内容正文:
新版人教版八年级下册Unit 8 知识点、语法点及练习
72页
1. clean up 打扫,清理
2. guide visitors 引导游客
3. give directions指路
4. sort waste垃圾分类
5. provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb给某人提供……
6. pick up捡起,拾起
7. it’s one’s duty to do sth做……是某人的责任
8. a good use of…… ……的妥善使用
9. look after照顾
take care of照顾
care for照顾;喜欢,想要
care about关心,在意
10. the elderly老人
73页
1. inspire sb to do sth激励某人做……
2. How often……?(问动作发生的频率)多久一次?
3. offer to do sth主动提出做……
offer sb sth= offer sth to sb给某人提供……
4. in fact事实上
5. fill A with B 用 B 装满 A(主动)
be filled with 充满……= be full of
6. show sb around 带某人参观
74页
1. stay+形容词:保持……
2. come along赶快,跟着来
3. nursing home养老院
75页
1. a member of ……的一员
2. help out分担工作,帮忙做
3. get lost=be lost迷路
4. be proud to do sth很荣幸做……
be proud of 为……感到骄傲
76、77页
1. a call to action行动号召
2. since then从那时起
3. ever since : (1)单独用(副词短语):从那以后,自此
放在句首 / 句中 / 句末均可,主句常用现在完成时
例:He moved here in 2020. Ever since, he has lived here.
他 2020 年搬来,从那以后就一直住这儿。
(2)ever since + 时间点
例:He has worked here ever since 2018.自从 2018 年起,他就在这儿工作了。
(3)ever since + 一般过去时从句
例:I have known her ever since we were kids.从小时候起我就认识她了。
4. sign up报名,加入
5. prepare for为……做准备
6. search for寻找,搜寻
7.(1) sometimes(副词) 有时;偶尔(表频率)
放在句首 / 句中 / 句末
(2)sometime(副词)某个时候(过去 / 将来不确定的时间点)
例句:I will visit you sometime next week.
我下周某个时候会来看你。
(3)some time(名词短语)一段时间;一阵子(time 表 “时间”,不可数)
例句:I stayed there for some time. 我在那儿待了一阵子。
(4)some times(名词短语)几次;几倍(time 表 “次数 / 倍数”,可数,复数)
例句:I have been to Beijing some times. 我去过北京好几次了。
8. the key to+名词/代词/动词ing: ……的钥匙/关键
9. most of all最重要的是
10. rush into冲进……
rush into doing sth 仓促做……
11. make a difference有作用,有影响
78页
1. in need 需要帮助的
2. stick to+名词/代词/动词ing: 坚持,遵守
3. be worth the effort值得付出努力,不枉费心
4. hand out分发,施舍
79页
1. carry out执行,实施
2. be willing to do sth愿意做……
3. be familiar with对……很了解
Unit 8 语法点
这一单元学习了现在完成时与for + 时间段、since + 时间点 / 从句的连用。这时表示动作从过去持续到现在。所以,在这个句式中要使用延续性动词。
1. for 与 since 核心用法
(1)for + 时间段
例句:I have lived here for five years. 我在这里住了五年。
(2)since + 时间点 /since + 一般过去时从句
例句:He has worked here since 2018. 他从 2018 年就在这工作。
since + 一般过去时从句(从句动作是过去起点)
例句:I have known her since we were children. 我从小就认识她。
(3)练习: 用since/ for填空
①I have been in China ________ seven years.
②Tom has kept this book _______ last weekend.
③Lucy hasn’t watched the basketball game ______ she was three years old.
④We have volunteered in the animal shelter ________ two months.
⑤Chen Jie hasn’t sent me the letter ______ 15 days.
2. 区分延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
常见的延续性动词有 learn、work、live、know、walk、watch、sleep、stay、wait、keep 等。延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,如 how long、for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、since 引导的时间状语从句(一般过去时)、since+一段时间+ago 等。
(2)非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后即刻停止。
常见的非延续性动词有 open、close、die、begin、come、go、borrow、lend、buy、move 等,表示某个动作的结果还存在,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换。
(3)练习:判断下列单词哪些是延续性动词,哪些是非延续性动词。
buy ,be ,borrow ,marry,keep ,stay ,live ,work, arrive,leave ,study,read ,go ,talk,begin ,borrow ,play ,have ,give ,remember ,marry,receive
延续性动词:_______________
非延续性动词:_________________
(4)在否定句中,非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
例句:I haven’t heard from my friend for three weeks.
我已经有三个星期没有收到我朋友的来信了。
(5)(了解部分)非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法:将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”,或者将非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词,这样才能和时间段连用。
瞬间动词(原形)
中文
对应延续表达
die
死亡
be dead
leave
离开
be away
arrive / get to
到达
be in / be at
buy
购买
have
borrow
借入
keep
lend
借出
keep
join
加入(团体)
be in / be a member of
begin / start
开始
be on
finish / end
结束
be over
open
打开
be open
close
关闭
be closed
marry
结婚
be married
wake up
醒来
be awake
fall asleep/go to bed
入睡
be asleep
catch a cold
感冒
have a cold
lose
丢失
be lost
(6)练习:按照例子改写句子
例:He arrived in Shanghai two days ago.
→ He has been in Shanghai for two days.
①The sports meeting started an hour ago.
________________________
②I bought this book last year.
_________________________
语法点 练习答案
1. (3) for since since for for
2. (3)延续性动词: be ,keep ,stay ,live, work, study , read ,talk,play ,have ,remember
非延续性动词:arrive,leave ,go ,begin ,buy,borrow ,marry,give ,receive
2. (6) The sports meeting has been on for an hour.
I have had this book since last year.
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