专题10 任务型阅读（期末真题汇编，江苏专用）八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为八年级下期末任务型阅读专题汇编，精选江苏多地期末真题，涵盖志愿服务、环境保护、科技文化等真实情境，注重语言能力与跨文化素养的综合考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |任务型阅读（填空/简答/表格）|约105题（约150分）|细节信息提取、推理判断、文化理解|真实情境（如北斗系统、敦煌VR技术）；分层设问（基础填空到开放简答）；素养导向（如环保实践建议、文化传承分析）|

专题10 任务型阅读 主题01 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末)Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. •You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to the community makes you feel like you have more of it and it inspires you to make the most of each day. •You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. For adults, volunteering can be very helpful for physical health. Washington University found that adults who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall better health than other age groups. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. •You can meet a better self if you volunteer during teenage years. Volunteering during teenage years has been linked with some major positive effects such as better grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just for a short time but have been proved to affect a teen’s life in the years to come. •You’ll enjoy more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. Family volunteering Introduction Volunteering as a family brings family members together and has a positive (积极的) effect on the whole family. Benefits Volunteering seems to let people have more time.Volunteering encourages people to make 1 use of the day. Volunteering 2 people’s memory and health. Volunteers are more likely to pay more attention to doing sports and taking care of themselves. Volunteering helps teenagers study better and become more 3 in themselves for a lifetime. Volunteering makes all the family members discover what they’re good at and experience working toward a 4 goal. Your idea Think of a volunteering activity in Nanjing for your family. 5 Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏扬州江都区·期末)阅读短文，回答下面5个问题。（Answer the questions in no more than eight words) I often read about children living in the mountains of China. They don’t have enough learning resources, especially for English. I believe English is not just a language—it also gives people the chance to see the world differently. So I started thinking about what I could do for these children. Then, I came up with an idea: to make special English learning material! More than 10 classmates joined me, and we started a club called “Out of Mountains”. Our English materials have three parts: listening, reading and writing. We decided to publish them every month and send them to children by email. We also built a website so children could get information more easily. Each of us worked on one part, such as writing content, designing layouts, making illustrations and developing the website. To make the learning process more fun, we chose interesting topics for kids, like holidays. The hardest part was finding the children. I contacted schools in Liangshan, Sichuan. I also reached out to children through some WeChat official accounts. I felt nervous talking to them and was afraid of being turned down, but I did my best to share our ideas. In the end, we got the readers we had hoped for. Every time a parent emailed us saying, “my child really liked the story”, it gave us the strength to keep going. I hope our small acts can help give these kids a better future. 1．Why did “I” make the special English learning materials for children in mountain areas? 2．What are the three parts in the learning materials? 3．How can children get the materials? 4．What did “I” think was the hardest part? 5．What do you think of “me”? And why? Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏无锡锡山区·期末)先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。所答内容必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。 In Kibaha, near the capital Dares Salaam, architects (建筑师) built a new village called Hope Village with “earth printing”. The project was finished in February, 2025. Helped by charity One Heart, Hope Village is designed by Hassell and Clarke Hopkins Clarke (CHC) to help children from across the country who have unsafe home environments. The village has offered schooling for up to 480 children, as well as childcare and skills training for girls between 3~18 years old. In the center of Hope Village is its landmark building—a community center. It is a 3D-printed design, and it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week and open to the public for events at weekends. The walls are 3D printed with earth so they can be 100% recycled. “We wanted to make sure that we’re able to build walls that could circulate (循环) air in the building, but also bring in light at the same time, and turning to 3D printing allowed for an open, ‘porous’ (多孔的) wall design.” said Mark, the lead designer from CHC． The project is not just to use design to help local people improve their daily life but to bring hope and education in Kibaha and leave it there. 根据短文内容回答问题 (每小题答案不超过6个单词)。 1．When was Hope Village finished? 2．Who helped the building of Hope Village? 3．What is Hope Village used as during the week? 4．Why did the designers choose 3D printing with earth? 5．What do you think of “Hope Village”? 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京金陵中学河西分校·期末)阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Sometimes, separating waste can take a lot of time. To properly recycle a plastic bottle, for example, we should pour out anything in the bottle and flatten (压平) the bottle before putting the cap back on and throwing it in the recycling bin. But that’s nothing compared to (与……相比) the recycling efforts of people in Kamikatsu, a village in southwestern Japan. The 1,500 villagers there are on a path to a zero-waste life. The Zero Waste Centre is Kamikatsu’s recycling facility (场所). There, the villagers separate their waste into 45 groups—there are nine groups for paper products alone. They clean and dry dirty items to make them ready for recycling. The village runs a reward system (奖励制度). People can collect recycling points in exchange for environmentally friendly products. There are signs that show what new items will be made from the recyclables. The village often reports how much money it has saved by working with recycling companies rather than burning all the waste. Next to the Zero Waste Centre is a special shop. There villagers can drop off items they don’t want any more, and others can take them home. This past January alone, about 450 kilograms of items were re-homed. The number is shown in the shop. In 2020, Hotel Why opened its door to the public. It is built in the shape of a question mark as if it was asking, “Why do we create so much waste?” At check-in, guests cut bars of soap to get just the amount of what they need for their stay. Each of them is given six bins to separate their waste. We can learn from the villagers of Kamikatsu. Many of their practices can be introduced into large cities to make our world a green place. 1．Why do the villagers in Kamikatsu recycle waste? 2．How many groups do they separate paper products into? 3．How do they encourage the villagers to recycle waste? 4．Where do the villagers put their items they don’t want? 5．Do you think it necessary to recycle waste? Why or why not? (本题字数不限) Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏泰州海陵区·期末)阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填1个单词。 The Taklimakan Desert (塔克拉玛干沙漠) is the biggest desert in China. It is about 337,000 square kilometers. That’s as big as three Zhejiang provinces. The sand here is light and soft. When strong winds blow, the sand flies, and the desert moves! It moves forward every year. The desert can cover roads, farms and even people’s homes. But now, we are working hard to stop it. In 2024, China finished a 3,046-kilometer green belt (带) around the Taklimakan Desert. How do we stop the sand? Straw squares We stick straws (插稻草) into the sand to make big squares. These squares help keep the sand in place. Trees and flower seeds can grow safely inside. Sand barrier (沙障) We build 1-meter-tall walls with straws and wires (铁丝). These walls are like silent guardians (卫士) standing in the desert. When the strong desert winds blow, hitting these walls, their speed gets reduced bit by bit. The wind slows down, so it can’t carry and spread the sand as heavily as before. In this way, they play a key role in preventing sand from moving. Deep roots Trees and flowers grow roots deep into the ground as if they decide to hold the earth hard. As they grow deeper and thicker, they grow together, forming a strong underground system. Little by little, the roots hold the sand even harder, silently working to keep the land in place. Energy from the sun In the Taklimakan Desert, where sunshine is rich, we make good use of this natural treasure. We turn energy into power. Then, machines can take water from underground to water plants, helping them survive in this dry land. In this way, energy from the sun gives life to plants and brings hope to the desert. Through hard work, the Taklimakan Desert is not as “terrible” as before. Stopping the desert from becoming larger will take a long period of time. But as long as we keep working hard and never give up, we can make more parts of the desert turn green. Let’s take action to make our country more beautiful. Facts It’s China’s largest desert. Sand moves with 1 winds. 2 It moves forward and covers roads, farms and homes. Ways Straw Squares Stick straws to form squares, 3 sand in place for plant growth. Sand barrier Build 1-metre walls with straws/ wires to 4 wind speed. Deep roots Grow deep and 5 , forming strong underground nets. Energy from the sun Turn sunlight into power to 6 underground water for plants. Achievements and hopes ◆In 2024, a 3,046-km green belt was 7 around the desert. ◆Desert is 8 “terrible” now. ◆Stopping spread of desert takes a long time, but can 9 the conditions of some parts. ◆ 10 to make China more beautiful. Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏镇江丹阳市·期末)根据短文内容在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词，每空一词。 In recent years, China has tried its best to protect the environment and achieved great results. These achievements include many areas. Let’s take a closer look at some of these successes. Leading in Renewable Energy China is now the world’s largest producer of solar and wind energy. By building huge solar farms and wind turbines (涡轮机), the country offers clean power to millions of homes. For example, in 2022, China’s solar power production reached over 390 million kilowatts (千瓦), becoming the top in the world. This helps cut coal use and air pollution. Greener Lands and Forests China has planted billions of trees to keep soil in place and fight against desertification (沙漠化). The Great Green Wall project, set up in 1978, has built forests covering over 46 million hectares—an area larger than Germany! The government has also returned over 28 million hectares of farmland to forests or grasslands since 1999, which is good for biodiversity (生物多样性) protection. Clearer Skies in Cities Air pollution used to be a serious problem in cities like Beijing. However, some laws have made air quality better. Beijing’s average PM2.5 level dropped by about 63% between 2013 and 2021. Many cities now have more blue sky days than before. Promoting Green Transport In 2023, over 60% of the world’s electric vehicles (EVs) (电动汽车) were made in China. China leads the world in EV production and sales. Cities like Shenzhen have already used electric buses and taxis completely instead of oil ones, lowering carbon emissions (排放) and noise pollution. China’s environmental achievements show that progress is possible when people and government work together. As students, we can also make a difference by saving energy, recycling, and reusing. After all, protecting the Earth is everyone’s duty! China’s Journey to a Greener Future Introduction China has done a good job in 1 environment in recent years. Achievements Leading in Renewable Energy ◆As the largest producer of solar ang wind energy in the world, China 2 clean power for millions of home. ◆China’s huge energy production is 3 in cutting coal use and air pollution. Greener Lands and Forests ◆China 4 a project, called Great Green Wall to build a large area of forests. ◆Chinese government has also 5 farmland to forests or grasslands since 1999. Clearer Skies in Cities ◆Cities like Beijing used to 6 serious air pollution. ◆People in many cities can see blue sky days more 7 than before. Promoting Green Transport ◆China leads the world in electric vehicle production as well as 8 . ◆Shenzhen, as an example, has completely 9 using oil buses and taxis to lower pollution. Conclusion Everyone should take action to make a difference by following three Rs: 10 , reusing and recycling. 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏泰州兴化市·期末)阅读下面材料, 根据材料内容完成后面表格, 每空填一个单词。 What is Beidou? Beidou is a navigation (导航) satellite (卫星) system. It is developed by China. China is the 3rd country in the world to have its own navigation satellite system. With Beidou, China no longer has to depend on foreign systems. This is very important for national safety. The research and development of Beidou began in 1994. However, the first two Beidou satellites were not sent into space until 2000. Since then, China has launched (发射) dozens of (数十个) Beidou satellites. These satellites have formed a global network. Now, China is further improving the system. The BDS-3 system was fully completed in June, 2020, with the successful launch (发射) of the last satellite. The Beidou Navigation Satellite System will be more powerful than any other navigation satellite system in the world. Yang Changfeng is a designer of Beidou. He said the system can notice the sway (晃动) of a building in strong winds. Beidou has brought much benefit (益处) to our lives. In many cities, thousands of buses have been using Beidou. When we are waiting for a bus, we can know when it is about to come. Many smart phones have also been using Beidou. Many people say, “Let me turn on my GPS.” In fact, their phones are using Beidou. Beidou navigation satellite system 1 China 2 Beidou navigation satellite system and it is very important for the country’s 3 . China is the third country to have its own navigation satellite systems in the world. Main body Process of building Beidou The research and development of Beidou 4 in 1994. The first two Beidou satellites were sent into space 5 2000. The BDS-3 system was fully completed in June, 2020 when the last satellite was launched 6 . Characters The Beidou Navigation Satellite System will be the 7 powerful of all navigation satellite systems in the world. It is 8 to notice the sway (晃动) of a building in strong winds. Conclusion Beidou has 9 our lives a lot. Many buses and smart phones have been using Beidou 10 of GPS. Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏宿迁宿城区·期末)阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题。 AI is becoming more and more popular in our life. Not long ago, a restaurant opened in Shanghai. This restaurant is different from the ones we usually see. It’s in the Hongqiao area and covers about 130 square meters. It uses smart machines and computers to do things like cooking food and serving meals. It’s like having a robot (机器人) chef and waiter all in one place. It can serve about 300 people every day. Most of them are old people living nearby or office workers in the area. At the restaurant, people need to order food on a screen. If you can’t decide what to eat, the cooking system can give advice. The restaurant’s robots can make different kinds of Chinese dishes, like gongbao chicken and Mapo tofu. They also adjust (调整) cooking temperatures and pack food for eating in or taking away. At the self-service area, put your dishes on a smart cash desk and it will show the price of the meal. You can pay with bank cards or QR codes (二维码). The food is cheap: meat dishes are 8 yuan each while vegetable dishes cost only 3.5 yuan. “The meals cooked by robots taste as good as those cooked by humans. It is cheap and convenient (方便的) for us to eat here,” said an old man. Would you like to have a meal in such a smart restaurant? 1．Where is the AI restaurant? 2．How much is a meat dish in this restaurant? 3．Do you want to have a meal in such a smart restaurant? Why? Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏苏州高新区·期末)请认真阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题。 Since the early 1990s, scientists have used digital (数码的) technology to collect information about the Mogao Grottoes (洞穴) in Gansu Province. So far, it has shared plenty of information on the website Digital Dunhuang. Even so, humans have never stopped learning about culture with technology. Recently, Huawei has started a new way to show the Mogao Grottoes. By using virtual reality (虚拟现实) technology, it can offer visitors a 360-degree virtual tour of the Mogao Grottoes. By putting on a virtual reality headset (耳机), visitors can have a tour exactly as they are in reality and get more information. Moreover, the visitors can view paintings without standing near them or touching them, which helps protect the Mogao Grottoes. So we can keep a better balance between protection and visit. The tour brings a really new experience. When people visit the place, they not only get the real grotto but also can better enjoy the beautiful painting art through the high-tech experience. Schools are also using this technology to help students learn about history safely and interactively (交互式地). In future, Huawei will continue to develop a more colorful virtual experience for more and more visitors. 1．How long have scientists used digital technology to study the Mogao Grottoes? 2．How can virtual reality technology help protect the Mogao Grottoes? 3．How can virtual reality technology help you learn about history in school? Please give an example. (No more than 25 words) 主题04 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南通如皋市·期末)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Chopsticks (or kuaizi in Chinese) are a kind of common tableware in the world. They are widely used in Asia and overseas Chinese Community. Chopsticks are also one of the symbols of Chinese food culture. There are many stories about who may have invented them. About 3000 years ago, our ancestor called Dayu who helped people fight against floods. He was always busy and often ate in the wild. To save time, he used two branches to get the food. He found this way was more convenient than using hands. People followed him to use chopsticks to eat. In fact, the earliest chopsticks were invented more than 3,000 years ago, dating back to the Shang Dynasty. Around 500 A．D．, the use of chopsticks spread from China to some countries in Asia like Japan, Vietnam and Korea. Chopsticks are usually 7 cun and 6 fen long. Cun and fen are Chinese units of measurement. 7 cun 6 fen is about 25.3333333 cm. They are round at one end and squared at the other. In ancient times, the wealthy had their chopsticks made of silver, gold, jade or other precious materials. Nowadays, they are made from different materials. Although chopsticks are ordinary sticks, there is some Chinese philosophy (哲学) in them. The round end stands for the sky and the squared end stands for the earth. They are always used in pairs which is full of Chinese best wishes. Chinese like even numbers (偶数) because pair in Chinese is a very lucky word. So a pair of chopsticks can be used as the wedding gift. It means “to have a smart baby soon”. Meanwhile, there are some customs to use chopsticks while eating. Remember not to use chopsticks to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make a lot of noise. Never use them to point at others or to put them into rice directly. They are considered as impolite manners. Chopsticks are commonly used in Chinese daily life, but they are full of Chinese culture. 1．When were the earliest chopsticks invented? 2．What are chopsticks usually like? 3．Why do Chinese people like using chopsticks in pair? 4．What is the purpose of writing this passage? 5．What can you learn about chopsticks from this passage?（请自拟一句话作答） Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏盐城·期末)阅读并回答问题。 Narrow lanes (小巷) are very common in China. They are usually about two metres wide, or six chi in traditional Chinese units. Most of them are nothing special. But Liu Chi Xiang (Six-chi Lane) in Tongcheng, Anhui, may be the most famous one. Its story started back in the Qing Dynasty. Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued (争论) about the narrow lane between their houses. They couldn’t reach an agreement. The Zhang family were angry. Their relative, Zhang Ying, was a Daxueshi who held great power in the government. They wrote him a letter to ask for advice. When his reply came, they opened it to find a poem inside. A letter from far away just for a wall. Is not right or good at all. Three chi to your neighbour as a gift Is nothing as time continues to drift. After reading it, the Zhang family felt ashamed. They stepped back three chi for their neighbour. This act deeply moved the Wu family. In return, they gave up another three chi. And so came the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses. Hundreds of years has passed since then, and the lane is still there. The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind. Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．What did the two families argue about in the story? 2．Why did the Zhangs write a letter to Zhang Ying? 3．What was the “gift” in the poem? 4．What did the Wu family do in the end? 5．What will people remember when they walk down Six-chi Lane? Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京秦淮七校·期末)阅读短文并回答问题。（注意：每题答案不超过6个词） Many Westerners think that everyone in China knows how to do kung fu. This is, of course, a silly belief. But it is true that kung fu is a big part of Chinese culture. Like most people from the West, I was first introduced to kung fu through Hong Kong action films. Some Chinese kung fu stars like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan made kung fu popular in the Western world. The cool and impressive performances they gave in films like Rumble In The Bronx and Enter The Dragon made them household names in the US and elsewhere. However, my own personal interest in kung fu was actually encouraged by a hip-hop group. Wu-Tang Clan, founded in the early 1990s in New York City, is one of the most famous hip-hop groups in history. In their songs, they sometimes mention philosophical concepts (哲学理念) that come from wudang quan—the style of Chinese martial arts from which they take their name—and the Shaolin Monastery. I was just a teenager when I first started listening to Wu-Tang Clan—little did I know that I would actually end up living in China later in my life! I myself do not practice kung fu. However, the concepts behind it are quite interesting to me. There is a Bruce Lee quote that I often think of when I’m struggling with challenges in life. “Be formless, shapeless, like water,” he once said. By this, he meant that you should be ready to change your attitudes (态度) or beliefs (信念) when you face difficulties. I think this is a good way to deal with life. 1．Who made kung fu popular in the Western world? 2．What was the writer’s personal interest in kung fu encouraged by? 3．When did the writer first start listening to Wu-Tang Clan? 4．How does the writer face difficulties? 5．What do you think of kung fu after reading this passage? 主题01 人与自我——方法/策略 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京建邺区新城中学·期末)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格里填入最恰当的内容。 Lots of people enjoy watching sports games in the world. But first of all, you need to know about audience manners. Actually, most sporting arenas (竞技场) have rules for the audience written on the back of the tickets. Read your ticket carefully before your arrival. Try to reach your seat half an hour before the start of the event. When the games begin, try to control yourself. Don’t say bad words about the players and coaches’ performance. Be careful with your words because some of them may make others angry. Clapping is a special body language you can use to communicate with players, but you should do it properly. When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them, but don’t go on for too long. After an excellent performance, clap warmly. If someone fails, your clapping will help them feel better. Clapping is not welcome, however, while players need to keep their attention. Different sports have different rules for the audience. Enjoy artistic gymnastics in silence. But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players. When you watch table tennis games, you can’t use your flash photography. Don’t use mobile phones in shooting centers, either. To be a better audience, you should spare time to learn about the rules and the culture of each event.注意：1-8题每个空格只填1个单词：9-10题词数不限。 Topic Ways to 1 your audience manners Time Before the game * Read the rules on the back of your ticket carefully before you 2 . * Reach your seat 30 minutes before the starting time of the event. During the game * Pay attention to 3 you say, which may cause anger among other people in the audience. Clapping * Don’t clap your hands for too long when 4 the players. * Clap warmly if players perform well. * Clap your hands to 5 the players if they fail. * 6 clapping your hands when players are keeping their attention. Rules for different games Artistic gymnastics Keep quiet. Basketball and football 7 loudly. Table tennis Don’t use the flash. Shooting centers Mobile phones are not 8 in shooting centers. Conclusion An audience needs to spend time learning about rules for each event. Further thinking * Do you think audience manners are important while watching sports games? Why or why not? 9 * Please list at least one sports game you know. 10 Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京联合体·期末)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格里填入最恰当的内容。注意：1-7题每个空格只填1个单词：8-9题词数不限。 Tracking (跟踪) some 65,000 miles across 45 countries, Christopher Schacht’s international bestseller Around the World on 50 Bucks (元) was translated into English by Janet Gesme. As a translator, musician and mother of two, Janet Gesme speaks English, German, Russian, and Spanish. She fully understands Christopher’s intentions (意图) and has managed to express each idea in his voice. We recently had the chance to interview Gesme, who provided us with some fantastic insights. How does a US/English-speaking reader differ from a European/German-speaking one? The German-speaking readers are usually more patient and willing to read longer texts for a better understanding of an idea. But that is not the case with Christopher Schacht’s book. He writes quick, exciting, short stories that make you laugh and make your eyes pop out in surprise. There was no need to change the style: his writing is exactly what an English-speaking reader loves. What were the challenges or joys of translating Around the World on 50 Bucks? First, we were on a short timeline, so I needed to translate the whole book in three months. That meant a lot of late nights. The second challenge was Christopher’s sense of humour. Some of his humour is based on German culture that is very hard to translate. This leads into the joys as well. Christopher and I communicated online weekly while translating the book. We brainstormed together on how to find English equivalents (对应词) for the German style of humour. One of the themes of this book is communicating through barriers. From your point of view, how would someone interested in travelling best learn a new language in a strange place? Christopher has great tips for this in the book: Use apps and dictionaries to learn as many words ahead of time as possible. When travelling, you often have to wait a lot. This is the perfect time to learn. Then talk to people. You will make mistakes and it will be hard, but it is helpful and you’ll gain a lot. Janet Gesme and Around the World on 50 Bucks About the book It is about Christopher Schacht’s 1 around 45 countries, which covered 65,000 miles. Its original version (最初版本) is in German. About the translator Janet Gesme is a translator, musician and a mother of two. She understands Christopher’s intentions and has 2 expressed each idea in his voice in English. About the book translation The differences between readers · The German-speaking readers are more patient and willing to read longer texts. · Schacht's short writing exactly 3 the habits of English-speaking readers, so Gesme could translate the book without changing the style. The challenges and joys Janet Gesme had to stay up late to translate the book.She had 4 in translating Christopher's humour. The joys came from the online 5 with Christopher, which means they brainstormed together. About Gesme’s tips The way to pick up a new language · Learn words with the 6 of apps and dictionaries before you travel. Learn while 7 during your travel. Talk to people and learn from mistakes. What other ways can also help you learn new words well? 8 From the interview with Gesme, what ability do you think a translator should have? 9 Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏省南京市鼓楼区·期末)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：1-8小题每个空格只填一个单词。 Poetry is a creative way to express your ideas and views in words. Many writers enjoy poetry because there are no real rules to writing a poem. Even so, there are some useful guidelines (指导原则) that can help you write poetry. Here’s how to get started. Keep reading The best way to become a better writer is to be a reader first. Reading poets’ works can help you find out what kind of poetry you might like to write. Ask a teacher for advice, or visit your local library and ask a librarian to guide you to the poetry section. Pick a subject When thinking about what to write, you can start by looking for people and things around you. Spending some time thinking about what you love is also useful. Moreover, you can draw inspiration (灵感) from ideas and subjects that make a difference to you, such as saving animals or protecting the planet. Consider types of poetry Common styles are rhyming and free verse. With rhyming, you can make the first line rhyme with the second, the third line rhyme with the fourth, and so on. With free verse, you can rhyme or not rhyme at all. Start writing Keep writing down touching things on a small notebook, from colours to smells to sounds. From there, you can start writing your poem. Once you have a draft ready, you can put it away for a day. Then read your poem again and make it better until you’re happy with it. Share it with someone After you finish your poem, read it to a family member, a teacher, or even your pet. Reading a poem out loud can bring it to life. Follow the guidelines, and you will become a poet-to-be! Introduction Poetry has no real rules, 1 useful guidelines can help with your writing. 2 on writing your own poetry Keep reading ●The first 3 to be a poet is to be a reader. ●To learn what to read, you can ask teachers or 4 books on poetry. Pick a subject ●The subject 5 on what is around you, what you love, and what is important to you. Consider types ●Knowing the differences 6 rhyming and free verse is also helpful. Start writing ●You can collect touching things, start writing, and 7 the poem. Share with someone ●Reading your poem out loud to someone can make it 8 . Your ideas Who is your favourite poet? 9 Why do you like him/ her? (At least five words) 10 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京六合区·期末)阅读短文，根据所读内容，在文章后表格的空格里填入一个恰当的单词和回答问题，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-9的相应位置上。 注意： 1-8每个空格只能填1个单词。9小题词数不限。 Have you ever bumped into someone and their name just doesn’t come to you? Or, you walk into a room and suddenly can’t recall why you’re there? We can’t live without forgetting! Being forgetful can be really annoying, sometimes even embarrassing (尴尬). But what if I told you that there are actually good reasons for our memories fading away? In a BBC interview, scientist Charan Ranganath uses an analogy (类比). We don’t want to store everything we’ve ever owned in our house. Then, we don’t need to store all our memories either. He says, “If we didn’t forget anything, we’d be storing memories, and you’d never be able to find what you want, when you want it. ” For example, you don’t need to remember the hotel number weeks after you’ve left the hotel or memorize all the faces you pass on the street. We also need to be able to forget things in order to update our memories with new information. Imagine (想象)you get used to the same school timetable or work schedule (日程) for a whole year, but the next year, these all change. Your brain needs to be flexible (灵活) and forget details that are of no or little importance in order to handle the new information. And, if you’ve ever believed that you know a word, but it just doesn’t pop into your head, you’re not alone. This tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (现象) may suggest that some things are not fully forgotten, just can’t be easily picked up at one moment. Those with a higher level of knowledge are more affected by this, because their brains have to sort through more information to find the word. In the article “Forgetfulness: Why your mind going blank can be a benefit”, the authors tell us that forgetting “is like a house we hide deep in the woods, and becomes harder and harder to find. ” Interesting 1 about Forgetting Forgetting is 2 of our life. Being forgetful can make one annoyed and even embarrassed, but our memories fade away for some good 3 . No need to store all memories According to Charan Ranganath, Our brain may work in a way 4 to a house. We would 5 to find what we want from memories if we didn’t forget and stored too much information. Updating memories     To handle new information, our brain needs to be flexible to forget 6 details. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon It suggests that we haven’t fully forgotten something, but have 7 picking it up at one moment. An analogy Forgetting is like a house 8 deep in the woods that becomes harder and harder to find. 1. According to the passage, forgetting can be a house that becomes harder and harder to find. How do you understand the analogy? 9 Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏泰州海陵区·期末)阅读短文，在表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填1个单词。 When we turn on the tap and hot water comes out, do you know the development of the invention? The earliest baths appeared around 4,000 years ago and showers were in use about 300 years ago. Today, while others say a bath at night makes them feel relaxed and have a good sleep. Are baths better than showers? Having a bath is relaxing while showers are quick. Which should we choose? People have discussed about this. Let’s have a closer look. Yes—a bath washes the mind and body Baths are about much more than cleanliness. They are places to relax and you can think about the coming day so that you can plan tomorrow well there. You will have to do nothing in a bath but read or eat if you want. Most people have been used to bathing since they were born. For the first few years of a person’s life, they are bathed before bed,not showered. No—showers are quick and cheap The cost of baths is more than that of showers. Experts recently worked out that a year of two baths a day costs £438 but a year of two showers a day costs just £161. Baths are more expensive. Showers are better for the environment because they use less water and energy. What’s more, showers are efficient when you don't have much time in the morning. You just need 3 minutes to finish it and it means you can stay in bed for an extra time. Now, you’ve learned a bit more about it. You are hoped to scan the QR code in the picture above to join in the discussion and make your choice. Next week, the result will be published. Are baths better than showers? Facts about baths and showers ◆Baths appeared much 1 than showers. ◆People like to have showers in the morning to wake up their body. ◆Others like to have a bath to relax 2 and sleep well at night. A 3 on baths and showers Baths ◆Help to relax and make a good 4 for tomorrow. ◆Do something else, 5 reading,eating and so on. ◆Get used to having a bath since 6 . Showers ◆Help 7 money by having a quick shower. ◆Make a better environment by 8 less water and energy. ◆Stay in bed longer because of just having a 9 shower. Invitation Scan the QR code and vote “Yes” 10 you think baths are better than showers. Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京玄武区·期末)阅读短文，第1—6题每空一词，第7题答案不超过6个词，第8题词数不限。 Should books always be kept in good condition? How do you treat your books? Do you try not to fold (折叠) a page by using a bookmark? Are you careful not to make a crease (折痕) on the spine of the book when you open it or store your collection neatly (整齐地) on a shelf? Or perhaps you pay less attention to their condition—you’re happy to highlight (做标记) quotes and paragraphs or scribble (涂写) notes down the margins of a page. You take your stories with you wherever you go, even if that means they get a bit dog-eared and damaged (破损的). What’s your view—do you think they should always be kept in good condition? People have been sharing their opinions online about the issue. Yes No Books deserve our respect. It doesn’t matter as long as you read. It is important to care for your books. This is especially true if the book costs a lot of money, or was given to you as a present. If you don’t look after your books, people might not buy them for you in the future. They also won’t last so long if they are damaged. If a book is full of ripped pages, or has a damaged cover, it is less likely that a friend will want to pick it up and read it, so you won’t be able to share your favourite stories. If you donate it to a charity shop, it is less likely that someone will buy it. Over time, treating books badly could become a bad habit. If you damage novels that you’ve borrowed from the library or a friend, you might end up with a fine—or an upset friend. One of the great things about an actual book is that readers can make it their own with notes. If it’s a gift, you can write a nice message. These little scribbles are great to return to and can make a book feel personal and special to you. It doesn’t matter if this means that a book isn’t in perfect condition—you can always buy a new copy if the old one gets too damaged. In the end, it should just be about what makes reading a book most enjoyable for each person. Authors just want people to read their stories; they don’t mind how or where people do it. If a reader should happen to damage their copy along the way, it doesn’t really matter. Topic Should books always be kept in good condition? Different ways to treat books ●Use a bookmark to 1 folding a page. ●Try to prevent the spine from creasing. ●Store your collection in a 2 way on a shelf. ●Highlight quotes and paragraphs or scribble notes down the margins. ●Take your stories with you 3 you go. Reasons for keeping books in good condition ●It is important to care for your book if you 4 much money on it or it is a gift. ●Books won’t last long if they are damaged and you will be unable to share your stories. ●If a damaged book is 5 to a charity shop, someone may not buy it. ●Treating books badly could become a bad habit. Reasons 6 keeping books in good condition ●Readers can make an actual book their own with notes. ●These little scribbles make a book feel personal and special to you. ●Authors don’t mind how or where people read books. 7. According to this part, what can you do if the old book gets too damaged? 7 8. In your eyes, should books always be kept in good condition? Why or why not? 8 主题03 人与自我——意见/建议 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏泰州泰兴市·期末)阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。（注意：每个空格只填一个单词） The Body Mass Index (BMI) is an index (指数) that shows if a person has a healthy body weight. For healthy adults in China, a usual BMI is between 18.5 and 23.9. A BMI between 24 and 27.9 is thought to be overweight. A BMI of 28 or even higher is thought to be obese (肥胖的). Being overweight or even obese can easily lead to many health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart trouble and other serious illnesses. According to the National Health Commission (NHC), by 2030, Chinese adults will face a serious problem—about 70.5% of them in China could be overweight and 31.8% of children could face the same problem. Now, the government of China is working on the problem. Lei Haichao, head of the NHC, talked about a three-year program across the country during this year’s two sessions (两会) to help people manage their weight and encourage a healthier lifestyle. This program focuses (专注) on advising people to eat well, take exercise, and keep a healthy weight. We can also take Shanghai as an example. The city plans to develop a “Weight Management Health Guide” for its 25 million residents (居民). A team of experts (专家) in health, food, and sports will work together to finish the guide. It will offer advice not only about diet management and exercise plans, but also about good sleeping habits and medical help. Moreover, AI technology will be used to complete this task. Health experts suggest (建议) eating a mix of healthy foods, including rice, vegetables, meat and milk, and trying to achieve a balance (平衡) among them. Eating until 70% or 80% full is suggested for long-term weight control. To avoid putting on weight, it is also important to keep good sleeping habits because staying up late can lead to unhealthy eating habits and weight gain. China is on its way to managing weightScientific basis·The higher a person’s BMI is, the 1 he/ she may be. ·Overweight or obesity makes people’s health risks (风险) 2 greatly. China’s overweight problem·By 2030, Chinese people’s weight problem will be very 3 . Actions·The NHC is working on a three-year program. ·The program offers public 4 on eating well, exercising and keeping a healthy weight. A(an) 5 ·Shanghai will develop a “Weight Management Health Guide” for its residents with the 6 of experts and AI technology. The guide includes diet management and exercise plans as 7 as good sleeping habits and medical help. Advice·Eat 8 healthy foods. · 9 eating when you’re 70% or 80% full. · 10 good sleeping habits is also important. Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏南通市区·期末)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 In cities, a growing number of people are turning their homes into small green gardens by keeping houseplants. According to a recent survey, about 65% of the families have at least three plants in their living spaces. There are several reasons why indoor gardening has become so popular in the city. First, plants help make indoor air clean. They take in harmful things from the air and give out fresh oxygen. Second, looking after plants brings a sense of achievement, especially when seeing a small seed grow into a healthy plant. Moreover, plants are beautiful, ever-changing home decorations. Unlike static artworks (静态艺术品), living plants grow and change with the seasons, bringing natural beauty into city flats. However, beginners often face some problems. Some choose unsuitable plants. For example, many beginners buy sun-loving plants like roses but place them in rooms with poor light. Overwatering is another common problem. New growers may water plants too often because they don’t know that most indoor plants prefer drier soil. To help solve the problems, local gardening centers provide free guidance on choosing the right plants for different light conditions and proper watering skills. With the right knowledge, anyone can achieve success in home gardening. Moreover, many neighborhood communities have started plant exchange programs to share advice with beginners. Some schools have even added plant care into their life skills courses. With these helpful resources, anyone in the city can develop a green thumb and enjoy the journey of growing alongside your plants. Why not begin your own indoor gardening adventure today? 1．What are differences between living plants and static artworks? 2．What problems do beginners often face in plant-growing? 3．Why is overwatering bed for indoor plants? 4．How do local gardening centers help solve the beginners’ problems? 5．How can you try to be a green thumb?（请自拟一句话回答） Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏镇江句容市·期末)根据短文内容在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词，每空一词。 When we turn on the tap and hot water comes out, do you know the development of the invention? The earliest baths appeared around 4,000 years ago and showers were in use about 300 years ago. Today, others say a bath at night makes them feel relaxed and have a good sleep. Are baths better than showers? Having a bath is relaxing while showers are quick. Which should we choose? People have discussed this. Let’s have a closer look. Yes—a bath washes the mind and body Baths are about much more than cleanliness. They are places to relax and you can think about the coming day so that you can plan tomorrow well there. You will have to do nothing in a bath but read or eat if you want. Most people have been used to bathing since they were born. For the first few years of a person’s life, they are bathed before bed, not showered. No—showers are quick and cheap The cost of baths is more than that of showers. Experts recently worked out that a year of two baths a day costs £438 but a year of two showers a day costs just £161. Baths are more expensive. Showers are better for the environment because they use less water and energy. What’s more, showers are efficient (有效率的) when you don’t have much time in the morning. You just need 3 minutes to finish it and it means you can stay in bed for extra time. Now, you’ve learned a bit more about it. You are encouraged to scan the QR code in the picture above to join in the discussion and make your choice. Next week, the result will be published. Are baths better than showers? Facts about baths and showers ◆Baths appeared much 1 than showers. ◆People like to have showers in the morning to wake up their bodies. ◆Others like to have a bath to relax 2 and sleep well at night. A comparison on baths and showers Baths ◆Help to relax and make a good 3 for tomorrow. ◆Do something else, 4 reading and eating. ◆Get used to having a bath since 5 . Showers ◆Help 6 money by having a quick shower. ◆Make a better environment by 7 less water and energy. ◆Stay in bed longer because of just having a 8 shower. 9 Scan the QR code and 10 “Yes” if you think baths are better than showers. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 任务型阅读 参考答案 主题01 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1：1．full 2．improves 3．confident 4．common 5．示例：I’d like to volunteer at an animal shelter with my family. We can help feed homeless animals and clean their living areas. This will teach us responsibility and love for animals while spending quality time together. Passage 2：1．To help them/They don’t have enough English learning resources. 2．Listening, reading and writing. 3．By email or from the website. 4．Finding the children. 5．Helpful/Kind. Because “I” help children. Passage 3：1．In February, 2025. 2．Charity One Heart. 3．A school hall and dining hall. 4．They can be 100% recycled. 5．It’s a sustainable, hopeful community project. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1：1．Because they are on a path to a zero-waste life and want to make our world a green place. 2．Nine groups. 3．By running a reward system where people can exchange recycling points for eco-friendly products. 4．In a special shop next to the Zero Waste Centre. 5．Yes, I think it’s necessary because recycling helps reduce pollution and save resources. It also protects the environment for future generations. Passage 2：1．strong 2．Problem/Problems 3．keeping 4．reduce/slow/lower 5．thick 6．provide 7．finished/completed/built 8．less 9．improve 10．Act Passage 3：1．protecting 2．provides 3．helpful 4．started 5．returned 6．have 7．often 8．sales 9．stopped 10．reducing 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1：1．Introduction 2．develops 3．safety 4．began/started 5．in 6．successfully 7．most 8．able 9．improved/benefited/ benefitted 10．instead Passage 2：1．It’s in the Hongqiao area./It’s in Shanghai./In the Hongqiao area./In Shanghai. 2．It’s 8yuan./8 yuan. 3．Yes, because it’s cheap and convenient./No, because it lacks human warmth. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可) Passage 3：1．For over 30 years. 2．By allowing the visitors to view paintings without standing near them or touching them. 3．We can have a virtual tour of historical sites like the Mogao Grottoes in class. 主题04 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1：1．More than 3,000 years ago. 2．Chopsticks are usually 7cun and 6 fen long./Chopsticks are round at one end and squared at the other. 3．Because pair in Chinese is a very lucky word. 4．To introduce chopsticks. 5．Chopsticks are commonly used in Chinese daily life, but they are full of Chinese culture. Passage 2：1．The narrow lane. 2．To ask for advice. 3．Three chi. 4．Gave up another three chi. 5．Kindness encourages kindness. Passage 3：1．Some Chinese kung fu stars. 2．A hip-hop group. 3．When he was a teenager. 4．Change attitudes or beliefs. 5．回答合理即可。参考答案：It’s part of Chinese culture. 主题01 人与社会——个人经历 Passage 1：1．improve 2．arrive 3．what 4．welcoming 5．cheer 6．Avoid 7．Cheer 8．allowed 9．示例：Yes, I think audience manners are important. Good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect to players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.（答案不唯一，合理阐述观点即可） 10．示例：The Olympic Games. It includes various sports like swimming, running, and gymnastics, attracting athletes and audiences worldwide every four years.（答案不唯一，列举熟悉的赛事并简单说明即可） Passage 2：1．travel 2．successfully 3．matches 4．difficulty 5．communication 6．help 7．waiting 8．Watching English movies or TV shows. (言之有理即可) 9．The ability to understand the original author’s intentions and express them accurately in the target language. (言之有理即可) Passage 3：1．but 2．Guidelines 3．step 4．librarians 5．depends 6．between 7．revise/improve 8．alive 9．Li Bai. 10．Because he is talented. 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1：1．Facts 2．part 3．reasons 4．similar 5．fail 6．unimportant 7．trouble/problem/problems/difficulties/difficulty 8．hidden 9．As time goes by, we may forget lots of things, but forgetting makes it possible for us to learn new things. Passage 2：1．earlier 2．themselves 3．comparison 4．plan 5．like 6．birth 7．save 8．using 9．quick 10．if Passage 3：1．avoid 2．neat 3．wherever 4．spend 5．donated 6．against 7．I can buy a new copy./ We can buy a new copy. 8．Yes, because books won’t last long if they are damaged. 主题03 人与自我——意见/建议 Passage 1：1．fatter/heavier/unhealthier 2．rise/grow/increase 3．serious/common 4．advice/suggestions/tips 5．example 6．help 7．well 8．mixed/different/balanced 9．Stop 10．Keeping Passage 2：1．Living plants grow and change with seasons, while static artworks don’t. 2．Choosing unsuitable plants and overwatering. 3．Because most indoor plants prefer drier soil. 4．By providing free guidance on plant choice and watering skills. 5．I can start by saving water and recycling waste. Passage 3：1．earlier 2．themselves 3．plan 4．like 5．birth 6．save 7．using 8．three-minute 9．Action 10．choose / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 任务型阅读 主题01 人与社会——志愿服务 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末)Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. •You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to the community makes you feel like you have more of it and it inspires you to make the most of each day. •You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. For adults, volunteering can be very helpful for physical health. Washington University found that adults who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall better health than other age groups. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. •You can meet a better self if you volunteer during teenage years. Volunteering during teenage years has been linked with some major positive effects such as better grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just for a short time but have been proved to affect a teen’s life in the years to come. •You’ll enjoy more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. Family volunteering Introduction Volunteering as a family brings family members together and has a positive (积极的) effect on the whole family. Benefits Volunteering seems to let people have more time.Volunteering encourages people to make 1 use of the day. Volunteering 2 people’s memory and health. Volunteers are more likely to pay more attention to doing sports and taking care of themselves. Volunteering helps teenagers study better and become more 3 in themselves for a lifetime. Volunteering makes all the family members discover what they’re good at and experience working toward a 4 goal. Your idea Think of a volunteering activity in Nanjing for your family. 5 【答案】1．full 2．improves 3．confident 4．common 5．示例：I’d like to volunteer at an animal shelter with my family. We can help feed homeless animals and clean their living areas. This will teach us responsibility and love for animals while spending quality time together. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了家庭志愿活动对家庭成员的诸多好处，包括让人们感觉时间更充裕、促进身心健康、提升青少年自信以及增进家庭关系等。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“it inspires you to make the most of each day.”可推知结论，make the most of意为“充分利用”，等同于make full use of。 2．根据文章第3段“adults who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall better health”可推知结论，志愿活动能改善人们的记忆和健康，improve意为“改善”，主语是动名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 3．根据文章第4段“increased self-confidence”可推知结论，become后接形容词作表语，self-confidence的形容词形式为confident。 4．根据文章第5段“working toward a common goal”可推知结论，直接提取原文修饰goal的形容词。 5．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，写出南京适合家庭志愿活动的具体内容即可。 Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏扬州江都区·期末)阅读短文，回答下面5个问题。（Answer the questions in no more than eight words) I often read about children living in the mountains of China. They don’t have enough learning resources, especially for English. I believe English is not just a language—it also gives people the chance to see the world differently. So I started thinking about what I could do for these children. Then, I came up with an idea: to make special English learning material! More than 10 classmates joined me, and we started a club called “Out of Mountains”. Our English materials have three parts: listening, reading and writing. We decided to publish them every month and send them to children by email. We also built a website so children could get information more easily. Each of us worked on one part, such as writing content, designing layouts, making illustrations and developing the website. To make the learning process more fun, we chose interesting topics for kids, like holidays. The hardest part was finding the children. I contacted schools in Liangshan, Sichuan. I also reached out to children through some WeChat official accounts. I felt nervous talking to them and was afraid of being turned down, but I did my best to share our ideas. In the end, we got the readers we had hoped for. Every time a parent emailed us saying, “my child really liked the story”, it gave us the strength to keep going. I hope our small acts can help give these kids a better future. 1．Why did “I” make the special English learning materials for children in mountain areas? 2．What are the three parts in the learning materials? 3．How can children get the materials? 4．What did “I” think was the hardest part? 5．What do you think of “me”? And why? 【答案】1．To help them/They don’t have enough English learning resources. 2．Listening, reading and writing. 3．By email or from the website. 4．Finding the children. 5．Helpful/Kind. Because “I” help children. 【导语】本文讲述了“我”为山区儿童制作特殊英语学习材料的经历，过程中最难的是联系到这些儿童，最终获得认可，“我”希望这些小行动能助力孩子们拥有更好的未来。 1．根据“They don’t have enough learning resources, especially for English. I believe English... gives people the chance to see the world differently. So I started thinking about what I could do for these children.”可知，制作材料是因为山区儿童缺乏英语学习资源，“我”想帮助他们。故填To help them/They don’t have enough English learning resources. 2．根据“Our English materials have three parts: listening, reading and writing.”可知，材料分为听力、阅读和写作三部分。故填Listening, reading and writing. 3．根据“We decided to publish them every month and send them to children by email. We also built a website so children could get information more easily.”可知，孩子们可以通过邮件或网站获取材料。故填By email or from the website. 4．根据“The hardest part was finding the children.”可知，“我”认为最难的是找到这些儿童。故填Finding the children. 5．开放性回答，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Helpful/Kind. Because “I” help children. Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏无锡锡山区·期末)先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。所答内容必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。 In Kibaha, near the capital Dares Salaam, architects (建筑师) built a new village called Hope Village with “earth printing”. The project was finished in February, 2025. Helped by charity One Heart, Hope Village is designed by Hassell and Clarke Hopkins Clarke (CHC) to help children from across the country who have unsafe home environments. The village has offered schooling for up to 480 children, as well as childcare and skills training for girls between 3~18 years old. In the center of Hope Village is its landmark building—a community center. It is a 3D-printed design, and it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week and open to the public for events at weekends. The walls are 3D printed with earth so they can be 100% recycled. “We wanted to make sure that we’re able to build walls that could circulate (循环) air in the building, but also bring in light at the same time, and turning to 3D printing allowed for an open, ‘porous’ (多孔的) wall design.” said Mark, the lead designer from CHC． The project is not just to use design to help local people improve their daily life but to bring hope and education in Kibaha and leave it there. 根据短文内容回答问题 (每小题答案不超过6个单词)。 1．When was Hope Village finished? 2．Who helped the building of Hope Village? 3．What is Hope Village used as during the week? 4．Why did the designers choose 3D printing with earth? 5．What do you think of “Hope Village”? 【答案】1．In February, 2025. 2．Charity One Heart. 3．A school hall and dining hall. 4．They can be 100% recycled. 5．It’s a sustainable, hopeful community project. 【导语】本文主要介绍了位于坦桑尼亚Kibaha的Hope Village项目。该项目由慈善组织One Heart支持，采用3D打印技术建造，旨在为无家可归的儿童提供教育、技能培训和安全的居住环境。Hope Village的核心建筑是一个多功能的社区中心，其墙壁采用可回收材料设计，兼具通风和采光功能。这一项目不仅改善了当地居民的生活，还为社区带来了希望和教育资源。 【详解】1．根据“The project was finished in February, 2025.”可知项目是在2025年2月完工的，故填In February, 2025. 2．根据“Helped by charity One Heart”可知建设Hope Village得到了慈善组织One Heart的帮助。故填Charity One Heart. 3．根据“it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week and open to the public for events at weekends.”可知被用作学校礼堂和餐厅，故填A school hall and dining hall. 4．根据“The walls are 3D printed with earth so they can be 100% recycled”可知本段提到设计师选择3D打印的原因是墙壁可以循环空气、引入光线，并且100%可回收。故填They can be 100% recycled. 5．根据“The project is not just to use design to help local people improve their daily life but to bring hope and education in Kibaha and leave it there.”可知该项目不仅仅是用设计帮助当地人改善日常生活，而是为Kibaha带来希望和教育，并将其留在那里。故填It’s a sustainable, hopeful community project. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京金陵中学河西分校·期末)阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Sometimes, separating waste can take a lot of time. To properly recycle a plastic bottle, for example, we should pour out anything in the bottle and flatten (压平) the bottle before putting the cap back on and throwing it in the recycling bin. But that’s nothing compared to (与……相比) the recycling efforts of people in Kamikatsu, a village in southwestern Japan. The 1,500 villagers there are on a path to a zero-waste life. The Zero Waste Centre is Kamikatsu’s recycling facility (场所). There, the villagers separate their waste into 45 groups—there are nine groups for paper products alone. They clean and dry dirty items to make them ready for recycling. The village runs a reward system (奖励制度). People can collect recycling points in exchange for environmentally friendly products. There are signs that show what new items will be made from the recyclables. The village often reports how much money it has saved by working with recycling companies rather than burning all the waste. Next to the Zero Waste Centre is a special shop. There villagers can drop off items they don’t want any more, and others can take them home. This past January alone, about 450 kilograms of items were re-homed. The number is shown in the shop. In 2020, Hotel Why opened its door to the public. It is built in the shape of a question mark as if it was asking, “Why do we create so much waste?” At check-in, guests cut bars of soap to get just the amount of what they need for their stay. Each of them is given six bins to separate their waste. We can learn from the villagers of Kamikatsu. Many of their practices can be introduced into large cities to make our world a green place. 1．Why do the villagers in Kamikatsu recycle waste? 2．How many groups do they separate paper products into? 3．How do they encourage the villagers to recycle waste? 4．Where do the villagers put their items they don’t want? 5．Do you think it necessary to recycle waste? Why or why not? (本题字数不限) 【答案】1．Because they are on a path to a zero-waste life and want to make our world a green place. 2．Nine groups. 3．By running a reward system where people can exchange recycling points for eco-friendly products. 4．In a special shop next to the Zero Waste Centre. 5．Yes, I think it’s necessary because recycling helps reduce pollution and save resources. It also protects the environment for future generations. 【导语】本文主要讲述了日本上胜町村民通过精细分类回收、奖励制度和物品共享等方式实现零浪费生活的故事，并倡导大城市学习这种环保理念。 【详解】1．根据“The 1,500 villagers there are on a path to a zero-waste life.”和“Many of their practices can be introduced into large cities to make our world a green place.”可知，上胜町的村民回收垃圾是因为他们正走在零废弃生活的道路上，且希望通过这种方式助力打造绿色世界。故填Because they are on a path to a zero-waste life and want to make our world a green place. 2．根据“there are nine groups for paper products alone”可知他们将纸制品分为9类。故填Nine groups. 3．根据“The village runs a reward system (奖励制度)…in exchange for environmentally friendly products”可知他们通过奖励制度鼓励村民回收垃圾。故填By running a reward system where people can exchange recycling points for eco-friendly products. 4．根据“Next to the Zero Waste Centre is a special shop…drop off items they don’t want”可知村民会把不需要的物品放在零废物中心旁边的特殊商店里。故填In a special shop next to the Zero Waste Centre. 5．开放性试题，合理即可。参考答案：Yes, I think it’s necessary because recycling helps reduce pollution and save resources. It also protects the environment for future generations. Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏泰州海陵区·期末)阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填1个单词。 The Taklimakan Desert (塔克拉玛干沙漠) is the biggest desert in China. It is about 337,000 square kilometers. That’s as big as three Zhejiang provinces. The sand here is light and soft. When strong winds blow, the sand flies, and the desert moves! It moves forward every year. The desert can cover roads, farms and even people’s homes. But now, we are working hard to stop it. In 2024, China finished a 3,046-kilometer green belt (带) around the Taklimakan Desert. How do we stop the sand? Straw squares We stick straws (插稻草) into the sand to make big squares. These squares help keep the sand in place. Trees and flower seeds can grow safely inside. Sand barrier (沙障) We build 1-meter-tall walls with straws and wires (铁丝). These walls are like silent guardians (卫士) standing in the desert. When the strong desert winds blow, hitting these walls, their speed gets reduced bit by bit. The wind slows down, so it can’t carry and spread the sand as heavily as before. In this way, they play a key role in preventing sand from moving. Deep roots Trees and flowers grow roots deep into the ground as if they decide to hold the earth hard. As they grow deeper and thicker, they grow together, forming a strong underground system. Little by little, the roots hold the sand even harder, silently working to keep the land in place. Energy from the sun In the Taklimakan Desert, where sunshine is rich, we make good use of this natural treasure. We turn energy into power. Then, machines can take water from underground to water plants, helping them survive in this dry land. In this way, energy from the sun gives life to plants and brings hope to the desert. Through hard work, the Taklimakan Desert is not as “terrible” as before. Stopping the desert from becoming larger will take a long period of time. But as long as we keep working hard and never give up, we can make more parts of the desert turn green. Let’s take action to make our country more beautiful. Facts It’s China’s largest desert. Sand moves with 1 winds. 2 It moves forward and covers roads, farms and homes. Ways Straw Squares Stick straws to form squares, 3 sand in place for plant growth. Sand barrier Build 1-metre walls with straws/ wires to 4 wind speed. Deep roots Grow deep and 5 , forming strong underground nets. Energy from the sun Turn sunlight into power to 6 underground water for plants. Achievements and hopes ◆In 2024, a 3,046-km green belt was 7 around the desert. ◆Desert is 8 “terrible” now. ◆Stopping spread of desert takes a long time, but can 9 the conditions of some parts. ◆ 10 to make China more beautiful. 【答案】 1．strong 2．Problem/Problems 3．keeping 4．reduce/slow/lower 5．thick 6．provide 7．finished/completed/built 8．less 9．improve 10．Act 【导语】本文介绍了塔克拉玛干沙漠的规模及危害，并讲述了通过稻草方格、沙障、植物深根和利用太阳能等方式治理沙漠的成果与希望。 【详解】1．根据“When strong winds blow, the sand flies, and the desert moves!”可知，沙子在强风中移动，空处修饰winds，填形容词strong。故填strong。 2．根据“It moves forward and covers roads, farms and homes.”可知，这里指沙漠带来的危害或问题，空处可用名词problem(s)“问题”。故填Problem(s)。 3．根据“These squares help keep the sand in place.”可知，这些方格有助于让沙子固定，keep sand in place表示“固定沙子”，符合语境。故填keeping。 4．根据“When the strong desert winds blow, hitting these walls, their speed gets reduced bit by bit.”可知，建沙障的目的是减少风速。故填reduce/slow/lower。 5．根据“As they grow deeper and thicker, they grow together, forming a strong underground system.”可知，植物根系会变得又深又粗，空处填thick。故填thick。 6．根据“we make good use of this natural treasure. We turn energy into power. Then, machines can take water from underground to water plants”可知，这里强调利用太阳能为植物提供地下水，空处用provide“提供”。故填provide。 7．根据“In 2024, China finished a 3,046-kilometer green belt (带) around the Taklimakan Desert.”可知，2024年在沙漠周围完成了一条绿色带。故填finished/completed/built。 8．根据“the Taklimakan Desert is not as ‘terrible’ as before.”可知，现在沙漠没有以前那么可怕了，空处用less。故填less。 9．根据“we can make more parts of the desert turn green.”可知，可以改善一些地区的条件，空处用improve。故填improve。 10．根据“Let’s take action to make our country more beautiful”可知，这里表达的是号召人们采取行动，空处填Act。故填Act。 Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏镇江丹阳市·期末)根据短文内容在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词，每空一词。 In recent years, China has tried its best to protect the environment and achieved great results. These achievements include many areas. Let’s take a closer look at some of these successes. Leading in Renewable Energy China is now the world’s largest producer of solar and wind energy. By building huge solar farms and wind turbines (涡轮机), the country offers clean power to millions of homes. For example, in 2022, China’s solar power production reached over 390 million kilowatts (千瓦), becoming the top in the world. This helps cut coal use and air pollution. Greener Lands and Forests China has planted billions of trees to keep soil in place and fight against desertification (沙漠化). The Great Green Wall project, set up in 1978, has built forests covering over 46 million hectares—an area larger than Germany! The government has also returned over 28 million hectares of farmland to forests or grasslands since 1999, which is good for biodiversity (生物多样性) protection. Clearer Skies in Cities Air pollution used to be a serious problem in cities like Beijing. However, some laws have made air quality better. Beijing’s average PM2.5 level dropped by about 63% between 2013 and 2021. Many cities now have more blue sky days than before. Promoting Green Transport In 2023, over 60% of the world’s electric vehicles (EVs) (电动汽车) were made in China. China leads the world in EV production and sales. Cities like Shenzhen have already used electric buses and taxis completely instead of oil ones, lowering carbon emissions (排放) and noise pollution. China’s environmental achievements show that progress is possible when people and government work together. As students, we can also make a difference by saving energy, recycling, and reusing. After all, protecting the Earth is everyone’s duty! China’s Journey to a Greener Future Introduction China has done a good job in 1 environment in recent years. Achievements Leading in Renewable Energy ◆As the largest producer of solar ang wind energy in the world, China 2 clean power for millions of home. ◆China’s huge energy production is 3 in cutting coal use and air pollution. Greener Lands and Forests ◆China 4 a project, called Great Green Wall to build a large area of forests. ◆Chinese government has also 5 farmland to forests or grasslands since 1999. Clearer Skies in Cities ◆Cities like Beijing used to 6 serious air pollution. ◆People in many cities can see blue sky days more 7 than before. Promoting Green Transport ◆China leads the world in electric vehicle production as well as 8 . ◆Shenzhen, as an example, has completely 9 using oil buses and taxis to lower pollution. Conclusion Everyone should take action to make a difference by following three Rs: 10 , reusing and recycling. 【答案】 1．protecting 2．provides 3．helpful 4．started 5．returned 6．have 7．often 8．sales 9．stopped 10．reducing 【导语】本文主要讲的是中国在环境保护方面取得的成就，包括可再生能源、绿化工程、空气治理和绿色交通等方面的进展，并呼吁每个人参与环保行动。 【详解】1．根据“China has tried its best to protect the environment and achieved great results”可知中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就，介词in后跟动名词protecting。故填protecting。 2．根据“the country offers clean power to millions of homes”可知中国为数百万人提供清洁能源，provide sth for sb“给某人提供某物”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填provides。 3．根据“This helps cut coal use and air pollution”可知中国的巨大能源生产有助于减少煤炭使用和空气污染。helpful“有帮助的”，形容词作表语，故填helpful。 4．根据“The Great Green Wall project, set up in 1978”可知中国启动了一个名为“绿色长城”的项目。start“启动”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填started。 5．根据“The government has also returned over 28 million hectares of farmland to forests or grasslands since 1999”可知政府将农田恢复为森林或草地。结合“has”可知，本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词returned。故填returned。 6．根据“Air pollution used to be a serious problem in cities like Beijing”可知像北京这样的城市过去有严重的空气污染。have表示“有”，used to do sth“过去常常做某事”。故填have。 7．根据“Many cities now have more blue sky days than before”可知许多城市现在比以前有更多的蓝天日，即人们看到蓝天日更频繁。often表示“频繁地”，符合语境。故填often。 8．根据“China leads the world in EV production and sales”可知中国在电动汽车生产和销售方面领先世界。故填sales。 9．根据“Cities like Shenzhen have already used electric buses and taxis completely instead of oil ones, lowering carbon emissions (排放) and noise pollution.”可知深圳已经完全停止使用燃油公交车和出租车，应用动词stop，结合“has”可知，本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词。故填stopped。 10．根据“we can also make a difference by saving energy, recycling, and reusing”可知我们也可以通过节约能源、回收和再利用来改变世界，所以三个R原则是：reducing，recycling和reusing。故填reducing。 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏泰州兴化市·期末)阅读下面材料, 根据材料内容完成后面表格, 每空填一个单词。 What is Beidou? Beidou is a navigation (导航) satellite (卫星) system. It is developed by China. China is the 3rd country in the world to have its own navigation satellite system. With Beidou, China no longer has to depend on foreign systems. This is very important for national safety. The research and development of Beidou began in 1994. However, the first two Beidou satellites were not sent into space until 2000. Since then, China has launched (发射) dozens of (数十个) Beidou satellites. These satellites have formed a global network. Now, China is further improving the system. The BDS-3 system was fully completed in June, 2020, with the successful launch (发射) of the last satellite. The Beidou Navigation Satellite System will be more powerful than any other navigation satellite system in the world. Yang Changfeng is a designer of Beidou. He said the system can notice the sway (晃动) of a building in strong winds. Beidou has brought much benefit (益处) to our lives. In many cities, thousands of buses have been using Beidou. When we are waiting for a bus, we can know when it is about to come. Many smart phones have also been using Beidou. Many people say, “Let me turn on my GPS.” In fact, their phones are using Beidou. Beidou navigation satellite system 1 China 2 Beidou navigation satellite system and it is very important for the country’s 3 . China is the third country to have its own navigation satellite systems in the world. Main body Process of building Beidou The research and development of Beidou 4 in 1994. The first two Beidou satellites were sent into space 5 2000. The BDS-3 system was fully completed in June, 2020 when the last satellite was launched 6 . Characters The Beidou Navigation Satellite System will be the 7 powerful of all navigation satellite systems in the world. It is 8 to notice the sway (晃动) of a building in strong winds. Conclusion Beidou has 9 our lives a lot. Many buses and smart phones have been using Beidou 10 of GPS. 【答案】 1．Introduction 2．develops 3．safety 4．began/started 5．in 6．successfully 7．most 8．able 9．improved/benefited/ benefitted 10．instead 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了中国的导航卫星系统——北斗。 【详解】1．根据“Main body”和“Conclusion”可知，这是对北斗的介绍，故填Introduction。 2．根据“The Beidou Navigation Satellite System is developed by China.”可知，北斗导航卫星系统由中国研发。故填develops。 3．根据“With Beidou, China no longer has to depend on foreign systems. This is very important for national safety.”可知，北斗对国家的安全非常重要。故填safety。 4．根据 “The research and development of Beidou began in 1994.”可知，北斗的研发始于1994 年。故填began/started。 5．根据“However, the first two Beidou satellites were not sent into space until 2000.”可知，前两颗北斗卫星于 2000 年被送入太空，年份之前用时间介词in。故填in。 6．根据“The BDS-3 system was fully completed in June, 2020, with the successful launch of the last satellite.”可知，当最后一颗卫星成功发射时，BDS-3系统于2020年6月全面完成。故填successfully。 7．根据“The Beidou Navigation Satellite System will be more powerful than any other navigation satellite system in the world.”可知，北斗导航卫星系统将是世界上所有导航卫星系统中最强大的。故填most。 8．根据“Yang Changfeng is a designer of Beidou. He said the system can notice the sway of a building in strong winds.”可知，它能够察觉强风中建筑物的晃动。故填able。 9．根据“Beidou has brought much benefit to our lives.”可知，北斗极大地提高了了我们的生活质量，给我们的生活带来了很多益处。故填improved/benefit(t)ed。 10．根据“Many people say, ‘Let me turn on my GPS.’ In fact, their phones are using Beidou.”可知，许多公共汽车和智能手机一直在使用北斗而不是GPS。故填instead。 Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏宿迁宿城区·期末)阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题。 AI is becoming more and more popular in our life. Not long ago, a restaurant opened in Shanghai. This restaurant is different from the ones we usually see. It’s in the Hongqiao area and covers about 130 square meters. It uses smart machines and computers to do things like cooking food and serving meals. It’s like having a robot (机器人) chef and waiter all in one place. It can serve about 300 people every day. Most of them are old people living nearby or office workers in the area. At the restaurant, people need to order food on a screen. If you can’t decide what to eat, the cooking system can give advice. The restaurant’s robots can make different kinds of Chinese dishes, like gongbao chicken and Mapo tofu. They also adjust (调整) cooking temperatures and pack food for eating in or taking away. At the self-service area, put your dishes on a smart cash desk and it will show the price of the meal. You can pay with bank cards or QR codes (二维码). The food is cheap: meat dishes are 8 yuan each while vegetable dishes cost only 3.5 yuan. “The meals cooked by robots taste as good as those cooked by humans. It is cheap and convenient (方便的) for us to eat here,” said an old man. Would you like to have a meal in such a smart restaurant? 1．Where is the AI restaurant? 2．How much is a meat dish in this restaurant? 3．Do you want to have a meal in such a smart restaurant? Why? 【答案】1．It’s in the Hongqiao area./It’s in Shanghai./In the Hongqiao area./In Shanghai. 2．It’s 8yuan./8 yuan. 3．Yes, because it’s cheap and convenient./No, because it lacks human warmth. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了上海虹桥地区一家使用AI技术的智能餐厅，包括其运作方式、服务对象和价格等特点。 【详解】1．根据“Not long ago, a restaurant opened in Shanghai.”以及“It’s in the Hongqiao area”可知，餐厅在上海虹桥地区。故填It’s in the Hongqiao area./It’s in Shanghai./In the Hongqiao area./In Shanghai. 2．根据“meat dishes are 8 yuan each”可知，荤菜的价格是每份8元。故填It’s 8 yuan./8 yuan. 3．开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案：Yes, because it’s cheap and convenient./No, because it lacks human warmth. Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏苏州高新区·期末)请认真阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题。 Since the early 1990s, scientists have used digital (数码的) technology to collect information about the Mogao Grottoes (洞穴) in Gansu Province. So far, it has shared plenty of information on the website Digital Dunhuang. Even so, humans have never stopped learning about culture with technology. Recently, Huawei has started a new way to show the Mogao Grottoes. By using virtual reality (虚拟现实) technology, it can offer visitors a 360-degree virtual tour of the Mogao Grottoes. By putting on a virtual reality headset (耳机), visitors can have a tour exactly as they are in reality and get more information. Moreover, the visitors can view paintings without standing near them or touching them, which helps protect the Mogao Grottoes. So we can keep a better balance between protection and visit. The tour brings a really new experience. When people visit the place, they not only get the real grotto but also can better enjoy the beautiful painting art through the high-tech experience. Schools are also using this technology to help students learn about history safely and interactively (交互式地). In future, Huawei will continue to develop a more colorful virtual experience for more and more visitors. 1．How long have scientists used digital technology to study the Mogao Grottoes? 2．How can virtual reality technology help protect the Mogao Grottoes? 3．How can virtual reality technology help you learn about history in school? Please give an example. (No more than 25 words) 【答案】1．For over 30 years. 2．By allowing the visitors to view paintings without standing near them or touching them. 3．We can have a virtual tour of historical sites like the Mogao Grottoes in class. 【导语】 本文主要讲述了科学家与华为通过数字技术和虚拟现实技术，对莫高窟进行数字化保护和展示，既减少对文物的破坏，又为公众和学生提供了沉浸式的文化体验与学习方式。 【详解】1．根据“Since the early 1990s, scientists have used digital (数码的) technology to collect information about the Mogao Grottoes (洞穴) in Gansu Province.”可知，自20世纪90年代初以来，科学家们就开始使用数字技术收集甘肃省莫高窟的信息，至今已有30多年。故填For over 30 years. 2．根据“Moreover, the visitors can view paintings without standing near them or touching them, which helps protect the Mogao Grottoes.”可知，通过允许参观者在不靠近或触摸画作的情况下观看画作来保护莫高窟。故填By allowing the visitors to view paintings without standing near them or touching them. 3．开放性习题，言之有理即可。参考答案为We can have a virtual tour of historical sites like the Mogao Grottoes in class. 主题04 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南通如皋市·期末)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Chopsticks (or kuaizi in Chinese) are a kind of common tableware in the world. They are widely used in Asia and overseas Chinese Community. Chopsticks are also one of the symbols of Chinese food culture. There are many stories about who may have invented them. About 3000 years ago, our ancestor called Dayu who helped people fight against floods. He was always busy and often ate in the wild. To save time, he used two branches to get the food. He found this way was more convenient than using hands. People followed him to use chopsticks to eat. In fact, the earliest chopsticks were invented more than 3,000 years ago, dating back to the Shang Dynasty. Around 500 A．D．, the use of chopsticks spread from China to some countries in Asia like Japan, Vietnam and Korea. Chopsticks are usually 7 cun and 6 fen long. Cun and fen are Chinese units of measurement. 7 cun 6 fen is about 25.3333333 cm. They are round at one end and squared at the other. In ancient times, the wealthy had their chopsticks made of silver, gold, jade or other precious materials. Nowadays, they are made from different materials. Although chopsticks are ordinary sticks, there is some Chinese philosophy (哲学) in them. The round end stands for the sky and the squared end stands for the earth. They are always used in pairs which is full of Chinese best wishes. Chinese like even numbers (偶数) because pair in Chinese is a very lucky word. So a pair of chopsticks can be used as the wedding gift. It means “to have a smart baby soon”. Meanwhile, there are some customs to use chopsticks while eating. Remember not to use chopsticks to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make a lot of noise. Never use them to point at others or to put them into rice directly. They are considered as impolite manners. Chopsticks are commonly used in Chinese daily life, but they are full of Chinese culture. 1．When were the earliest chopsticks invented? 2．What are chopsticks usually like? 3．Why do Chinese people like using chopsticks in pair? 4．What is the purpose of writing this passage? 5．What can you learn about chopsticks from this passage?（请自拟一句话作答） 【答案】1．More than 3,000 years ago. 2．Chopsticks are usually 7cun and 6 fen long./Chopsticks are round at one end and squared at the other. 3．Because pair in Chinese is a very lucky word. 4．To introduce chopsticks. 5．Chopsticks are commonly used in Chinese daily life, but they are full of Chinese culture. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了筷子的历史、外形、文化寓意、使用习俗等，展现筷子蕴含的中国文化。 【详解】1．根据“In fact, the earliest chopsticks were invented more than 3,000 years ago, dating back to the Shang Dynasty.”可知，最早的筷子发明于3000多年前，故填More than 3,000 years ago. 2．根据“Chopsticks are usually 7 cun and 6 fen long...They are round at one end and squared at the other.”可知，筷子通常长七寸六分，它们一端是圆形的，另一端是方形的。故填Chopsticks are usually 7 cun and 6 fen long./Chopsticks are round at one end and squared at the other. 3．根据“Chinese like even numbers (偶数) because pair in Chinese is a very lucky word.”可知，中国人喜欢偶数，因为“双”在中文里是个非常吉利的词，所以中国人喜欢成对使用筷子。故填Because pair in Chinese is a very lucky word. 4．文章从历史、外形、文化哲学、使用习俗等多方面介绍筷子，结尾“Chopsticks are commonly used in Chinese daily life, but they are full of Chinese culture.”点明主旨，所以本文目的是为了介绍筷子。故填To introduce chopsticks. 5．开放性问答，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Chopsticks are commonly used in Chinese daily life, but they are full of Chinese culture. Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏盐城·期末)阅读并回答问题。 Narrow lanes (小巷) are very common in China. They are usually about two metres wide, or six chi in traditional Chinese units. Most of them are nothing special. But Liu Chi Xiang (Six-chi Lane) in Tongcheng, Anhui, may be the most famous one. Its story started back in the Qing Dynasty. Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued (争论) about the narrow lane between their houses. They couldn’t reach an agreement. The Zhang family were angry. Their relative, Zhang Ying, was a Daxueshi who held great power in the government. They wrote him a letter to ask for advice. When his reply came, they opened it to find a poem inside. A letter from far away just for a wall. Is not right or good at all. Three chi to your neighbour as a gift Is nothing as time continues to drift. After reading it, the Zhang family felt ashamed. They stepped back three chi for their neighbour. This act deeply moved the Wu family. In return, they gave up another three chi. And so came the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses. Hundreds of years has passed since then, and the lane is still there. The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind. Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．What did the two families argue about in the story? 2．Why did the Zhangs write a letter to Zhang Ying? 3．What was the “gift” in the poem? 4．What did the Wu family do in the end? 5．What will people remember when they walk down Six-chi Lane? 【答案】1．The narrow lane. 2．To ask for advice. 3．Three chi. 4．Gave up another three chi. 5．Kindness encourages kindness. 【导语】本文讲述了安徽桐城六尺巷的由来，清朝时张、吴两家因巷争论，张家人张英以诗劝和，双方各让三尺，传承善意传递的故事。 1．根据“Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued (争论) about the narrow lane between their houses.”可知，两家人争论的是房子间的小巷。故填The narrow lane. 2．根据“They wrote him a letter to ask for advice.”可知，张家写信是为寻求建议。故填To ask for advice.   3． 根据“Three chi to your neighbour as a gift”可知，诗中的“礼物”是三尺地。故填Three chi. 4．根据“In return, they gave up another three chi.”可知，吴家最后让出三尺。故填Gave up another three chi. 5．根据“they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.”可知，人们会记得善意如何激发更多善意。故填Kindness encourages kindness. Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京秦淮七校·期末)阅读短文并回答问题。（注意：每题答案不超过6个词） Many Westerners think that everyone in China knows how to do kung fu. This is, of course, a silly belief. But it is true that kung fu is a big part of Chinese culture. Like most people from the West, I was first introduced to kung fu through Hong Kong action films. Some Chinese kung fu stars like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan made kung fu popular in the Western world. The cool and impressive performances they gave in films like Rumble In The Bronx and Enter The Dragon made them household names in the US and elsewhere. However, my own personal interest in kung fu was actually encouraged by a hip-hop group. Wu-Tang Clan, founded in the early 1990s in New York City, is one of the most famous hip-hop groups in history. In their songs, they sometimes mention philosophical concepts (哲学理念) that come from wudang quan—the style of Chinese martial arts from which they take their name—and the Shaolin Monastery. I was just a teenager when I first started listening to Wu-Tang Clan—little did I know that I would actually end up living in China later in my life! I myself do not practice kung fu. However, the concepts behind it are quite interesting to me. There is a Bruce Lee quote that I often think of when I’m struggling with challenges in life. “Be formless, shapeless, like water,” he once said. By this, he meant that you should be ready to change your attitudes (态度) or beliefs (信念) when you face difficulties. I think this is a good way to deal with life. 1．Who made kung fu popular in the Western world? 2．What was the writer’s personal interest in kung fu encouraged by? 3．When did the writer first start listening to Wu-Tang Clan? 4．How does the writer face difficulties? 5．What do you think of kung fu after reading this passage? 【答案】1．Some Chinese kung fu stars. 2．A hip-hop group. 3．When he was a teenager. 4．Change attitudes or beliefs. 5．回答合理即可。参考答案：It’s part of Chinese culture. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者围绕自己与中国功夫的关联展开叙述，分享了自己接触和了解功夫的经历以及功夫对自己的影响。 1．根据“Some Chinese kung fu stars like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan made kung fu popular in the Western world.”可知，是一些中国功夫明星让功夫在西方世界流行起来。故填Some Chinese kung fu stars. 2．根据“However, my own personal interest in kung fu was actually encouraged by a hip-hop group.”可知，作者对功夫的个人兴趣是被一个嘻哈团体激发的。故填A hip-hop group. 3．根据“I was just a teenager when I first started listening to Wu-Tang Clan”可知，作者在青少年时期开始听武当派的歌。故填When he was a teenager. 4．根据“There is a Bruce Lee quote that I often think of when I’m struggling with challenges in life. ‘Be formless, shapeless, like water,’ he once said. By this, he meant that you should be ready to change your attitudes or beliefs when you face difficulties.”可知，作者面对困难时会准备好改变态度或信念。故填Change attitudes or beliefs. 5．回答合理即可。参考答案：It’s part of Chinese culture.     主题01 人与自我——方法/策略 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京建邺区新城中学·期末)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格里填入最恰当的内容。 Lots of people enjoy watching sports games in the world. But first of all, you need to know about audience manners. Actually, most sporting arenas (竞技场) have rules for the audience written on the back of the tickets. Read your ticket carefully before your arrival. Try to reach your seat half an hour before the start of the event. When the games begin, try to control yourself. Don’t say bad words about the players and coaches’ performance. Be careful with your words because some of them may make others angry. Clapping is a special body language you can use to communicate with players, but you should do it properly. When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them, but don’t go on for too long. After an excellent performance, clap warmly. If someone fails, your clapping will help them feel better. Clapping is not welcome, however, while players need to keep their attention. Different sports have different rules for the audience. Enjoy artistic gymnastics in silence. But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players. When you watch table tennis games, you can’t use your flash photography. Don’t use mobile phones in shooting centers, either. To be a better audience, you should spare time to learn about the rules and the culture of each event.注意：1-8题每个空格只填1个单词：9-10题词数不限。 Topic Ways to 1 your audience manners Time Before the game * Read the rules on the back of your ticket carefully before you 2 . * Reach your seat 30 minutes before the starting time of the event. During the game * Pay attention to 3 you say, which may cause anger among other people in the audience. Clapping * Don’t clap your hands for too long when 4 the players. * Clap warmly if players perform well. * Clap your hands to 5 the players if they fail. * 6 clapping your hands when players are keeping their attention. Rules for different games Artistic gymnastics Keep quiet. Basketball and football 7 loudly. Table tennis Don’t use the flash. Shooting centers Mobile phones are not 8 in shooting centers. Conclusion An audience needs to spend time learning about rules for each event. Further thinking * Do you think audience manners are important while watching sports games? Why or why not? 9 * Please list at least one sports game you know. 10 【答案】 1．improve 2．arrive 3．what 4．welcoming 5．cheer 6．Avoid 7．Cheer 8．allowed 9．示例：Yes, I think audience manners are important. Good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect to players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.（答案不唯一，合理阐述观点即可） 10．示例：The Olympic Games. It includes various sports like swimming, running, and gymnastics, attracting athletes and audiences worldwide every four years.（答案不唯一，列举熟悉的赛事并简单说明即可） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了看体育比赛时的观众礼仪。 1．根据“Lots of people enjoy watching sports games in the world. First, you need to know about audience manners .”及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了提高观众礼仪的方法。故填improve。 2．根据“Read your ticket carefully before your arrival.”可知，是在到达前仔细阅读门票背面规则，“arrival” 是名词，这里需要动词形式arrive，before you arrive表示“在你到达前”。故填arrive。 3．根据“Be careful with your words because some of them may make others angry.”可知，也就是要注意你所说的内容，what you say“你所说的话”，用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 4．根据“When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them, but don’t go on for too long.”可知，是欢迎球员时鼓掌别太久，“when” 后省略了you are，用现在分词welcoming，构成 when welcoming the players表示“当欢迎球员时”。故填welcoming。 5．根据“If someone fails, your clapping will help them feel better.”，可知鼓掌能让失败的球员振作，cheer...up表示“使……振作”，这里用cheer，clap your hands to cheer the players“拍手让球员振作”。故填cheer。 6．根据“Clapping is not welcome, however, while players need to keep their attention.”可知，球员需集中注意力时，“避免；不要” 鼓掌，avoid避免，祈使句用动词原形，句首字母大写。故填Avoid。 7．根据“But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players.”可知，篮球和足球比赛时要 “Cheer”，祈使句用动词原形 。故填Cheer。 8．根据“Don't use mobile phones in shooting centers, either.”可知，射击场不 “允许” 用手机，allowed表示“允许 ”，这里是被动语态 “be not allowed” 。故填allowed。 9． 开放性试题，回答合理即可。示例：Yes, I think audience manners are important. Good audience manners can create a positive atmosphere for the game, show respect to players and coaches, and make the watching experience better for everyone.（答案不唯一，合理阐述观点即可） 10．开放性试题，回答合理即可。示例：The Olympic Games. It includes various sports like swimming, running, and gymnastics, attracting athletes and audiences worldwide every four years.（答案不唯一，列举熟悉的赛事并简单说明即可） Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京联合体·期末)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格里填入最恰当的内容。注意：1-7题每个空格只填1个单词：8-9题词数不限。 Tracking (跟踪) some 65,000 miles across 45 countries, Christopher Schacht’s international bestseller Around the World on 50 Bucks (元) was translated into English by Janet Gesme. As a translator, musician and mother of two, Janet Gesme speaks English, German, Russian, and Spanish. She fully understands Christopher’s intentions (意图) and has managed to express each idea in his voice. We recently had the chance to interview Gesme, who provided us with some fantastic insights. How does a US/English-speaking reader differ from a European/German-speaking one? The German-speaking readers are usually more patient and willing to read longer texts for a better understanding of an idea. But that is not the case with Christopher Schacht’s book. He writes quick, exciting, short stories that make you laugh and make your eyes pop out in surprise. There was no need to change the style: his writing is exactly what an English-speaking reader loves. What were the challenges or joys of translating Around the World on 50 Bucks? First, we were on a short timeline, so I needed to translate the whole book in three months. That meant a lot of late nights. The second challenge was Christopher’s sense of humour. Some of his humour is based on German culture that is very hard to translate. This leads into the joys as well. Christopher and I communicated online weekly while translating the book. We brainstormed together on how to find English equivalents (对应词) for the German style of humour. One of the themes of this book is communicating through barriers. From your point of view, how would someone interested in travelling best learn a new language in a strange place? Christopher has great tips for this in the book: Use apps and dictionaries to learn as many words ahead of time as possible. When travelling, you often have to wait a lot. This is the perfect time to learn. Then talk to people. You will make mistakes and it will be hard, but it is helpful and you’ll gain a lot. Janet Gesme and Around the World on 50 Bucks About the book It is about Christopher Schacht’s 1 around 45 countries, which covered 65,000 miles. Its original version (最初版本) is in German. About the translator Janet Gesme is a translator, musician and a mother of two. She understands Christopher’s intentions and has 2 expressed each idea in his voice in English. About the book translation The differences between readers · The German-speaking readers are more patient and willing to read longer texts. · Schacht's short writing exactly 3 the habits of English-speaking readers, so Gesme could translate the book without changing the style. The challenges and joys Janet Gesme had to stay up late to translate the book.She had 4 in translating Christopher's humour. The joys came from the online 5 with Christopher, which means they brainstormed together. About Gesme’s tips The way to pick up a new language · Learn words with the 6 of apps and dictionaries before you travel. Learn while 7 during your travel. Talk to people and learn from mistakes. What other ways can also help you learn new words well? 8 From the interview with Gesme, what ability do you think a translator should have? 9 【答案】1．travel 2．successfully 3．matches 4．difficulty 5．communication 6．help 7．waiting 8．Watching English movies or TV shows. (言之有理即可) 9．The ability to understand the original author’s intentions and express them accurately in the target language. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要围绕Janet Gesme翻译Christopher Schacht的《Around the World on 50 Bucks》这本书展开，介绍了书的相关信息、翻译过程中的情况、书中提到的学习新语言的方法，还提出了关于学习新单词和翻译人员应具备能力的问题。 【详解】1．根据“Tracking (跟踪) some 65,000 miles across 45 countries, Christopher Schacht’s international bestseller Around the World on 50 Bucks (元)”可知，这本书是关于Christopher Schacht在45个国家的旅行，故填travel。 2．根据“She fully understands Christopher’s intentions (意图) and has managed to express each idea in his voice.”可知，她成功地在英语中用他的声音表达了每个想法，“成功”用successfully，修饰动词expressed，故填successfully。 3．根据“There was no need to change the style: his writing is exactly what an English-speaking reader loves.”可知，Schacht的短篇写作正好符合说英语读者的习惯，所以Gesme可以不用改变风格来翻译这本书，“符合”用match，主语是Schacht's short writing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填matches。 4．根据“The second challenge was Christopher’s sense of humour. Some of his humour is based on German culture that is very hard to translate.”可知，Janet Gesme在翻译Christopher的幽默方面有困难，“有困难做某事”用have difficulty (in) doing sth.，故填difficulty。 5．根据“Christopher and I communicated online weekly while translating the book. We brainstormed together on how to find English equivalents (对应词) for the German style of humour.”可知，快乐来自于和Christopher的在线交流，也就是一起头脑风暴，“交流”用communication，故填communication。 6．根据“Use apps and dictionaries to learn as many words ahead of time as possible.”可知，在旅行前借助应用程序和字典学习单词，“借助”用with the help of，故填help。 7．根据“When travelling, you often have to wait a lot. This is the perfect time to learn.”可知，在旅行中等待的时候学习，“等待”用wait，while后接动词-ing形式，故填waiting。 8．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为Watching English movies or TV shows. 9．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为The ability to understand the original author’s intentions and express them accurately in the target language. Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏省南京市鼓楼区·期末)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：1-8小题每个空格只填一个单词。 Poetry is a creative way to express your ideas and views in words. Many writers enjoy poetry because there are no real rules to writing a poem. Even so, there are some useful guidelines (指导原则) that can help you write poetry. Here’s how to get started. Keep reading The best way to become a better writer is to be a reader first. Reading poets’ works can help you find out what kind of poetry you might like to write. Ask a teacher for advice, or visit your local library and ask a librarian to guide you to the poetry section. Pick a subject When thinking about what to write, you can start by looking for people and things around you. Spending some time thinking about what you love is also useful. Moreover, you can draw inspiration (灵感) from ideas and subjects that make a difference to you, such as saving animals or protecting the planet. Consider types of poetry Common styles are rhyming and free verse. With rhyming, you can make the first line rhyme with the second, the third line rhyme with the fourth, and so on. With free verse, you can rhyme or not rhyme at all. Start writing Keep writing down touching things on a small notebook, from colours to smells to sounds. From there, you can start writing your poem. Once you have a draft ready, you can put it away for a day. Then read your poem again and make it better until you’re happy with it. Share it with someone After you finish your poem, read it to a family member, a teacher, or even your pet. Reading a poem out loud can bring it to life. Follow the guidelines, and you will become a poet-to-be! Introduction Poetry has no real rules, 1 useful guidelines can help with your writing. 2 on writing your own poetry Keep reading ●The first 3 to be a poet is to be a reader. ●To learn what to read, you can ask teachers or 4 books on poetry. Pick a subject ●The subject 5 on what is around you, what you love, and what is important to you. Consider types ●Knowing the differences 6 rhyming and free verse is also helpful. Start writing ●You can collect touching things, start writing, and 7 the poem. Share with someone ●Reading your poem out loud to someone can make it 8 . Your ideas Who is your favourite poet? 9 Why do you like him/ her? (At least five words) 10 【答案】 1．but 2．Guidelines 3．step 4．librarians 5．depends 6．between 7．revise/improve 8．alive 9．Li Bai. 10．Because he is talented. 【导语】本文主要介绍了创作诗歌的实用指导原则。 1．根据“Many writers enjoy poetry because there are no real rules to writing a poem. Even so, there are some useful guidelines (指导原则) that can help you write poetry.”可知，诗歌没有真正的规则，但有用的指南可以帮助你的写作。前后为转折关系，且空前有逗号，用表示转折关系的连词but连接。故填but。 2．根据“there are some useful guidelines (指导原则) that can help you write poetry. Here’s how to get started.”；“Keep reading”以及“Pick a subject”可知，此处需概括后文5条建议的总标题。即写自己的诗的指南。guideline“指南”，有五条，用复数的guidelines，首字母大写。故填Guidelines。 3．根据“Keep reading”和“The best way to become a better writer is to be a reader first”可知，成为诗人的第一步是阅读。step“步骤”，可数名词，此处指第一步，用单数。故填step。 4．根据“Keep reading”和“Ask a teacher for advice, or visit your local library and ask a librarian to guide you to the poetry section.”可知，要知道该读什么，你可以向老师或图书管理员请教诗歌方面的书籍。librarian“图书管理员”，可数名词，前无冠词修饰，用复数的librarians。故填librarians。 5．根据“When thinking about what to write, you can start by looking for people and things around you. Spending some time thinking about what you love is also useful.”可知，主题取决于周围事物、个人喜好及重要议题。描述事实用一般现在时。空处位于主语“The subject”后，动词用三单形式。depend on“依赖”，指客观上取决于周围事物、个人喜好及重要议题，depend的三单形式为depends。故填depends。 6．根据“Consider types”和“Common styles are rhyming and free verse. With rhyming, you can make the first line rhyme with the second, the third line rhyme with the fourth, and so on.”可知，知道押韵诗和自由诗之间的区别也是有帮助的。between…and…“在……和……之间”。故填between。 7．根据“Keep writing down touching things on a small notebook, from colours to smells to sounds. From there, you can start writing your poem. Once you have a draft ready, you can put it away for a day. Then read your poem again and make it better until you’re happy with it.”可知，完成初稿后需修改或改进，直至自己满意。空处与“collect”和“start”位于“can”后，是并列谓语，填动词原形。revise“修改”，动词；improve“改进”，动词。故填revise/improve。 8．根据“Reading a poem out loud can bring it to life.”可知，朗读能使诗歌充满活力。make sth+形容词“使某物……”，空处填形容词作宾语补足语。alive“充满活力的”，形容词。故填alive。 9．开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可，参考答案为Li Bai. 10．开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可，参考答案为Because he is talented. 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京六合区·期末)阅读短文，根据所读内容，在文章后表格的空格里填入一个恰当的单词和回答问题，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-9的相应位置上。 注意： 1-8每个空格只能填1个单词。9小题词数不限。 Have you ever bumped into someone and their name just doesn’t come to you? Or, you walk into a room and suddenly can’t recall why you’re there? We can’t live without forgetting! Being forgetful can be really annoying, sometimes even embarrassing (尴尬). But what if I told you that there are actually good reasons for our memories fading away? In a BBC interview, scientist Charan Ranganath uses an analogy (类比). We don’t want to store everything we’ve ever owned in our house. Then, we don’t need to store all our memories either. He says, “If we didn’t forget anything, we’d be storing memories, and you’d never be able to find what you want, when you want it. ” For example, you don’t need to remember the hotel number weeks after you’ve left the hotel or memorize all the faces you pass on the street. We also need to be able to forget things in order to update our memories with new information. Imagine (想象)you get used to the same school timetable or work schedule (日程) for a whole year, but the next year, these all change. Your brain needs to be flexible (灵活) and forget details that are of no or little importance in order to handle the new information. And, if you’ve ever believed that you know a word, but it just doesn’t pop into your head, you’re not alone. This tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (现象) may suggest that some things are not fully forgotten, just can’t be easily picked up at one moment. Those with a higher level of knowledge are more affected by this, because their brains have to sort through more information to find the word. In the article “Forgetfulness: Why your mind going blank can be a benefit”, the authors tell us that forgetting “is like a house we hide deep in the woods, and becomes harder and harder to find. ” Interesting 1 about Forgetting Forgetting is 2 of our life. Being forgetful can make one annoyed and even embarrassed, but our memories fade away for some good 3 . No need to store all memories According to Charan Ranganath, Our brain may work in a way 4 to a house. We would 5 to find what we want from memories if we didn’t forget and stored too much information. Updating memories     To handle new information, our brain needs to be flexible to forget 6 details. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon It suggests that we haven’t fully forgotten something, but have 7 picking it up at one moment. An analogy Forgetting is like a house 8 deep in the woods that becomes harder and harder to find. 1. According to the passage, forgetting can be a house that becomes harder and harder to find. How do you understand the analogy? 9 【答案】1．Facts 2．part 3．reasons 4．similar 5．fail 6．unimportant 7．trouble/problem/problems/difficulties/difficulty 8．hidden 9．As time goes by, we may forget lots of things, but forgetting makes it possible for us to learn new things. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了人们为何会遗忘以及遗忘的益处。 1．通读文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了一些关于遗忘的有趣事实，fact“事实”，此处不止一条事实，用复数形式，作为标题，首字母大写。故填Facts。 2．根据文章内容“Have you ever bumped into someone and their name just doesn’t come to you? Or, you walk into a room and suddenly can’t recall why you’re there? We can’t live without forgetting! ”可知，遗忘是我们是生活中的一部分。故填part。 3．根据“But what if I told you that there are actually good reasons for our memories fading away? ”可知，记忆消退其实是有充分理由，reason“理由”，some后接可数名词复数形式。故填reasons。 4．根据“In a BBC interview, scientist Charan Ranganath uses an analogy (类比). We don’t want to store everything we’ve ever owned in our house.”可知，Charan Ranganath做了一个类比，我们的大脑就像房子一样那样工作，be similar to意为“与……相似”。故填similar 。 5．根据“If we didn’t forget anything, we’d be storing memories, and you’d never be able to find what you want, when you want it.”可知，如果我们什么都不忘或者储存大量记忆，我们就不能从记忆中找到我们想要的东西，fail to do sth.意为“未能做某事”，would后接动词原形。故填fail。 6．根据“Your brain needs to be flexible (灵活) and forget details that are of no or little importance in order to handle the new information.”可知，大脑很灵活，可以忘记一些不重要的细节，unimportant意为“不重要的”，修饰名词。故填unimportant。 7．根据“This tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon ( 现象) may suggest that some things are not fully forgotten, just can’t be easily picked up at one moment. ”可知，“舌尖现象”可能表明，某些记忆并非完全遗忘，只是暂时无法被顺利提取，也就是在提取上有困难或有问题。故填trouble/problem(s)/difficulties/difficulty。 8．根据“the authors tell us that forgetting ‘is like a house we hide deep in the woods, and becomes harder and harder to find.’”可知，遗忘就像一座我们深藏在树林里的小屋。hide“隐藏”，此处应该用过去分词作定语。故填hidden。 9．结合文章内容可知，遗忘是有好处的，随着时间的流逝我们可能会忘记一些事情，但这也可以为我们学习新事物腾出空间，让我们学习新事物变得可能。故填As time goes by, we may forget lots of things, but forgetting makes it possible for us to learn new things.。 Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏泰州海陵区·期末)阅读短文，在表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填1个单词。 When we turn on the tap and hot water comes out, do you know the development of the invention? The earliest baths appeared around 4,000 years ago and showers were in use about 300 years ago. Today, while others say a bath at night makes them feel relaxed and have a good sleep. Are baths better than showers? Having a bath is relaxing while showers are quick. Which should we choose? People have discussed about this. Let’s have a closer look. Yes—a bath washes the mind and body Baths are about much more than cleanliness. They are places to relax and you can think about the coming day so that you can plan tomorrow well there. You will have to do nothing in a bath but read or eat if you want. Most people have been used to bathing since they were born. For the first few years of a person’s life, they are bathed before bed,not showered. No—showers are quick and cheap The cost of baths is more than that of showers. Experts recently worked out that a year of two baths a day costs £438 but a year of two showers a day costs just £161. Baths are more expensive. Showers are better for the environment because they use less water and energy. What’s more, showers are efficient when you don't have much time in the morning. You just need 3 minutes to finish it and it means you can stay in bed for an extra time. Now, you’ve learned a bit more about it. You are hoped to scan the QR code in the picture above to join in the discussion and make your choice. Next week, the result will be published. Are baths better than showers? Facts about baths and showers ◆Baths appeared much 1 than showers. ◆People like to have showers in the morning to wake up their body. ◆Others like to have a bath to relax 2 and sleep well at night. A 3 on baths and showers Baths ◆Help to relax and make a good 4 for tomorrow. ◆Do something else, 5 reading,eating and so on. ◆Get used to having a bath since 6 . Showers ◆Help 7 money by having a quick shower. ◆Make a better environment by 8 less water and energy. ◆Stay in bed longer because of just having a 9 shower. Invitation Scan the QR code and vote “Yes” 10 you think baths are better than showers. 【答案】 1．earlier 2．themselves 3．comparison 4．plan 5．like 6．birth 7．save 8．using 9．quick 10．if 【导语】本文主要是对比了泡澡和淋浴的好处。 【详解】1．根据“The earliest baths appeared around 4,000 years ago and showers were in use about 300 years ago.”可知，泡澡的出现要比淋浴早得多。此处应用比较级earlier。故填earlier。 2．根据“Today, while others say a bath at night makes them feel relaxed and have a good sleep.”可知，其他人喜欢泡澡来放松自己，晚上睡个好觉。此处是指放松自己，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 3．根据“Which should we choose? People have discussed about this. Let’s have a closer look.”和下文可知，人们对泡澡和淋浴做了比较。a后跟单数名词comparison“比较”。故填comparison。 4．根据“They are places to relax and you can think about the coming day so that you can plan tomorrow well there”可知，泡澡可以帮助放松，为明天做一个好的计划。a后跟单数名词plan。故填plan。 5．根据“You will have to do nothing in a bath but read or eat if you want”可知，泡澡的时候做点别的事情，比如读书、吃饭等等。此处表示列举，可以用介词like。故填like。 6．根据“Most people have been used to bathing since they were born”可知，大多数人从小习惯了泡澡。此处since后跟名词birth“出生”。故填birth。 7．根据“The cost of baths is more than that of showers. Experts recently worked out that a year of two baths a day costs £438 but a year of two showers a day costs just £161.”可知，淋浴帮助省钱。save“节省”，help do sth“帮助做某事”。故填save。 8．根据“Showers are better for the environment because they use less water and energy”可知，淋浴可以节约用水和能源，创造更美好的环境。by是介词，后跟动名词using。故填using。 9．根据“You just need 3 minutes to finish it and it means you can stay in bed for an extra time.”可知，只要快速冲个澡，就能在床上多待一会儿。此处应用形容词quick作定语。故填quick。 10．根据“Now, you’ve learned a bit more about it. You are hoped to scan the QR code in the picture above to join in the discussion and make your choice. ”可知，如果你认为泡澡比淋浴更好，扫描二维码，投“Yes”。后句是前句的肯定条件，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。 Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏南京玄武区·期末)阅读短文，第1—6题每空一词，第7题答案不超过6个词，第8题词数不限。 Should books always be kept in good condition? How do you treat your books? Do you try not to fold (折叠) a page by using a bookmark? Are you careful not to make a crease (折痕) on the spine of the book when you open it or store your collection neatly (整齐地) on a shelf? Or perhaps you pay less attention to their condition—you’re happy to highlight (做标记) quotes and paragraphs or scribble (涂写) notes down the margins of a page. You take your stories with you wherever you go, even if that means they get a bit dog-eared and damaged (破损的). What’s your view—do you think they should always be kept in good condition? People have been sharing their opinions online about the issue. Yes No Books deserve our respect. It doesn’t matter as long as you read. It is important to care for your books. This is especially true if the book costs a lot of money, or was given to you as a present. If you don’t look after your books, people might not buy them for you in the future. They also won’t last so long if they are damaged. If a book is full of ripped pages, or has a damaged cover, it is less likely that a friend will want to pick it up and read it, so you won’t be able to share your favourite stories. If you donate it to a charity shop, it is less likely that someone will buy it. Over time, treating books badly could become a bad habit. If you damage novels that you’ve borrowed from the library or a friend, you might end up with a fine—or an upset friend. One of the great things about an actual book is that readers can make it their own with notes. If it’s a gift, you can write a nice message. These little scribbles are great to return to and can make a book feel personal and special to you. It doesn’t matter if this means that a book isn’t in perfect condition—you can always buy a new copy if the old one gets too damaged. In the end, it should just be about what makes reading a book most enjoyable for each person. Authors just want people to read their stories; they don’t mind how or where people do it. If a reader should happen to damage their copy along the way, it doesn’t really matter. Topic Should books always be kept in good condition? Different ways to treat books ●Use a bookmark to 1 folding a page. ●Try to prevent the spine from creasing. ●Store your collection in a 2 way on a shelf. ●Highlight quotes and paragraphs or scribble notes down the margins. ●Take your stories with you 3 you go. Reasons for keeping books in good condition ●It is important to care for your book if you 4 much money on it or it is a gift. ●Books won’t last long if they are damaged and you will be unable to share your stories. ●If a damaged book is 5 to a charity shop, someone may not buy it. ●Treating books badly could become a bad habit. Reasons 6 keeping books in good condition ●Readers can make an actual book their own with notes. ●These little scribbles make a book feel personal and special to you. ●Authors don’t mind how or where people read books. 7. According to this part, what can you do if the old book gets too damaged? 7 8. In your eyes, should books always be kept in good condition? Why or why not? 8 【答案】1．avoid 2．neat 3．wherever 4．spend 5．donated 6．against 7．I can buy a new copy./ We can buy a new copy. 8．Yes, because books won’t last long if they are damaged. 【导语】本文主要讨论了是否应该好好爱护书本的话题。 1．根据“Do you try not to fold a page by using a bookmark?”可知，使用书签是为了避免折页；avoid“避免”，不定式符号to后动词用原形。故填avoid。 2．根据“...store your collection neatly on a shelf”可知，将收藏品整齐地摆放在架子上；neat“整齐的”，形容词作定语。故填neat。 3．根据“You take your stories with you wherever you go”可知，无论走到哪里，你都带着你的故事，wherever“无论哪里”，连词。故填wherever。 4．根据“It is important to care for your books. This is especially true if the book costs a lot of money...”可知，如果这本书花了很多钱，爱护它会显得尤为重要；sb. spend some money on sth.“某人在某物上花费多少钱”，本句为主语是第二人称的一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填spend。 5．根据“If you donate it to a charity shop, it is less likely that someone will buy it.”可知，如果你把损坏的书捐给慈善商店，别人可能不会买它；donate“捐赠”，本句主语是谓语动词的动作承受者，应用被动语态表达，所以动词用过去分词。故填donated。 6．根据“Readers can make an actual book their own with notes.”和“These little scribbles make a book feel personal and special to you.”可知，此处在讲述反对将书籍保持完好的理由；against“反对”，介词。故填against。 7．根据“It doesn’t matter if this means that a book isn’t in perfect condition—you can always buy a new copy if the old one gets too damaged.”可知，如果旧书破损得很厉害，可以再买本新的。故填I can buy a new copy./ We can buy a new copy. 8．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为Yes, because books won’t last long if they are damaged. 主题03 人与自我——意见/建议 Passage 1 (24-25八年级下·江苏泰州泰兴市·期末)阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。（注意：每个空格只填一个单词） The Body Mass Index (BMI) is an index (指数) that shows if a person has a healthy body weight. For healthy adults in China, a usual BMI is between 18.5 and 23.9. A BMI between 24 and 27.9 is thought to be overweight. A BMI of 28 or even higher is thought to be obese (肥胖的). Being overweight or even obese can easily lead to many health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart trouble and other serious illnesses. According to the National Health Commission (NHC), by 2030, Chinese adults will face a serious problem—about 70.5% of them in China could be overweight and 31.8% of children could face the same problem. Now, the government of China is working on the problem. Lei Haichao, head of the NHC, talked about a three-year program across the country during this year’s two sessions (两会) to help people manage their weight and encourage a healthier lifestyle. This program focuses (专注) on advising people to eat well, take exercise, and keep a healthy weight. We can also take Shanghai as an example. The city plans to develop a “Weight Management Health Guide” for its 25 million residents (居民). A team of experts (专家) in health, food, and sports will work together to finish the guide. It will offer advice not only about diet management and exercise plans, but also about good sleeping habits and medical help. Moreover, AI technology will be used to complete this task. Health experts suggest (建议) eating a mix of healthy foods, including rice, vegetables, meat and milk, and trying to achieve a balance (平衡) among them. Eating until 70% or 80% full is suggested for long-term weight control. To avoid putting on weight, it is also important to keep good sleeping habits because staying up late can lead to unhealthy eating habits and weight gain. China is on its way to managing weightScientific basis·The higher a person’s BMI is, the 1 he/ she may be. ·Overweight or obesity makes people’s health risks (风险) 2 greatly. China’s overweight problem·By 2030, Chinese people’s weight problem will be very 3 . Actions·The NHC is working on a three-year program. ·The program offers public 4 on eating well, exercising and keeping a healthy weight. A(an) 5 ·Shanghai will develop a “Weight Management Health Guide” for its residents with the 6 of experts and AI technology. The guide includes diet management and exercise plans as 7 as good sleeping habits and medical help. Advice·Eat 8 healthy foods. · 9 eating when you’re 70% or 80% full. · 10 good sleeping habits is also important. 【答案】 1．fatter/heavier/unhealthier 2．rise/grow/increase 3．serious/common 4．advice/suggestions/tips 5．example 6．help 7．well 8．mixed/different/balanced 9．Stop 10．Keeping 【导语】本文主要讲述了通过BMI指数说明超重和肥胖对健康的影响，指出中国到2030年面临的严重超重问题，介绍了政府和城市采取的应对措施以及健康专家给出的关于体重管理的建议 。 1．根据“A BMI of 28 or even higher is thought to be obese (肥胖的).”可知，一个人的BMI指数越高，他/她可能越肥胖。故填fatter/heavier/unhealthier。 2．根据“Being overweight or even obese can easily lead to many health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart trouble and other serious illnesses.”可知，超重或肥胖会使人们的健康风险大大增加。故填rise/grow/increase。 3．根据“According to the National Health Commission (NHC), by 2030, Chinese adults will face a serious problem—about 70.5% of them in China could be overweight and 31.8% of children could face the same problem.”可知，到2030年，中国人的体重问题将非常严重。故填serious/common。 4．根据“This program focuses (专注) on advising people to eat well, take exercise, and keep a healthy weight.”可知，这个项目为公众提供关于合理饮食、锻炼和保持健康体重的建议。故填advice/suggestions/tips。 5．根据“We can also take Shanghai as an example.”可知，此处是关于上海采取的行动示例，故填example 。 6．根据“A team of experts (专家) in health, food, and sports will work together to finish the guide. Moreover, AI technology will be used to complete this task.”可知，上海将在专家和人工智能技术的帮助下为居民制定《体重管理健康指南》。故填help。 7．根据“It will offer advice not only about diet management and exercise plans, but also about good sleeping habits and medical help.”可知，“not only...but also...”等同于“as well as”，表示“也，和……一样”。故填well。 8．根据“Health experts suggest (建议) eating a mix of healthy foods”可知，要吃各种各样的健康食物。故填mixed/different/balanced。 9．根据“Eating until 70% or 80% full is suggested for long-term weight control.”可知，当吃到七八分饱时就停止进食。故填Stop。 10．根据“To avoid putting on weight, it is also important to keep good sleeping habits”可知，保持良好的睡眠习惯也很重要。故填Keeping。 Passage 2 (24-25八年级下·江苏南通市区·期末)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 In cities, a growing number of people are turning their homes into small green gardens by keeping houseplants. According to a recent survey, about 65% of the families have at least three plants in their living spaces. There are several reasons why indoor gardening has become so popular in the city. First, plants help make indoor air clean. They take in harmful things from the air and give out fresh oxygen. Second, looking after plants brings a sense of achievement, especially when seeing a small seed grow into a healthy plant. Moreover, plants are beautiful, ever-changing home decorations. Unlike static artworks (静态艺术品), living plants grow and change with the seasons, bringing natural beauty into city flats. However, beginners often face some problems. Some choose unsuitable plants. For example, many beginners buy sun-loving plants like roses but place them in rooms with poor light. Overwatering is another common problem. New growers may water plants too often because they don’t know that most indoor plants prefer drier soil. To help solve the problems, local gardening centers provide free guidance on choosing the right plants for different light conditions and proper watering skills. With the right knowledge, anyone can achieve success in home gardening. Moreover, many neighborhood communities have started plant exchange programs to share advice with beginners. Some schools have even added plant care into their life skills courses. With these helpful resources, anyone in the city can develop a green thumb and enjoy the journey of growing alongside your plants. Why not begin your own indoor gardening adventure today? 1．What are differences between living plants and static artworks? 2．What problems do beginners often face in plant-growing? 3．Why is overwatering bed for indoor plants? 4．How do local gardening centers help solve the beginners’ problems? 5．How can you try to be a green thumb?（请自拟一句话回答） 【答案】1．Living plants grow and change with seasons, while static artworks don’t. 2．Choosing unsuitable plants and overwatering. 3．Because most indoor plants prefer drier soil. 4．By providing free guidance on plant choice and watering skills. 5．I can start by saving water and recycling waste. 【导语】本文介绍城市室内园艺流行原因、初学者问题及解决办法。 【详解】1．根据“Unlike static artworks (静态艺术品), living plants grow and change with the seasons, bringing natural beauty into city flats.”可知，活的植物具备随季节生长变化的特点，静态艺术品没有。故填Living plants grow and change with seasons, while static artworks don’t. 2．根据“However, beginners often face some problems. Some choose unsuitable plants. For example, many beginners buy sun-loving plants like roses but place them in rooms with poor light. Overwatering is another common problem.”可知，明确提到初学者面临选不合适植物和浇水过多的问题。故填Choosing unsuitable plants and overwatering. 3．根据“Overwatering is another common problem. New growers may water plants too often because they don’t know that most indoor plants prefer drier soil.”可知，因多数室内植物偏好干燥土壤，过度浇水不符合其生长需求。故填Because most indoor plants prefer drier soil. 4．根据“To help solve the problems, local gardening centers provide free guidance on choosing the right plants for different light conditions and proper watering skills.”可知，园艺中心通过提供选植物和浇水技巧方面的免费指导来帮忙。故填By providing free guidance on plant choice and watering skills. 5．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为I can start by saving water and recycling waste. Passage 3 (24-25八年级下·江苏镇江句容市·期末)根据短文内容在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词，每空一词。 When we turn on the tap and hot water comes out, do you know the development of the invention? The earliest baths appeared around 4,000 years ago and showers were in use about 300 years ago. Today, others say a bath at night makes them feel relaxed and have a good sleep. Are baths better than showers? Having a bath is relaxing while showers are quick. Which should we choose? People have discussed this. Let’s have a closer look. Yes—a bath washes the mind and body Baths are about much more than cleanliness. They are places to relax and you can think about the coming day so that you can plan tomorrow well there. You will have to do nothing in a bath but read or eat if you want. Most people have been used to bathing since they were born. For the first few years of a person’s life, they are bathed before bed, not showered. No—showers are quick and cheap The cost of baths is more than that of showers. Experts recently worked out that a year of two baths a day costs £438 but a year of two showers a day costs just £161. Baths are more expensive. Showers are better for the environment because they use less water and energy. What’s more, showers are efficient (有效率的) when you don’t have much time in the morning. You just need 3 minutes to finish it and it means you can stay in bed for extra time. Now, you’ve learned a bit more about it. You are encouraged to scan the QR code in the picture above to join in the discussion and make your choice. Next week, the result will be published. Are baths better than showers? Facts about baths and showers ◆Baths appeared much 1 than showers. ◆People like to have showers in the morning to wake up their bodies. ◆Others like to have a bath to relax 2 and sleep well at night. A comparison on baths and showers Baths ◆Help to relax and make a good 3 for tomorrow. ◆Do something else, 4 reading and eating. ◆Get used to having a bath since 5 . Showers ◆Help 6 money by having a quick shower. ◆Make a better environment by 7 less water and energy. ◆Stay in bed longer because of just having a 8 shower. 9 Scan the QR code and 10 “Yes” if you think baths are better than showers. 【答案】 1．earlier 2．themselves 3．plan 4．like 5．birth 6．save 7．using 8．three-minute 9．Action 10．choose 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，介绍洗澡和淋浴出现的时间，对比两者的优缺点，鼓励读者扫码参与关于哪种方式更好的讨论。 1．根据“The earliest baths appeared around 4,000 years ago and showers were in use about 300 years ago.”可知，洗澡比淋浴出现得早很多，故填earlier。 2．根据“others say a bath at night makes them feel relaxed and have a good sleep”可知，泡澡能让“他们自己”放松，主语是others，反身代词用themselves，故填themselves。 3．根据“They are places to relax and you can think about the coming day so that you can plan tomorrow well there.”可知，洗澡有助于放松并为明天做好计划，故填plan。 4．根据“You will have to do nothing in a bath but read or eat if you want.”可知，在洗澡时可以做其他事情，比如读书或吃东西，故填like。 5．根据“Most people have been used to bathing since they were born”可知，人们从 “出生” 起就习惯泡澡，since birth 与 since they were born 同义，故填birth。 6．根据“The cost of baths is more than that of showers. Experts recently worked out that a year of two baths a day costs £438 but a year of two showers a day costs just £161.”可知，淋浴更省钱，故填save。 7．根据“Showers are better for the environment because they use less water and energy.”可知，淋浴通过使用更少的水和能源对环境更好，故填using。 8．根据“You just need 3 minutes to finish it and it means you can stay in bed for extra time”可知，淋浴只需“3分钟的”时间，此处需形容词修饰shower，three-minute是复合形容词，符合语境，故填three-minute。 9．根据“You are hoped to scan the QR code in the picture above to join in the discussion and make your choice.”可知，这里明确引导读者扫码参与讨论，属于需要执行的一个“行动”，作为小标题首字母大写，故填Action. 10．根据“You are hoped to scan the QR code in the picture above to join in the discussion and make your choice.”可知，这里说如果你认为洗澡比淋浴好就扫描二维码选择“Yes”，故填choose。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $