digest的词性和词义。句意：我将寄给你一份每月新闻摘要作为生日礼物。由“a monthly news”和“a birthday gift”可知，句子表示“我将寄给你一份每月新闻摘要作为生日礼物”，digest是名词，意为“摘要”。故答案为“n. 摘要”。 8. However, recent years have seen more and more unusual flavours come onto the market. ________ 【答案】口味 【详解】句意：然而，近年来，越来越多的不寻常口味进入了市场。根据句子的意思, flavour表示“味道”。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The museum has also worked with the Confucius Institute to display selected silk costumes in Venice, ________(expand) its international outreach. 【答案】expanding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该博物馆还与孔子学院合作，在威尼斯展出精选丝绸服装，扩大其国际影响力。句中谓语是has worked，空格处用非谓语动词，The museum和expand“扩大”之间是主谓关系，用现在分词表主动，作状语。故填expanding。 2. That way I can be prepared to respond ________(appropriate). 【答案】appropriately 【详解】考查副词。句意：那样我就可以准备好做出适当的反应。空处应用副词，修饰动词respond，作状语；appropriately为副词，表示“适当地、恰当地”，符合句意。故填appropriately。 3. Though the water was hot and the bathroom ________(steam), she suddenly felt chilled. 【答案】steamy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管水很热，浴室里也很潮湿闷热，但她突然感到一阵寒意。分析句子结构，though引导让步状语从句，从句为并列结构，前半句“the water was hot”为系表结构，后半句需保持结构一致，结合所给词steam，此处应用其形容词形式steamy，意为“湿热的、布满水汽的”作表语，与was构成系表结构，was可省略。故填steamy。 4. The scientist put forward some suggestions to promote technological ________(innovate). 【答案】innovation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位科学家提出了一些促进技术创新的建议。空处作promote的宾语，被technological修饰，innovate的名词形式innovation符合题意，意为“创新，革新”，是不可数名词。故填innovation。 5. Through trial and error, he concluded that the herbs have ________(property) to kill bacteria. 【答案】properties 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：经过反复尝试，他得出结论：这类草药具有杀菌功效。property在此意为“特性、性质”，是可数名词，此处应使用复数形式properties，泛指多种杀菌特性。故填properties。 6. The government placed ________(emphasize) on using wind to produce electricity. 【答案】emphasis 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府强调利用风力发电。根据空前的动词placed和空后的介词on可知，此处应用名词emphasis“强调，重视”，作宾语，构成固定短语place emphasis on。故填emphasis。 7. Consisting of a bamboo frame and a ________(delicate) painted paper surface, Chinese oilpaper umbrellas have long been viewed as a symbol of China’s tradition of cultural craftsmanship and poetic beauty. 【答案】delicately 【详解】考查副词。句意：中国油纸伞由竹制伞架和绘制精美的油纸伞面构成，长久以来被视为中国传统工艺文化与诗意美感的象征。空格后是过去分词painted，需要用副词来修饰，此处应填形容词delicate的副词形式delicately，意为“精致地；精美地”。故填delicately。 8. Therefore, buying local food has a ________(low) carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly. 【答案】lower 【详解】句意：因此，购买本地食品的碳足迹更低，也更环保。句意暗含和购买外地食物作对比，且and表示并列，前后结构需一致，后面的more environmentally friendly是比较级，故用low的比较级形式lower，意为“更低的”。 9. China’s agriculture powered with continuous technological breakthroughs has witnessed stable and high-quality development in recent years, laying a solid foundation for national food ________(secure) and sustainable rural revitalization. 【答案】security 【详解】句意：近年来，凭借持续的技术创新，中国的农业实现了稳定且高质量的发展，为国家粮食安全和农村的可持续振兴奠定了坚实基础。此处作介词宾语，应用名词security，food security意为“粮食安全”。 10. When the music was put on, the girl sang happily to it with her hand waving ________(gentle). 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：当音乐响起时，女孩高兴地随着音乐唱歌，手轻轻地挥动着。本空修饰动词waving，作状语，用副词gently“轻轻地”。故填gently。 11. Alexander is the new chairman of the French Cuisine ________(associate). 【答案】Association 【详解】考查名词。句意：亚历山大是法国美食协会的新任主席。空处前有定冠词the和名词短语French Cuisine修饰，且作介词of的宾语，需用名词association“协会”，此处为专有名词，首字母大写。故填Association。 12. When exploring a new city, it is fun to chat with the ________(native). 【答案】natives 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：探索新城市时，和当地人聊天很有趣。此处native表示“当地人”，是可数名词，作宾语，结合语境需用复数形式natives表示一类人。故填natives。 13. The koala that broke into the woman’s house was truly ________(adore). 【答案】adorable 【详解】句意：那只闯入女士家中的考拉实在太可爱了。系动词was后接形容词作表语，adore的形容词形式为adorable，意为“可爱的、讨人喜欢的”。 14. She does some voluntary work, caring for the ________(elder). 【答案】elderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她做一些志愿工作，照顾老年人。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处考查“the + 形容词”表示一类人。the elderly“老人；上了年纪的人”是固定搭配；the elder (后面不紧跟名词，指两者中的) 年长者。故填elderly。 15. Soon she was crying ________(bitter) about the pain and was holding her throat. 【答案】bitterly 【详解】考查副词。句意：很快，她就因为疼痛痛哭起来，还紧紧抓着自己的喉咙。空格处需修饰动词“crying”，需用副词形式作状语。所给词“bitter”是形容词，意为“痛苦的、剧烈的”，其副词形式为“bitterly”。故填bitterly。 16. The best time to visit the place is spring when the temperature is at its ________(mild). 【答案】mildest 【详解】考查最高级。句意：参观这个地方的最佳时间是春天，那时气温最温和。结合“The best time”可知，此处表示“最温和”，应用最高级mildest，故填mildest。 17. An ________(estimate) 1,600 ships pass through the strait every year. 【答案】estimated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据估计，每年有1600艘船只通过该海峡。分析句子可知，设空处动词estimate用作定语修饰名词短语1,600 ships，二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填estimated。 18. ________ is difficult to imagine the modern world without oil. 【答案】It 【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：很难想象没有石油的现代世界。此处用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。故填It。 19. Beyond product innovation, Yang places a strong ________(emphasize) on educational initiatives. 【答案】emphasis 【详解】句意：除了产品创新之外，杨还非常重视教育方面的举措。空处作places的宾语，根据a可知，用emphasize对应的名词形式emphasis。 20. The contrast — the modern on the old — connects locals to the ________(dynasty) that once ruled from here. 【答案】dynasties 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这种对比——现代与古老的对比——将当地人与曾经在这里统治的朝代联系起来。定冠词the后接名词。由定语从句that once ruled from here(曾统治过这里的)可知，朝代不止一个，故用dynasty的复数形式dynasties。故填dynasties。 21. It was a ________(fog) day in November when I heard the news. 【答案】foggy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我听到这个消息时，那是一个11月雾蒙蒙的日子。此处修饰名词day，应用形容词foggy“有雾的”，作定语。故填foggy。 22. The exhibition shows the perfect ________(combine) of traditional art and modern technology. 【答案】combination 【详解】句意：这场展览展示了传统艺术与现代科技的完美结合。作动词的宾语，用名词combination。 三、完成句子。 1. 即使在今天，无论中国人生活在哪里、说什么方言，依然可以通过文字交流。(“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句 ) Even today. ________________________________ or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 【答案】no matter where Chinese people live 【详解】句意：根据“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句的句型，表达“无论中国人在哪里生活”，用no matter where Chinese people live，用一般现在时。 2. 琳达通过了这次考试, 这让我们都很兴奋。(动词-ing的复合结构) ________________________________ makes us very excited. 【答案】Linda’s passing the exam 【详解】考查动词-ing的复合结构。动词-ing的复合结构通常由动词-ing形式和其逻辑主语所有格一起构成。在本句中动名词的复合结构做主语。“琳达通过了这次考试”为Linda’s passing the exam。故填Linda’s passing the exam。 3. 我花了三个小时才写完家庭作业。(before) It took me three hours ________________________________. 【答案】before I finished my homework 【详解】考查动词时态和时间状语从句。根据句意和提示词before可知，本句使用固定句型It takes sb. some time before. . . ，表示“花了某人多长时间才……”；主句谓语took为一般过去时，从句也需用一般过去时，表示“我”应用I，在从句中作主语；表示“完成家庭作业”译为finish my homework，finish的过去式为finished。故填before I finished my homework。 4. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。 Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China ________ ________ ________ crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains 【答案】is comprised of 【详解】考查动词短语及时态。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语be comprised of“由……组成”，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填①is；②comprised；③of。 5. 人们相信，它们(四川火锅)起源于清末，当时是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天取暖的一种方式。 (sb. be believed to do sth. / to have done sth. ) ________________________________ in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. 【答案】They are believed to have started off 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。表示“据信某人做了某事”应该使用固定句型即sb. be believed to do sth. / to have done sth，此处表示客观事实，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语“它们”they，be动词使用are，结构中不定式使用完成式结构，其表示该动作发生于谓语动作之前；表示“起源于”用start off，they置于句首，首字母大写。故填They are believed to have started off. 6. 众所周知，实施切实可行的措施对海洋保护有重大作用。(一句多译) ________________________________, taking practical measures makes a great difference to ocean protection. ________________________________ is that taking practical measures makes a great difference to ocean protection. (what引导的主语从句) ________________________________ taking practical measures makes a great difference to ocean protection. 【答案】As is known to all/As we all know; What is known to us all; It is known to us all that 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“众所周知”可用As is known to all/As we all know，as引导非限制性定语从句；或用What is known to us all，what引导主语从句；或用It is known to us all that，that引导主语从句。故填①As is known to all/As we all know；②What is known to us all；③It is known to us all that。 Unit 2 The universal language 一、核心单词 1. deserve vt. 值得，应得 2. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的 3. whisper vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 4. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 5. weep vi. & vt. (wept, wept)哭泣，流泪 6. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome)受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜 7. sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 8. forever adv. 永远；长久地；老是 9. folk adj. 民间的，民俗的 n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 10. tune n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音；调频道；调整 11. rural adj. 乡村的，农村的 12. guarantee vt. 保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 13. communist adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者 14. invader n. 武装入侵的军队(或国家)，侵略者 15. flow vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起 n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮 16. solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 17. recording n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 18. stare vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视 n. 盯，凝视，注视 19. grab vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧 20. sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept)席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n. 打扫，清扫 21. complicated adj. 复杂的，难懂的 22. accompany vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏 23. stream vi. & vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n. 小溪；(人)流，(车)流 24. vast adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 25. reputation n. 名誉，名声 26. brilliant adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 27. extraordinary adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的 28. upset adj. 难过的，失望的 vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 29. abandon vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 30. desperate adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 31. uplifting adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 32. ease n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi. & vt. (使)宽慰，减轻 33. genius n. 天赋，天资；天才 34. grand adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇 二、单词拓展 1. compose vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→composer n. 作曲家，作曲者 2. transform vi. & vt. (使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformation n. 转化；转换；变形 3. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应→adapt vt. 使适应；改编 vi. 适应→adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的 4. defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defence/defense n. 防御；防卫；保护 5. surround vt. 包围; 环绕→surrounding adj. 周围的, 周边的→surroundings n. 周围, 环境 6. combine vt. & vi. (使)融合; (使)结合, (使)混合; 兼做; 合并→combination n. 结合; 结合体 7. greet vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼→greeting n. 问候，招呼；(pl. )祝词；贺词 8. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit v. 对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n. 套装，西装 9. distant adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n. 距离；远方 10. breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象→breathe vi. 呼吸 11. expectation n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→expect vt. 预期；预料；期待；指望 vi. 认为；料想 12. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的→enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情 13. gifted adj. 有才华的，有天赋的→gift n. 礼物；天赋；赠品 14. prediction n. 预言，预测→predict v. 预言，预知；断言 15. depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→depressed adj. 沮丧的；萧条的→depression n. 抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期) 16. possess vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制→possession n. 拥有；(pl. )财产；财物 17. usual adj. 普遍的，寻常的→unusual adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 18. remark v. & n. 评论, 评述→remarkable adj. 非凡的, 奇异的, 显著的, 引人注目的→remarkably adv. 显著地, 非常 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1. compose 常用义 生义 v. 作曲，组成，撰写 Lost in composing a symphony, the musician didn’t hear the doorbell ring. 专心创作交响乐时，那位音乐家没听到门铃声。 As is known to us all, water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 我们都知道，水由氢和氧组成。 v. 镇静 He took several deep breaths to compose himself before he entered the examination room. 在进入考场之前，他做了几次深呼吸使自己平静下来。 2. dramatic 常用义 生义 adj. 激动人心的；引人注目的； 戏剧性的，夸张的 They watched dramatic pictures of the police raid(突击搜捕) on TV. 他们在电视上看了警察突袭的生动画面。 Don’t be so dramatic! We should be modest and honest. 别这么夸张！我们应该谦虚诚实。 adj. 突然的 What upsets the young people is the dramatic increase of the house prices. 使年轻人不安的是房价的急剧上涨。 3. brilliant 常用义 生义 adj. 聪颖的；鲜艳的，明亮的 I show my admiration for my cousin who is a brilliant young scientist. 我对我的堂兄表示钦佩，他是一位才华横溢的年轻科学家。 Cycling along the small path，and bathed in the brilliant sunshine，the boy felt at ease. 骑车沿着小路，沐浴在灿烂的阳光下，男孩感到很自在。 adj. 巧妙的，很成功的 All the audience agreed that the play was a brilliant success. 有的观众都认为这出戏非常成功。 When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea，she said，“What a brilliant idea！” 梅雷迪思夫人听到约翰的主意后，说：“多棒的主意啊！” 4. guarantee 常用义 生义 v. & n. 保证，确保 He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again. 他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。 Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time? 你能向我保证按时完成工作吗？ n. 保修单 They offered a two-year guarantee on all their electrical goods，which surprised many customers. 他们对所有电器产品提供两年保修，这使许多顾客感到吃惊。 四. 单元短语 1. tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 2. rely on依赖，依靠；信任 3. throw in奉送，额外赠送 4. for good measure作为额外增添 5. consist of由……组成(或构成) 6. get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 7. all of a sudden突然，猛地 五. 单元佳句 1. 句式：形容词短语作状语 【教材】Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. 梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。 2. 句式：see＋宾语＋宾补 【教材】Before him，he saw a sea of people all standing，clapping，and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork. 他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。 3. 句式：by the time引导时间状语从句 【教材】By the time he was a teenager，he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 4. 句式：so. . . that. . 【教材】He was so upset that，at first，he wanted to keep it a secret. 他痛苦不堪，以至于起初只想尽量隐瞒。 5. 句式：It turns/turned out that. . . 【教材】It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. 原来 乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部这里流行起来然后传遍全国。 六. 单元语法 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 动词-ing形式的语法作用相当于名词, 在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。因其具有动词的特征, 故有时态和语态的变化。如下表所示: 时态 语态 主动式 被动式 一般时 Doing Being done 完成时 Having done Having been done 其否定形式是在以上四种形式之前加not [观察例句]动词不定式在句子中所作成分. 1. Playing the qin was his life. 2. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. 3. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind. 4. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. 5. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. 6. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year. [归纳用法] 一、动词-ing形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作, 往往放在句首。也可用it作形式主语, 动词-ing形式作真正的主语放在句末。 As we all know, getting up early in the morning is beneficial to our health. 众所周知。早晨早起对我们的健康有益。 It’s no good playing computer games. 玩电脑游戏没有好处。 【归纳】常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型: (1)It is/was a waste (of. . . )/no use/no good doing sth. (2)There is/was no sense/no point. . . (in) doing sth. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。 There is no sense(in)worrying about it now. 现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。 【易错辨析】区分动词不定式及动词-ing形式作主语 (1)动词-ing形式多表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念或一个已经完成了的动作, 而不定式则表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作, 不过有时二者之间区别很小。 To accompany my parents is what I want to do this evening. 陪父母是我今晚想做的事。 Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。 (2)不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时可有逻辑主语。不定式的逻辑主语通常是介词for/of引导的名词或宾格代词; 动词-ing形式的逻辑主语则常用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。 It’s impossible for him to complete the task in such a short time. 他不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务。 The children’s loving nature can surely inspire their love for their family members. 孩子们对大自然的热爱能激起他们对家庭成员的爱。 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 1. 常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语): consider (考虑), suggest/advise, excuse/pardon, admit, delay, avoid, miss, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape等。 He denied lacking courage to overcome the difficulty on his own. 他否认缺乏独自克服困难的勇气。 I can’t imagine going there with him. 我无法想象跟他一起去那里。 2. 由“动词+介词”构成的短语, 其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 常见的有be/get used to(习惯于), look forward to(期盼), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote. . . to. . .(致力于……), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)等。 I think it’s time for you to get down to taking the issue seriously. 我认为是你认真考虑这个问题的时候了。 They insist on playing their music late at night. 已是深夜, 他们却依然在放音乐。 【易错辨析】 下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： ①mean to do sth. 打算做某事； mean doing sth. 意味着做某事； ②forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做过)③regret to do sth. 对要做的事情感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth. 对做过的事情后悔(已做)④try to do sth. 努力去做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事⑤go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事；go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事情 七. 单元写作 写一篇介绍自己喜欢的歌手或者乐队 人物介绍是高中生基础写作任务中常见的一种文体类型。它常涉及人物的出生、家庭背景、教育、生平经历、成就和评价等。叙事时, 要写清事情发生与发展的过程以及事情发生的前因后果等。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：人物简介； 主体：喜欢歌手的原因； 结尾：作者的感受。 [常用词块] (1)背景介绍 ①出生于…… be born in ②中国国籍 (of) Chinese nationality ③在……岁时 at the age of ④在他童年时 during/in his childhood (2)经历和事迹 ①从……毕业 graduate from. . . ②被……录取; 考入 be admitted to. . . ③出国深造 go abroad for further studies ④积极参加 take an active part in. . . (3)人物评价 ①总是乐于 be always ready to ②被认为是 be regarded/recognized as ③在……方面有天赋 have a gift for. . . ④致力于…… devote one’s life to. . . ⑤因……而受到尊敬 be honored for. . . ⑥对……做出贡献 make contributions to ⑦因……而被授予…… be awarded. . . for. . . ⑧对……有影响 have influence/effect/impact on (4)人物性格 ①friendly友好的 ②humorous 幽默的 ③selfless无私的 ④responsible负责任的 ⑤enthusiastic热心的 ⑥respectable值得尊重的 ⑦optimistic乐观的 ⑧independent 独立的 ⑨outgoing外向的 ⑩ambitious 有雄心壮志的 ⑪competent能胜任的 ⑫capable 有能力的, 有才能的 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①I am …. biggest fan. 我是……最忠实的粉丝。 ②My favourite singer is ……. 我最喜欢的歌手是……。 ★正文佳句 ①He graduated from ……. 他毕业于……。 ②……are very popular among young people. ……很受年轻人的欢迎。 ③In …. . , won the Annual Music New Power Award. …. . ,获得了年度音乐新力量奖。 ④He has devoted his time and energy to ……. 他把时间和精力都投入……了。 ★余味结尾 ①He is considered as one of the greatest singers of the 21st century. 他被认为是21世纪最伟大的歌手之一。 ②The reason why I like his songs is that his songs often take me back to my childhood. 我喜欢他的歌的原因是他的歌常常让我回想起我的童年。 ③His songs let me enjoy the beautiful melody. 他的歌曲让我享受到优美的旋律。 人物简介 Taylor Swift是美国著名歌手、作曲家。请根据下面提供的内容写一篇人物简介，内容如下： 1. Taylor Swift (1989-)生于美国宾夕法尼亚州，是美国最有名的女歌手、音乐制作人之一； 2. 她16岁便出了自己的第一张专辑； 3. 虽然只有31岁，但已获得无数奖项，她深受全世界粉丝所喜爱。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：宾夕法尼亚州Pennsylvania 奖项award ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Taylor Swift (1989-), one of the best known American singers and composers, was born in Pennsylvania, who is my favourite singer. She is not only beautiful but also very talented. When she was 16, she had her first album. She writes songs about her romantic life. Every time I listen to her songs, I feel calm and energetic. She is often so excited that she is deeply loved by her fans at home and abroad. Although she is only about 30 years old, she has already won quantities of awards. She is my idol. I wish I can go to see her concert one day. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生写一篇人物简介，介绍美国著名歌手、作曲家Taylor Swift。 【详解】 词汇积累 有名的：known →famous 有才能的：talented →gifted 拥有：have → own 希望：wish → hope 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：She writes songs about her romantic life. 拓展句：The songs which she writes is about her romantic life. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]Taylor Swift (1989-), one of the best known American singers and composers, was born in Pennsylvania, who is my favourite singer. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]Although she is only about 30 years old, she has already won quantities of awards. (运用了although引导的让步状语从句) Unit 2 Natural disasters 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 1. He has got brilliant achievements in the field of physics. ________ 2. The brilliant sun lit up their rooms. ________ 3. Memory is like a living book whose brilliant contents are worth reading a hundred times in my life. ________ 4. The novel is considered a brilliant performance. ________ 5. He was a brilliant young scientist. ________ 6. The purer a diamond, the greater its clarity(透明度) and the more brilliant it is. ________ 【答案】1. 卓越的 2. 灿烂的 3. 精彩的 4. 出色的 5. 才华横溢的 6. 明亮的；鲜艳的 【详解】 1. 考查单词释义。句意：他在物理学领域取得了卓越的成就。句中brilliant修饰名词achievements，作定语，为形容词，表示“卓越的”。故答案为：卓越的。 2. 考查单词释义。句意：灿烂的阳光照亮了他们的房间。brilliant为形容词，作定语修饰名词sun，表示“灿烂的”。故答案为：灿烂的。 3. 考查单词释义。句意：记忆如同一本鲜活的书籍，其精彩内容值得我一生品读百遍。brilliant为形容词，作定语修饰名词contents，表示“精彩的”。故答案为：精彩的。 4. 考查单词释义。句意：这部小说被认为是一部出色的作品。brilliant为形容词，作定语修饰名词performance，表示“出色的”。故答案为：出色的。 5. 考查单词释义。句意：他是一位才华横溢的年轻科学家。brilliant为形容词，作定语修饰名词短语young scientist，表示“才华横溢的”。故答案为：才华横溢的。 6. 考查单词释义。句意：钻石越纯净，透明度就越高，也就越明亮鲜艳。brilliant为形容词，作表语，修饰it(指diamond)，表示“明亮的；鲜艳的”。故答案为：明亮的；鲜艳的。 7. I can’t guarantee what would happen to your shop then! ________ 8. There can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. ________ 9. Whatever a guarantee says, when something goes wrong, you can still claim your rights from the shop. ________ 【答案】7. vt. 保证 8. n. 保证 9. n. 保修单 【详解】 7. 考查动词。句意：我不能保证你的店到时候会怎么样！该句加黑词汇guarantee位于can’t后面，且后接宾语从句，因此为及物动词，意为“保证”，满足句意要求。故答案是：vt. 保证。 8. 考查名词。句意：不能保证火车之间或火车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。该句加黑词汇guarantee位于be动词以及介词of前面，因此为名词，意为“保证”，满足句意要求。故答案是：n. 保证。 9. 考查名词。句意：不管保修单上写了什么，一旦出了问题，你仍然可以向商店索赔。该句加黑词汇guarantee位于冠词a后面，因此为名词，意为“保修单”，满足句意要求。故答案是：n. 保修单。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. We should regard AI as a tool to assist us, but not rely ________ it completely. 【答案】on 【详解】句意：我们应该把人工智能看作辅助我们的工具，而不是完全依赖它。固定搭配rely on. . . 意为“依赖，依靠”，本空需填介词on。 2. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists ________ 17 syllables. 【答案】of 【详解】句意：俳句是一种由十七个音节构成的日本诗歌形式。此处考查固定短语consist of，意为“由……组成”，符合语境。 3. Together with other evidence, the new discovery is reshaping the traditional narrative of human activity development and environmental ________(adapt) in East Asia. 【答案】adaptation 【详解】句意：这一新发现结合其他证据，正在重塑东亚地区人类活动发展与环境适应的传统说法。空处和development并列作介词of的宾语，名词adaptation“适应”符合题意，为不可数名词。 4. The cost of living in the city has seen a ________(drama) increase over the past decade. 【答案】dramatic 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，这个城市的生活成本急剧增加。本空修饰名词increase，作定语，用形容词dramatic“急剧的”。 5. The lawyer presented a strong ________(defend) for his client in the court. 【答案】defense 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位律师在法庭上为他的当事人进行了有力的辩护。根据空格前的presented a strong可知，空格处应该用单数名词defense作宾语。故填defense。 6. Man is always consciously or unconsciously influenced by the ________(surround). 【答案】surroundings 【详解】考查名词。句意：人类总是有意识或无意识地受到环境的影响。空处作介词by的宾语，用名词形式surrounding“周围事物，周围环境”，该词常用复数形式。故填surroundings。 7. By the time the project was completed, the team ________(overcome) countless difficulties. 【答案】had overcome 【详解】考查时态。句意：到项目完成之时，这个团队已经克服了无数的困难。根据上文By the time the project was completed可知表示过去某个时间以前就完成的动作，用过去完成时。故填had overcome。 8. I applied for the post more in hope than ________(expect). 【答案】expectation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我申请这个职位更多是抱着希望，而非期待。分析句子结构可知，than前后并列，与名词hope对应，应用expect的名词形式expectation，表“期待”，这里为不可数名词。故填expectation。 9. The swimming pool issued a command that children under 12 ________(company) by a responsible adult while using the facility. 【答案】be accompanied/should be accompanied 【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：游泳池发布了一项命令，要求12岁以下的儿童在使用设施时必须由一名负责任的成年人陪同。当名词command(命令)后接同位语从句时，从句需使用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，其中should可以省略。此处需用其动词accompany，children与动词之间是被动关系，即“儿童被陪同”，因此需要使用被动语态。故填(should) be accompanied。 10. When Jane first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was ________(usual) for a woman to live in the forest. 【答案】unusual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：1960年，当简第一次来到贡贝时，一个女人住在森林里是很不寻常的。根据句意和常识可知，1960年女人住在森林里是“不寻常的”，空处需填形容词unusual作表语。故填unusual。 11. It ________(compose) during the late Warring States period and the Han Dynasty, over 2,000 years ago. 【答案】was composed 【详解】句意：它创作于2000多年前的战国末期和汉代。compose(创作)是谓语动词，与主语It之间为被动关系，结合时间状语“over 2,000 years ago”可知，应用一般过去的被动语态，主语是单数代词，谓语用单数形式was composed。 12. Mark held his ________(breathe ) and stared at the barber’s face in the mirror. 【答案】breath 【详解】考查名词。句意：马克屏住呼吸，盯着镜子里理发师的脸。设空处应填名词作动词held的宾语，构成固定短语hold one’s breath，表示“屏住呼吸”。故填breath。 13. Numerous ancient groups grew here, casting their daily life scenes, spiritual beliefs, and cultural exchanges onto bronze, giving rise to a ________(brilliance) Bronze Age civilization. 【答案】brilliant 【详解】句意：众多古老族群在此繁衍生息，将他们的日常生活场景、精神信仰和文化交流熔铸于青铜器之上，孕育出了辉煌的青铜时代文明。空格处修饰名词短语“Bronze Age civilization”，用形容词形式brilliant作定语，表示“辉煌的；杰出的”。 14. Because Helen was so ________(enthusiasm) about learning, the results were amazing. 【答案】enthusiastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：因为海伦对学习很有热情，所以结果是惊人的。空格处用形容词作表语，enthusiasm的形容词是enthusiastic，意为“热情的”，故填enthusiastic。 15. Let us explore one of Xinjiang’s most ________(remark) forms of living heritage — Xinjiang handmade carpet. 【答案】remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：让我们来探索新疆最引人注目的活态遗产形式之一——新疆手工地毯。此处需用形容词修饰名词forms，动词remark对应的形容词是remarkable，意为“显著的；引人注目的”。故填remarkable。 16. The entertainment industry is one of the most ________(enthusiasm) advocates of VR. 【答案】enthusiastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：娱乐产业是虚拟现实最热情的倡导者之一。空前的the most表示最高级，空处应填形容词作名词advocates的定语，enthusiasm的形容词形式为enthusiastic，意为“热情的”。故填enthusiastic。 17. What shocked us is that the teenager is ________(gift) in painting, although he is silent all the time. 【答案】gifted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：让我们震惊的是，这个少年在绘画方面很有天赋，尽管他一直很沉默。空处作表语，表示“有天赋的”，应用形容词gifted。故填gifted。 18. We found the old house ________(abandon) for many years. 【答案】abandoned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现那栋老房子已废弃多年。句子谓语为found ，空处为非谓语动词，作the old house的宾语补足语，与逻辑主语the old house之间是被动关系，应用过去分词abandoned。故填abandoned。 19. The next two movements are full of desperate lows and ________(uplift) highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it. 【答案】uplifting 【详解】考查形容词。句意：接下来的两段乐章充满了低沉的悲怆与高昂的振奋，这或许既反映了他所遭受的痛苦，也体现了他顽强的抗争意志。修饰名词highs用形容词uplifting，作定语。故填uplifting。 20. There are many________(predict) about what the future will be like, but no one really knows for sure. 【答案】predictions 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于未来会是什么样子，有很多预测，但没有人真正确切知道。空处作主语，需填名词prediction，many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填predictions。 三、完成句子。 1. 我一看到他无助地躺在病床上，就意识到我别无选择只能独自完成我们的课题了。(see+宾语+宾语补足语) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As soon as I saw him lying helpless on the hospital bed, I realized that I had no choice but to complete our project alone. 【详解】考查固定短语、时间状语从句、时态。分析句子结构，这是一个包含时间状语从句与宾语从句的复合句。表示“一……就……”表达为as soon as；表示“我看到他无助地躺在病床上”表达为：I see him lying helpless on the hospital bed，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，从句谓语动词使用一般过去时，本句使用了“see+宾语+宾语补足语”因宾补与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词；表示“我意识到”含义的表达为：I realize，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时；表示“我别无选择只能独自完成我们的课题了”含义的表达为：I have no choice but to complete our project alone，因从句表示的是过去发生的动作，从句谓语动词使用一般过去时，故本句翻译为：As soon as I saw him lying helpless on the hospital bed, I realized that I had no choice but to complete our project alone. 2. 他们既生气又不耐烦，他们把她拖出宾馆，她的脚乱踢着。 ________________________________, they carried her out of the hotel, ________________________________. (形容词短语作状语, with 复合结构) 【答案】Impatient and angry; with her feet kicking 【详解】考查形容词和with复合结构。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“既生气又不耐烦”应用impatient and angry，为形容词短语在本句中作状语，且句首时首字母应大写；表示“她的脚乱踢着”应用with her feet kicking，为with复合结构，her feet与kick为主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式作宾补。故填Impatient and angry；with her feet kicking。 3. 到他回来的时候，我已经把作业写完了。(by the time引导时间状语从句) ________________________________, I ________________________________ my homework. 【答案】By the time he came back; had already finished 【详解】表达“到……的时候”用“by the time + 时间状语从句”，此处“他回来”的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时“he came back”；主句动作“写完作业”发生在从句动作之前，用过去完成时“had + 过去分词”，already放在助动词had之后，实义动词之前，即“had already finished”。句首单词首字母大写。 4. 场面如此炫目又充满活力，我都分不清台上的人究竟是演员还是运动员了。 It was ________________________________ that I wasn’t sure if the characters were performers or athletes. 【答案】so dazzling and energetic 【详解】句意：表示“如此……以至于……”应用固定句型so. . . that. . . ，引导结果状语从句，表示“令人眼花缭乱和充满活力”应用dazzling and energetic。 5. 事实证明，只有我们心怀善意，我们才能与自然和谐相处。(it turned out that; “only+状语”引起的部分倒装) ________________________________ in harmony with nature. 【答案】It turned out that only with our kindness can we live 【详解】考查固定句型以及部分倒装。本句话需要固定句型It turned out that…“事实证明……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语从句。“只有”可用only，“我们心怀善意”可以用介词短语with our kindness，with加介词短语(作状语)位于句首，后面的句子用部分倒转。根据汉语提示可知，句中需要情态动词can，提到主语we的前面，变成部分倒转，“自然和谐相处”的英文表达为live in harmony with nature。故填It turned out that only with our kindness can we live。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 选择必修第一册Unit1~Unit2单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Food matters 一、核心单词 1. ________ n. 薄片，片；部分，份额 vt. 把……切成片；切开，割破 2. ________(AmE flavor) n. 味，味道；特点，特色 vt. 给……调味，加味于 3. ________ vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 4. ________ n. 出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人 adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的 5. ________ adj. 酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi. & vt. (使)变坏；变味，酸腐 6. ________ n. 纽带，联系；连接，结合 7. ________ vt. 产生，引起 8. ________ n. 循环；自行车，摩托车 vi. 骑自行车 9. ________ vt. 提高，增强 10. ________ vt. & vi. 用沸水煮；(使)沸腾 11. ________ vt. & vi. 油炸，油煎 12. ________ n. 风景，景色；舞台布景 13. ________n. 打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi. & vt. (bet, bet)下赌注，打赌；敢说 14. ________n. 气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气 15. ________adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的 16. ________vt. & vi. 烘烤；烤硬 17. ________adj. 不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的 18. ________adj. 味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的 19. ________adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 20. ________ adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的 21. ________ adj. 数量多的，多样的 22. ________adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n. 平原 23. ________ n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产 24. ________vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本 25. ________ adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的 26. ________n. 概念，观念 27. ________ vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 28. ________n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望 29. ________adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的 30. ________ vt. & vi. 蒸；散发蒸汽 n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽 31 ________ n. 边，边缘； 二、单词拓展 1. ________n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围→________adj. 情绪多变的; 伤感的 2. ________ n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合→________ vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并 3. ________ adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→________ adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的→________n. 贪婪 4. ________ adv. 轻柔地，温和地→________adj. 温和的；文雅的 5. ________n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→________ v. 联想，联系；(使)关联；交往 6. ________vi. 相异，不同；(根据情况)变化，变更 vt. 变更，改变→________ adj. 各种各样的；多方面的→________ n. 多样；种类；多样化 7. ________ n. 情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→________adj. 感情的, 情绪的; 有感染力的→________adv. 感情上, 情绪上; 冲动地 8. ________ vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→________ n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰 9. ________ n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→________adj. 安全的 vt. 获得；保护；使安全 10. ________vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→________ n. 印象；效果→________ adj. 令人印象深刻的 11. ________adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的→________vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢 12. ________ adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的→________ n. 雾 13. ________vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→________ n. 扩大；扩张；扩充 14. ________ adj. 合适的→________adv. 适当地；合适地 15. ________ vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→________ n. 消费者；顾客→________n. 消费，消耗量；吃，喝 16. ________n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法→________v. 创新；改革；革新→________adj. 创新的, 革新的 17. ________ n. 混合物；混合，结合→________ v. (使)混合，(使)结合→________ adj. 复杂的；混合的 18. ________n. 盐→________ adj. 咸的, 含盐的 19. ________ adj. 低的; 近底部的; 低声的→________vt. 降低, 减少; 把……放低, 使……降下 adj. 下面的; 在底部的; 低洼的 20. ________n. 强调, 重视; 重读→________vt. 着重, 强调 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1. digest 常用义 生义 It takes time to digest all the information in this textbook. 慢慢吸收这本教科书里的所有信息需要花费时间。 Some foods are hard to digest for elderly people. 对老年人来说，有些食物很难消化。 I need a few minutes to digest what he just said. 我需要几分钟来理解他刚才说的话。 n. ________ This magazine digests news from around the world. 这本杂志汇编了来自世界各地的新闻。 2. flavour 常用义 生义 n. 味道 In recent years, various regions have introduced creative mooncake flavours based on their local features. 近年来，各地都根据当地特色推出了创意月饼口味。 n. ________________ The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour. 校服很好，但不够特别，没有中国特色。 Americans like Tso’s chicken, consisting of fried chicken flavoured with hot red peppers. 美国人喜欢左宗棠鸡，这是一种用红辣椒调味的炸鸡。 3. consume 常用义 生义 vt. 吃，喝，饮 He consumes too much junk food. 他吃了太多的垃圾食品。 v. ________________ The fire consumed the whole building. 大火烧毁了整栋建筑。 Her work consumes most of her energy. 她的工作消耗了她大部分的精力。 The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆车耗费大量燃料。 4. association 常用义 生义 n. 联想，联系；联合，交往 We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 我们正在与当地一家公司合作，为无家可归者筹集资金。 The square had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me. 对我来说，这个广场使我联想到童年的假日。 n. ________ I’m writing this letter in the hope of getting the chance to be a volunteer of our School English Association. 我写这封信是希望能有机会成为我们学校英语协会的志愿者。 四. 单元短语 1. ________________奏效，起作用，达到目的 2. ________________迫切需要 3. ________________投身于，热衷于 4. ________________好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 5. ________________放任；释放 6. ________________使人满意，正合需要 7. ________________破碎，破裂；崩溃 五. 单元佳句 1. 句式：“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 【教材】________________________________, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。 2. 句式：make复合结构 【教材】Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always ________________________________. 治愈系食物味道可口, 通过与我们快乐的回忆之间建立情感联系, 它总是让我们心情不错。 3. 句式：Before引导时间状语从句 【教材】________________________________, I’m happy again. 不知不觉, 我又高兴起来。 4. 句式：What… is that… 【教材】________________________________ they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours. 我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。 5. 句式：sth. +be+v.-ed+to have done 【教材】________________________________ in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. 人们相信, 四川火锅起源于清末 , 当时是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天取暖的一种方式。 6. 句式：it is+v.-ed+that. . . 【教材】Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and ________________________________ tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今, 人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭。据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子! 六. 单元语法 动词不定式作主语和宾语 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to +动词原形”,其中 to 不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 一、动词不定式的时态和语态 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done [观察例句]观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. 2. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. 3. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. 4. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. 5. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal. 6. Since it takes about an hour to turn the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. 7. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is to sit by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. 8. It will be a good idea to invite your family and friends over for dinner. [归纳用法] 一、动词不定式作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。 【易错提示】很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。 To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。 (2)若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。it作形式主语时，有三种情况： ①常用形容词作它的表语。真正的主语不定式通常有逻辑主语，一般用for短语来表示，即for sb. to do sth. (其中sb. 就是to do的逻辑主语)。如： It's important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 特别注意：It+be+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 结构中for不能用of来代替，当表语形容词表示主语的性质或特征时，则不用for，而用of(sb. to do sth. )。如： It's very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。(可以说：You are very kind) ②有时也接名词作表语。如： It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship. 乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 ③it作形式主语时，还常用于“It takes (took /will take) sb. some time (money) to do sth. ”句型中。 It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。 It will take us a long time to walk there. 步行去那里要花费我们很长时间。 ④It made sb. + adj. + to do sth. In so doing, it makes them more likely to buy its products in the future. 这样做，它使他们更有可能在未来购买它的产品。 (3)动词不定式与疑问词how, what, when, where, which等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。如： How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用计算机是个问题。 关Where to go has not been decided. 去哪里还没有定下来。其常见句型有以下4种： 二、动词不定式作表语 (1) 动词不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task，aim，purpose，wish，dream，duty，plan，hope，job，problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。 The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我建议马上开始工作。 (2) 动词不定式作表语省略to的情况 动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。 All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion. 我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。 四、动词不定式作主语和表语的注意事项 (1) 动词不定式前通常可以加上for引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。 It only takes a few seconds for the computer to solve such a complicated problem. 只需要几秒钟计算机就可以解决这样复杂的问题。 【易错提示】 在“It+be+形容词+(for/of sb. )to do sth. ”句型中，for或of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语，其区别为：如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格，介词用of；如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征，介词用for。 It was kind of Harry to give up his seat in the bus to the old woman. 哈里真善良，在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。 动词不定式作主语和表语时，可以有时态、语态的变化。 Linda’s birthday party is to be held next Friday. 琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。(表示将来发生的被动动作) 七. 单元写作 写一篇介绍自己最喜欢的食物 本单元的写作任务是介绍最喜欢的食物。介绍最喜欢的食物属于描述性的说明文。描述性写作，顾名思义，是一种描述事物的写作形式。在这种体裁中，需要描述事物的地点、经历和情境等。其语言应该全面周到，且通过诗意的语言巧妙地描述一个概念。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一，三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：清楚地说明你最喜欢的食物是什么； 主体：描述你接触食物的经历，尤其是第一次； 结尾：描述食物的特点。 [常用词块] (1)常见食物 ①mooncake n. 月饼 ②dumpling n. 水饺 ③pizza n. 比萨 ④sandwich n. 三明治 ⑤noodle n. 面条 ⑥hamburger n. 汉堡 ⑦chip n. 薯条 ⑧soup n. 汤 (2)味道及成分 ①delicious/tasty adj. 美味的 ②sweet adj. 甜的 ③hot/spicy adj. 辛辣的 ④crispy adj. 酥脆的 ⑤appetizing adj. 开胃的 ⑥sugary adj. 含糖的; 甜的 ⑦ingredient n. 成分 ⑧flour n. 面粉 ⑨cream n. 奶油 ⑩cheese n. 奶酪 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①My favourite food is…. 我最喜欢的食物是……。 ②Compared with other foods, I have a preference for . . . 和其他食物相比, 我更喜欢…。 ★正文佳句 ①I’d like to try …. 我想尝. . . . . . 。 ②I’d like very much to …. 我很想尝尝它。 ③Too much fatty food makes me …. (吃了)太多高脂肪食物让我感到…。 ④This dish has all kinds of colors, which…. . 这道菜五颜六色, …. 。 ★余味结尾 ①…… remind me of my childhood wherever I go. 无论我去哪里, …. . 总会唤起我的童年时代。 ②All in all, I have a passion for ……. 总之, 我非常喜欢月饼。 1. 假定你是李华，你校英语报美食专栏正在开展“我最喜爱的一道家常菜”征文活动，请你根据以下要点写一篇英文投稿文章。 1. 菜品介绍；2. 喜欢的理由；3. 这道菜对你的意义。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 1 Food matters 一. 根据语境给黑体单词选择正确的汉语意思 1. Another powerful memory tool is the word association: using your imagination to create mental images linked to new words. ________(A 联合,交往 B. 联系，联想) consume A. vt. 消耗 B. vt. 吃；喝；饮 C. vt. 烧毁；毁灭 2. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. ________ 3. The hotel was quickly consumed by fire. ________ 4. They consumed a bit more calories. ________ 写出下列句中digest的词性和词义 5. You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. ________ 6. If you are a student, do devote yourself to digesting your teachers’ instruction until you fully understand it. ________ 7. I will send you a monthly news digest as a birthday gift. ________ 8. However, recent years have seen more and more unusual flavours come onto the market. ________ 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The museum has also worked with the Confucius Institute to display selected silk costumes in Venice, ________(expand) its international outreach. 2. That way I can be prepared to respond ________(appropriate). 3. Though the water was hot and the bathroom ________(steam), she suddenly felt chilled. 4. The scientist put forward some suggestions to promote technological ________(innovate). 5. Through trial and error, he concluded that the herbs have ________(property) to kill bacteria. 6. The government placed ________(emphasize) on using wind to produce electricity. 7. Consisting of a bamboo frame and a ________(delicate) painted paper surface, Chinese oilpaper umbrellas have long been viewed as a symbol of China’s tradition of cultural craftsmanship and poetic beauty. 8. Therefore, buying local food has a ________(low) carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly. 9. China’s agriculture powered with continuous technological breakthroughs has witnessed stable and high-quality development in recent years, laying a solid foundation for national food ________(secure) and sustainable rural revitalization. 10. When the music was put on, the girl sang happily to it with her hand waving ________(gentle). 11. Alexander is the new chairman of the French Cuisine ________(associate). 12. When exploring a new city, it is fun to chat with the ________(native). 13. The koala that broke into the woman’s house was truly ________(adore). 14. She does some voluntary work, caring for the ________(elder). 15. Soon she was crying ________(bitter) about the pain and was holding her throat. 16. The best time to visit the place is spring when the temperature is at its ________(mild). 17. An ________(estimate) 1,600 ships pass through the strait every year. 18. ________ is difficult to imagine the modern world without oil. 19. Beyond product innovation, Yang places a strong ________(emphasize) on educational initiatives. 20. The contrast — the modern on the old — connects locals to the ________(dynasty) that once ruled from here. 21. It was a ________(fog) day in November when I heard the news. 22. The exhibition shows the perfect ________(combine) of traditional art and modern technology. 三、完成句子。 1. 即使在今天，无论中国人生活在哪里、说什么方言，依然可以通过文字交流。(“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句 ) Even today. ________________________________ or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 2. 琳达通过了这次考试, 这让我们都很兴奋。(动词-ing的复合结构) ________________________________ makes us very excited. 3. 我花了三个小时才写完家庭作业。(before) It took me three hours ________________________________. 4. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。 Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China ________ ________ ________ crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains 5. 人们相信，它们(四川火锅)起源于清末，当时是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天取暖的一种方式。 (sb. be believed to do sth. / to have done sth. ) ________________________________ in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. 6. 众所周知，实施切实可行的措施对海洋保护有重大作用。(一句多译) ________________________________, taking practical measures makes a great difference to ocean protection. ________________________________ is that taking practical measures makes a great difference to ocean protection. (what引导的主语从句) ________________________________ taking practical measures makes a great difference to ocean protection. Unit 2 The universal language 一、核心单词 1. ________ vt. 值得，应得 2. ________ adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的 3. ________vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 4. ________ adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 5. ________ vi. & vt. (wept, wept)哭泣，流泪 6. ________ vt. (overcame, overcome)受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜 7. ________ n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 8. ________ adv. 永远；长久地；老是 9. ________ adj. 民间的，民俗的 n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 10. ________ n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音；调频道；调整 11. ________ adj. 乡村的，农村的 12. ________ vt. 保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 13. ________ adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者 14. ________ n. 武装入侵的军队(或国家)，侵略者 15. ________ vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起 n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮 16. ________ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 17. ________ n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 18. ________ vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视 n. 盯，凝视，注视 19. ________ vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧 20. ________ vt. & vi. (swept, swept)席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n. 打扫，清扫 21. ________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的 22. ________ vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏 23. ________ vi. & vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n. 小溪；(人)流，(车)流 24. ________ adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 25. ________ n. 名誉，名声 26. ________ adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 27. ________ adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的 28. ________ adj. 难过的，失望的 vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 29. ________ vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 30. ________ adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 31. ________ adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 32. ________ n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi. & vt. (使)宽慰，减轻 33. ________ n. 天赋，天资；天才 34. ________ adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇 二、单词拓展 1. ________vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→________ n. 作曲家，作曲者 2. ________ vi. & vt. (使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→________ n. 转化；转换；变形 3. ________ n. 改编本，改写本；适应→________ vt. 使适应；改编 vi. 适应→________ adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的 4. ________vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→________n. 防御；防卫；保护 5. ________vt. 包围; 环绕→________ adj. 周围的, 周边的→________ n. 周围, 环境 6. ________ vt. & vi. (使)融合; (使)结合, (使)混合; 兼做; 合并→________n. 结合; 结合体 7. ________vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼→________ n. 问候，招呼；(pl. )祝词；贺词 8. ________ adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→________ v. 对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n. 套装，西装 9. ________ adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→________ n. 距离；远方 10. ________n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象→________ vi. 呼吸 11. ________n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→________vt. 预期；预料；期待；指望 vi. 认为；料想 12. ________ adj. 热情的，热心的→________n. 热心，热忱，热情 13. ________ adj. 有才华的，有天赋的→________n. 礼物；天赋；赠品 14. ________ n. 预言，预测→________ v. 预言，预知；断言 15. ________vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→________ adj. 沮丧的；萧条的→________ n. 抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期) 16. ________vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制→________n. 拥有；(pl. )财产；财物 17. ________adj. 普遍的，寻常的→________ adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 18. ________v. & n. 评论, 评述→________ adj. 非凡的, 奇异的, 显著的, 引人注目的→________adv. 显著地, 非常 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1. compose 常用义 生义 v. 作曲，组成，撰写 Lost in composing a symphony, the musician didn’t hear the doorbell ring. 专心创作交响乐时，那位音乐家没听到门铃声。 As is known to us all, water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 我们都知道，水由氢和氧组成。 v. ________ He took several deep breaths to compose himself before he entered the examination room. 在进入考场之前，他做了几次深呼吸使自己平静下来。 2. dramatic 常用义 生义 adj. 激动人心的；引人注目的； 戏剧性的，夸张的 They watched dramatic pictures of the police raid(突击搜捕) on TV. 他们在电视上看了警察突袭的生动画面。 Don’t be so dramatic! We should be modest and honest. 别这么夸张！我们应该谦虚诚实。 adj. ________ What upsets the young people is the dramatic increase of the house prices. 使年轻人不安的是房价的急剧上涨。 3. brilliant 常用义 生义 adj. 聪颖的；鲜艳的，明亮的 I show my admiration for my cousin who is a brilliant young scientist. 我对我的堂兄表示钦佩，他是一位才华横溢的年轻科学家。 Cycling along the small path，and bathed in the brilliant sunshine，the boy felt at ease. 骑车沿着小路，沐浴在灿烂的阳光下，男孩感到很自在。 adj. ________ All the audience agreed that the play was a brilliant success. 有的观众都认为这出戏非常成功。 When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea，she said，“What a brilliant idea！” 梅雷迪思夫人听到约翰的主意后，说：“多棒的主意啊！” 4. guarantee 常用义 生义 v. & n. 保证，确保 He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again. 他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。 Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time? 你能向我保证按时完成工作吗？ n. ________ They offered a two-year guarantee on all their electrical goods，which surprised many customers. 他们对所有电器产品提供两年保修，这使许多顾客感到吃惊。 四. 单元短语 1. ________________使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 2. ________________依赖，依靠；信任 3. ________________奉送，额外赠送 4. ________________作为额外增添 5. ________________由……组成(或构成) 6. ________________开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 7. ________________突然，猛地 五. 单元佳句 1. 句式：形容词短语作状语 【教材】________________________________, Liang falls sick and dies. 梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。 2. 句式：see＋宾语＋宾补 【教材】Before him，he ________________________________ their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork. 他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。 3. 句式：by the time引导时间状语从句 【教材】________________________________ reputation as a wonderful young musician. 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 4. 句式：so. . . that. . 【教材】He was ________________________________, at first，he wanted to keep it a secret. 他痛苦不堪，以至于起初只想尽量隐瞒。 5. 句式：It turns/turned out that. . . 【教材】________________________________country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. 原来 乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部这里流行起来然后传遍全国。 六. 单元语法 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 动词-ing形式的语法作用相当于名词, 在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。因其具有动词的特征, 故有时态和语态的变化。如下表所示: 时态 语态 主动式 被动式 一般时 Doing Being done 完成时 Having done Having been done 其否定形式是在以上四种形式之前加not [观察例句]动词不定式在句子中所作成分. 1. Playing the qin was his life. 2. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. 3. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind. 4. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. 5. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. 6. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year. [归纳用法] 一、动词-ing形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作, 往往放在句首。也可用it作形式主语, 动词-ing形式作真正的主语放在句末。 As we all know, getting up early in the morning is beneficial to our health. 众所周知。早晨早起对我们的健康有益。 It’s no good playing computer games. 玩电脑游戏没有好处。 【归纳】常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型: (1)It is/was a waste (of. . . )/no use/no good doing sth. (2)There is/was no sense/no point. . . (in) doing sth. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。 There is no sense(in)worrying about it now. 现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。 【易错辨析】区分动词不定式及动词-ing形式作主语 (1)动词-ing形式多表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念或一个已经完成了的动作, 而不定式则表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作, 不过有时二者之间区别很小。 To accompany my parents is what I want to do this evening. 陪父母是我今晚想做的事。 Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。 (2)不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时可有逻辑主语。不定式的逻辑主语通常是介词for/of引导的名词或宾格代词; 动词-ing形式的逻辑主语则常用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。 It’s impossible for him to complete the task in such a short time. 他不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务。 The children’s loving nature can surely inspire their love for their family members. 孩子们对大自然的热爱能激起他们对家庭成员的爱。 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 1. 常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语): consider (考虑), suggest/advise, excuse/pardon, admit, delay, avoid, miss, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape等。 He denied lacking courage to overcome the difficulty on his own. 他否认缺乏独自克服困难的勇气。 I can’t imagine going there with him. 我无法想象跟他一起去那里。 2. 由“动词+介词”构成的短语, 其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 常见的有be/get used to(习惯于), look forward to(期盼), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote. . . to. . .(致力于……), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)等。 I think it’s time for you to get down to taking the issue seriously. 我认为是你认真考虑这个问题的时候了。 They insist on playing their music late at night. 已是深夜, 他们却依然在放音乐。 【易错辨析】 下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： ①mean to do sth. 打算做某事； mean doing sth. 意味着做某事； ②forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做过)③regret to do sth. 对要做的事情感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth. 对做过的事情后悔(已做)④try to do sth. 努力去做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事⑤go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事；go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事情 七. 单元写作 写一篇介绍自己喜欢的歌手或者乐队 人物介绍是高中生基础写作任务中常见的一种文体类型。它常涉及人物的出生、家庭背景、教育、生平经历、成就和评价等。叙事时, 要写清事情发生与发展的过程以及事情发生的前因后果等。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：人物简介； 主体：喜欢歌手的原因； 结尾：作者的感受。 [常用词块] (1)背景介绍 ①出生于…… be born in ②中国国籍 (of) Chinese nationality ③在……岁时 at the age of ④在他童年时 during/in his childhood (2)经历和事迹 ①从……毕业 graduate from. . . ②被……录取; 考入 be admitted to. . . ③出国深造 go abroad for further studies ④积极参加 take an active part in. . . (3)人物评价 ①总是乐于 be always ready to ②被认为是 be regarded/recognized as ③在……方面有天赋 have a gift for. . . ④致力于…… devote one’s life to. . . ⑤因……而受到尊敬 be honored for. . . ⑥对……做出贡献 make contributions to ⑦因……而被授予…… be awarded. . . for. . . ⑧对……有影响 have influence/effect/impact on (4)人物性格 ①friendly友好的 ②humorous 幽默的 ③selfless无私的 ④responsible负责任的 ⑤enthusiastic热心的 ⑥respectable值得尊重的 ⑦optimistic乐观的 ⑧independent 独立的 ⑨outgoing外向的 ⑩ambitious 有雄心壮志的 ⑪competent能胜任的 ⑫capable 有能力的, 有才能的 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①I am …. biggest fan. 我是……最忠实的粉丝。 ②My favourite singer is ……. 我最喜欢的歌手是……。 ★正文佳句 ①He graduated from ……. 他毕业于……。 ②……are very popular among young people. ……很受年轻人的欢迎。 ③In …. . , won the Annual Music New Power Award. …. . ,获得了年度音乐新力量奖。 ④He has devoted his time and energy to ……. 他把时间和精力都投入……了。 ★余味结尾 ①He is considered as one of the greatest singers of the 21st century. 他被认为是21世纪最伟大的歌手之一。 ②The reason why I like his songs is that his songs often take me back to my childhood. 我喜欢他的歌的原因是他的歌常常让我回想起我的童年。 ③His songs let me enjoy the beautiful melody. 他的歌曲让我享受到优美的旋律。 人物简介 Taylor Swift是美国著名歌手、作曲家。请根据下面提供的内容写一篇人物简介，内容如下： 1. Taylor Swift (1989-)生于美国宾夕法尼亚州，是美国最有名的女歌手、音乐制作人之一； 2. 她16岁便出了自己的第一张专辑； 3. 虽然只有31岁，但已获得无数奖项，她深受全世界粉丝所喜爱。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：宾夕法尼亚州Pennsylvania 奖项award ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 2 Natural disasters 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 1. He has got brilliant achievements in the field of physics. ________ 2. The brilliant sun lit up their rooms. ________ 3. Memory is like a living book whose brilliant contents are worth reading a hundred times in my life. ________ 4. The novel is considered a brilliant performance. ________ 5. He was a brilliant young scientist. ________ 6. The purer a diamond, the greater its clarity(透明度) and the more brilliant it is. ________ 7. I can’t guarantee what would happen to your shop then! ________ 8. There can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. ________ 9. Whatever a guarantee says, when something goes wrong, you can still claim your rights from the shop. ________ 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. We should regard AI as a tool to assist us, but not rely ________ it completely. 2. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists ________ 17 syllables. 3. Together with other evidence, the new discovery is reshaping the traditional narrative of human activity development and environmental ________(adapt) in East Asia. 4. The cost of living in the city has seen a ________(drama) increase over the past decade. 5. The lawyer presented a strong ________(defend) for his client in the court. 6. Man is always consciously or unconsciously influenced by the ________(surround). 7. By the time the project was completed, the team ________(overcome) countless difficulties. 8. I applied for the post more in hope than ________(expect). 9. The swimming pool issued a command that children under 12 ________(company) by a responsible adult while using the facility. 10. When Jane first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was ________(usual) for a woman to live in the forest. 11. It ________(compose) during the late Warring States period and the Han Dynasty, over 2,000 years ago. 12. Mark held his ________(breathe ) and stared at the barber’s face in the mirror. 13. Numerous ancient groups grew here, casting their daily life scenes, spiritual beliefs, and cultural exchanges onto bronze, giving rise to a ________(brilliance) Bronze Age civilization. 14. Because Helen was so ________(enthusiasm) about learning, the results were amazing. 15. Let us explore one of Xinjiang’s most ________(remark) forms of living heritage — Xinjiang handmade carpet. 16. The entertainment industry is one of the most ________(enthusiasm) advocates of VR. 17. What shocked us is that the teenager is ________(gift) in painting, although he is silent all the time. 18. We found the old house ________(abandon) for many years. 19. The next two movements are full of desperate lows and ________(uplift) highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it. 20. There are many________(predict) about what the future will be like, but no one really knows for sure. 三、完成句子。 1. 我一看到他无助地躺在病床上，就意识到我别无选择只能独自完成我们的课题了。(see+宾语+宾语补足语) ________________________________________________________________ 2. 他们既生气又不耐烦，他们把她拖出宾馆，她的脚乱踢着。 ________________________________, they carried her out of the hotel, ________________________________. (形容词短语作状语, with 复合结构) 3. 到他回来的时候，我已经把作业写完了。(by the time引导时间状语从句) ________________________________, I ________________________________ my homework. 4. 场面如此炫目又充满活力，我都分不清台上的人究竟是演员还是运动员了。 It was ________________________________ that I wasn’t sure if the characters were performers or athletes. 5. 事实证明，只有我们心怀善意，我们才能与自然和谐相处。(it turned out that; “only+状语”引起的部分倒装) ________________________________ in harmony with nature. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $