专题03 2026全国一卷阅读C篇 (种树未必净化空气？) (解读+技巧+变式) 2026全国一卷英语真题完全解读与考后提升

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦2026全国一卷阅读C篇科普说明文，覆盖细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等核心考点，按“真题解读-词汇语法巩固-策略指导”逻辑架构，通过权威评析、障碍词汇梳理、单句填空训练等环节，帮助学生突破长难句解读和文本逻辑梳理难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料亮点在于融合科学探究主题与高考命题规律，采用语篇结构分析法和选项设置规律总结策略，如引导学生通过首尾段高频词汇概括主旨，培养思维品质和语言能力。设置五年真题及题型变式分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

2026全国一卷英语真题完全解读与考后提升 专题03 2026全国一卷阅读C篇(种树未必净化空气？) (解读+技巧+变式) 原卷版 权威评价 弘扬科学精神，培育探究能力 试题紧扣科学探究与科技创新前沿，引导学生锤炼分析和探究能力，弘扬科学精神。全国一卷阅读C篇聚焦特定树种释放的化学物质与汽车尾气结合可能造成对健康的影响及相关讨论，引导学生辩证地审视复杂问题，理解其多面性，并思考可持续的解决方案。全国二卷阅读D篇介绍了巴塞罗那地铁列车利用再生制动系统进行能量回收，并创新性地将部分回收能量传输至车站地面充电桩的项目，生动诠释了科技创新驱动绿色交通的理念。试题通过逻辑严谨、启迪思维的语篇，致力点燃科学探究热情，引导学生养成敏锐的观察力和主动探究的科学精神。 C篇为科普说明文，聚焦城市植树与空气质量的生态话题，介绍特定树木释放的化学物质对城市臭氧浓度、居民健康产生的影响，同时呈现园林部门的态度与应对思路。文本紧扣当下生态环保热点，具备鲜明的时代性。题型设置包含细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、观点理解等，对学生长难句解读、科普文本逻辑梳理能力提出较高要求。文章客观呈现科学研究结论与多方观点，引导学生辩证看待问题，树立生态保护意识，培养理性客观的科学思维。 ---《教育部教育考试院：2026年高考英语全国卷试题评析》 文章出处 选自美国哥伦比亚大学官网于2024年8月5日发布的名为 Planting Some Tree Species May Worsen, Not Improve, NYC Air, Says New Study的文章 https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2024/08/05/planting-so me-tree-species-may-worsen-not-improve-nyc-air-says-ne w-study/ 真题再现 In line with longstanding initiatives to expand the green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground- level ozone（臭氧）— a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. "We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane. "But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse." The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy: “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said. "We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. "You have to think about what you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people's health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underline phase "oblivious to" in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about B. Unaware of C. Related to D. Optimistic about 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 权威解析 百科知识 官方认知：公园局认为树木不应被视为“敌人 ”，解决空气污染的关键在于反思和改变“以汽车为中心的生活方式 ”。 政策底线：官方不会砍伐老橡树，也不会停止种植新树，因为橡树作为“关键物种 ”在维持生态多样性和提供栖息地方面具有不可替代的价值。 异戊二烯：isoprene是许多植物自然释放的挥发性有机化合物，本身无害，但与氮氧化物nitrogen oxides在阳光下反应可生成地面臭氧ground-level ozone，后者是引发哮喘等呼吸系统疾病的重要因素。 枫香树：sweetgum是常见落叶乔木，原产于北美，因星形叶片和秋季红叶而广泛种植。 障碍词汇 一、障碍单词 shade /ʃeɪd/ n. _________________ absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ v. _________________ airborne /ˈeəbɔːn/ adj. _________________ habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. _________________ oak /əʊk/ n. _________________ sweetgum /ˈswiːtɡʌm/ n. _________________ majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/ n. _________________ volatile /ˈvɒlətaɪl/ adj. _________________ compound /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ n. _________________ harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ adj. _________________ interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ v. _________________ nitrogen /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/ n. _________________ oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ n. _________________ emit /ɪˈmɪt/ v. _________________ ozone /ˈəʊzəʊn/ n. _________________ respiratory /rəˈspɪrətri/ adj. _________________ ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ n. _________________ asthma /ˈæsmə/ n. _________________ species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. _________________ coauthor /kəʊˈɔːθə(r)/ n. _________________ blame /bleɪm/ v. _________________n. _________________ fossil /ˈfɒsl/ n. _________________ dweller /ˈdwelə(r)/ n. _________________ oblivious /əˈblɪviəs/ adj. _________________ connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. _________________ indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ v. _________________ ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/ v. _________________ consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. _________________ advantage /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. _________________ describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ v. _________________ 二、障碍短语 account for _________________ ground-level ozone _________________ fossil fuels _________________ air quality _________________ rise by _________________ be to blame _________________ lower emissions _________________ carbon compound _________________ result in _________________ on the whole _________________ draw a conclusion _________________ 单句填空 1. __________ line with longstanding initiatives __________(expand) the green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. 2. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a __________(surprise) amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, __________ provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 3. __________ could go wrong, though, according to a new study. 4. Oaks and sweetgums, __________ currently account for a __________(major) of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance __________(call) isoprene. 5. __________(harm) by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides __________(release) by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone（臭氧）— __________ major factor in many breathing problems. 6. The research, __________(carry) out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up __________ 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 7. "We're all for __________(plant) more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane. "But if we're not careful, we could make air quality __________(bad)." 8. The Parks Department is not oblivious to __________ issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago __________(conclude) that city trees did release isoprene. 9. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, __________ Parks Department senior scientist. 10. She said trees should not __________(view) as the enemy: “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said. 11. "We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and __________ will the department completely stop __________(plant) new ones, said Auyeung. 12. "You have to think about __________ you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, __________(provide) food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 全文翻译 In line with longstanding initiatives to expand the green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 为落实拓展城市绿地这一长期举措，纽约市每年都会栽种数万棵树木。这些树木能够遮阴、降低地表温度、吸收大量空气中的碳、滤除细微污染物，既为野生动物提供栖息地，也装点了城市风光。 Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground- level ozone（臭氧）— a major factor in many breathing problems. 然而一项新研究表明，此举也存在隐患。目前，橡树和枫香树是纽约市的主力树种，这类树木会释放大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身并无危害，但它会与机动车、建筑及工业排放的污染物氮氧化物快速发生反应，生成近地面臭氧。而臭氧是引发各类呼吸系统疾病的主要诱因。 The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 这项研究由哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构的科学家联合开展。研究发现：如果纽约市在后续植树工作中依旧沿用以往的树种选择模式，未来数十年里，曼哈顿地区的异戊二烯排放量将上涨约140%，夏季臭氧浓度也会随之升高30%之多。 "We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane. "But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse." 该研究的合著者罗辛・科曼表示：“我们都支持多种树，树木带来的益处数不胜数。但如果不加留意，我们反而会让空气质量变得更差。” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy: “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said. 纽约市公园管理局并非对此问题一无所知。该局的研究人员数年前就开展过相关研究，证实城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。公园管理局资深科学家诺文・欧阳说：“我们当时并没有大肆宣扬这件事。” 她认为树木不该被视作敌人：“只要我们改变以汽车为中心的生活方式，那么栽种任何树种都不成问题。” "We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. "You have to think about what you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 诺文・欧阳还称：“我们不会砍伐树龄已久的高大橡树，公园管理局也不会彻底停止栽种新的橡树。大家要想一想，一旦这么做，我们会失去什么。” 她指出，橡树是关键物种，能为本土昆虫、鸟类以及其他动物提供食物和栖息场所。 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people's health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 28. 这项新研究针对橡树和枫香树暗示了什么？ A. 它们会影响其他树木的生长。 B. 它们吸收的碳含量低于预期。 C. 它们会间接危害人体健康。 D. 它们会缓慢提升当地气温。 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 29. 根据这项研究，科曼可能会提出以下哪项建议？ A. 砍伐所有会释放异戊二烯的树木。B. 暂停植树数十年。 C. 更换新栽种树木的树种。 D. 清除现有树木释放的异戊二烯。 30. What does the underline phase "oblivious to" in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about B. Unaware of C. Related to D. Optimistic about 30. 第五段中划线短语 “oblivious to” 是什么意思？ A. 坦诚对待 B. 一无所知；未察觉 C. 与…… 相关 D. 对…… 持乐观态度 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 31. 欧阳最有可能倡导以下哪一项？ A. 日常生活中减少汽车使用。 B. 为动物打造新的栖息地。 C. 控制人口增长。 D. 针对该问题开展更多研究。 考点统计 2022-2026全国高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026全国一卷C 311+134 人与自然 颠覆认知！纽约种树引发空气污染 30猜测词义题 2026全国一卷D 332+147 人与社会 主动评判美感带来认知能力提升 35推理判断题 2026全国二卷C 328+134 人与社会 书评：关于平均海平面历史的研究 31标题概括题 2026全国二卷D 313+124 人与自然 巴塞罗地铁实现绿色交通能源高效 34主旨大意题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷C 323+113 人与社会 呼吁重新思考街道功能建宜居城市 31标题概括题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神垃圾食品诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍群体智慧效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 满分策略 一、命题特点 1. 选材特点：文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 2. 语篇结构：特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点。 3. 设题特点：就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 4. 命题热点：科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? 二、解题策略 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 学生在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 2. 利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真确定答案 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段主旨概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 五年真题 01【2026浙江1月卷】 Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 02【2025全国一卷】 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 03【2025全国二卷】 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 04【2024新课标I卷】 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 05【2023新课标I卷】 The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 题型变式 书评人与自然类说明文10篇 【01】（25-26高三上·河北保定·期中）I had my appendix (阑尾) removed 30 years ago. While lying sick and weak in hospital, I comforted myself by thinking that the doctor had taken out something useless, not important. The medicine, I believed, was killing the bacteria that caused the problem. These thoughts helped me feel better. But as James Kinross explains in his book Dark matter: The New Science of the Microbiome, I was very wrong. Kinross is a surgeon at St Mary’s Hospital in London and an expert on the human microbiome — the huge and complex group of microbes (微生物) living in and on our bodies. Like many doctors, he once saw these microbes as harmful. But with more people getting diseases like allergies, autoimmune problems, and obesity, scientists began to study how changes in our microbiome might be connected. This book tells the story of how Kinross changed his thinking and now calls for a new approach. He starts by comparing the microbiome to “dark matter” in space — something that affects us greatly but is still not well understood. The microbiome, together with the human body, forms a “holobiont”, shaped by birth, our surroundings, and our immune system (免疫系统). Human’s defensive system doesn’t just fight disease — it also works with the microbiome. For example, the appendix is now seen as a place that stores good microbes. When this teamwork fails, health problems like allergies may happen. Next, Kinross explains how our lifestyle and environment affect the microbiome. Overusing medicines and losing stomach biodiversity, especially in developed countries, is worrying. Food matters a lot, but so do pollution, plastic, and climate change. Medicines also change the microbiome, meaning doctors must think carefully when treating patients. Finally, he discusses how our microbiome has changed over generations. Fixing this won’t be easy, though scientists are exploring ways to restore a healthier microbial balance in the future. For now, Kinross says we must protect our microbiome like protecting a rainforest on the earth — something we all must care for. 1．What do we know about James Kinross? A．He is a scientist researching space. B．He is an authority on human microbes. C．He conducted the operation for the author. D．He assumes the removed organ unimportant. 2．Why does Kinross compare microbes to dark matter in space? A．To illustrate their working principle. B．To highlight the complexity of the research. C．To appeal for teamwork on health problems. D．To indicate its important yet poorly understood nature. 3．What does Kinross recommend for maintaining microbiome health? A．Increase the use of medicine. B．Safeguarding it as something precious. C．Focusing on individual lifestyle changes. D．Investing in advanced scientific research. 4．What is the text? A．A book review. B．A health report. C．A research paper. D．An operating instruction. 【02】（25-26高二下·江苏泰州·期中）Was Albert Einstein a lone genius who reshaped physics entirely on his own? A new book, About Time: Free Creations of the Human Mind, by historians Diana Buchwald and Michael Gordin, challenges this popular image. The authors argue that the “solitary genius” is largely a myth — and Einstein is no exception. While acknowledging his extraordinary brilliance, they show that Einstein always worked within a broader scientific community. His special theory of relativity, for example, built upon the research of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré. His explanation of the photoelectric effect drew from Max Planck’s work on energy quanta. Even his job at the Swiss Patent Office, often romanticized as an intellectual exile (放逐), actually kept him connected to cutting-edge electrical technologies. The book also clears up several myths. Einstein was not a poor student; he excelled in mathematics. There is no evidence that he stole ideas from his first wife, Mileva Marić, though she was a capable physicist. His famous abandonment of “absolute time” was a brave combination of existing puzzles, not a bolt from the blue. What makes this biography particularly valuable is its balanced treatment. The authors neither worship Einstein nor seek to “expose” him. Instead, they place him firmly within his historical and social context, showing that even the greatest scientific minds rely on collaboration and prior work. Concise yet insightful, About Time offers a refreshing corrective to the tired myth of the lonely genius. 5．What is the main argument of About Time? A．Einstein was not truly brilliant. B．Einstein’s theories were overrated. C．Einstein stole ideas from his wife. D．Einstein relied on a scientific community. 6．Why does the author mention Einstein’s patent office job? A．To show he failed as a teacher. B．To prove he was socially isolated. C．To argue it was intellectually beneficial. D．To contrast it with other scientists’ jobs. 7．What can be inferred about the book’s authors? A．They try to devalue Einstein’s status. B．They value collaboration in science. C．They focus on Einstein’s weaknesses. D．They reject originality in research. 8．How is the book review organized? A．By presenting a myth and then challenging it. B．By summarizing the book chapter by chapter. C．By comparing it to other Einstein biographies. D．By criticizing the book before praising it. 【03】（2025·江西新余·模拟预测）The Economist, weekly magazine of news and opinion published in London and generally regarded as one of the world’s superb journals of its kind. It provides wide-ranging coverage of general news and particularly of international and political developments and prospects bearing on the world’s economy. The publication is known for its social-libertarian opinion and maintains that free markets provide the best method of running economies and governments. All articles except special reports are published without bylines (there is also no masthead), thereby presenting to readers a unified face. The Economist was founded in 1843 by Scotsman James Wilson with assistance from the Anti-Corn Law League as a voice against England’s Com Laws, regulations governing the import and export of grain. Wilson’s son-in-law Walter Bagehot, who served as editor of The Economist from 1861 to 1877, expanded the publication’s coverage into politics and strengthened its focus on U. S. affairs (Bagehot’s name continues to grace the publication, in the name of the column at the end of the section on Britain). In the early 20th century, The Economist’s socially and politically outstanding editor Sir Walter Layton (1922~38) was influential in establishing the publication as an authority. By 1938 half The Economist’s sales were overseas. Layton’s successor, Geoffrey Crowther (1938~56), thus continued to expand its foreign affairs and business coverage. The magazine’s in-depth coverage of the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941 and the subsequent heavy focus on the United States led to a continual increase in American readership, which rose sharply in the 1970s. During the late 20th century the publication continued to expand its coverage to other areas, including the arts and book reviews. In the early 21st century The Economist was completely redesigned to provide enhanced features such as enriched navigational information, full-colour editorial layouts (2001), and an online audio version (2007). In 2009 The Economist had an international circulation of more than one million, with American readership accounting for more than half the total. 9．What do we know The Economist from the Paragraph 1? A．It’s a great, famous scientist, born in London. B．It’s a famous company once founded in London. C．It mainly introduces economic development. D．It’s famous for its social liberal tendencies. 10．When does The Economist begin to focus on politics? A．In the early 20th century. B．From 1861 to 1877. C．In the 1970s or so. D．In the early 21st century. 11．Which editor made The Economist more authoritative? A．Walter Layton. B．Walter Bagehot. C．James Wilson. D．Geoffrey Crowther. 12．How does the author develop the text? A．By place order. B．By event clue. C．By time order. D．By person clue. 【04】（25-26高二下·福建·阶段检测）Many people assume timidity — or its close cousin, shyness — is merely a negative trait. Calling people timid may suggest they are carrying anxiety, fear, and a lack of confidence. While some of these associations might be accurate, timidity might go hand in hand with thoughtfulness, deliberateness (审慎), and even a rich and full interior life. Here comes Jonathan Todd’s new middle-grade graphic novel, Timid. The bright cover of the book suggests the potential for all these characteristics captured in a single image. A teen sits behind an oversized red notebook with cartoon sketches displayed across its cover. He’s wide-eyed, his oversized glasses poking out from behind the notebook. The rest of his face is almost completely unseen, as four giant sweat drops jump off his forehead. He’s obviously anxious, holding his notebook tightly with two huddled (蜷缩的) arms. But what else is going on behind the surface? Written and drawn by cartoonist Jonathan Todd, who has dedicated the book to “anyone who has ever felt alone”, Timid follows the boy on the cover, 12-year-old Cecil Hall. He’s a 7th grader whose family moves from Florida, where they’ve been living for most of his life, to Massachusetts. From the beginning, it’s clear that Cecil knows exactly who he is and who he wants to be — a future famous cartoonist. But others around him, partly because he’s so quiet, don’t always take his preferences into account. Cecil’s father thinks his son needs to be tougher, because it was toughness that got him through his own childhood. His sister advises him to befriend other children at his new school instantly. But it’s his gentle, soft-spoken mother who makes him feel most relaxed. His mother trusts he’ll find his way on his own terms. Organized into 14 chapters illustrated in deliciously bright colors, this book captures the powerful emotions that drive young people’s lives with its unique, cartoony drawing style. As Timid unfolds, readers come to understand that Cecil’s quiet nature is only part of his story. Through his art and small acts of bravery, he reveals a rich inner world, one that holds both his fears and dreams. 13．What can we learn about timidity from paragraph 1? A．It is a rare trait. B．It is just a negative quality. C．It is related to one’s creativity. D．It is misunderstood by many people. 14．What does the description of the book’s cover provide? A．A visual representation of timidity. B．A brief introduction of the book’s plot. C．The challenges faced by timid children. D．The common design of graphic novels. 15．What may Cecil’s mother advise him to do? A．Stay gentle and repay kindness in life. B．Grow strong and learn to embrace challenges. C．Be himself and find his own path independently. D．Feel relaxed and allow himself to let go of tension. 16．What is the text? A．A novel. B．A book review. C．A private journal. D．A biography. 【05】（2026·山东青岛·三模）Ants rely heavily on smell signals to tell every member of the colony (群体) who belongs and who is an outsider. Their unique ID cards, based on alkalines (碱性物), work for individual recognition among ants. A new study conducted by the Max Planck Institute and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that human-caused air pollution may cause civil wars within ant colonies. The problem is with ozone (臭氧), a common urban pollutant that can easily degrade alkalines. You can see where this is headed. Researchers found that when ants from six different species were exposed to 100 parts per billion of ozone, a level commonly reached in major cities during the summer, their chemical signatures were obliterated in as little as 20 minutes. This was a full-on disaster for ant colonies. When worker ants exposed to ozone returned home, their own colony couldn’t recognize them anymore. In five of the six species tested, the colony reacted with immediate violence, threatening and attacking their own citizens. In separate experiments, urban-level ozone disturbed care behavior deep inside the colony, leading to the death of baby ants. Who Cares About an Ant Civil War? You might think, well, they’re just ants. They’re small. Insignificant. But ants represent a huge part of the Earth’s biomass and do all of the dirty work that we take for granted, like turning soil, spreading seeds, and cleaning out ecosystems. Climate change and pesticides (杀虫剂) get a lot of the blame for population declines in all sorts of animal species, insects included, but this research is saying that, by making ants smell different, we are throwing their hyper-functional, ultra-cooperative societies into disorder and violence even without realizing it. Of course, what did we expect when air pollution started changing the chemical composition of the natural world? We have a long bill to pay. 17．What can ants’ ID cards help them to do? A．Resist air pollution. B．Identify colony members. C．Distinguish their roles in the colony. D．Prevent colony conflicts. 18．What does the underlined word “obliterated” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Ruined. B．Recognized. C．Blocked. D．Changed. 19．What does the author think of ants according to paragraph 4? A．Socially active. B．Naturally defensive. C．Ecologically necessary. D．Environmentally sensitive. 20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To describe how ants communicate. B．To show why ant population declines. C．To explore how ants keep the colony in order. D．To explain how ant colonies are affected by pollution. 【06】（2026·云南·三模）Twice a year, when animals like bears and squirrels are either curling up for a deep sleep or stretching their way into spring, migratory birds are getting ready to take epic journeys over land and sea. And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security. And that’s not all. Francisco Rilla, a wildlife biologist and consultant to the UN, said migratory birds also serve as “bioindicators”. In other words, because they tend to avoid polluted areas, their movements provide useful information in the assessment of water and air quality. Migrating birds use the sun, stars, coastlines and large bodies of water to guide them on their journeys across the world. But some places where they stop to rest and refuel along the coasts are being altered by floods connected to rising sea levels. Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds. Without sufficient food, they are less likely to survive tough journeys or successfully reproduce. Though humans often feed birds, Rilla said putting food out for migratory birds can do them more harm than good. If they are given bread and seeds meant for people, they might feel too full to eat the things that provide them with crucial nutrients. He added that putting food in places where it will be easy to spot could expose birds to predators. Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties. This year’s World Migratory Bird Day emphasizes promoting the coexistence between humans and birds. If migratory birds start to disappear, it could affect agriculture and the food chain. In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.” 21．What is the main role of migratory birds in ecosystems? A．Improving food quality. B．Inspiring airplane design. C．Maintaining ecological balance. D．Indicating animals’ migration paths. 22．How does climate change affect migratory birds? A．By polluting coastlines. B．By disturbing their reproduction. C．By confusing their navigation. D．By reducing their food sources. 23．What does Rilla advise helping migratory birds? A．Feeding them nutrient-rich food. B．Expanding protected areas globally. C．Creating safe rest stops along coasts. D．Teaching people to avoid disturbing them. 24．What does the last sentence in the text imply? A．Humans depend on migratory birds. B．Migratory birds need human protection. C．Birds and humans face the same problems. D．The disappearance of birds is unavoidable. 【07】（2026·广东·三模）People often grumble that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and melt into sludge (烂泥), all of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. Until recently, museums only have to worry about traditional materials. “We know how to approach the restoration of paintings, books, and materials like wood, metals, and glass,” says Anna Laganà, a research specialist at the Getty Conservation Institute. “But for plastics, our knowledge is still limited.” Tonkin, now a doctoral researcher in fashion conservation at Nottingham Trent University, agrees. “We’re now trying to figure out how to preserve plastics,” she says. Nearly every museum in the world has plastic items, and even well-cared-for objects can fall apart alarmingly quickly. Museums are doing everything they can to save culturally important items from similar fates. But preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to decline. Worse, biodegradable plastics, designed to fall apart easily, are increasingly common. We now live in an age of plastic, and what we decide to collect today, and what we decide to preserve, will have a strong impact on how we’ll be seen in the future. Future archaeologists looking at what’s left from the 21st century will probably find lots of poisonous waste, along with plenty of plastic trash. But if museum preservation efforts succeed, maybe those scholars will also see that plastic items today can be culturally meaningful — and even cherished. 25．What is the main challenge for museums mentioned in the first paragraph? A．Collecting water bottles and shopping bags. B．Handling the extremely durable plastic trash. C．Preserving plastic objects that degrade easily. D．Restoring traditional materials like wood and glass. 26．What can we know about the preservation of plastics from the text? A．It faces increasing difficulties in the future. B．It has been completely mastered by researchers. C．It is easier than restoring traditional paintings. D．It mainly focuses on biodegradable plastic items. 27．What does the last paragraph mainly want to convey? A．Future archaeologists will only see plastic trash from the 21st century. B．Museums’ efforts on plastics may shape how future generations view us. C．Plastic items today are widely considered meaningful objects. D．Poisonous waste will prevent museums from preserving plastic objects. 28．Where can this passage be found? A．In a history textbook. B．In a fashion magazine. C．In a science report. D．In a science fiction book. 【08】（2026·河南周口·三模）“What color should I paint the house?” said Joe Doucet, a designer and inventor. When he bought a new house in Katonah, New York, he wanted to make it as environmentally friendly as possible. Doucet started by 3D-printing small-scale models of his house, complete with similar levels of insulation (隔热), and painting them in different colors. Over the course of a year, he found that in winter the inside temperature of the black model was warmer than the white one. In summer, the white model house was cooler. “The answer wasn’t: Should I paint it black or white? It was: Black in winter, white in summer,” he said of the findings. “But painting a house twice a year isn’t practical. I thought, ‘There must be another way.’’’ Doucet developed a kind of thermochromic pigment containing liquid crystals and started experimenting with a tin of ordinary housepaint and different additives. (Yes, liquid crystals are highly responsive to temperature changes.) The result was a substance that could change color by absorbing ultra-violet light (which produces heat) above a certain temperature. Despite what he called the “great success” of his initial trials, Doucet found his new paints would slowly degrade in the sunlight. But after experimenting for another year, the designer solved the issue with the help of a protective additive. His climate-responsive paint, as he dubs it, appears “very very dark gray” below 25 ℃ and gradually turns lighter as the temperature rises. Doucet has since filed a patent application for the technology. Doucet sees his invention as a direct response to changing climate, rather than innovative new technology. “This could have been done 70 years ago; there was just no need for it,” he explained. But Doucet’s invention could have an impact on climate pollution amid increasing energy costs and dependence on air conditioning. Beyond the science, Doucet believes there is beauty in the idea that buildings might shift with the seasons, like the leaves on a tree. “There’s something poetic about seeing the built environment change with the seasons in the way nature does,” he said. He also notes that you can tint this pretty much any color. So, with his prototype technology developed, how long until people can paint their houses with it? “Five to 10 years,” said Doucet. So far, he said, responses have ranged from “amazing” to “I don’t believe you”. Nevertheless, Doucet appears confident that his creation has a potentially huge market. Though he is careful not to oversell the impact of his invention. 29．What was the main inspiration behind Joe Doucet’s invention of climate-responsive paint? A．The high cost of traditional house insulation. B．A suggestion from other designers in New York. C．A desire to create a new type of decorative paint. D．The impracticality of painting a house twice a year. 30．What does the underlined word “thermochromic” in Paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．Particularly heat-resistant. B．Chemically stable. C．Color-changing with temperature. D．Highly reflective. 31．What does the sixth paragraph imply about Doucet’s invention? A．It is scientifically proven and commercially impractical. B．It is inspired by nature and limited by material durability. C．It is technologically innovative and environmentally necessary for out planet. D．It responds to current climate issues and was technically possible decades ago. 32．What is the main focus of the passage? A．To compare different house paints available on the market. B．To promote Doucet’s new paint product for immediate sale. C．To explain how a designer created temperature-responsive paint. D．To criticize the slow progress in eco-friendly housing technology. 【09】（2026·甘肃武威·三模）Traditional methods of studying and protecting wildlife are often slow, costly, and inefficient. Researchers usually spend days traveling through natural areas, facing safety risks while collecting limited information. Now, a new AI-powered drone (无人机) system is changing how scientists monitor and protect endangered species worldwide. The system uses high-resolution cameras and a deep-learning algorithm (算法) to identify animals from the air. It can recognize different species, count their numbers, and record positions with about 95% accuracy. Unlike human researchers, the drones can operate both day and night, covering more land in hours than people could in weeks. One important use is monitoring natural habitat loss caused by climate change and human activities. In a recent project in the Amazon rainforest, the AI drones discovered 12 new groups of rare monkeys that had not been recorded before. They also mapped forest damage more accurately than traditional methods, helping environmental organizations take targeted measures. “The greatest value of this technology is its speed and scale,” said Professor Mark White, leader of the research. “By the time we finish a traditional field survey, the situation may have already changed. AI drones provide real-time data so we can act quickly.” Critics warn that widespread use of drones might disturb wildlife and influence animals’ natural behaviors. However, the research team states that their drones fly at a height and speed that cause no noticeable stress. They also reduce the need for humans to enter sensitive environments. Future plans include connecting the drone system with satellite images and building a global AI wildlife database. The team hopes this technology will lead to more scientific and effective conservation. 33．What is a disadvantage of traditional wildlife research? A．It costs little money B．It takes much time C．It is highly efficient D．It causes serious pollution 34．What can the AI drone system do according to paragraph 2? A．Treat injured animals B．Identify different species C．Control climate change D．Change animals’ behaviors 35．What is Professor White’s attitude toward AI drones? A．Supportive B．Doubtful C．Uncaring D．Negative 36．What can we infer from the text? A．Traditional surveys are completely useless B．Drones will replace all human researchers C．AI makes protection work more effective D．All wildlife shows fear of flying drones 【10】（2026·河北沧州·三模）It’s an observation as old as humans’ gathering around campfires: Light at night can draw a crowd of circling insects. And watching their frantic (狂乱的) movements really gives the impression that something is wrong — that instead of searching for food and avoiding predators (捕食者), these insects are trapped by a light. To study this phenomenon, researchers captured high-speed videos of insects around different light sources to determine flight paths and body postures, both in the lab and at two field sites. They found that many insects consistently pointed their backs toward the lights. This is a known behavior called the dorsal (背部的) light response. In nature, assuming that more light comes down from the sky than up from the ground, this response helps keep insects in the proper direction to fly. But pointing their backs toward nearby artificial lights changes their flight paths. They found when insects flew directly under a light, they often arched (拱起) upward as it passed behind them, keeping their backs to the light until they eventually flew straight up and stopped, falling out of the air. Why do insects, the oldest and most species-rich group of flyers, rely on a response that leaves them so vulnerable? It may have to do with their small size. Insects have only small sensory structures. And especially as they perform rapid flight movements, acceleration (加速) offers only a poor indication of which way is down. Instead, they seem to bet on the brightness of the sky. Before modern lighting, the sky was usually brighter than the ground, day or night, so it provided a fairly reliable cue for a small active flyer hoping to keep a steady direction. Now artificial lights have affected this natural ability. Although the circling of insects around a light is an interesting sight, it’s certainly better for the insects and the benefits they provide for humans when we leave the night unlit and let them go about the activities they so masterfully perform under the night sky. 37．What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To explain why insects are attracted to light at night. B．To describe humans’ interest in the behavior of insects. C．To show the importance of studying insects’ circling behavior. D．To arouse readers’ curiosity about the behavior of insects. 38．How does artificial light affect insects? A．It helps them detect food. B．It disturbs their flight patterns. C．It improves their flight stability. D．It leaves them open to predation. 39．Which of the following can replace the underlined part in paragraph 4? A．puts them at risk B．leaves them at ease C．warns them of dangers D．guides them through barriers 40．What can we do to help night-flying insects? A．Reduce light pollution at night. B．Create special habitats for them. C．Avoid disturbing their flying routine. D．Lessen inappropriate outdoor activities. 26 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026全国一卷英语真题完全解读与考后提升 专题03 2026全国一卷阅读C篇(种树未必净化空气？) (解读+技巧+变式) 解析版 权威评价 弘扬科学精神，培育探究能力 试题紧扣科学探究与科技创新前沿，引导学生锤炼分析和探究能力，弘扬科学精神。全国一卷阅读C篇聚焦特定树种释放的化学物质与汽车尾气结合可能造成对健康的影响及相关讨论，引导学生辩证地审视复杂问题，理解其多面性，并思考可持续的解决方案。全国二卷阅读D篇介绍了巴塞罗那地铁列车利用再生制动系统进行能量回收，并创新性地将部分回收能量传输至车站地面充电桩的项目，生动诠释了科技创新驱动绿色交通的理念。试题通过逻辑严谨、启迪思维的语篇，致力点燃科学探究热情，引导学生养成敏锐的观察力和主动探究的科学精神。 C篇为科普说明文，聚焦城市植树与空气质量的生态话题，介绍特定树木释放的化学物质对城市臭氧浓度、居民健康产生的影响，同时呈现园林部门的态度与应对思路。文本紧扣当下生态环保热点，具备鲜明的时代性。题型设置包含细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、观点理解等，对学生长难句解读、科普文本逻辑梳理能力提出较高要求。文章客观呈现科学研究结论与多方观点，引导学生辩证看待问题，树立生态保护意识，培养理性客观的科学思维。 ---《教育部教育考试院：2026年高考英语全国卷试题评析》 文章出处 选自美国哥伦比亚大学官网于2024年8月5日发布的名为 Planting Some Tree Species May Worsen, Not Improve, NYC Air, Says New Study的文章 https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2024/08/05/planting-so me-tree-species-may-worsen-not-improve-nyc-air-says-ne w-study/ 真题再现 In line with longstanding initiatives to expand the green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground- level ozone（臭氧）— a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. "We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane. "But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse." The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy: “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said. "We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. "You have to think about what you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people's health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underline phase "oblivious to" in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about B. Unaware of C. Related to D. Optimistic about 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 权威解析 【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 28.细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 29.推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 30.词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 31.推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 百科知识 官方认知：公园局认为树木不应被视为“敌人 ”，解决空气污染的关键在于反思和改变“以汽车为中心的生活方式 ”。 政策底线：官方不会砍伐老橡树，也不会停止种植新树，因为橡树作为“关键物种 ”在维持生态多样性和提供栖息地方面具有不可替代的价值。 异戊二烯：isoprene是许多植物自然释放的挥发性有机化合物，本身无害，但与氮氧化物nitrogen oxides在阳光下反应可生成地面臭氧ground-level ozone，后者是引发哮喘等呼吸系统疾病的重要因素。 枫香树：sweetgum是常见落叶乔木，原产于北美，因星形叶片和秋季红叶而广泛种植。 障碍词汇 一、障碍单词 shade /ʃeɪd/ n. 树荫；阴凉处 v. 遮挡（阳光） absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ v. 吸收；吸纳 airborne /ˈeəbɔːn/ adj. 空气传播的；空气中的 habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地；生存环境 oak /əʊk/ n. 橡树；栎树 sweetgum /ˈswiːtɡʌm/ n. 枫香树 majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/ n. 大多数；大部分 volatile /ˈvɒlətaɪl/ adj. 挥发性的；易挥发的 compound /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ n. 化合物；复合物 harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ adj. 无害的；无恶意的 interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ v. 相互作用；相互影响 nitrogen /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/ n. 氮 oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ n. 氧化物 emit /ɪˈmɪt/ v. 排放；散发（气体、热量等） ozone /ˈəʊzəʊn/ n. 臭氧 respiratory /rəˈspɪrətri/ adj. 呼吸的；与呼吸有关的 ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ n. 小病；疾病 asthma /ˈæsmə/ n. 哮喘（病） species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种；种类（单复数同形） coauthor /kəʊˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 合著者；共同作者 blame /bleɪm/ v. 归咎于；指责 n. 责任；指责 fossil /ˈfɒsl/ n. 化石 dweller /ˈdwelə(r)/ n. 居民；居住者 oblivious /əˈblɪviəs/ adj. 未察觉的；浑然不知的 connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. 联系；关联 indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ v. 表明；暗示；指示 ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/ v. 忽视；不理睬 consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 后果；结果 advantage /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 优势；益处 describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ v. 描述；描绘 二、障碍短语 account for （数量、比例上）占；解释 ground-level ozone 近地面臭氧 fossil fuels 化石燃料 air quality 空气质量 rise by （数值）增长了 be to blame 应承担责任；该受指责 lower emissions 减少排放 carbon compound 碳化合物 result in 导致；造成 on the whole 总的来说；大体上 draw a conclusion 得出结论 单句填空 1. __________ line with longstanding initiatives __________(expand) the green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. 2. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a __________(surprise) amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, __________ provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 3. __________ could go wrong, though, according to a new study. 4. Oaks and sweetgums, __________ currently account for a __________(major) of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance __________(call) isoprene. 5. __________(harm) by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides __________(release) by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone（臭氧）— __________ major factor in many breathing problems. 6. The research, __________(carry) out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up __________ 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 7. "We're all for __________(plant) more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane. "But if we're not careful, we could make air quality __________(bad)." 8. The Parks Department is not oblivious to __________ issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago __________(conclude) that city trees did release isoprene. 9. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, __________ Parks Department senior scientist. 10. She said trees should not __________(view) as the enemy: “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said. 11. "We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and __________ will the department completely stop __________(plant) new ones, said Auyeung. 12. "You have to think about __________ you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, __________(provide) food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 【答案】1. In, to expand 2. surprising, and 3. Something 4. which, majority, called 5. Harmless, released, a 6. carried, by 7. planting, worse 8. the, concluded 9. a 10. be viewed 11. neither/so, planting 12. what, providing 全文翻译 In line with longstanding initiatives to expand the green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 为落实拓展城市绿地这一长期举措，纽约市每年都会栽种数万棵树木。这些树木能够遮阴、降低地表温度、吸收大量空气中的碳、滤除细微污染物，既为野生动物提供栖息地，也装点了城市风光。 Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground- level ozone（臭氧）— a major factor in many breathing problems. 然而一项新研究表明，此举也存在隐患。目前，橡树和枫香树是纽约市的主力树种，这类树木会释放大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身并无危害，但它会与机动车、建筑及工业排放的污染物氮氧化物快速发生反应，生成近地面臭氧。而臭氧是引发各类呼吸系统疾病的主要诱因。 The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 这项研究由哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构的科学家联合开展。研究发现：如果纽约市在后续植树工作中依旧沿用以往的树种选择模式，未来数十年里，曼哈顿地区的异戊二烯排放量将上涨约140%，夏季臭氧浓度也会随之升高30%之多。 "We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane. "But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse." 该研究的合著者罗辛・科曼表示：“我们都支持多种树，树木带来的益处数不胜数。但如果不加留意，我们反而会让空气质量变得更差。” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy: “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said. 纽约市公园管理局并非对此问题一无所知。该局的研究人员数年前就开展过相关研究，证实城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。公园管理局资深科学家诺文・欧阳说：“我们当时并没有大肆宣扬这件事。” 她认为树木不该被视作敌人：“只要我们改变以汽车为中心的生活方式，那么栽种任何树种都不成问题。” "We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. "You have to think about what you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 诺文・欧阳还称：“我们不会砍伐树龄已久的高大橡树，公园管理局也不会彻底停止栽种新的橡树。大家要想一想，一旦这么做，我们会失去什么。” 她指出，橡树是关键物种，能为本土昆虫、鸟类以及其他动物提供食物和栖息场所。 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people's health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 28. 这项新研究针对橡树和枫香树暗示了什么？ A. 它们会影响其他树木的生长。 B. 它们吸收的碳含量低于预期。 C. 它们会间接危害人体健康。 D. 它们会缓慢提升当地气温。 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 29. 根据这项研究，科曼可能会提出以下哪项建议？ A. 砍伐所有会释放异戊二烯的树木。 B. 暂停植树数十年。 C. 更换新栽种树木的树种。 D. 清除现有树木释放的异戊二烯。 30. What does the underline phase "oblivious to" in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about B. Unaware of C. Related to D. Optimistic about 30. 第五段中划线短语 “oblivious to” 是什么意思？ A. 坦诚对待 B. 一无所知；未察觉 C. 与…… 相关 D. 对…… 持乐观态度 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 31. 欧阳最有可能倡导以下哪一项？ A. 日常生活中减少汽车使用。 B. 为动物打造新的栖息地。 C. 控制人口增长。 D. 针对该问题开展更多研究。 考点统计 2022-2026全国高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026全国一卷C 311+134 人与自然 颠覆认知！纽约种树引发空气污染 30猜测词义题 2026全国一卷D 332+147 人与社会 主动评判美感带来认知能力提升 35推理判断题 2026全国二卷C 328+134 人与社会 书评：关于平均海平面历史的研究 31标题概括题 2026全国二卷D 313+124 人与自然 巴塞罗地铁实现绿色交通能源高效 34主旨大意题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷C 323+113 人与社会 呼吁重新思考街道功能建宜居城市 31标题概括题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神垃圾食品诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍群体智慧效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 满分策略 一、命题特点 1. 选材特点：文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 2. 语篇结构：特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点。 3. 设题特点：就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 4. 命题热点：科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? 二、解题策略 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 学生在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 2. 利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真确定答案 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段主旨概括引领作用。 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 五年真题 01【2026浙江1月卷】 Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述索尔克研究所科学家为固碳优化植物根系，将原追踪动物AI工具SLEAP应用于研究植物根系表型，助力筛选有益基因，这也是跨学科合作的成果。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization ( 优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. (索尔克研究所的科学家们通过强化植物根系，利用其吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这一优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。)”可知，索尔克研究所的科学家们希望让植物储存更多的碳。故选A项。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. (SLEAP 由索尔克研究所的塔尔莫・佩雷拉研发，最初被设计用于在实验室中追踪动物的活动。)”可知，佩雷拉研发SLEAP是为了开展动物相关研究。故选B项。 34.细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. (此外，追踪这些植物根系的物理特征，有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，同时还能弄清多种根系特征是由同一基因决定，还是各自独立调控。这也让索尔克研究所的研究团队能够确定，哪些基因对其植物育种研究最具利用价值。)”可知，SLEAP能帮助科学家识别出利于培育理想根系的基因。故选C项。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段佩雷拉的话“We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts. (我们不只是从不同学科中‘借鉴’，而是真正让各学科处于平等地位，以创造出比各部分总和更有价值的成果。)”可知，跨学科的研究方法能够促进创新。故选C项。 02【2025全国一卷】 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 32.推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.( 至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，决定在水中捕获微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故选A。 34.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.( 尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35.细节理解题。根据最后一段的““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”( 格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳•高肖特-林赛（Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay）没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。”)”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay提出了这项发现的潜在应用，升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 03【2025全国二卷】 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 31. 主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 04【2024新课标I卷】 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 05【2023新课标I卷】 The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 29.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 30.推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。 31.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。 题型变式 书评人与自然类说明文10篇 【01】（25-26高三上·河北保定·期中）I had my appendix (阑尾) removed 30 years ago. While lying sick and weak in hospital, I comforted myself by thinking that the doctor had taken out something useless, not important. The medicine, I believed, was killing the bacteria that caused the problem. These thoughts helped me feel better. But as James Kinross explains in his book Dark matter: The New Science of the Microbiome, I was very wrong. Kinross is a surgeon at St Mary’s Hospital in London and an expert on the human microbiome — the huge and complex group of microbes (微生物) living in and on our bodies. Like many doctors, he once saw these microbes as harmful. But with more people getting diseases like allergies, autoimmune problems, and obesity, scientists began to study how changes in our microbiome might be connected. This book tells the story of how Kinross changed his thinking and now calls for a new approach. He starts by comparing the microbiome to “dark matter” in space — something that affects us greatly but is still not well understood. The microbiome, together with the human body, forms a “holobiont”, shaped by birth, our surroundings, and our immune system (免疫系统). Human’s defensive system doesn’t just fight disease — it also works with the microbiome. For example, the appendix is now seen as a place that stores good microbes. When this teamwork fails, health problems like allergies may happen. Next, Kinross explains how our lifestyle and environment affect the microbiome. Overusing medicines and losing stomach biodiversity, especially in developed countries, is worrying. Food matters a lot, but so do pollution, plastic, and climate change. Medicines also change the microbiome, meaning doctors must think carefully when treating patients. Finally, he discusses how our microbiome has changed over generations. Fixing this won’t be easy, though scientists are exploring ways to restore a healthier microbial balance in the future. For now, Kinross says we must protect our microbiome like protecting a rainforest on the earth — something we all must care for. 1．What do we know about James Kinross? A．He is a scientist researching space. B．He is an authority on human microbes. C．He conducted the operation for the author. D．He assumes the removed organ unimportant. 2．Why does Kinross compare microbes to dark matter in space? A．To illustrate their working principle. B．To highlight the complexity of the research. C．To appeal for teamwork on health problems. D．To indicate its important yet poorly understood nature. 3．What does Kinross recommend for maintaining microbiome health? A．Increase the use of medicine. B．Safeguarding it as something precious. C．Focusing on individual lifestyle changes. D．Investing in advanced scientific research. 4．What is the text? A．A book review. B．A health report. C．A research paper. D．An operating instruction. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了James Kinross的著作Dark matter: The New Science of the Microbiome。作者从个人切除阑尾的经历切入，引起Kinross关于人体微生物组的新科学观点。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Kinross is a surgeon at St Mary’s Hospital in London and an expert on the human microbiome — the huge and complex group of microbes (微生物) living in and on our bodies. (金罗斯是伦敦圣玛丽医院的一名外科医生，也是人体微生物组方面的专家——人体微生物组指的是存在于人体内部及体表的庞大而复杂的微生物群落。)”可知，他是一位研究人类微生物的专家。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“He starts by comparing the microbiome to “dark matter” in space — something that affects us greatly but is still not well understood. (他首先将微生物群落比作宇宙中的“暗物质”——这种物质对我们有着重大影响，但其本质仍不为人所完全理解。)”可知，金罗斯将微生物比作太空中的暗物质，以此来表明其重要性以及目前对其的了解程度之不足。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For now, Kinross says we must protect our microbiome like protecting a rainforest on the earth — something we all must care for. (目前，金罗斯表示，我们必须像保护地球上的热带雨林那样保护我们的微生物群落——这关乎我们所有人都必须关注的事情。)”可知，金罗斯建议将微生物群视为珍贵之物加以保护。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“These thoughts helped me feel better. But as James Kinross explains in his book Dark matter: The New Science of the Microbiome, I was very wrong. (这些想法让我感觉好了一些。但正如詹姆斯·金罗斯在其著作《暗物质：微生物组的新科学》中所阐述的那样，我完全错了。)”以及文章开篇引入个人经历，随后通篇围绕James Kinross的一本书“Dark matter: The New Science of the Microbiome”的核心观点、结构和主张进行介绍与评论，符合书评的特征。故选A。 【02】（25-26高二下·江苏泰州·期中）Was Albert Einstein a lone genius who reshaped physics entirely on his own? A new book, About Time: Free Creations of the Human Mind, by historians Diana Buchwald and Michael Gordin, challenges this popular image. The authors argue that the “solitary genius” is largely a myth — and Einstein is no exception. While acknowledging his extraordinary brilliance, they show that Einstein always worked within a broader scientific community. His special theory of relativity, for example, built upon the research of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré. His explanation of the photoelectric effect drew from Max Planck’s work on energy quanta. Even his job at the Swiss Patent Office, often romanticized as an intellectual exile (放逐), actually kept him connected to cutting-edge electrical technologies. The book also clears up several myths. Einstein was not a poor student; he excelled in mathematics. There is no evidence that he stole ideas from his first wife, Mileva Marić, though she was a capable physicist. His famous abandonment of “absolute time” was a brave combination of existing puzzles, not a bolt from the blue. What makes this biography particularly valuable is its balanced treatment. The authors neither worship Einstein nor seek to “expose” him. Instead, they place him firmly within his historical and social context, showing that even the greatest scientific minds rely on collaboration and prior work. Concise yet insightful, About Time offers a refreshing corrective to the tired myth of the lonely genius. 5．What is the main argument of About Time? A．Einstein was not truly brilliant. B．Einstein’s theories were overrated. C．Einstein stole ideas from his wife. D．Einstein relied on a scientific community. 6．Why does the author mention Einstein’s patent office job? A．To show he failed as a teacher. B．To prove he was socially isolated. C．To argue it was intellectually beneficial. D．To contrast it with other scientists’ jobs. 7．What can be inferred about the book’s authors? A．They try to devalue Einstein’s status. B．They value collaboration in science. C．They focus on Einstein’s weaknesses. D．They reject originality in research. 8．How is the book review organized? A．By presenting a myth and then challenging it. B．By summarizing the book chapter by chapter. C．By comparing it to other Einstein biographies. D．By criticizing the book before praising it. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本关于爱因斯坦的新书，该书挑战了爱因斯坦作为“孤独天才”的流行形象，强调他是在更广泛的科学共同体中工作的，其成就建立在合作与先前研究的基础之上。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The authors argue that the 'solitary genius' is largely a myth — and Einstein is no exception. (作者认为，“孤独的天才”在很大程度上是一个神话——爱因斯坦也不例外。)”可知，该书的主要论点是爱因斯坦并非独自工作，而是依赖于科学共同体。后文进一步举例说明他的相对论建立在Lorentz和Poincaré的研究之上，光电效应的解释借鉴了Planck的能量量子理论，这些都印证了他是“在更广泛的科学共同体中工作”的。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“Even his job at the Swiss Patent Office, often romanticized as an intellectual exile (放逐), actually kept him connected to cutting-edge electrical technologies. (甚至他在瑞士专利局的工作——常被浪漫化为一种智力上的放逐——实际上使他与最前沿的电气技术保持联系。)”可知，作者提及爱因斯坦在专利局的工作是为了论证这份工作实际上在智力上对他是有益的，让他接触到了尖端技术，而非将他孤立。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What makes this biography particularly valuable is its balanced treatment. The authors neither worship Einstein nor seek to ‘expose’ him. Instead, they place him firmly within his historical and social context, showing that even the greatest scientific minds rely on collaboration and prior work. (使这部传记特别有价值的是它平衡的处理方式。作者既不崇拜爱因斯坦，也不试图“揭露”他。相反，他们将他牢牢置于其历史和社会背景中，表明即使是最伟大的科学头脑也依赖于合作和先前的工作。)”可知，作者们重视科学中的合作，强调即使是天才也需要依靠科学共同体。 8．推理判断题。通览全文，文章开篇第一段先提出一个广为流传的观点：“Was Albert Einstein a lone genius who reshaped physics entirely on his own? (爱因斯坦是一个完全靠自己重塑物理学的孤独天才吗？)”随后用“A new book, About Time: Free Creations of the Human Mind, by historians Diana Buchwald and Michael Gordin, challenges this popular image. (历史学家Diana Buchwald和Michael Gordin合著的新书About Time: Free Creations of the Human Mind对这一流行形象提出了挑战。)”引出该书对这一观点的挑战。第二、三段具体阐述该书如何打破这一神话，最后一段评价该书的价值。因此，本文的组织结构是“先呈现一个神话/流行观点，然后对其进行挑战和反驳”。 【03】（2025·江西新余·模拟预测）The Economist, weekly magazine of news and opinion published in London and generally regarded as one of the world’s superb journals of its kind. It provides wide-ranging coverage of general news and particularly of international and political developments and prospects bearing on the world’s economy. The publication is known for its social-libertarian opinion and maintains that free markets provide the best method of running economies and governments. All articles except special reports are published without bylines (there is also no masthead), thereby presenting to readers a unified face. The Economist was founded in 1843 by Scotsman James Wilson with assistance from the Anti-Corn Law League as a voice against England’s Com Laws, regulations governing the import and export of grain. Wilson’s son-in-law Walter Bagehot, who served as editor of The Economist from 1861 to 1877, expanded the publication’s coverage into politics and strengthened its focus on U. S. affairs (Bagehot’s name continues to grace the publication, in the name of the column at the end of the section on Britain). In the early 20th century, The Economist’s socially and politically outstanding editor Sir Walter Layton (1922~38) was influential in establishing the publication as an authority. By 1938 half The Economist’s sales were overseas. Layton’s successor, Geoffrey Crowther (1938~56), thus continued to expand its foreign affairs and business coverage. The magazine’s in-depth coverage of the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941 and the subsequent heavy focus on the United States led to a continual increase in American readership, which rose sharply in the 1970s. During the late 20th century the publication continued to expand its coverage to other areas, including the arts and book reviews. In the early 21st century The Economist was completely redesigned to provide enhanced features such as enriched navigational information, full-colour editorial layouts (2001), and an online audio version (2007). In 2009 The Economist had an international circulation of more than one million, with American readership accounting for more than half the total. 9．What do we know The Economist from the Paragraph 1? A．It’s a great, famous scientist, born in London. B．It’s a famous company once founded in London. C．It mainly introduces economic development. D．It’s famous for its social liberal tendencies. 10．When does The Economist begin to focus on politics? A．In the early 20th century. B．From 1861 to 1877. C．In the 1970s or so. D．In the early 21st century. 11．Which editor made The Economist more authoritative? A．Walter Layton. B．Walter Bagehot. C．James Wilson. D．Geoffrey Crowther. 12．How does the author develop the text? A．By place order. B．By event clue. C．By time order. D．By person clue. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《经济学人》这份杂志的内容、创刊、发展过程等。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The publication is known for its social-libertarian opinion and maintains that free markets provide the best method of running economies and governments. All articles except special reports are published without bylines (there is also no masthead), thereby presenting to readers a unified face.(该出版物以其社会自由主义观点而闻名，并坚持认为自由市场提供了运行经济和政府的最佳方法。除专题报道外，所有文章均不署名（也没有报头），呈现给读者的是统一的面貌。)”可知，《经济学人》以其社会自由主义倾向而闻名。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wilson’s son-in-law Walter Bagehot, who served as editor of The Economist from 1861 to 1877, expanded the publication’s coverage into politics and strengthened its focus on U. S. affairs (Bagehot’s name continues to grace the publication, in the name of the column at the end of the section on Britain).(威尔逊的女婿Walter Bagehot在1861年至1877年期间担任《经济学人》的编辑，他将该刊物的报道范围扩大到政治领域，并加强了对美国事务的关注（Bagehot的名字继续为该刊物增光，在英国专栏的末尾以这个名字命名）。)”可知，从1861年到1877年，《经济学人》开始关注政治领域的内容。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the early 20th century, The Economist’s socially and politically outstanding editor Sir Walter Layton (1922~38) was influential in establishing the publication as an authority.(20世纪初，《经济学人》在社会和政治上都很杰出的编辑Walter Layton爵士（1922~38）在将该出版物确立为权威方面发挥了重要作用。)”可知，编辑Walter Layton使《经济学人》更具权威性。故选A项。 12．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段中“in 1843、from 1861 to 1877”和第三段中“In the early 20th century、By 1938、in 1941、in the 1970s、during the late 20th century”以及第四段中“In the early 21st century、In 2009”等各段叙述的事件可知，作者是按照时间顺序展开叙述的。故选C项。 【04】（25-26高二下·福建·阶段检测）Many people assume timidity — or its close cousin, shyness — is merely a negative trait. Calling people timid may suggest they are carrying anxiety, fear, and a lack of confidence. While some of these associations might be accurate, timidity might go hand in hand with thoughtfulness, deliberateness (审慎), and even a rich and full interior life. Here comes Jonathan Todd’s new middle-grade graphic novel, Timid. The bright cover of the book suggests the potential for all these characteristics captured in a single image. A teen sits behind an oversized red notebook with cartoon sketches displayed across its cover. He’s wide-eyed, his oversized glasses poking out from behind the notebook. The rest of his face is almost completely unseen, as four giant sweat drops jump off his forehead. He’s obviously anxious, holding his notebook tightly with two huddled (蜷缩的) arms. But what else is going on behind the surface? Written and drawn by cartoonist Jonathan Todd, who has dedicated the book to “anyone who has ever felt alone”, Timid follows the boy on the cover, 12-year-old Cecil Hall. He’s a 7th grader whose family moves from Florida, where they’ve been living for most of his life, to Massachusetts. From the beginning, it’s clear that Cecil knows exactly who he is and who he wants to be — a future famous cartoonist. But others around him, partly because he’s so quiet, don’t always take his preferences into account. Cecil’s father thinks his son needs to be tougher, because it was toughness that got him through his own childhood. His sister advises him to befriend other children at his new school instantly. But it’s his gentle, soft-spoken mother who makes him feel most relaxed. His mother trusts he’ll find his way on his own terms. Organized into 14 chapters illustrated in deliciously bright colors, this book captures the powerful emotions that drive young people’s lives with its unique, cartoony drawing style. As Timid unfolds, readers come to understand that Cecil’s quiet nature is only part of his story. Through his art and small acts of bravery, he reveals a rich inner world, one that holds both his fears and dreams. 13．What can we learn about timidity from paragraph 1? A．It is a rare trait. B．It is just a negative quality. C．It is related to one’s creativity. D．It is misunderstood by many people. 14．What does the description of the book’s cover provide? A．A visual representation of timidity. B．A brief introduction of the book’s plot. C．The challenges faced by timid children. D．The common design of graphic novels. 15．What may Cecil’s mother advise him to do? A．Stay gentle and repay kindness in life. B．Grow strong and learn to embrace challenges. C．Be himself and find his own path independently. D．Feel relaxed and allow himself to let go of tension. 16．What is the text? A．A novel. B．A book review. C．A private journal. D．A biography. 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是乔纳森·托德（Jonathan Todd）的新青少年图像小说《怯懦》（Timid）。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“While some of these associations might be accurate, timidity might go hand in hand with thoughtfulness, deliberateness (审慎), and even a rich and full interior life.(虽然这些关联或许不无道理，但怯懦也可能与体贴周到、审慎行事，甚至与丰富充实的内心世界相伴相生。)”可知，怯懦被许多人误解了。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Here comes Jonathan Todd’s new middle-grade graphic novel, Timid. The bright cover of the book suggests the potential for all these characteristics captured in a single image.(乔纳森·托德（Jonathan Todd）的全新青少年图像小说《怯懦》（Timid）应运而生。这本书色彩鲜艳的封面，似乎将所有这些特质都浓缩在了一幅画面之中。)”可知，这本书封面的描述提供了怯懦的视觉表现。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But it’s his gentle, soft-spoken mother who makes him feel most relaxed. His mother trusts he’ll find his way on his own terms.(但让他感到最放松的，是他温柔、轻声细语的母亲。母亲相信他会以自己的方式找到出路。)”可知，Cecil的母亲可能会建议他做真实的自己，独立找到自己的道路。故选C。 16．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Organized into 14 chapters illustrated in deliciously bright colors, this book captures the powerful emotions that drive young people’s lives with its unique, cartoony drawing style. As Timid unfolds, readers come to understand that Cecil’s quiet nature is only part of his story. Through his art and small acts of bravery, he reveals a rich inner world, one that holds both his fears and dreams.(这本书以令人愉悦的鲜艳色彩绘制，共分为14章，以其独特的卡通画风捕捉了驱动年轻人生活的强烈情感。随着《怯懦》的故事展开，读者逐渐明白，Cecil的安静只是他故事的一部分。通过他的艺术作品和小小的勇敢举动，他展现了一个丰富的内心世界，那里既有他的恐惧，也有他的梦想。)”可知，本文主要讲的是乔纳森·托德（Jonathan Todd）的新青少年图像小说《怯懦》（Timid），因此这篇文章是一篇书评，故选B。 【05】（2026·山东青岛·三模）Ants rely heavily on smell signals to tell every member of the colony (群体) who belongs and who is an outsider. Their unique ID cards, based on alkalines (碱性物), work for individual recognition among ants. A new study conducted by the Max Planck Institute and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that human-caused air pollution may cause civil wars within ant colonies. The problem is with ozone (臭氧), a common urban pollutant that can easily degrade alkalines. You can see where this is headed. Researchers found that when ants from six different species were exposed to 100 parts per billion of ozone, a level commonly reached in major cities during the summer, their chemical signatures were obliterated in as little as 20 minutes. This was a full-on disaster for ant colonies. When worker ants exposed to ozone returned home, their own colony couldn’t recognize them anymore. In five of the six species tested, the colony reacted with immediate violence, threatening and attacking their own citizens. In separate experiments, urban-level ozone disturbed care behavior deep inside the colony, leading to the death of baby ants. Who Cares About an Ant Civil War? You might think, well, they’re just ants. They’re small. Insignificant. But ants represent a huge part of the Earth’s biomass and do all of the dirty work that we take for granted, like turning soil, spreading seeds, and cleaning out ecosystems. Climate change and pesticides (杀虫剂) get a lot of the blame for population declines in all sorts of animal species, insects included, but this research is saying that, by making ants smell different, we are throwing their hyper-functional, ultra-cooperative societies into disorder and violence even without realizing it. Of course, what did we expect when air pollution started changing the chemical composition of the natural world? We have a long bill to pay. 17．What can ants’ ID cards help them to do? A．Resist air pollution. B．Identify colony members. C．Distinguish their roles in the colony. D．Prevent colony conflicts. 18．What does the underlined word “obliterated” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Ruined. B．Recognized. C．Blocked. D．Changed. 19．What does the author think of ants according to paragraph 4? A．Socially active. B．Naturally defensive. C．Ecologically necessary. D．Environmentally sensitive. 20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To describe how ants communicate. B．To show why ant population declines. C．To explore how ants keep the colony in order. D．To explain how ant colonies are affected by pollution. 【答案】17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了空气污染会破坏蚂蚁的化学标志，导致蚁群内部发生冲突。 【详解】17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Their unique ID cards, based on alkalines, work for individual recognition among ants. (蚂蚁依靠碱性物质形成独特的“身份标识”，以此来辨别彼此身份。)”可知，蚂蚁的身份标识可以帮助它们识别群体成员。 18．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The problem is with ozone (臭氧), a common urban pollutant that can easily degrade alkalines. (问题在于臭氧，这是一种常见的城市污染物，很容易降解碱性物质。)”以及“Researchers found that when ants from six different species were exposed to 100 parts per billion of ozone, a level commonly reached in major cities during the summer, their chemical signatures were obliterated in as little as 20 minutes. (研究人员发现，当来自六个不同物种的蚂蚁暴露在十亿分之一百浓度的臭氧中时（这是大城市夏季常见的浓度水平），它们的化学特征在短短20分钟内就被obliterated。)”可知，臭氧会降解碱性物，从而破坏蚂蚁的化学信号，因此obliterated意为“破坏，毁掉”，与ruined意思相近。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But ants represent a huge part of the Earth’s biomass and do all of the dirty work that we take for granted, like turning soil, spreading seeds, and cleaning out ecosystems. (但是蚂蚁占了地球生物量的很大一部分，并且做着那些我们视为理所当然的脏活累活，比如翻动土壤、传播种子以及清理生态系统。)”可知，作者认为蚂蚁在生态系统中承担着翻土、传播种子、清洁生态等不可或缺的工作，说明蚂蚁在生态上是必要的。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A new study conducted by the Max Planck Institute and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that human-caused air pollution may cause civil wars within ant colonies. (一项由马克斯·普朗克研究所开展、并发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的新研究揭示，人为造成的空气污染可能会引发蚁群内部的内战。)”及全文内容可知，文章从蚂蚁依靠气味识别同伴讲起，重点介绍了研究发现人类造成的空气污染（臭氧）会破坏蚂蚁的化学标志，导致蚁群内部发生冲突甚至幼蚁死亡。作者的目的是解释污染如何影响蚁群。 【06】（2026·云南·三模）Twice a year, when animals like bears and squirrels are either curling up for a deep sleep or stretching their way into spring, migratory birds are getting ready to take epic journeys over land and sea. And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security. And that’s not all. Francisco Rilla, a wildlife biologist and consultant to the UN, said migratory birds also serve as “bioindicators”. In other words, because they tend to avoid polluted areas, their movements provide useful information in the assessment of water and air quality. Migrating birds use the sun, stars, coastlines and large bodies of water to guide them on their journeys across the world. But some places where they stop to rest and refuel along the coasts are being altered by floods connected to rising sea levels. Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds. Without sufficient food, they are less likely to survive tough journeys or successfully reproduce. Though humans often feed birds, Rilla said putting food out for migratory birds can do them more harm than good. If they are given bread and seeds meant for people, they might feel too full to eat the things that provide them with crucial nutrients. He added that putting food in places where it will be easy to spot could expose birds to predators. Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties. This year’s World Migratory Bird Day emphasizes promoting the coexistence between humans and birds. If migratory birds start to disappear, it could affect agriculture and the food chain. In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.” 21．What is the main role of migratory birds in ecosystems? A．Improving food quality. B．Inspiring airplane design. C．Maintaining ecological balance. D．Indicating animals’ migration paths. 22．How does climate change affect migratory birds? A．By polluting coastlines. B．By disturbing their reproduction. C．By confusing their navigation. D．By reducing their food sources. 23．What does Rilla advise helping migratory birds? A．Feeding them nutrient-rich food. B．Expanding protected areas globally. C．Creating safe rest stops along coasts. D．Teaching people to avoid disturbing them. 24．What does the last sentence in the text imply? A．Humans depend on migratory birds. B．Migratory birds need human protection. C．Birds and humans face the same problems. D．The disappearance of birds is unavoidable. 【答案】21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文介绍了候鸟在生态系统中的作用、气候变化对其的影响及专家建议的保护措施，强调人与鸟类命运共存。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第二段“And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security.(这样一来，它们在维持自然平衡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它们在各地飞行，为植物授粉、传播种子，并通过捕食昆虫和其他无脊椎动物来防治虫害，从而帮助维护生态系统的健康，而这反过来又促进了粮食安全)”可知，鸟类迁徙对维持生态平衡起到重要作用。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段“Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds.(小型甲壳类动物是候鸟的重要食物来源，但在因吸收过多二氧化碳而酸化加剧的海水中，它们难以形成外壳和骨架。这对候鸟产生了连锁反应)”可知，海洋酸化导致甲壳类动物难以形成外壳（食物源减少），直接影响鸟类生存。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties.(相反，Rilla建议通过敦促各国政府借助国际条约来扩大保护区网络，以此帮助这些“旅行者”)”可知，Rilla建议通过国际条约敦促政府扩大鸟类迁徙的保护区域。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一句“In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.”(换言之，正如Rillo所言：“发生在它们身上的事，也可能会发生在我们身上。”)”以及结合前文提到的候鸟对生态平衡、粮食安全的重要性可知，这句话暗示人类依赖候鸟，它们的生存状况与人类息息相关。 【07】（2026·广东·三模）People often grumble that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and melt into sludge (烂泥), all of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. Until recently, museums only have to worry about traditional materials. “We know how to approach the restoration of paintings, books, and materials like wood, metals, and glass,” says Anna Laganà, a research specialist at the Getty Conservation Institute. “But for plastics, our knowledge is still limited.” Tonkin, now a doctoral researcher in fashion conservation at Nottingham Trent University, agrees. “We’re now trying to figure out how to preserve plastics,” she says. Nearly every museum in the world has plastic items, and even well-cared-for objects can fall apart alarmingly quickly. Museums are doing everything they can to save culturally important items from similar fates. But preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to decline. Worse, biodegradable plastics, designed to fall apart easily, are increasingly common. We now live in an age of plastic, and what we decide to collect today, and what we decide to preserve, will have a strong impact on how we’ll be seen in the future. Future archaeologists looking at what’s left from the 21st century will probably find lots of poisonous waste, along with plenty of plastic trash. But if museum preservation efforts succeed, maybe those scholars will also see that plastic items today can be culturally meaningful — and even cherished. 25．What is the main challenge for museums mentioned in the first paragraph? A．Collecting water bottles and shopping bags. B．Handling the extremely durable plastic trash. C．Preserving plastic objects that degrade easily. D．Restoring traditional materials like wood and glass. 26．What can we know about the preservation of plastics from the text? A．It faces increasing difficulties in the future. B．It has been completely mastered by researchers. C．It is easier than restoring traditional paintings. D．It mainly focuses on biodegradable plastic items. 27．What does the last paragraph mainly want to convey? A．Future archaeologists will only see plastic trash from the 21st century. B．Museums’ efforts on plastics may shape how future generations view us. C．Plastic items today are widely considered meaningful objects. D．Poisonous waste will prevent museums from preserving plastic objects. 28．Where can this passage be found? A．In a history textbook. B．In a fashion magazine. C．In a science report. D．In a science fiction book. 【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．C 【导语】文章详细介绍了博物馆塑料文物保护的现状、挑战与意义。 【详解】25．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and melt into sludge (烂泥), all of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.(但一些塑料材料会随着时间推移发生变化，出现开裂并融化成泥状物，这给博物馆等致力于保护重要文化物品的机构带来了巨大难题。)”可知，第一段中提到的博物馆面临的主要挑战是保存易降解的塑料物品。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句“But preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to decline. Worse, biodegradable plastics, designed to fall apart easily, are increasingly common.(但塑料的保存将变得越来越困难。旧物品持续劣化。更糟糕的是，那些设计为易于分解的可生物降解塑料正变得越来越普遍。)”可知，塑料的保存在未来将面临越来越大的困难。 27．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We now live in an age of plastic, and what we decide to collect today, and what we decide to preserve, will have a strong impact on how we’ll be seen in the future.(我们现在生活在塑料时代，我们今天决定收集什么、保护什么，会对未来我们这个时代被如何看待产生强烈影响。)”可知，最后一段旨在说明博物馆保护塑料文物的努力会影响后代对我们的看法。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and melt into sludge (烂泥), all of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.(但一些塑料材料会随着时间推移发生变化，出现开裂并融化成泥状物，这给博物馆等致力于保护重要文化物品的机构带来了巨大难题。)”可知，本文围绕博物馆塑料文物保护问题展开，属于科学领域的相关报道，最可能出现在科学报告中。 【08】（2026·河南周口·三模）“What color should I paint the house?” said Joe Doucet, a designer and inventor. When he bought a new house in Katonah, New York, he wanted to make it as environmentally friendly as possible. Doucet started by 3D-printing small-scale models of his house, complete with similar levels of insulation (隔热), and painting them in different colors. Over the course of a year, he found that in winter the inside temperature of the black model was warmer than the white one. In summer, the white model house was cooler. “The answer wasn’t: Should I paint it black or white? It was: Black in winter, white in summer,” he said of the findings. “But painting a house twice a year isn’t practical. I thought, ‘There must be another way.’’’ Doucet developed a kind of thermochromic pigment containing liquid crystals and started experimenting with a tin of ordinary housepaint and different additives. (Yes, liquid crystals are highly responsive to temperature changes.) The result was a substance that could change color by absorbing ultra-violet light (which produces heat) above a certain temperature. Despite what he called the “great success” of his initial trials, Doucet found his new paints would slowly degrade in the sunlight. But after experimenting for another year, the designer solved the issue with the help of a protective additive. His climate-responsive paint, as he dubs it, appears “very very dark gray” below 25 ℃ and gradually turns lighter as the temperature rises. Doucet has since filed a patent application for the technology. Doucet sees his invention as a direct response to changing climate, rather than innovative new technology. “This could have been done 70 years ago; there was just no need for it,” he explained. But Doucet’s invention could have an impact on climate pollution amid increasing energy costs and dependence on air conditioning. Beyond the science, Doucet believes there is beauty in the idea that buildings might shift with the seasons, like the leaves on a tree. “There’s something poetic about seeing the built environment change with the seasons in the way nature does,” he said. He also notes that you can tint this pretty much any color. So, with his prototype technology developed, how long until people can paint their houses with it? “Five to 10 years,” said Doucet. So far, he said, responses have ranged from “amazing” to “I don’t believe you”. Nevertheless, Doucet appears confident that his creation has a potentially huge market. Though he is careful not to oversell the impact of his invention. 29．What was the main inspiration behind Joe Doucet’s invention of climate-responsive paint? A．The high cost of traditional house insulation. B．A suggestion from other designers in New York. C．A desire to create a new type of decorative paint. D．The impracticality of painting a house twice a year. 30．What does the underlined word “thermochromic” in Paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．Particularly heat-resistant. B．Chemically stable. C．Color-changing with temperature. D．Highly reflective. 31．What does the sixth paragraph imply about Doucet’s invention? A．It is scientifically proven and commercially impractical. B．It is inspired by nature and limited by material durability. C．It is technologically innovative and environmentally necessary for out planet. D．It responds to current climate issues and was technically possible decades ago. 32．What is the main focus of the passage? A．To compare different house paints available on the market. B．To promote Doucet’s new paint product for immediate sale. C．To explain how a designer created temperature-responsive paint. D．To criticize the slow progress in eco-friendly housing technology. 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．D 32．C 【导语】文章介绍了设计师Doucet为实现房屋节能环保，发明随温度变色的环保涂料及其研发历程。 【详解】29．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“‘The answer wasn’t: Should I paint it black or white? It was: Black in winter, white in summer,’(答案不是：我该把它画成黑色还是白色？而是：冬天是黑的，夏天是白的。)”以及“But painting a house twice a year isn’t practical. I thought, ‘There must be another way.’(但每年给房子刷两次漆并不现实。我心想：“一定还有别的办法。”)”可知，他最初通过实验发现冬季黑色保暖、夏季白色凉爽，但一年刷两次漆不现实，这才促使他寻找替代方案。因此发明的主要灵感来源是一年刷两次漆的不切实际。 30．词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词后面的句子“The result was a substance that could change color by absorbing ultra-violet light above a certain temperature(结果是一种能够吸收紫外线（产生热量）并随温度升高而改变颜色的物质。)”可知，Doucet所研发的这种颜料含有液晶，能随温度变化而变色。C选项“Color-changing with temperature.( 随温度变化而变色)”与划线词意思相近。 31．推理判断题。根据第六段中“Doucet sees his invention as a direct response to changing climate, rather than innovative new technology.( Doucet认为他的发明是对气候变化的直接回应，而非一项创新性的新技术。)”以及“This could have been done 70 years ago; there was just no need for it,(这本可以70年前就完成的，只是当时并不需要。)”可知，这项发明是对当前气候变化的回应，而技术本身几十年前就能实现，只是当时没有需求。 32．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章围绕设计师Joe Doucet如何从“冬季黑、夏季白”的发现出发，经过实验开发出随温度变色的环保漆的过程展开。C选项“To explain how a designer created temperature-responsive paint.(解释设计师如何创造出一种温度敏感的涂料。)”能概括文章主旨。 【09】（2026·甘肃武威·三模）Traditional methods of studying and protecting wildlife are often slow, costly, and inefficient. Researchers usually spend days traveling through natural areas, facing safety risks while collecting limited information. Now, a new AI-powered drone (无人机) system is changing how scientists monitor and protect endangered species worldwide. The system uses high-resolution cameras and a deep-learning algorithm (算法) to identify animals from the air. It can recognize different species, count their numbers, and record positions with about 95% accuracy. Unlike human researchers, the drones can operate both day and night, covering more land in hours than people could in weeks. One important use is monitoring natural habitat loss caused by climate change and human activities. In a recent project in the Amazon rainforest, the AI drones discovered 12 new groups of rare monkeys that had not been recorded before. They also mapped forest damage more accurately than traditional methods, helping environmental organizations take targeted measures. “The greatest value of this technology is its speed and scale,” said Professor Mark White, leader of the research. “By the time we finish a traditional field survey, the situation may have already changed. AI drones provide real-time data so we can act quickly.” Critics warn that widespread use of drones might disturb wildlife and influence animals’ natural behaviors. However, the research team states that their drones fly at a height and speed that cause no noticeable stress. They also reduce the need for humans to enter sensitive environments. Future plans include connecting the drone system with satellite images and building a global AI wildlife database. The team hopes this technology will lead to more scientific and effective conservation. 33．What is a disadvantage of traditional wildlife research? A．It costs little money B．It takes much time C．It is highly efficient D．It causes serious pollution 34．What can the AI drone system do according to paragraph 2? A．Treat injured animals B．Identify different species C．Control climate change D．Change animals’ behaviors 35．What is Professor White’s attitude toward AI drones? A．Supportive B．Doubtful C．Uncaring D．Negative 36．What can we infer from the text? A．Traditional surveys are completely useless B．Drones will replace all human researchers C．AI makes protection work more effective D．All wildlife shows fear of flying drones 【答案】33．B 34．B 35．A 36．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了人工智能无人机系统在野生动物监测与保护工作中的应用、优势、现存争议以及未来发展规划。 【详解】33．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Traditional methods of studying and protecting wildlife are often slow, costly, and inefficient.(传统的野生动物研究与保护方式往往进度缓慢、成本高昂且效率低下。)”可知，耗费大量时间是传统野生动物研究的一项弊端。 34．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“The system uses high-resolution cameras and a deep-learning algorithm to identify animals from the air.(该系统搭载高清摄像头与深度学习算法，可从空中识别动物。)”可知，人工智能无人机系统能够识别不同的物种。 35．推理判断题。根据原文第四段““The greatest value of this technology is its speed and scale,” said Professor Mark White, leader of the research. “By the time we finish a traditional field survey, the situation may have already changed. AI drones provide real-time data so we can act quickly.”(该研究负责人马克・怀特教授表示：“这项技术最大的优势在于它的效率与覆盖范围。当我们完成传统实地调查时，情况或许早已发生变化。人工智能无人机能够提供实时数据，让我们可以迅速采取行动。”)” 可知，怀特教授对人工智能无人机持支持的态度。 36．推理判断题。根据原文原文第二段“The system uses high-resolution cameras and a deep-learning algorithm(算法) to identify animals from the air.(该系统搭载高清摄像头与深度学习算法，可从空中识别动物。)”及最后一段“The team hopes this technology will lead to more scientific and effective conservation.(该团队希望这项技术能让野生动物保护工作变得更加科学、高效。)”可知，人工智能让野生动物保护工作变得更有成效。 【10】（2026·河北沧州·三模）It’s an observation as old as humans’ gathering around campfires: Light at night can draw a crowd of circling insects. And watching their frantic (狂乱的) movements really gives the impression that something is wrong — that instead of searching for food and avoiding predators (捕食者), these insects are trapped by a light. To study this phenomenon, researchers captured high-speed videos of insects around different light sources to determine flight paths and body postures, both in the lab and at two field sites. They found that many insects consistently pointed their backs toward the lights. This is a known behavior called the dorsal (背部的) light response. In nature, assuming that more light comes down from the sky than up from the ground, this response helps keep insects in the proper direction to fly. But pointing their backs toward nearby artificial lights changes their flight paths. They found when insects flew directly under a light, they often arched (拱起) upward as it passed behind them, keeping their backs to the light until they eventually flew straight up and stopped, falling out of the air. Why do insects, the oldest and most species-rich group of flyers, rely on a response that leaves them so vulnerable? It may have to do with their small size. Insects have only small sensory structures. And especially as they perform rapid flight movements, acceleration (加速) offers only a poor indication of which way is down. Instead, they seem to bet on the brightness of the sky. Before modern lighting, the sky was usually brighter than the ground, day or night, so it provided a fairly reliable cue for a small active flyer hoping to keep a steady direction. Now artificial lights have affected this natural ability. Although the circling of insects around a light is an interesting sight, it’s certainly better for the insects and the benefits they provide for humans when we leave the night unlit and let them go about the activities they so masterfully perform under the night sky. 37．What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To explain why insects are attracted to light at night. B．To describe humans’ interest in the behavior of insects. C．To show the importance of studying insects’ circling behavior. D．To arouse readers’ curiosity about the behavior of insects. 38．How does artificial light affect insects? A．It helps them detect food. B．It disturbs their flight patterns. C．It improves their flight stability. D．It leaves them open to predation. 39．Which of the following can replace the underlined part in paragraph 4? A．puts them at risk B．leaves them at ease C．warns them of dangers D．guides them through barriers 40．What can we do to help night-flying insects? A．Reduce light pollution at night. B．Create special habitats for them. C．Avoid disturbing their flying routine. D．Lessen inappropriate outdoor activities. 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．A 40．A 【导语】主要说明了人们很早就发现昆虫夜间会围着灯光打转。研究表明人造光打乱了昆虫依靠天光辨别方向的本能，使其飞行失常，减少夜间灯光可保护它们。 【详解】37．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s an observation as old as humans’ gathering around campfires: Light at night can draw a crowd of circling insects. And watching their frantic (狂乱的) movements really gives the impression that something is wrong — that instead of searching for food and avoiding predators (捕食者), these insects are trapped by a light.(这是一直以来人类围着篝火聚集时的观察：夜晚的灯光会吸引一群飞舞的昆虫。看着它们慌乱的举动，让人感觉似乎出了问题——这些昆虫本该在寻找食物、躲避捕食者，却反而被光所困住)”可知，第一段的目的是激发读者对昆虫行为的好奇心。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段“But pointing their backs toward nearby artificial lights changes their flight paths.(但将背朝附近的灯光，会改变它们的飞行路线)”可知，人工光破坏昆虫的飞行模式。 39．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It may have to do with their small size. Insects have only small sensory structures. And especially as they perform rapid flight movements, acceleration (加速) offers only a poor indication of which way is down. Instead, they seem to bet on the brightness of the sky.(这可能与它们体型较小有关。昆虫只有微小的感官结构，尤其在进行快速飞行时，加速度并不能很好地判断方向是朝下还是朝上。相反，它们似乎依靠天空的亮度来判断)”可知，这种本能反应让昆虫出现飞行失常、坠落等状况，故划线词意思是“增加它们的风险”。 40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although the circling of insects around a light is an interesting sight, it’s certainly better for the insects and the benefits they provide for humans when we leave the night unlit and let them go about the activities they so masterfully perform under the night sky.(尽管昆虫围绕灯光盘旋是一种有趣的景象，但当我们让夜晚不被点亮，让它们在夜空中自由活动时，这对昆虫来说无疑更好，也更有利于人类)”可知，我们可以减少夜间光污染来帮助夜间飞行的昆虫。 11 / 39 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $