Unit 8 Making a Difference 单词语法讲解练习+单词音频2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语Unit 8词汇知识清单系统梳理40个核心词汇及15个拓展词条，从词形变化、短语搭配、用法辨析等维度构建学习支架，助力学生从基础词汇掌握到语境应用的能力提升。 知识链路以“词汇核心变化-短语应用-易混辨析”逻辑展开，通过对比表格（如elderly/old/elder）、词根助记（gentleman）等方法强化思维品质，结合“be worth doing”等固定考点提升语言能力，提供联想拓展（动词变名词方法）培养学习能力，适配新课标核心素养要求。

Unit 8单词 1.make a difference (to sb./sth.) 对...产生影响 核心变化：differ v.不同于；意见有分歧；different adj.不同的，差异的 短语：differ from/ be different from与......不同；区别于；differ in/ be different in不同在；在......方面存在不同；differ with与......意见不一；与......不调和；the difference between A and B A和B之间的差异 2.visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/n.参观者；来访者 短语：guide visitors带领来访者 联想拓展：动词变指人的名词的方法： 类 型 例 词 动词加后缀-er构成名词 teach-teacher; work-worker; paint-painter wait-waiter; sing-singer; play-player 动词加后缀-or构成名词 act-actor; invent-inventor; translate-translator 3.elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的 用法：the+adj.表一类人，不可加s，也不能用a/an修饰。the elderly老年人（作主语时，谓语动词用复数） 辨析：elderly, old和elder 词汇 词性 核心用法区别 elderly adj./n. 礼貌正式，侧重“年长的”；the elderly 泛指老年人群体 old adj. 通用口语，可修饰人或事物，无礼貌色彩区分 elder adj./n. 不用于英语比较级（两者比较用 older）；仅作定语：elder sister 姐姐、elder brother 哥哥 4.organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (BrE: organisation) n. 组织；团体；机构 用法：可数名词（具体机构）；不可数名词（安排、条理） 核心变化：organize v.组织；筹备；organizer n.组织者；organized adj.有组织的；有条理的 短语：organize sb. to do sth.组织某人做某事；keep sth. organized保持某物有序；support an organization支持某个组织 5.stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/n. 体育馆；运动场 短语：clean up the stadium清理体育场 6.provide /prəˈvaɪd/v. 提供；给予 用法：provide sth.提供某物；provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物 易混辨析： provide与offer的用法区别 易混词 用法及例句 provide 指为某人提供对方需要或想要的东西。 This school provides new chairs and desks for the students.这所学校为学生们提供新的桌椅。 offer 侧重主动提出、自愿给予。常见搭配有offer sth. to sb./offer sb. sth.和offer to do sth.。 Mr Brown often offers help to me.布朗先生经常为我提供帮助。 7.owner /ˈəʊnə(r)/n. 主人；物主 核心变化：own v.拥有 adj.自己的 短语：the owner of... ......的主人；of oneˈs own属于某人自己的；oneˈs own+n. 某人自己的......；on oneˈs own独自；独立地 8.cage /keɪdʒ/n. 笼子 9.donation /dəʊˈneɪʃn/n. 捐赠物；捐赠 核心变化：donate v.捐赠 短语：make a donation (to sb./sth.)向...捐赠；donation to sb./sth.给......的捐赠10.interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)/n. 面试官；采访者 核心变化：interviewee n.接受面试者，被采访者；interview v.面试；采访 n.接见；面试 短语：have an interview参加面试；give an interview接受采访；interview sb.采访/面试某人 11.shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/n. 庇护所；居所 v.提供庇护；避难；使...免遭... 短语：take shelter寻求庇护；避难 shelter sb. from sth.保护某人免受......伤害 12.youth /juːθ/n. 青年；青年时期 短语：Youth Day青年节；youth movement青年运动 13.active /ˈæktɪv/adj. 活跃的；积极的 核心变化：act v.表演，行动；actor n.(男)演员；actress n.女演员；action n.行动；activity n.活动 短语：act as担任；take an active part in积极参与；take action采取行动 14.come along 赶快；跟着来 用法：come along还可意为“到达；抵达；进步；进展”。 15.army /ˈɑːmi/n. 军队 短语：join the army参军 16.primary /ˈpraɪməri/adj. 小学教育的；首要的 短语：primary education小学教育；primary school小学 17.help out 分担工作；帮忙解决困难 18.charity /ˈtʃærəti/n. 慈善机构（或组织）；慈善事业 用法：不可数（慈善、善心）；可数 (pl. charities)（慈善机构） 短语：raise money for charity 为慈善筹款；live on charity 靠救济度日；out of charity 出于善心 19.warmly /ˈwɔːmli/adv. 热情地；温暖地 核心变化：warm adj.温暖的；热情的；暖的 v.(使)温暖；warmth n.温暖；热情 20.lady /ˈleɪdi/n. 女士；淑女 短语：lady first女士优先；an old lady老妇人 21.gentleman /ˈdʒentlmən/n. (pl. gentlemen /ˈdʒentlmen/) 先生；君子 词根助记：gentle(文雅的)+man(人)→有教养的人→绅士 22.bark /bɑːk/v. (狗) 吠叫 n. 狗叫声 短语：bark at对着...吠叫 23.sign up (for)报名（参加......） 24.ever since 自从；自......以后 25.adult /ˈædʌlt; əˈdʌlt/n. 成年人 adj. 成年的；成熟的 短语：adult life成年生活 26.missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/adj. 失踪的；丢失的 联想拓展：miss作动词,意为“错过；思念”，后可接sb./sth./doing sth.。 易混辨析：missing、lost与gone的用法区别 易混词 用法及例句 missing 意为“失踪的；丢失的”，强调暂时找不到，但是有找到的希望。在句中可以作表语和定语。 • They still hope to find their missing son.他们仍然希望找到他们失踪的儿子。 lost 意为“迷路的；丢失的”，含难以找回的意思。在句中可以作表语和定语。 • Iˈm still looking for that lost file.我还在找那份丢失的档案。 gone 意为“不见了；不在了”，含一去不复返的意思；也可表示“死了”。一般不能作定语。 • Many of the old houses are gone now.许多老房子现在已经没有了。 27.practical /ˈpræktɪkl/adj. 实用的；实际的 词根：practice n./v.实践，练习（practice doing sth.练习做某事） 短语：be practical about sth.对某事务实、理智看待 28.life-saving /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/adj. 救命的；救生的 29.teamwork /ˈtiːmwɜːk/n. 团队合作 30.successful /səkˈsesfl/adj. 成功的；有成就的 词形变换：success n.成功，成功的人(或事物)→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地→succeed v.成功 短语：be successful in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面是成功的；succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 31.most of all 最主要的是 32.value /ˈvæljuː/n. 重要作用；价值 v.重视，珍视 短语：be of great value有重大意义；be of little/ no value没有价值；value sb./sth. (as sth.)重/珍视某人/某物(作为某物) 词形变换：value (n.价值)→valuable (adj.贵重的) 易混：invaluable adj. 极珍贵的、无价的(并非“无价值”)；valueless adj. 毫无价值的 33.voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/adj. 自愿的；无偿的 短语：voluntary work志愿工作；a voluntary helper义务帮手 派生词：volunteer n./v. 志愿者；自愿做；voluntarily adv. 自愿地 反义词：involuntary 被迫的、非自愿的 34.ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/adj. 平凡的；普通的 短语：ordinary people普通人；out of the ordinary 不寻常、与众不同；in the ordinary way按常规；通常情况下 35.worth /wɜːθ/adj. 值得；有价值 用法：(1)be worth doing值得做某事（主动形式表被动含义，固定考点） (2)be worth+钱 值多少钱 (3)be worth+名词 值得... 拓展辨析：worth /worthy/worthwhile 词汇 固定搭配 关键考点 & 易错提醒 worth adj. 1.be worth + 名词/金钱 2.be worth doing sth. 3.well worth 很值得 1.主动形式表被动，不能用 being done 2.用 well 修饰，不用 very worthy adj. 1.be worthy of + 名词/动名词 (被动) 2.be worthy to be done 1.必须搭配介词 of /不定式，不能直接接名词 /doing 2. 多用被动结构 worthwhile adj. 1.It is worthwhile to do sth. 2.It is worthwhile doing sth. 3.作定语修饰名词 1.常用 it 作形式主语，不直接修饰物品作表语 2.侧重 “有意义、值得花时间 / 精力” 36.audience /ˈɔːdiəns/n. 听众；观众（集合名词，谓语动词可用单数/复数） 例句：The audience is/are excited. 观众们很激动。 短语：a large audience 大批观众 37.willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/adj. 乐意的；愿意的 派生词：will v. 将要；想要；unwilling adj. 不情愿的； willingly adv. 自愿地 短语：a willing helper 热心帮手；be willing to do sth.乐意做某事 38.on the go 忙碌的 拓展延伸：常见的含go的短语 in one go一口气；go away走开；have a go尝试；go on 继续 39.in need 处于贫困中；生活困难 拓展延伸：常见的与in need结构类似的短语 in trouble处于困境中；in danger在危险中；in agreement(意见等)达成一致 40.success /səkˈses/n. 成功 41.elder /ˈeldə(r)/adj. (尤指家庭中两个成员) 年龄较长的 n.长辈、长者 短语：respect oneˈs elders 尊敬长辈 42.donate /dəʊˈneɪt/v. 捐赠；赠送 短语：donate sth. to sb.把某物捐给某人 43.pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/n. 口袋 短语：in oneˈs pocket在某人兜里；pocket money零花钱；out of pocket 赔钱、亏本 44.effort /ˈefət/n. 努力；艰难的尝试 短语：make every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事；spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事；be (well) worth the effort 做某事(很)值得；with effort 费劲地；put effort into (doing) sth.把精力投入到(做)某事中 45.hand out 分发 常见用法：hand out在此处意为“分发”。名词作其宾语时要放在hand与out 的中间或out的后面；代词作其宾语时，只能放在hand与out的中间。 46.(be) familiar with /be familiar to通晓；熟悉 用法：sb. be familiar with sth.主语为人，熟悉某物；sth. be familiar to sb.主语为物，为人所熟知。 47.talent /ˈtælənt/n. 才能；天赋；天才 派生词：talented adj. 有天赋的 短语：talent show才艺表演；have a talent for... 在......有天赋；be talented in (doing) sth.在某方面/做某事上有天赋 48.madam /ˈmædəm/n. (正式、礼貌的称呼) 女士；夫人 49.advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt; ˌædvəˈtaɪzmənt/ (= ad /æd/) n. 广告；启事 派生词：advertise v. 做广告；宣传 advertiser n. 广告商 短语：put an advertisement登广告；advertisement for sth. ......的广告 50.Robert /ˈrɒbət/ 罗伯特 51.Rose /rəʊz/ 罗斯；罗丝 52.United Nations peace-keeping /ˈpi:ski:pɪŋ/ 联合国维和部队 53.Argentina/a:dʒənˈti:nə/ 阿根廷 54.Blue Sky Rescue蓝天救援队 55.the Philippines/ˈfɪlɪpi:nz/ 菲律宾 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit8单词句子练习 一、请根据所给的首字母或音标写出单词，使句子意思完整正确 1.UNICEF is an o________ which gives basic food, health care and education to poor children. 2.Keeping a bird needs a c________ and some seeds for food. 3.The Double-Ninth Festival shows the Chinese tradition of respecting the e_______. 4.The school sports meeting will be held in the large s________ next month, 5.The Great Lakes p________ drinking water for more than 40 million people. 6.With the teacher's help, the shy boy has become a________ in class. 7.Robinson entered the U.S. A______ in 1942 and became a second lieutenant (少尉) in 1943. 8.Li Ming is nine years old and he studies in a p______ school. 9.You can donate money to an animal c______ or children in need. 10.The host greeted the guests w________ at the door. 11.The o________ of this bookstore has run it for 10 years and has helped many students. 12.The i________ asked me a lot of questions, and I hoped I could get the job. 13.You can of course help by giving them a d________ directly, because they really need some money. 14.I saw another stop, a ________(避难所) in the middle of the open country. 15.Citywalk is becoming a new travel fashion for the ________(青年) in China. 16.T________ is very important when we are working on a group project. 17.The old painting in the museum has great historical v________ and is well protected by the staff. 18.Although he is an ________/'ɔːdnri/ worker, he makes great contributions to our community. 19.With wonderful treasures inside, Yangzhou Museum is well w________ visiting. 20.This l________ is as old as my grandmother, how can she run so fast? 21.Mike put up the posters to find his m_______ dog-- he was really worried about it. 22.She made a ________(自愿的) decision to help the old man clean his house. 23.The movie was so funny that the a________ couldn't stop laughing. 24.Chinese fans are both p________ tools and beautiful works of art. 25.It said, ''Last night, a g________ with the name of 'Jack' put an important thing into my hat by mistake. Please come to get it soon.'' 26.I think nearly every s________ person is positive and never gives up. 27.Dogs do not b________ here. 28.It is important to have an a________ nearby watch for danger. 29.CPR(心肺复苏术) is one of the l________ skills that can help others who are near drowning(溺水). 30.''Excuse me, m_______, is this your handbag?'' the young man asked the woman politely. 31.He pulled a small notebook from his _______ (口袋) and began writing. 32.She doesn't have _______(年龄较长的) brothers. She is the only child in her family. 33.The _______ (广告) for the new toy has successfully caught the kids' attention. 34.We decided to d_______ old books to the school library. 35.--How does the book change you? --I'm not as shy as before. Moreover, I'm w_______ to try new things. 36.Think of somebody you really admire(崇拜). You will probably find that their s_______ didn't come easily. 37.As a party member, he makes an e_______ to serve people without thinking about himself. 38.When he heard about the t_______ show to be held at his school, Mike wanted to take part. 39.The old man met some f_______ faces in his hometown yesterday. 40.In China, when a v_______ comes, he is served with a cup of tea. 二、请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 1.After the earthquake, the government provided the homeless with food and (shelter) immediately. 2. (visit) from all over the world come to learn more about Chinese history. 3.Your school offers great chances. Also, there is time to think of ways to make a (different) to your school. 4.Bob's grandpa is still working for lots of (organize) in his seventies. 5.Although we can't leave the Internet, it's not safe for us (provide) too much true information online. 6.The scarves are popular with young (lady). 7.--Your pet dog is (bark). It's time to give it food. --I think it isn't hungry. It's because someone is calling you in our garden. 8.--Many young (adult) find it hard to make their own decisions. --Well, they have to be responsible for their decisions. 9.My little brother is (will) to share his favourite toys with his classmates, which makes him very popular in the kindergarten. 10. (gentleman) should always be polite and respectful to others. 11. From April 8, pet (own) in China can bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains. 12.The students quickly took to clean up the classroom after the art class. (act) 13.Why don't you love clothes with (pocket)? 14.The workers in the zoo clean (cage) every week to make them clean and comfortable for the animals. 15.Many kind-hearted people give (donate) to local community centers to help families facing difficulties. 16.She her flight (航班) because she couldn't find her passport. (miss) 17.As the sister in the family, I often help the in the neighborhood with my parents. (elder) 18.I joined a programme last summer. All the work there was , but I learned a lot. (volunteer) 19.The of the school sports meeting depends on everyone's effort, and we hope it will be than last year. (success) 20.Although we didn't win the race, we felt proud of our (effort). 21.These (interviewer) asked me a lot of questions, and I hoped I could get the job. 22.When someone visits your parents, you need to say hello to him (warm). 23.Chinese fans are both (practice) tools and beautiful works of art. 24.People who live in peace with nature understand the (valuable) of every species(物种), no matter how small. 25.Peter goes to the bookstores to buy great books and (donate) them to children in need. 26.We can see many (advertise) on TV every day. 27.Many students volunteered to raise money for different (charity) during the holidays. 28.Everyone has different . Some are good at drawing, while others are in music. (talent) 29. Look at these beautiful butterflies. They are (actual) robots. 30.In his (young), he spent a lot of time reading storybooks in the library. 三、根据语境，用适当的虚词盲填 1.Donating old clothes is a good way to help families ______ need. 2.She's always ______ the go, rushing between meetings and deadlines every day. 3.Our neighbor's cat climbed up the tree, and the dog below barked ______ it angrily. 4.My father is ______ ordinary worker, but he always works hard to support our family. 5.Most ______ all, the climber was very familiar ______ the life-saving medicine. 6.I studied English ______ my primary school when I was six years old. 7.She has lived in this city ______ she was born. 8.When he was ______ the army, he learned how to work as part of a team. 9.The public hospital nearby can provide medical care ______ local people. 10.The owner ______ the bookstore is very kind and often recommends good books to students. 11.We have worked in the field ______ two hours. 12.Come ______, our friends are waiting for us and we don't want to miss the start of the movie! 13.Air is very important to us, just as fish can't live ______ water. 14.Our teacher always says the key ______ success is working hard. 15.Last weekend, the wind was so strong ______ we couldn't go hiking with our classmates as planned. 四、根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词) 1.政府为贫困家庭提供食物和衣物。 The government ______poor families ______food and clothing. 2.当我在数学作业上遇到困难时，同学们总是帮我解决问题。 My classmates always______ ______ ______when I have trouble with my math homework. 3.一位好老师能对学生的未来产生重大影响。 A good teacher can______ ______ ______ ______in a student's future. 4.她成为青年俱乐部的一员已经5年了。 She______ ______ ______ ______of the Youth Club for 5 years. 5.安迪的建议非常实用，它很值得考虑。 Andy's advice is very ______and it is______ ______. 6.团队合作的价值在于我们能够相互学习并共同进步。 ______ ______ ______ ______is that we can learn from each other and improve together. 7.我们看到一则有趣的夏令营广告，于是决定报名。 We saw______ ______ ______for a summer camp and decided to______ ______. 8.这些成年人和儿童都愿意把零花钱捐出去给失去家的孩子们。 Both adults and children______ ______ ______ ______their pocket money to children who have lost their homes. 9.你开始存钱多久了? ______ ______ ______ ______ ______saving money? 10.你能告诉我到最近的地铁站的路线吗？ Could you______ ______ ______to the nearest subway station? 11.他决定作为志愿兵在军队服役三年。 He decided to______ ______ ______ ______for three years as a volunteer soldier. 12.突然，一个男孩冲进教室，学生们停下阅读，望着他。 Suddenly, a boy______ ______ ______ ______and the students stopped reading and looked at him. 13.如果你想成功，就应该有明确的目标并坚持下去。 If you want to succeed, you should have a clear goal and______ ______ ______. 14.新学期伊始，西安实施了一项关于学生的新政策。 At the beginning of this term, Xi'an______ ______a new policy about students. 15.这座老桥状况很差，需要立即维修。 The old bridge is______ ______ ______and needs immediate repair. 16.她总是自愿帮助社区里的独居老人。 She always______ ______help the elderly living alone in the community. 17.志愿者们在街头分发食物和饮用水给受灾群众。 The volunteers______ ______food and drinking water to the affected people on the street. 18.你熟悉这个地区的公交线路吗？ Are you______ ______the bus routes in this area? 19.志愿者们去公园捡垃圾，让公园变得更干净。 The volunteers went to the park and______ ______ ______to make it cleaner. 20.警察在森林里搜寻那个走失的孩子，找了几个小时。 The police have______ ______the lost child in the forest for several hours. 参考答案 一、1-5 organization; cage; elderly; stadium; provide 6-10 active; Army; primary; charity; warmly 11-15 owner; interviewer; donation; shelter; youth 16-20 Teamwork; value; ordinary; worth; lady 21-25 missing; voluntary; audience; practical; gentleman 26-30 successful; bark; adult; life-saving; madam 31-35 pocket; elder; advertisement; donate; willing 36-40 success; effort; talent; familiar; visitor 二、1-5 shelters; Visitors; difference; organizations; to provide 6-10 ladies; barking; adults; willing; gentlemen 11-15 owners; active, action; pockets; cages; donations 16-20 missed, missing; elder, elderly; volunteer/ volunteering, voluntary; success, more successful; efforts 21-25 interviewers; warmly; practical; value; donates 26-30 advertisements; charities; talents, talented; actually; youth 三、1-5 in; on; at; an; of, with 6-10 at; since; in; for; of 11-15 for; along; without; to; that 四、1.provides, with; 2.help me out; 3.make a big difference; 4.has been a member of; 5.practical, worth considering; 6.The value of teamwork; 7.an interesting advertisement, sign up; 8.are willing to donate; 9.How long have you been; 10.give me directions; 11.serve in the army; 12.rushed into the classroom; 13.stick to it; 14.carried out; 15.in poor condition; 16.volunteers to; 17.hand out; 18.familiar with; 19.picked up litter; 20.searched for ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8句式语法+练习 句式(sentences) 一、I think (that)+从句 教材原句： I think it's everyone's duty to look after it！我认为对它(海滩)负责是每个人的责任！ 句式结构： that引导的从句为think的宾语。 • I think that animals are important in our daily life.我认为动物在我们的日常生活中是重要的。 联想拓展："I think (that)+从句"中从句是否定式时，其谓语动词不用否定形式，而将否定式在主句中表现出来。 • I don't think that he can be here on time.我认为他不能准时到这儿。 二、would like (to do) sth. 教材原句： Tick three activities you would like to do in an animal shelter.勾选你想要在动物收容所做的三项活动。 句式结构： would like (to do) sth.相当于want (to do) sth，意为“想要(做)某事/某物”。 • I would like to go on a trip to Beijing.我想去北京旅行。 联想拓展： "Would you like...?" 意为“你想要...... 吗？”，表示向别人委婉地提出请求、征求对方意见或礼貌地建议。肯定回答："Yes, I'd like/love to."/ "Yes, please."否定回答："I'd love to, but..."/ "Sorry, I'm afraid not."/ "No, thanks." 语法(grammar) 一、现在完成时(二) 教材原句： She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.她从上个八月起就在一家养老院做志愿者。 I have been a volunteer here for a few months.我在这里做志愿者已经有几个月了。 1. since的用法 since意为“自从...以来”，可用作介词和连词。since作介词，且后面加表示过去的时间点(如2020、last Tuesday等)或“一段时间 + ago”时，句子常用现在完成时；当 since连接主从句时，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时；since 用作副词，意为“从此；此后”，常与现在完成时连用。 Mr Smith has worked here since 1984.史密斯先生自 1984 年以来就在这儿工作。 He's learnt about 5, 000 English words since he went to college.自从他上大学以来，他已经学会了大约5, 000个英文单词。 She left London ten years ago, and I haven't seen her since.她十年前离开伦敦，此后我再也没有见过她。 Note:当since引导的从句中的动词是延续性动词的一般过去时时，从句不再表示主句动作的起始点，而表示动作的完成或结束。 It has been two weeks since I was ill.我病愈已经两个星期了。 The house has been in bad repair since they lived in it.自从他们搬出去之后，这房子一直没有被很好地维修。 联想拓展：''It is/has been + 一段时间 + since 从句(一般过去时)''意为“自从...以来有多长时间了”。 It is/has been two years since I became a postgraduate.我成为研究生已经有两年了。 2. for的用法 ''for + 时间段''常与现在完成时连用。 We have known each other for twenty years.我们已经认识彼此二十年了。 I have been here for 3 days.我已经来这儿三天了。 3. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 (1) 延续性动词和非延续性动词的区别 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式及动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 分 类 意 义 举 例 延续性动词 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。 learn、work、stand、lie、walk、keep、have、wait、watch、read、sleep、live、stay等 非延续性动词 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后一般立即结束。 open、close、finish、begin、come、go、arrive、reach、leave、borrow、buy 等 (2) 延续性动词的用法特征 ① 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，可与表示“时间段” 的状语连用。表示时间段的状语有：''for + 一段时间''、''since + 时态为一般过去时的句子''、''since + 表示过去的时间点''、''during + 表示过去的时间段''等。 I have stayed here since I graduated.我自从毕业起就待在这里了。 ② 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“时间点”状语连用。 错误: It rained at eight yesterday morning. 正确: It rained yesterday morning. Note: rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“时间点”，故第一个例句用法错误。 (3) 非延续性动词的用法特征 ① 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。 The train has arrived. 火车已经到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入计算机组了吗？ ② 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，因此不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 错误: He has died for three years. 正确: He has been dead for three years. 正确: He died three years ago. 正确: It is three years since he died. 正确: Three years has passed since he died. (4) 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转化 非延续性动词 (短语) 延续性动词 (短语) leave be away borrow keep buy have begin/start be on die be dead move to live in finish be over join be in/be a member of open sth. keep sth. open fall ill be ill get up be up 4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 区别 现在完成时 一般过去时 意义 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 表示过去发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情。 标志词或短语 for、since、so far、ever、never、just、yet、till、until、up to now、in past years 等。 yesterday、last week、ago、in 1980、just now 等。 练习： 一、非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换 1.come/go 2.leave 3. borrow 4.buy 5.die 6. get to know 7. begin 8.go out 9. become 10.arrive 二、用 for或since填空 1.I have had the CD ______ five days ago. 2.They haven't seen their grandparents ______ last month. 3.I have kept this old photo ______ a long time. My dead grandfather is in it. 4.Michael has had this toy car ______ his twelfth birthday. 5.We have planted flowers in the garden ______ spring started. Now, those flowers are really beautiful! 6.My father has stayed in Beijing on vacation ______ two weeks. 7.We have worked in the field ______ six o'clock in the morning. 三、按要求完成下列各题 1.Lily has learnt to sing for 8 years.（对画线部分提问） has Lily learnt to sing? 2.The volunteers helped repair over ten bicycles last week.（用现在完成时改写句子） The volunteers ______ ______ repair over ten bicycles ______ last week. 3.They have lived in Beijing since 2015. They ______ ______ in Beijing ______ ten years. 4.He joined the army five years ago.（用现在完成时改写句子） He ______ ______ in the army ______ five years ago. 四、语法填空 In our daily lives, we often see people in need. Helping them not only is a kind act, 1.______ also makes us feel good. Last Saturday, I went to a store. At the entrance (入口), an old lady seemed tired carrying a heavy bag by 2. ______ (she). I quickly ran to her and helped to carry her bag. She smiled and thanked me. And we chatted for a while 3. ______ (happy) before going into the store. Later in 4. ______ store, I saw a sad boy. He 5. ______ (cry) at that moment because he couldn't find his mother. I 6. ______ (take) him to the help centre. The worker there helped find his mother. These 7. ______ (experience) taught me an important lesson: Helping others is helping ourselves. Each act of kindness brings us joy. If we all offer a little help, our society will be full 8. ______ love, becoming a much better place. So let's be ready 9. ______ (help) those in need. We can create a warmer and 10. ______ (bright) world for everyone. Even small acts can make a big difference together! 参考答案 一、1.be in/be here/be there 2.be away 3.keep 4.have 5.be dead 6.know 7.be on 8.be out 9.be 10.be here/be in 二、1.since 2.since 3.for 4.since 5.since 6.for 7.since 三、1.How long 2.have helped; since 3.have lived/been; for 4.has been; since 四、1.but 2.herself 3.happily 4.the 5.was crying 6.took 7.experiences 8.of 9.to help 10.brighter ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Make a difference, make a difference. Visitor, visitor, elderly, elderly, the elderly, the elderly. Organization, organization, stadium, stadium, provide, provide, owner, owner, cage, cage, donation, donation. Interviewer, interviewer, shelter, shelter, youth, youth, active, active. Come along. Toma on army, army, primary, primary, help out, help about charity, charity, warmly, warmly. Lady, lady, gentlemen, gentlemen, en, bark, bark, sign up, sign up. Ever since, ever since, adult, adult, missing, missing. Practical, practical, lifesaving, lifesaving, teamwork, teamwork, successful, successful, most of all, most of all, value, value, voluntary, voluntary, ordinary, ordinary, worth, worth. Audience, audience, willing, willing, on go on the go, indeed, in need, success, success, elder elder, donate, donate, pocket, pocket, effort, effort, hand out, hand out. Familiar with, familiar with, talent, talent, madam, madam. Advertisement, advertisement, Robert, Robert, rose, rose, united nations peacekeeping, united nations peacekeeping, argentina, argentina. Blue sky rescue, blue sky rescue, Philippines, Philippines.