内容正文:
第04讲 Unit 3 My School
(知识全梳理&考点精准练)
内容导航
01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向:预习导航精准定向
02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知:情境概念深度构
考点精讲:聚焦常考要点,讲清逻辑
例题精析:典型题目带路,学会解题思路
即练固基:趁热打铁练一练,巩固刚学内容
03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实:过关检测分层提
关键词
学习目标导航
学习目标
1. 能够谈论学校内的不同场所及其位置。
2. 使用there be结构准确描述学校环境。
3. 掌握位置介词来描述物体的具体位置。
4. 介绍自己的学校,包括喜欢的场所和原因。
5. 提高对元音发音的识别和重读音节的准确性。。
学习重点
1. 学习和实践与学校场所相关的词汇。
2. 使用there be结构描述存在和位置。
3. 掌握位置介词,如in, on, under等,描述具体位置。
学习难点
正确使用there be结构描述复杂的场景布局。
1.我们在那里张贴重要通知。We put up important notices there.
【详解】1. put up张贴(告示、海报、通知)举起;搭建
We put up important notices on the school wall.
2. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 重要的,
importance(名词):重要性,常搭配 the importance of...
It is important to finish your homework on time.
按时完成作业很重要。
Our teacher tells us the importance of reading every day.
老师告诉我们每日阅读的重要性。
【典例】—Can you help me________ the picture on the wall?
—Yes, sure.
A. Put away B. put down C. put up D. put on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—你能帮我把这幅画______在墙上吗?—当然可以。
A. put away 意为“收起;放好”B. put down 意为“放下;写下”C. put up 意为“张贴;挂起;搭建”D. put on 意为“穿上;上演”。 结合“on the wall(在墙上)”的语境,“张贴/挂起”符合题意。故选C
【即练】We know the_________( important) of doing exercise.
2. The student center is between the library and the gym.学生活动中心在图书馆和体育馆中间。
【详解】between /bɪˈtwiːn/,在两者中间,只用于两个人、两个物体、两个地点之间。
固定搭配 between A and B:在A和B(两者)之间。
【典例】There is a small village _________ the two mountains.
A. between B. during C. among D. over
【答案】A
【详解】句意:两座山之间有一个小村庄。
A. between 意为“在……(两者)之间”;B. during 意为“在……期间”;C. among 意为“在……(三者及以上)之间”;D. over 意为“在……正上方”。结合“the two mountains(两座山)”的语境,“在两者之间”符合题意。故选A
【即练】书桌摆在床和衣柜中间。The desk is _______ the bed ________ the wardrobe.
3. —What's Peter's classroom like? 彼得的教室是什么样子的?
—It's very big.它非常宽敞。
【详解】What's + 某物 + like? 某物是什么样子的?
like 是介词,意为“像……”,不能译作“喜欢”; 表“喜欢”要用:What does sb.like?
—What's the gym like?体育馆是什么样子?
—It's large and bright.它又大又明亮。
—What does Peter like?彼得喜欢什么?
—He likes reading 他喜欢读书
【典例】—What's the library like?
—___________
A.It's in front of the student center Street. B.It likes flowers.
C. It's quiet and clean. D.There isn't anything.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—图书馆是什么样的?—________。
A. It's in front of the student center Street.(它在学生中心街前面。)描述位置;
B. It likes flowers.(它喜欢花。)语义错误;
C. It's quiet and clean.(它又安静又干净。)描述事物特征;
D. There isn't anything.(什么都没有。)语义不通。
“What's...like?”用于询问事物的特征/样子,回答应描述其特点,故选C。
【即练】 —__________
—It's small but warm.
A. What's your room like? B.What does your room like?
C.Is there a desk in your room? D.Where is your room?
4. Thanks for your email.谢谢你发来的邮件。
【详解】Thanks for + 名词/动名词因……而感谢你,等同于 Thank you for...
for 是介词,后面只能接名词、代词或者动词-ing形式。
Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮忙。
【典例】 Thanks for _________(tell) me the news.
【答案】telling
【详解】句意:谢谢你告诉我这个消息。
介词for后接动名词形式,动词tell的动名词形式为telling。故填telling。
【即练】谢谢你发来的精美照片。______ _______ your nice photos.
5. Every Monday, we raise the flag there.每周一,我们在那里升旗。
【详解】 raise /reɪz/(动词,及物动词,后面必须接宾语)1) 举起;抬起;升起(人为主动向上搬动、抬起某物)2)筹集;养育;提出
辨析:
raise:人为主动举起、升起,及物动词,必须加宾语
He raises his box onto the desk.
他把箱子抬到桌子上。
rise:自然上升、自行升起(太阳、水位、物价),不及物动词,不加宾语
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
raise the flag升旗;升国旗
They raise the red flag on the top of the building.他们在楼顶升起红旗。
【典例】Please _________ your hand if you have questions.
A. rise B. put C. raise D. take
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如果你有问题,请______你的手。
A. rise 意为“升起;上升”,是不及物动词,不能直接接宾语;
B. put 意为“放;放置”,put your hand 无“举手”含义;
C. raise 意为“举起;抬起”,是及物动词,可直接接宾语,raise your hand 表示“举手”,符合题意;
D. take 意为“拿;取”,take your hand 语义不通。
故选C。
【即练】同学们为贫困孩子筹款。Students _______ ______ for poor kids.
6. It's a special way to start the week.这是开启一周新生活的一种特别方式。
【详解】a way to do sth.“做某事的方法/方式”。
Reading is a good way to relax.阅读是一种放松的好方式。
【典例】 It's a nice way _______(say) goodbye.
【答案】to say
【详解】句意:这是一种很好的告别方式。
“a way to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“做某事的方式”,此处需用动词不定式作后置定语修饰way,故填to say。
【即练】Doing sports is a great way _______( keep) healthy.
7.How is Peter's school similar to yours?彼得的学校和你的学校有哪些相似之处?
【详解】be similar to与……相似;和……相像 to 是介词,后接名词/代词/名词短语,不能接动词原形
My bag is similar to Lily's.我的书包和莉莉的书包很像。
【典例】This book is similar ________ that one.
A. of B. as C. with D. to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这本书和那本书很像。
“be similar to”是固定搭配,意为“与……相似/相像”,介词需用to。故选D。
【即练】我们的教室和他们的教室差不多。Our classroom is _______ ______ theirs.
8.—Where is the library? —— 图书馆在哪里?
—It is behind the classroom building. 它在教学楼后面。
【详解】1.表达某物/某人在某地常见句型:
1)主语 + be + 方位词(某物/某人在某地)
My classroom is next to the office. 我的教室紧挨着办公室。
2)There is + 单数名词/不可数名词 + 方位词 + 地点.(在某地有某人某物)
There is a gym across from the library.图书馆对面有一个体育馆。
2.方位介词小结:
1) on 在……上面(表面接触) 2) in 在……里面 3)under 在……正下方
4)near 在……附近 5) behind 在……后面
6) in front of 在……(外部)前面 7)between 在两者之间(搭配:between A and B)
8) next to 紧挨着、在……旁边 9) across from 在……对面
10) at the back of 在……(内部)后部 11) in the middle of 在……中间
辨析in front of;in the front of
1)in front of 表示在某物外部的前面。如,
There is a big tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵大树。(树在房子外面。)
She is standing in front of me. 她站在我前面。( 她和我是两个独立的人。)
2)in the front of 表示在某物内部的前部。如,
The driver sits in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前部。(司机在汽车内部。)
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室的前部有一块黑板。(黑板在教室内部。)
【典例】There are many old trees _________the teaching building.
A. in the front of B. in the middle of C. at the back of D. in front of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:教学楼前面有许多老树。
A. in the front of 表示在物体内部的前部;B. in the middle of 表示在……中间;C. at the back of 表示在物体内部的后部;D. in front of 表示在物体外部的前面。树木在教学楼室外前方,故选D。
【即练】
A: Where is the student center?
B:_________________________________
9.Is there a whiteboard in your classroom? 你们教室里有一块白板吗?
—Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. 是的,有。/不,没有。
4.— Are there any lockers? 有储物柜吗?
—Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. —— 是的,有。/不,没有。
5.There is a teachers' building across from the school hall. 学校礼堂对面有一栋教师办公楼。
.There are some trees in front of the sports field. 运动场前面有一些树。
【详解】There be 结构
There be 结构表示“某地有某物/某人”或“存在某物/某人”,其中 there 无实际意义,仅作形式主语,真正的主语是 be 动词后的名词。
一、基本结构
1. 肯定句:There + be 动词(is/are)+ 主语(名词/代词)+ 地点/时间状语。
如,There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
There are three apples in the bowl.(碗里有三个苹果。)
2. 否定句:在 be 动词后加 not。如,
There isn't a park near here.(这附近没有公园。)
There aren’t any students in the classroom now.(现在教室里没有学生。)
3. 一般疑问句:将 be 动词提到 there 前,回答用“Yes, there is/are.”或“No, there isn't/aren't.”。如,
—Is there a bank on this street?(这条街上有银行吗?)
—Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.(是的,有。/ 不,没有。)
二、主谓一致原则:be 动词的形式由后面最近的主语决定(即“就近原则”)。
如,There is a pen and two books in the bag.(包里有一支笔和两本书。)—— 近主语“a pen”为单数,用 is。
三、 与 have/has 的区别:
1.There be 表“存在”,强调某地有某物,无所属关系;
2. have/has 表“拥有”,强调某人/某物属于谁。
如,There are many flowers in the garden. 花园里有很多花。(表示存在)
She has many flowers. 她有很多花。(表示拥有)
【典例1】—How many players ______ in a football team?
—Eleven.
A. there are B. are there C. they are D. are they
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—一个足球队有多少名队员?—十一名。
本题考查there be句型的特殊疑问句语序。特殊疑问句中,be动词需提前,使用“疑问词+be动词+there”的结构。A为陈述语序,C、D的主语they不符合“某地/某范围内有某物”的there be语境,故排除。因此选B。
【典例2】There ______ a lot of orange juice in the bottle.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
【答案】C
【详解】这道题考查there be句型的主谓一致。
there be 句型表示“某地有某物”,不能与 have/has (表示“拥有”)混用,所以先排除A、B选项。
主语 a lot of orange juice 是不可数名词,be动词要用 is 。
【即练1】There ______ some bread and two eggs on the table.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【即练2】—Are there any lockers in your classroom?
—______ But there are desk drawers.
A. Yes, there is. B. No, there aren't. C. No, there isn't. D. Yes, there are.
一、根据汉语提示,音标或首字母完成单词。
1.I sit in the f_________ row so I can see the blackboard clearly.
2.The playground is in the _________ /ˈsentə(r)/ of the school.
3.We play football on the_________(场地) every Friday.
4 Our teachers prepare lessons in the ________(办公室).
5.We have a _________(特殊的) party on Children's Day.
6.My deskmate is a _________ /smɑːt/ boy good at math.
7.There is a new _________/ˈnəʊtɪs/ on the school board.
8.There is a cute cat at the street________(街角 ).
9. Our new school building is very _________(现代的).
10.We e__________ in the playground every morning.
二、 用所给单词适当形式填空。
1.Our teaching________( build) has four floors.
2.It's ___________(importance) to listen carefully in class.
3.We see an _________(amaze) animal in the zoo.
4.My schoolbag is red, and _________(your) is blue.
5.Reading is a good way ________( relax).
6.I often read books in the ________(read) corner after class.
7.How about _________(go) to the library after school?
8.There ______ (be)more clean water in the mountains because of less pollution.
9. There ______(be) a book and three pens in the pencil-box.
10. My father ________(do) exercise every day.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 上课时我坐在莉莉和汤姆中间。
I sit _________ Lily _________Tom in class.
2.谢谢你的帮忙。_______ _______your help.
3. 她的爱好和我的爱好相仿。
Her hobby is________ _______ mine.
4. 窗户和门之间有两张书桌。______ ______ two desks between the window and the door.
5.图书馆紧挨着教学楼。The library is ______ _______ the teaching building.
四、阅读还原。
阅读短文,从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,使短文通顺、连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。
My name is Sahil. 1.________
Our school is very great with over 2,000 students and 100 teachers. 2._______ Also, there is a beautiful library, a large dining hall and a modern gym in it.
There are lots of after-school activities in our school. 3________, and we can also have fun in the English corner. I play ping-pong with my friends in the gym on Mondays. 4.__________.
We have a great head teacher, Ms Mehta. She tries her best to make our school better. 5.________ And she often talks to us to know about what we need. We all feel lucky (幸运的) to have Ms Mehta as our head teacher.
A. I am in R. N. Poddar School
B. She helps teachers get better at teaching
C. The English corner is in front of the gym
D. We can play many different kinds of sports
E. And I go to the English corner on Thursdays
F. It has four classroom buildings and one teachers’ building
五、单项选择
1.The _________on my desk wakes me up every morning.
A. book B. dog C. ruler D. clock
2. My classroom is very ________ , but my sister’s is very small.
A. new B. old C. cheap D. large
3.There are many nice pictures _______ the wall.
A. In B. on C. under D. behind
4.We ________ seats every month in class.
A. change B.have C. choose D. buy
5.The food in the dining hall is _________. I like it very much.
A.large B. new C. delicious D. beautiful
6.My mom __________ me to school every morning.
A. spends B. answers C. writes D. sends
7.The song ________ very nice.
A.sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes
8.There ______ only a little milk and several eggs in the fridge. Let's get some.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
9.There ______ an class meeting every Monday.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
10.—What's in the fridge?
—There ______ some bread, a glass of orange juice and some eggs in it.
A. have B. is C. are D. has
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第04讲 Unit 3 My School
(知识全梳理&考点精准练)
内容导航
01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向:预习导航精准定向
02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知:情境概念深度构
考点精讲:聚焦常考要点,讲清逻辑
例题精析:典型题目带路,学会解题思路
即练固基:趁热打铁练一练,巩固刚学内容
03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实:过关检测分层提
关键词
学习目标导航
学习目标
1. 能够谈论学校内的不同场所及其位置。
2. 使用there be结构准确描述学校环境。
3. 掌握位置介词来描述物体的具体位置。
4. 介绍自己的学校,包括喜欢的场所和原因。
5. 提高对元音发音的识别和重读音节的准确性。。
学习重点
1. 学习和实践与学校场所相关的词汇。
2. 使用there be结构描述存在和位置。
3. 掌握位置介词,如in, on, under等,描述具体位置。
学习难点
正确使用there be结构描述复杂的场景布局。
1.我们在那里张贴重要通知。We put up important notices there.
【详解】1. put up张贴(告示、海报、通知)举起;搭建
We put up important notices on the school wall.
2. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 重要的,
importance(名词):重要性,常搭配 the importance of...
It is important to finish your homework on time.
按时完成作业很重要。
Our teacher tells us the importance of reading every day.
老师告诉我们每日阅读的重要性。
【典例】—Can you help me________ the picture on the wall?
—Yes, sure.
A. Put away B. put down C. put up D. put on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—你能帮我把这幅画______在墙上吗?—当然可以。
A. put away 意为“收起;放好”B. put down 意为“放下;写下”C. put up 意为“张贴;挂起;搭建”D. put on 意为“穿上;上演”。 结合“on the wall(在墙上)”的语境,“张贴/挂起”符合题意。故选C
【即练】We know the_________( important) of doing exercise.
【答案】 importance
【详解】句意:我们知道做运动的______。
定冠词 the 后需接名词,形容词 important 的名词形式是 importance ,意为“重要性”。故填importance
2. The student center is between the library and the gym.学生活动中心在图书馆和体育馆中间。
【详解】between /bɪˈtwiːn/,在两者中间,只用于两个人、两个物体、两个地点之间。
固定搭配 between A and B:在A和B(两者)之间。
【典例】There is a small village _________ the two mountains.
A. between B. during C. among D. over
【答案】A
【详解】句意:两座山之间有一个小村庄。
A. between 意为“在……(两者)之间”;B. during 意为“在……期间”;C. among 意为“在……(三者及以上)之间”;D. over 意为“在……正上方”。结合“the two mountains(两座山)”的语境,“在两者之间”符合题意。故选A
【即练】书桌摆在床和衣柜中间。The desk is _______ the bed ________ the wardrobe.
【答案】between; and
【详解】句意:书桌摆在床和衣柜中间。“在……和……中间”的固定搭配为between...and...,故填between; and
3. —What's Peter's classroom like? 彼得的教室是什么样子的?
—It's very big.它非常宽敞。
【详解】What's + 某物 + like? 某物是什么样子的?
like 是介词,意为“像……”,不能译作“喜欢”; 表“喜欢”要用:What does sb.like?
—What's the gym like?体育馆是什么样子?
—It's large and bright.它又大又明亮。
—What does Peter like?彼得喜欢什么?
—He likes reading 他喜欢读书
【典例】—What's the library like?
—___________
A.It's in front of the student center Street. B.It likes flowers.
C. It's quiet and clean. D.There isn't anything.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—图书馆是什么样的?—________。
A. It's in front of the student center Street.(它在学生中心街前面。)描述位置;
B. It likes flowers.(它喜欢花。)语义错误;
C. It's quiet and clean.(它又安静又干净。)描述事物特征;
D. There isn't anything.(什么都没有。)语义不通。
“What's...like?”用于询问事物的特征/样子,回答应描述其特点,故选C。
【即练】 —__________
—It's small but warm.
A. What's your room like? B.What does your room like?
C.Is there a desk in your room? D.Where is your room?
【答案】A
【详解】答句“It's small but warm.”(它小但很温馨。)描述的是事物特征,对应问句应为“What's...like?”。
A. What's your room like?(你的房间是什么样的?)符合语境;
B. What does your room like?(你的房间喜欢什么?)语义错误;
C. Is there a desk in your room?(你房间里有桌子吗?)需用Yes/No回答;
D. Where is your room?(你的房间在哪里?)需回答位置。
故选A。
4. Thanks for your email.谢谢你发来的邮件。
【详解】Thanks for + 名词/动名词因……而感谢你,等同于 Thank you for...
for 是介词,后面只能接名词、代词或者动词-ing形式。
Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮忙。
【典例】 Thanks for _________(tell) me the news.
【答案】telling
【详解】句意:谢谢你告诉我这个消息。
介词for后接动名词形式,动词tell的动名词形式为telling。故填telling。
【即练】谢谢你发来的精美照片。______ _______ your nice photos.
【答案】Thanks for
【详解】句意:谢谢你发来的精美照片。
“为……而感谢”的固定表达为Thanks for,后接名词/代词/动名词。故填Thanks for。
5. Every Monday, we raise the flag there.每周一,我们在那里升旗。
【详解】 raise /reɪz/(动词,及物动词,后面必须接宾语)1) 举起;抬起;升起(人为主动向上搬动、抬起某物)2)筹集;养育;提出
辨析:
raise:人为主动举起、升起,及物动词,必须加宾语
He raises his box onto the desk.
他把箱子抬到桌子上。
rise:自然上升、自行升起(太阳、水位、物价),不及物动词,不加宾语
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
raise the flag升旗;升国旗
They raise the red flag on the top of the building.他们在楼顶升起红旗。
【典例】Please _________ your hand if you have questions.
A. rise B. put C. raise D. take
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如果你有问题,请______你的手。
A. rise 意为“升起;上升”,是不及物动词,不能直接接宾语;
B. put 意为“放;放置”,put your hand 无“举手”含义;
C. raise 意为“举起;抬起”,是及物动词,可直接接宾语,raise your hand 表示“举手”,符合题意;
D. take 意为“拿;取”,take your hand 语义不通。
故选C。
【即练】同学们为贫困孩子筹款。Students _______ ______ for poor kids.
【答案】raise money
【详解】句意:同学们为贫困孩子筹款。“筹款”的固定搭配为raise money,符合语境。故填raise money。
6. It's a special way to start the week.这是开启一周新生活的一种特别方式。
【详解】a way to do sth.“做某事的方法/方式”。
Reading is a good way to relax.阅读是一种放松的好方式。
【典例】 It's a nice way _______(say) goodbye.
【答案】to say
【详解】句意:这是一种很好的告别方式。
“a way to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“做某事的方式”,此处需用动词不定式作后置定语修饰way,故填to say。
【即练】Doing sports is a great way _______( keep) healthy.
【答案】to keep
【详解】句意:运动是保持健康的好方法。
“a way to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“做某事的方式”,此处需用动词不定式作后置定语修饰way,故填to keep。
7.How is Peter's school similar to yours?彼得的学校和你的学校有哪些相似之处?
【详解】be similar to与……相似;和……相像 to 是介词,后接名词/代词/名词短语,不能接动词原形
My bag is similar to Lily's.我的书包和莉莉的书包很像。
【典例】This book is similar ________ that one.
A. of B. as C. with D. to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这本书和那本书很像。
“be similar to”是固定搭配,意为“与……相似/相像”,介词需用to。故选D。
【即练】我们的教室和他们的教室差不多。Our classroom is _______ ______ theirs.
【答案】similar to
【详解】句意:我们的教室和他们的教室差不多。
“与……相似/差不多”用固定搭配be similar to,故填similar to。
8.—Where is the library? —— 图书馆在哪里?
—It is behind the classroom building. 它在教学楼后面。
【详解】1.表达某物/某人在某地常见句型:
1)主语 + be + 方位词(某物/某人在某地)
My classroom is next to the office. 我的教室紧挨着办公室。
2)There is + 单数名词/不可数名词 + 方位词 + 地点.(在某地有某人某物)
There is a gym across from the library.图书馆对面有一个体育馆。
2.方位介词小结:
1) on 在……上面(表面接触) 2) in 在……里面 3)under 在……正下方
4)near 在……附近 5) behind 在……后面
6) in front of 在……(外部)前面 7)between 在两者之间(搭配:between A and B)
8) next to 紧挨着、在……旁边 9) across from 在……对面
10) at the back of 在……(内部)后部 11) in the middle of 在……中间
辨析in front of;in the front of
1)in front of 表示在某物外部的前面。如,
There is a big tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵大树。(树在房子外面。)
She is standing in front of me. 她站在我前面。( 她和我是两个独立的人。)
2)in the front of 表示在某物内部的前部。如,
The driver sits in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前部。(司机在汽车内部。)
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室的前部有一块黑板。(黑板在教室内部。)
【典例】There are many old trees _________the teaching building.
A. in the front of B. in the middle of C. at the back of D. in front of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:教学楼前面有许多老树。
A. in the front of 表示在物体内部的前部;B. in the middle of 表示在……中间;C. at the back of 表示在物体内部的后部;D. in front of 表示在物体外部的前面。树木在教学楼室外前方,故选D。
【即练】
A: Where is the student center?
B:_________________________________
【答案】It's between the library and the gym
【详解】句意:A:学生中心在哪里?B:它在图书馆和体育馆之间。
“between ... and ...”是固定搭配,意为“在……和……(两者)之间”,从图中可以看到学生中心位于图书馆(Library)和体育馆(Gym)中间,所以用这个短语来表达位置关系。
9.Is there a whiteboard in your classroom? 你们教室里有一块白板吗?
—Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. 是的,有。/不,没有。
4.— Are there any lockers? 有储物柜吗?
—Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. —— 是的,有。/不,没有。
5.There is a teachers' building across from the school hall. 学校礼堂对面有一栋教师办公楼。
.There are some trees in front of the sports field. 运动场前面有一些树。
【详解】There be 结构
There be 结构表示“某地有某物/某人”或“存在某物/某人”,其中 there 无实际意义,仅作形式主语,真正的主语是 be 动词后的名词。
一、基本结构
1. 肯定句:There + be 动词(is/are)+ 主语(名词/代词)+ 地点/时间状语。
如,There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
There are three apples in the bowl.(碗里有三个苹果。)
2. 否定句:在 be 动词后加 not。如,
There isn't a park near here.(这附近没有公园。)
There aren’t any students in the classroom now.(现在教室里没有学生。)
3. 一般疑问句:将 be 动词提到 there 前,回答用“Yes, there is/are.”或“No, there isn't/aren't.”。如,
—Is there a bank on this street?(这条街上有银行吗?)
—Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.(是的,有。/ 不,没有。)
二、主谓一致原则:be 动词的形式由后面最近的主语决定(即“就近原则”)。
如,There is a pen and two books in the bag.(包里有一支笔和两本书。)—— 近主语“a pen”为单数,用 is。
三、 与 have/has 的区别:
1.There be 表“存在”,强调某地有某物,无所属关系;
2. have/has 表“拥有”,强调某人/某物属于谁。
如,There are many flowers in the garden. 花园里有很多花。(表示存在)
She has many flowers. 她有很多花。(表示拥有)
【典例1】—How many players ______ in a football team?
—Eleven.
A. there are B. are there C. they are D. are they
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—一个足球队有多少名队员?—十一名。
本题考查there be句型的特殊疑问句语序。特殊疑问句中,be动词需提前,使用“疑问词+be动词+there”的结构。A为陈述语序,C、D的主语they不符合“某地/某范围内有某物”的there be语境,故排除。因此选B。
【典例2】There ______ a lot of orange juice in the bottle.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
【答案】C
【详解】这道题考查there be句型的主谓一致。
there be 句型表示“某地有某物”,不能与 have/has (表示“拥有”)混用,所以先排除A、B选项。
主语 a lot of orange juice 是不可数名词,be动词要用 is 。
【即练1】There ______ some bread and two eggs on the table.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【答案】A
【详解】这道题考查there be句型的就近原则。
当 there be 句型有多个主语时,be动词的形式由离它最近的主语决定。
离be动词最近的主语是 some bread (面包,不可数名词),所以be动词用 is ,同时 there be 不能与 have/has 混用,排除B、C、D选项。
【即练2】—Are there any lockers in your classroom?
—______ But there are desk drawers.
A. Yes, there is. B. No, there aren't. C. No, there isn't. D. Yes, there are.
【答案】B
【详解】这道题考查 there be 句型的一般疑问句回答。
问句 Are there...? 的回答格式为:肯定: Yes, there are. 否定: No, there aren't.
根据答句后一句 But there are desk drawers. (但是有课桌抽屉),可以判断这里是否定回答,所以选B。
一、根据汉语提示,音标或首字母完成单词。
1.I sit in the f_________ row so I can see the blackboard clearly.
【答案】front
【详解】句意:我坐在前排,所以能清楚地看见黑板。结合首字母及语境,in the front row 表示“前排”,故填front。
2.The playground is in the _________ /ˈsentə(r)/ of the school.
【答案】center
【详解】句意:操场在学校的中心。根据音标/ˈsentə(r)/可知单词为center,in the center of 意为“在……中心”,故填center。
3.We play football on the_________(场地) every Friday.
【答案】field
【详解】句意:我们每周五都在场地上踢足球。根据汉语提示“场地”,运动场地常用field,故填field。
4.Our teachers prepare lessons in the ________(办公室).
【答案】office
【详解】句意:老师们在办公室备课。根据汉语提示“办公室”,对应单词为office,故填office。
5.We have a _________(特殊的) party on Children's Day.
【答案】special
【详解】句意:我们在儿童节举办一场特别的派对。根据汉语提示“特殊的”对应单词为special,故填special
6.My deskmate is a _________ /smɑːt/ boy good at math.
【答案】smart
【详解】句意:我的同桌是一个擅长数学的聪明男孩。根据音标/smɑːt/可知单词为smart,意为“聪明的”,故填smart。
7.There is a new_________ /ˈnəʊtɪs/ on the school board.
【答案】notice
【详解】句意:学校布告栏上有一则新通知。根据音标/ˈnəʊtɪs/可知单词为notice意为“通知”,故填notice。
8.There is a cute cat at the street_________(街角 ).
【答案】corner
【详解】句意:街角有一只可爱的小猫。根据汉语提示“街角”,street corner 为固定搭配,故填corner。
9. Our new school building is very ________(现代的).
【答案】modern
【详解】句意:我们的新教学楼十分现代化。根据汉语提示“现代的”,对应单词为modern,故填modern。
10.We e________ in the playground every morning.
【答案】exercise
【详解】句意:我们每天早上在操场上锻炼。结合首字母及语境,exercise 表示“锻炼”,主语为we,动词用原形,故填exercise。
二、 用所给单词适当形式填空。
1.Our teaching________( build) has four floors.
【答案】building
【详解】句意:我们的教学楼有四层。teaching building为固定短语,意为“教学楼”,故填building。
2.It's ___________(importance) to listen carefully in class.
【答案】important
【详解】句意:上课认真听讲很重要。固定句型It's + 形容词 + to do sth.,需将名词importance变为形容词important,故填important。
3.We see an _________(amaze) animal in the zoo.
【答案】amazing
【详解】句意:我们在动物园里看到了一只奇特的动物。此处修饰名词animal,用形容词amazing,意为“令人惊奇的”,故填amazing。
4.My schoolbag is red, and _________(your) is blue.
【答案】yours
【详解】句意:我的书包是红色的,你的是蓝色的。此处指代your schoolbag,应用名词性物主代词yours,故填yours。
5.Reading is a good way ________( relax).
【答案】to relax
【详解】句意:阅读是一种放松的好方式。固定搭配a way to do sth.,意为“做某事的方法”,故填to relax。
6.I often read books in the ________(read) corner after class.
【答案】reading
【详解】句意:课后我常在阅览角看书。reading corner为固定搭配,意为“阅览角”,故填reading。
7.How about _________(go) to the library after school?
【答案】going
【详解】句意:放学后去图书馆怎么样?How about后接动名词形式,故填going。
8.There ______ (be)more clean water in the mountains because of less pollution.
【答案】is
【详解】句意:由于污染减少,山里有更多洁净的水。water为不可数名词,be动词用is,故填is。
9.There ______(be) a book and three pens in the pencil-box.
【答案】is
【详解】句意:铅笔盒里有一本书和三支钢笔。there be句型遵循就近原则,离be动词最近的a book为单数,故填is。
10. My father ________(do) exercise every day.
【答案】does
【详解】句意:我爸爸每天锻炼身体。主语My father是第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式does,故填does。
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.上课时我坐在莉莉和汤姆中间。I sit _____ Lily _______Tom in class.
【答案】between;and
【详解】句意:上课时我坐在莉莉和汤姆中间。between...and...为固定搭配,表示“在……和……两者之间”,故填between;and。
2.谢谢你的帮忙。______ ______ your help.
【答案】Thanks;for
【详解】句意:谢谢你的帮忙。Thanks for sth.是固定用法,意为“因某事感谢”,故填Thanks;for。
3.她的爱好和我的爱好相仿。Her hobby is _______ _______mine.
【答案】similar;to
【详解】句意:她的爱好和我的爱好相仿。be similar to为固定搭配,意为“与……相似”,故填similar;to。
4.窗户和门之间有两张书桌。 ______ _______ two desks between the window and the door.
【答案】There;are
【详解】句意:窗户和门之间有两张书桌。本题考查there be句型,主语two desks是复数,be动词用are,故填There;are。
5.图书馆紧挨着教学楼。The library is ______ _______ the teaching building.
【答案】next;to
【详解】句意:图书馆紧挨着教学楼。next to为固定短语,意为“紧挨着、靠近”,故填next;to。
四、阅读还原。
阅读短文,从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,使短文通顺、连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。
My name is Sahil. 1.________
Our school is very great with over 2,000 students and 100 teachers. 2._______ Also, there is a beautiful library, a large dining hall and a modern gym in it.
There are lots of after-school activities in our school. 3________, and we can also have fun in the English corner. I play ping-pong with my friends in the gym on Mondays. 4.__________.
We have a great head teacher, Ms Mehta. She tries her best to make our school better. 5.________ And she often talks to us to know about what we need. We all feel lucky (幸运的) to have Ms Mehta as our head teacher.
A. I am in R. N. Poddar School
B. She helps teachers get better at teaching
C. The English corner is in front of the gym
D. We can play many different kinds of sports
E. And I go to the English corner on Thursdays
F. It has four classroom buildings and one teachers’ building.
【答案】1. A 2. F 3. D 4. E 5. B
【详解】
【导语】本文介绍了作者的学校、校园设施与课外活动,还讲述了尽责又贴心的校长,表达了喜爱之情。
1. 前文介绍姓名,A项介绍自己所在的学校,语句衔接自然。
2. 前文介绍学校规模,后文介绍图书馆、食堂等设施,F项介绍校内教学楼与办公楼,承接上下文。
3. 前句提到学校有许多课外活动,后文提及英语角,D项讲述可以进行各类体育运动,属于课外活动,逻辑通顺。
4. 前文介绍周一的活动,E项接着说明周四的活动,按照时间顺序展开,前后连贯。
5. 前文讲述校长尽力改善学校,B项补充她帮助老师们提升教学水平,与后文内容一同介绍校长的付出。
五、单项选择
1.The _________on my desk wakes me up every morning.
A. book B. dog C. ruler D. clock
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我桌上的时钟每天早上叫醒我。clock意为时钟,符合句意,故选D。
2. My classroom is very ________ , but my sister’s is very small.
A. new B. old C. cheap D. large
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我的教室很大,但我妹妹的教室很小。large与small互为反义词,故选D。
3.There are many nice pictures _______ the wall.
A. In B. on C. under D. behind
【答案】B
【详解】句意:墙上有许多好看的图画。on the wall是固定搭配,意为在墙上,故选B。
4.We ________ seats every month in class.
A. change B.have C. choose D. buy
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们在班里每月调换座位。change seats意为调换座位,故选A。
5.The food in the dining hall is _________. I like it very much.
A.large B. new C. delicious D. beautiful
【答案】C
【详解】句意:食堂的食物很美味,我非常喜欢。delicious意为美味的,用来形容食物,故选C。
6.My mom __________ me to school every morning.
A. spends B. answers C. writes D. sends
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我妈妈每天早上送我去上学。send sb. to school意为送某人上学,故选D。
7.The song ________ very nice.
A.sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这首歌听起来很不错。sound意为听起来,用来修饰歌曲,故选A。
8.There ______ only a little milk and several eggs in the fridge. Let's get some.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
【答案】A
【详解】句意:冰箱里只有一点牛奶和几个鸡蛋了,我们去买点吧。there be句型遵循就近原则,milk为不可数名词,be动词用is,且there be不能与have/has连用,故选A。
9.There ______ an class meeting every Monday.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
【答案】A
【详解】句意:每周一都有一场班会。there be不能与have/has连用,主语an class meeting为单数,be动词用is,故选A。
10.—What's in the fridge?
—There ______ some bread, a glass of orange juice and some eggs in it.
A. have B. is C. are D. has
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——冰箱里有什么?——里面有一些面包、一杯橙汁和一些鸡蛋。there be句型遵循就近原则,bread为不可数名词,be动词用is,there be不与have/has混用,故选B。
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