Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦动词不定式作主语和表语这一核心语法点，通过短文实例感知引导学生分析成分，系统梳理直接作主语、形式主语it、“特殊疑问词+不定式”及被动形式等用法，对比动名词作主语的差异，构建从感知到理解的学习支架。 资料以实例分析和对比辨析培养学生语言能力与思维品质，设计单句语法填空、语段写作及综合训练（含阅读理解、完形填空）分层提升学习能力。课中助力教师系统授课，课后辅助学生巩固语法规则，弥补知识薄弱点。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage—To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并分析其所作成分 ①It is my great honour to deliver a speech about my dream.②My dream is to become a teacher.③When I was a little kid，my mother told me it is not easy to be a good teacher.④Hearing Mother’s words，my puzzle was what to do to become a teacher.⑤Mother told me it would take a lot of energy and time to make my dream come true.⑥Since then I have kept in mind that if I want to pursue my dream，to study hard is the first thing that I should do. 1．句①中to deliver a speech为动词不定式作真正的主语；it作形式主语。 2．句②中to become a teacher为动词不定式作表语，此句的主语为My dream。 3．句③中to be a good teacher为动词不定式作真正的主语；it作形式主语。 4．句④中what to do为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”作表语。 5．句⑤中to make my dream come true为动词不定式作真正的主语；it作形式主语。 6．句⑥中to study hard 为动词不定式作主语。 一、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语通常表示个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作，并且句子的谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。常见的动词不定式作主语的情况主要有四类： 1．动词不定式直接作主语。 To finish the work before Friday is not so easy. 在周五之前完成这项工作没有那么容易。 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 骑自行车到那里将花费我们半个小时的时间。 注意：动名词也可以作主语，但表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。 Smoking in public places is not good. 在公共场所吸烟不好。 2．形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语——动词不定式放在后面。 It would be better for you to cycle around the lake. 你最好绕着湖骑自行车。 It’s not easy to work out the problem. 计算出这道题不容易。 It is interesting to play with snow in winter. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 注意：it作形式主语时，有三种情况： ①用形容词作它的表语。真正的主语(动词不定式)通常有逻辑主语，一般用for短语来引出，即for sb to do sth。但当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，要用of。此时的表语形容词往往有clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。如： It’s easy for him to work out this math problem. 对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。 It was careless of him to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake. ＝He was careless to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake. 他真粗心，误把那瓶醋喝了。 ②用名词作表语。如： It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship. 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 ③用于“It takes/took/will take sb some time/money to do sth.”句型。如： It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我用了一个多小时的时间做作业。 3．“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语。 常见的特殊疑问词有what，who，which，when，where，how等。采用“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语，句子的谓语同样采用第三人称单数形式。 How to relieve the pain is a question. 如何缓解疼痛是一个问题。 Where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided. 还没有定下来在哪里举行会议。 4．动词不定式的被动形式作主语。 To be admitted by a key university is difficult for him. 对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是困难的。 二、动词不定式作表语 1．动词不定式直接作表语说明主语的具体内容，表示“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”。 作主语的词往往是表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)。 To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。 His wish is to become an astronaut. 他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。 My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. 我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。 2．动词不定式的被动形式作表语。 What he hoped was to be admitted into the university. 他希望能被那所大学录取。 注意：①有些作表语的动词不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。 She is to blame for the accident happening last night. 她应该为昨天晚上发生的事故负责。 ②如果主语中含有实义动词do的形式，表语中的to可以省略。 What we can do now is (to) wait here patiently. 我们现在能做的就是在这里耐心等待。 3．“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作表语。 常见的特殊疑问词有what，who，which，when，where，how等。“特殊疑问词＋不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构，作be动词的表语。 The greatest problem we are facing now is how to finish the work on time. 我们现在面临的最大问题是如何按时完成工作。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. 2．It is not a simple matter to determine(determine) the nature of talent. 3．The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，not to make(make) it more difficult. 4．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse(analyse) your short and long objectives. 5．Whether studying abroad will do harm to teenagers or good remains to be seen(see)． 6．My explanation seemed to have made(make) things worse，which drove me more anxious than before. 7．It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play(play) against the new team at the end of spring practice. 8．Most people believe that the best way to build a great team is to gather(gather) a group of the most talented individuals. Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用动词不定式 听说你的健康状况不佳，因为你习惯吃高脂肪和少纤维的快餐，我写信给你提供一些建议。首先，你应该知道你的目标是保持健康，在你的日常生活中要吃的是高维生素和低脂肪的健康食品。更重要的是，保持健康的饮食对你来说是非常必要的。最好的方法是自己在家做饭，而不是去餐馆吃。我坚信如果你听从我的建议，你一定会更健康。 Hearing that you suffered from poor health because of your habit of having fast food with high fat and little fibre，I’m writing 1.to offer some advice to you.To begin with，you should know that your aim is 2.to stay healthy,3.what to eat in your daily life is healthy food with high vitamins and low fat.What’s more，it is very essential for you 4.to keep healthy a diet.The best way is 5.to cook at home by yourself rather than go to the restaurant.I do believe you are 6.to be healthier if you follow my advice. 训练5　Grammar and usage—To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives(A)　[分值：52分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分) 1．It has been a pleasure to work(work) closely with Gordon and he leaves the club with all our best wishes. 2．The purpose of education is to develop(develop) a fine personality in children. 3．It is not easy for a foreigner to learn(learn) to speak Chinese. 4．When and where to hold(hold) the conference is still under discussion. 5．Our students’ job is to study(study) hard to realize our great ambition in the future. 6．It took him a long time to acquire(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 7．How to deal(deal) with the tough problem is the first thing we should consider. 8．Knowing he felt down，all that she could do was (to) comfort(comfort) him. Ⅱ.单句写作(共5小题；每小题3分，共15分) 1．她真蠢，一次又一次地犯同样的错误。 It is stupid of her to make the same mistake again and again. 2．对她来说树立起这个小男孩的自信是非常重要的。 It is quite important for her to build up the little boy’s confidence. 3．晚上他唯一能做的就是安静地读书。 In the evening，the only thing he could do was (to) read a book quietly. 4．在去博物馆的路上，雨下得特别大，我们忍不住想知道要花多久能到达那里。 On our way to the museum，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. 5．(应用文写作之演讲稿)我非常荣幸地发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。 It is a great honour for me to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Eating a traditional Mediterranean-type diet—rich in foods such as seafood，fruit，and nuts—may help reduce the risk of dementia(痴呆) by almost a quarter，a new study has revealed.Experts at Newcastle University found that individuals who ate a Mediterranean-like diet had up to 23% lower risk for dementia than those who did not.The research，published in the journal BMC Medicine，is believed to be one of the biggest of its kind as previous studies have typically been limited to small sample sizes and low numbers of dementia cases. Scientists analyzed data from 60,298 individuals from the UK Biobank，including individuals from across the UK，who had completed a dietary assessment.The authors scored individuals based on how closely their diet matched the key features of a Mediterranean one.The participants were followed for almost a decade，during which time there were 882 cases of dementia. The authors considered each individual’s genetic risk for dementia by estimating what is known as their polygenic(多基因的) risk—a measure of all the different genes that are related to the risk of dementia.They found that there were similar associations between sticking to Mediterranean diet and dementia risk in individuals with higher and lower genetic risk for this condition，which may indicate that even for those with a higher genetic risk，having a better diet could reduce the likelihood of developing the condition. Dr Janice Ranson，joint lead author on the paper，said，“Dementia impacts the lives of millions of individuals throughout the world，and there are currently limited options for treating this condition.Our study shows a Mediterranean diet that has a high intake of healthy plant-based foods may be important for future strategies to reduce dementia risk.For example，the dementia prevention efforts could go beyond general healthy diet advice and focus on choosing specific foods and nutrients.” The authors caution that their analysis is limited to individuals who self-reported their ethnic background as British or Irish，as genetic data was only available based on European countries，and that further research is needed in a range of populations to determine the potential benefit. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，采用地中海式饮食的人患痴呆症的风险较低。 1．What is special of this study? A．It has a great many participants. B．It has got a satisfying result. C．It hasn’t been published yet. D．It is based on the Mediterranean. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The research...is believed to be one of the biggest of its kind as previous studies have typically been limited to small sample sizes and low numbers of dementia cases.”以及第二段中的“Scientists analyzed data from 60,298 individuals...”可知，该研究的特殊之处在于其参与人数众多。故选A。 2．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．The result of the study. B．The objects of the study. C．The experts’ prediction. D．The individual difference. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中“They found that there were similar associations between...for this condition，which...”可知，研究发现即使遗传风险较高，地中海式饮食也可以降低患痴呆症的风险。由此可知，本段主要介绍这项研究的结果。故选A。 3．Why is the Mediterranean-like diet recommended to prevent dementia? A．Because it is rich in all kinds of nutrients. B．Because it has an influence on one’s genes. C．Because there are few treatments for dementia. D．Because no other diet has been found effective. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Dementia impacts the lives of millions of individuals...and there are currently limited options for treating this condition.”可知，治疗痴呆症的方法有限，结合下文中的“Our study shows a Mediterranean diet...may be important for future strategies to reduce dementia risk.”可知，因为治疗痴呆症的方法有限，而地中海式饮食对降低痴呆风险很重要，所以推荐地中海式饮食来预防痴呆症。故选C。 4．What will further research most probably focus on? A．Using the findings as a treatment for dementia. B．Finding more benefits of the Mediterranean diet. C．Studying the rate of dementia in different age groups. D．Involving participants of diverse nationalities. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据尾段“The authors caution that their analysis is limited to individuals who...and that further research is needed in a range of populations to determine the potential benefit.”可知，该研究的分析主要基于欧洲国家，进一步的研究需要丰富样本数据，由此可推断，下一步研究将注重吸纳不同国家的参与者。故选D。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Eating at restaurants hasn’t always been known as the best choice for people who are trying to keep a healthy diet.It is extremely hard for people 1. (avoid) food that isn’t so good for them when dining out.However，you don’t have to give 2. your love of restaurants.There are 3. (way) that you can eat healthier food when dining out. One method is 4. (take) time to read the nutrition information.Some restaurants post it on their menus or their website.If you know you’re going to visit 5. certain restaurant，you should check the website first.If no nutrition information 6. (list)，you should check the menu at the restaurant before you order. Another way is to think about not eating cream or butter sauces.Instead，consider 7. (choose) a sauce that could add a rich flavour to your food without extra calories. All restaurants have water available.Whether it is free 8. you have to buy it，you should choose to drink water over other drinks like beer or soda，which contain a lot of calories. Eating out doesn’t have to be an unhealthy 9. (decide) as long as you make wise choices.You could still enjoy all of the benefits of dining out and be 10. (please) with your choices later on. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在外面吃饭时如何做到健康地饮食。 1．答案　to avoid 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中It作形式主语，空处应填动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to avoid。 2．答案　up 解析　考查介词。结合句意可知，此处为固定搭配give up“放弃”。故填up。 3．答案　ways 解析　考查名词的单复数。由前面的There are可知，后面的名词way应用复数，表示“方式，方法”。故填ways。 4．答案　to take 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式在句中作表语，故填to take。 5．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。restaurant 是可数名词，在此处表泛指，用不定冠词修饰，且certain的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 6．答案　is listed 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。information与list之间是被动关系，且此处表示一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，又因information为不可数名词，be动词应用单数，故填is listed。 7．答案　choosing 解析　考查非谓语动词。固定用法consider doing sth意为“考虑做某事”。故填choosing。 8．答案　or 解析　考查连词。固定用法whether...or...意为“不管……还是……”。故填or。 9．答案　decision 解析　考查词性转换。由空前an unhealthy 可知，此处应填名词，故填decision。 10．答案　pleased 解析　考查词性转换。be pleased with sth意为“对某事满意”。故填pleased。 训练6　Grammar and usage—To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives(B)　[分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Herbert George Wells was born in England in 1866.He did not come from a rich family.His parents had a small shop but it was not successful and closed when he was thirteen.He worked at different times in a clothes shop and a chemist’s.He always read a lot and later managed to get a place at a science college.After he left there he became a teacher，but he was badly hurt while playing football and this meant that he could not continue.He then worked in London，writing for newspapers and doing some teaching of small groups.None of this made him much money. The Time Machine was his first fictional work.It appeared in weekly parts in a magazine in 1894 and as a book the following year.At the time，Wells was married to his second wife and was trying to support both her and her mother.He needed to make money，so he wrote it quite quickly.Although he was never really happy with the finished book，it was a great success and allowed him to continue as a writer. It is not easy for us to understand how different this book was from others of the time.It is the first real science fiction book.It introduces the readers to the idea of time as the fourth dimension，with the three dimensions of space ten years before Einstein made it part of scientific thinking.Wells also describes a simple mechanical answer to the problem of time travel—a time machine.Nobody had ever described time travel in a machine before，and the words “time machine” entered the English language. After the great success of this book，Wells wrote more science fiction.His most famous books are The Island of Dr. Moreau(1896)，The Invisible Man(1897)，The War of the Worlds(1898) and The First Men in the Moon(1901)．All of them have been filmed，some more than once.H.G.Wells died in London in 1946. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名作家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯的生平，包括其人生经历、作品等。 1．Why did Wells begin to write for newspapers in London? A．He wanted to make more money. B．He was never happy with his former job. C．He was seriously injured in sport. D．His second wife asked him to do so. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“After he left there he became a teacher，but he was badly hurt while playing football and this meant that he could not continue.He then worked in London，writing for newspapers and doing some teaching of small groups.”可知，他之所以开始为报纸撰稿是因为他在运动中受伤，所以只能放弃教师这份工作。故选C。 2．What can we learn about The Time Machine? A．It was Wells’ most famous work. B．It first appeared as a book. C．Wells was very satisfied with it. D．Its success helped to support Wells’ family. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四、五句可知，《时间机器》虽然未能让威尔斯满意，却使他赚了钱，养活了家人。故选D。 3．How different was The Time Machine from other books of the time? A．It introduced the idea of three dimensions of space. B．It first described time travel in a machine. C．Readers felt it easier to read and understand. D．It was the first fiction book in the world. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wells also describes a simple mechanical answer to the problem of time travel—a time machine.Nobody had ever described time travel in a machine before”可知，这本书在当时的独特之处在于首次描述了乘坐机器进行时间旅行。故选B。 4．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To introduce Wells’ life experiences and his works. B．To describe the plot of The Time Machine. C．To convince readers that Wells was a good writer. D．To illustrate the great and famous works of Wells. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。通读全文尤其根据第一段内容、第二段中的“The Time Machine was his first fictional work.”以及最后一段中“After the great success of this book，Wells wrote more science fiction.”可推知，文章的目的是介绍威尔斯的人生经历以及作品。故选A。 B Personal growth doesn’t necessarily only happen when the conditions are perfect.Seeds tend to develop only when conditions are right.A seed will remain dormant(休眠) until moisture(湿度) and temperature are favorable for growth.Unfortunately，as humans，we don’t always have the luxury of growing when conditions are just right.Sometimes you must cultivate(促进) personal growth and flower where you’re planted，often in spite of external(外部的) circumstances. For much of my life，I let external circumstances control my happiness.If things weren’t going well，then I wasn’t well.I told myself that I would be happier if conditions were right.With this mindset，I gave myself permission to stay emotionally dormant.I was waiting for things around me to change before I would do the work to become a better version of myself.In other words，I made my personal growth conditional on external circumstances. The problem with waiting for change outside of yourself is that you might have to wait a very long time，maybe even forever.And if you stay dormant while waiting，you aren’t growing.You’re simply stuck in place.You certainly aren’t becoming the better version of yourself that you want to be. If you want to engage in personal growth，like planting seeds，you have to do some work to make it happen.You can’t wait around for everything to fall into place.Start with pulling up your emotional weeds.Examine yourself and remove the pessimistic thoughts and behaviors that are holding you back.Then，work on the foundation that you have.Practice positive life habits that build your self-respect and happiness. Personal growth is something you can fight for.It may not come naturally，but when you develop this mindset，you will flower no matter where you’re planted. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了个人成长并非只能在条件完美的情况下发生，即使环境不完美，也必须让自己不断成长。 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To stress the importance of personal effort in growth. B．To complain about the lack of perfect conditions. C．To highlight the influence of external circumstances. D．To compare human development and seed growth. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。根据文章第一段中“Unfortunately，as humans，we don’t always have the luxury of...often in spite of external(外部的) circumstances.”可知，作者认为我们并不能只在条件适合的时候成长，所以，我们必须发挥主观能动性，促进自己的成长。由此可知，作者写第一段是为了强调个人努力在成长中的重要性。故选A。 6．Which of the following affected the author’s growth most in the past? A．Personal experiences. B．Outside influence. C．Sense of timing. D．Positive thoughts. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In other words，I made my personal growth conditional on external circumstances.”可知，过去外界的环境对作者的成长影响最大。故选B。 7．What does the author advise you to do to better yourself? A．To look for the right conditions. B．To get emotionally prepared for failures. C．To stop waiting and take action. D．To keep yourself pure through gardening. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“If you want to engage in personal growth，like planting seeds，you have to do some work to make it happen.You can’t wait around for everything to fall into place.”可推知，作者认为如果想要成为更好的自己，我们不能坐等一切，而是应该立即采取行动。故选C。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Happiness: You Are Your Own Master B．Life Journey: Insist till Efforts Bear Fruits C．Growth: Flower in Any Circumstances D．Life Changes: The Chance Is in Your Possession 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据文章第一段中“Unfortunately，as humans，we don’t always...Sometimes you must cultivate(促进) personal growth and flower where...often in spite of external(外部的) circumstances.”以及最后一段可知，文章主要讲述的是个人的成长不能总依赖外部环境，更重要的是自己的努力。只有这样，不管我们被种植在哪儿，我们都会开花。C选项能够概括文章主旨，适合作标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) Dogs are our friends.Taking your dog to work with you can be great for 1 . That was what Steyaert，who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after 2 her dog Nelson there. At first，she did so just to prevent him from being 3 during the day. She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there 4 and take in everything around him. Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would 5 shoppers walking by. “He lifts his paw to greet people，” Steyaert said. “He knows how to steal their 6 .And people’s behaviour made me 7 . I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.” The 8 Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love. Many people have 9 him over the years. Steyaert，in turn，has gained more 10 within her community. “It happens often that people 11 me through Nelson，” Steyaert said. Besides interesting many shoppers，Nelson has also 12 some people. For example，one day a girl asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson. She told Steyaert her dog had just passed away and that it was 13 to see and pet Nelson. That encouraged Steyaert to 14 her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace. While Nelson’s presence in the market 15 Steyaert’s sales，it’s their relationship that benefits much more from it. “He’s my best friend and always at my side，” Steyaert said. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。几年来，在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特都带着她的狗狗纳尔逊去上班，纳尔逊吸引了很多路人的注意，给斯泰耶特带来了很多生意，也跟很多人成为朋友，甚至治愈了他们，更重要的是，这让斯泰耶特和纳尔逊的关系受益良多。 1．A.health B．business C．education D．exercise 答案　B 解析　business生意；education教育；exercise锻炼。根据后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market”可知，此处是指带狗上班对生意会很有好处。故选B。 2．A.training B．losing C．bringing D．buying 答案　C 解析　train训练；lose失去；bring带来；buy购买。根据前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知，此处是指带着狗去市场之后。故选C。 3．A.alone B．dirty C．lazy D．impolite 答案　A 解析　alone孤独的；lazy懒惰的；impolite不礼貌的。根据“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知，此处是指防止它在白天孤单。故选A。 4．A.quietly B．freely C．curiously D．comfortably 答案　D 解析　quietly安静地；freely自由地；curiously好奇地；comfortably舒适地。根据“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知，此处是指纳尔逊可以舒服地坐在那里。故选D。 5．A.terrify B．attract C．rescue D．annoy 答案　B 解析　terrify使惊吓；attract吸引；rescue拯救；annoy使恼怒。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。故选B。 6．A.hearts B．customers C．seats D．dreams 答案　A 解析　customer顾客；seat座位。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊知道如何偷走他们的心。故选A。 7．A.anxious B．disappointed C．hopeless D．surprised 答案　D 解析　anxious焦虑的；disappointed失望的；hopeless绝望的；surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特感到惊讶。故选D。 8．A.skill B．encouragement C．attention D．knowledge 答案　C 解析　skill技巧；encouragement鼓励；attention关注；knowledge知识。根据“varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同。故选C。 9．A.befriended B．chosen C．forgotten D．raised 答案　A 解析　befriend成为……的朋友；choose选择；forget忘记；raise抚养。根据前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指许多人都和它成为朋友。故选A。 10．A.income B．power C．trust D．fame 答案　D 解析　income收入；power力量；trust信任；fame名气。根据后文“It happens often that people me through Nelson”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。故选D。 11．A.guide B．recognize C．contact D．praise 答案　B 解析　guide指导；recognize认识，认出；contact联络；praise表扬。根据“through Nelson”可知，此处是指人们通过狗狗纳尔逊认识主人斯泰耶特。故选B。 12．A.healed B．followed C．partnered D．admired 答案　A 解析　heal治愈；follow跟随；partner成为搭档；admire钦佩。根据后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away...to her workplace.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊治愈了一些人。故选A。 13．A.interesting B．difficult C．heartwarming D．discouraging 答案　C 解析　interesting有趣的；difficult困难的；heartwarming暖心的；discouraging令人沮丧的。根据“to see and pet Nelson”可知，此处是指看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。故选C。 14．A.change B．continue C．reconsider D．record 答案　B 解析　continue继续；reconsider重新考虑；record记录。根据“That encouraged Steyaert”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特继续她的有影响力的行为。故选B。 15．A.cuts down B．subscribes to C．tracks down D．contributes to 答案　D 解析　cut down减少；subscribe to赞成，订阅；track down追踪，查找；contribute to有助于，促成。根据前文可知，纳尔逊的出现吸引了很多顾客，有助于斯泰耶特的销售。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $