期末英语模拟卷-新题型2025-2026学年沪教版(五四学制）英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 立足期末综合测评，整合语法词汇、阅读写作模块，以真实情境和跨文化主题为载体，系统考查语言运用与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法|10题|短文语境中考查时态、语态等|语法规则与上下文语义推导结合| |词汇|5+8题|选词填空+词性转换|词汇在文化主题（如丝绸之路）中的语境运用| |阅读|5+6+6+5题|补全对话（成语匹配）、阅读理解（科技/环保）等|信息提取与逻辑推理，关联跨文化理解| |写作|3+1题|翻译+邮件写作|语言输出与思维表达，体现学习能力迁移|

八年级下期末英语模拟卷-新题型（上海市2025-2026学年沪教版五四学制2024版上海专用） Part 2 Grammar and Vocabulary II. Grammar （10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 My name is David and I live in Shanghai. Last year, something exciting happened to me. I ___1___ to take part in a city-wide science competition for the first time. My project was about traditional Chinese medicine. I had always been interested in how ancient people used herbs to treat serious illnesses. My teacher said to me, “You need to decide ___2___ your project more attractive to the judges.” I decided ___3___ some experiments on electricity and its effect on bacteria. I borrowed some equipment from the school lab. ___4___ of the equipment was very old, but it still worked well. My grandfather is good ___5___ traditional medicine and he gave me many useful suggestions. I remembered that he ___6___ me a book about medical discoveries two years ago. That book became my ___7___ most valuable reference. During the experiment, the bacteria ___8___ by a low-heat method I designed. The results were amazing. I thought to myself, “I ___9___ have done it without my grandfather’s help!” When I finally won the first prize, I shouted, “___10___ amazing achievement I have made!” It was truly an unforgettable experience. 1. A. have chosen B. was chosen C. will choose 2. A. how to make B. what to make C. when to make 3. A. do B. doing C. to do 4. A. Some B. Any C. Many 5. A. with B. at C. in 6. A. gives B. has given C. gave 7. A. two B. second C. twice 8. A. killed B. are killed C. were killed 9. A. can’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t 10. A. What B. What an C. How III. 选词填空 （10分） 根据短文内容，从方框中选择适当的单词填空，使短文完整通顺。 harmony economically discover totally ancient The Silk Road was not just a trade route; it was a bridge between civilizations. For centuries, merchants traveled along this ___1___ path to exchange goods and ideas. They could ___2___ new cultures and technologies in distant lands. The exchange of silk, spices, and pottery brought great wealth and promoted cultural ___3___. Many cities along the route developed ___4___, becoming prosperous centers of trade. Today, historians are ___5___ amazed by how this network connected the world long before modern transportation. The spirit of the Silk Road still inspires international cooperation. IV. 词性转换 （8分） 阅读下面短文，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 Marie Curie was a famous ___1___ (science) who made groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity. Her work was not easy, but she was extremely ___2___ (patience) with her experiments. One of her greatest achievements was the ___3___ (discover) of radium. She worked so ___4___ (careful) that she often forgot to eat. The conditions in her lab were ___5___ (badly) than most people could imagine. She often had to do everything by ___6___ (she) because she had few assistants at first. Curie’s story is truly ___7___ (inspire) to young students around the world. Her ___8___ (child) later also achieved great success in science. V. 句型转换 （12分） 根据所给要求用适当的内容完成对话。 Situation: Linda and Emma are having a conversation about saving money. Linda: Hi Emma! Saving money is a good habit for the future, _______1_______? (附加疑问句) Emma: Of course it is! Many students learn to manage their pocket money. Linda: That’s right. _______2_______? (用一般疑问句提问) Emma: Yes, I am! I am now trying to save some money from my pocket money every week. Linda: Wow, that’s great! ________3________? (针对用零花钱做什么提问) Emma: I usually put most of it in my piggy bank, and only spend a little on snacks. Linda: That’s really wise. Why do you keep saving so much? Emma: I save money ________4________. (补全目的状语从句) This is my plan for now. Linda: Oh! Your favourite books! I know you’ve wanted the books for a long time! ___________5___________! (感叹句，表达对计划的赞美) I should learn from you. Emma: Thanks. Managing money in the right way can _______6_______. (连词成句) ( in, make use of, help, our money, us, future, the) Linda: I totally agree with you. Part 3 Reading VI. 阅读理解 A. 补全对话 （10分） 阅读下面的句子，从方框中选择恰当的选项填入空格。 ___1___ Tommy is very interested in AI technology. He often tries to explain how algorithms work to his grandparents, but they just look at him with blank faces. ___2___ Lucy’s mother wants her to practice the piano for three hours every day, even during exam weeks. Lucy feels extremely stressed and her love for music is fading. ___3___ Mike believes that boys are naturally better at math and science than girls, and he often says this aloud in class. ___4___ Kevin’s bicycle was broken. Instead of trying to find the specific problem, he started taking apart every single part of the bike, making the mess bigger. ___5___ Sarah started learning Spanish with great enthusiasm. However, after struggling with verb conjugations for a week, she decided to quit the course. A. Looking at the Sky from the Bottom of a Well. It describes someone with a very narrow or closed mind on things. B. Playing the Qin to a cow. It refers to speaking to the wrong audience who cannot understand you. C. Climbing Trees to Catch Fish. It means doing something in a completely wrong way. D. Adding Feet to a Snake. It means ruining something by overdoing or adding unnecessary things. E. Adding Eyes to a Dragon. It means adding the finishing touch to bring a work of art to life. F. Giving up Halfway. It describes someone who stops trying when facing difficulties. G. Giving the Seedlings a Hand. It warns that excessive help or worry can spoil things. B. 阅读理解 （12分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever wondered why your smartphone’s battery dies faster in cold weather? The answer lies in the chemical reactions inside the battery. Batteries generate power through chemical reactions. Low temperatures slow down these reactions, which means the battery cannot release energy as efficiently as it does at room temperature. That is why you might see your phone’s battery percentage drop from 20% to 5% in minutes when you are outdoors in winter. Most lithium-ion batteries work best at around 20°C to 25°C. Below zero degrees, a battery’s capacity can temporarily decrease by 20% or more. Another factor is that cold weather causes the phone’s screen and internal components to become slightly stiffer, requiring more power to function. To protect your device, experts suggest keeping your phone in an inside pocket close to your body heat. Some people think that charging their phone immediately after coming in from the cold is good, but in fact, you should let the phone warm up to room temperature first to avoid internal damage. As battery technology continues to improve, future phones may not be so sensitive to temperature changes. 1. Why do phone batteries drain quickly in cold weather? A. Because the screen gets bigger. B. Because chemical reactions slow down. C. Because the phone makes more calls. D. Because the weather is too dry. 2. At what temperature do lithium-ion batteries perform best? A. Below 0°C. B. Around 20°C to 25°C. C. Above 35°C. D. Around 15°C. 3. What does the underlined word “stiffer” mean in the passage? A. Softer. B. Harder to move. C. Cheaper. D. Warmer. 4. What is the correct thing to do when bringing a cold phone indoors? A. Charge it immediately. B. Heat it with a hair dryer. C. Wait for it to warm up naturally. D. Turn it off forever. 5. How much might a battery’s capacity drop below zero degrees? A. By 5% only. B. By 50% or more. C. By 20% or more. D. It does not change. 6. What can be the best title for this passage? A. The History of Smartphones. B. How to Save Battery Life in Winter. C. Why Batteries Hate Cold Weather. D. Lithium-ion Battery Production. C. 完形填空 （12分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In a small village in Yunnan, a group of students decided to build a model rocket for a school project. Their teacher, Mr. He, was surprised by their __1__ and hard work. They had no expensive materials, so they used recycled paper and plastic pipes. “Failure is a normal part of the learning process,” Mr. He told them. “Do not be afraid to make a mistake.” The students spent weeks __2__ the rocket’s engine carefully. They learned about physics and air pressure __3__. However, their first launch attempt failed, and the rocket hit a tree. Some students felt __4__ and wanted to give up. But the team leader, Xiaoming, reminded them that success rarely comes easily. They made adjustments __5__ and tested the engine again. Finally, on a sunny morning, the rocket shot high into the sky. The students cheered __6__. Their project not only taught them scientific knowledge but also the true meaning of teamwork and persistence. 1. A. laziness B. creativity C. sadness D. poverty 2. A. destroying B. designing C. ignoring D. borrowing 3. A. independently B. angrily C. weakly D. carelessly 4. A. relaxed B. happy C. disappointed D. surprised 5. A. quickly B. patiently C. luckily D. badly 6. A. silently B. excitedly C. softly D. proudly D. 回答问题 （12分） 阅读下面短文，然后根据要求回答问题。 Space tourism is no longer just a dream. Companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin have successfully sent civilians into space, allowing people to experience weightlessness and see the Earth from above. However, a ticket for such a trip currently costs millions of dollars, making it accessible only to the super-rich. The journey typically lasts about 10 to 15 minutes in zero gravity, but the training takes several days. During the training, passengers learn how to handle the immense forces during launch and landing. One of the biggest concerns about space tourism is its environmental impact. A single rocket launch releases about 300 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the high atmosphere, which is more than an average car would produce in two hundred years of driving. Scientists are worried that if space flights become routine, they could seriously damage the ozone layer. Despite these concerns, supporters argue that it pushes technology forward and inspires young people to pursue careers in science and engineering. The future of the industry depends on developing greener fuels and making the technology more affordable for the public. Task 1: Answer the following questions based on the passage. (9分) 1. Is space tourism currently cheap or expensive? (1分) _________________________________________________________________ 2. How long does a typical space tourism journey last in zero gravity? (2分) _________________________________________________________________ 3. How much carbon dioxide might a single rocket launch release? (2分) _________________________________________________________________ 4. Where does the environmental concern come from? (2分) _________________________________________________________________ 5. Why do supporters think space tourism is valuable? (2分) _________________________________________________________________ Task 2: Personal Response (3分) 6. Would you want to travel to space if you had the chance? Why or why not? (About 30 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 4 Writing （共14分） VII. 翻译 （6分） 根据所给中文翻译成英文句子。 1. 比起戏剧，我更喜欢雕塑，因为它很生动。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 为了治愈这种严重的疾病，她自愿在自己身上测试药物。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 竹子经常被用来制作漂亮的装饰品。 _____________________________________________________________________________ VIII. 写作 （8分） 假设你是李华，请给你的笔友Tom写一封电子邮件，介绍一项你认为伟大的发明或发现。邮件需包含以下要点： 1. 你想谈论的发明或发现是什么？ 2. 它是如何被发明或发现的？ 3. 你为什么认为它很伟大？ 要求：不少于80词，可参考教材所学词汇和短语；邮件格式需包含称呼、正文、结束语和署名。 _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案 II. 语法：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B III. 选词：1. ancient 2. discover 3. harmony 4. economically 5. totally IV. 词性转换：1. scientist 2. patient 3. discovery 4. carefully 5. worse 6. herself 7. inspiring 8. children V. 句型转换： 1. isn’t it 2. Are you saving money 3. What do you do with your pocket money 4. so that I can buy my favourite books 5. What a great plan 6. help us make use of our money in the future VI. A篇：1. B 2. G 3. A 4. C 5. F B篇：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C C篇：1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. B D篇：1. It is expensive. / It costs millions of dollars. 2. It typically lasts about 10 to 15 minutes. 3. It releases about 300 tonnes of carbon dioxide. 4. It comes from the environmental impact (of rocket launches). 5. Because it pushes technology forward and inspires young people. 6. (Omitted, any reasonable answer is acceptable.) VIII. 写作 （10分） Dear Tom, I hope this email finds you well. I'd like to share with you a great invention in my eyes—the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell discovered it by accident while doing experiments on electricity. To his surprise, sound could pass through a tube and travel to the other side. This amazing discovery totally changed the way people communicate. Before it was invented, people had to wait for a long time to get a message. Now we can hear each other's voice at once, even across the ocean. It has also saved millions of lives because doctors can give medical advice by telephone in emergencies. In short, the telephone is a valuable invention that brings the world closer together. What do you think of it? Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $