精品解析：北京市北京中学2025-2026学年高二下学期6月阶段检测英语试题

2025—2026学年度第二学期质量调研试题 高二年级英语学科 本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The 1,200 government relief cheque arrived on a Tuesday. My first thought was to divide it — 300 for each of my four grown children — but a quiet, familiar ____1____ in my heart told me this money belonged elsewhere. My mind went back to 2008. That was the year a bicycle accident ____2____ my husband’s feet forever. For six long years, until he passed away in 2014, the quiet, endless ____3____ of Jefferson Washington Township Hospital became my second home, a world ____4____ in the rhythmic beep of monitors. The doctors and nurses there didn’t just ____5____ his vitals; they held me upright. Back then, I had nothing to give but ____6____. I spent hours crafting letters of praise for every nurse who adjusted a pillow or shared a kind look or stayed a minute longer in the 4 AM silence. I promised myself that if I ever had the means, I would do something more than just write. I called Scarpinato’s — my favorite local Italian spot — and ordered 110 hot lunches. I watched the trays of pasta and bread being ____7____ into the ICU and surgical units. Inside, the staff began to gather. Exhausted residents and supply-room workers finally ____8____ their shoulders for a moment, their faces softening as they took their first bite. As the steam rose in the cool air, I stood by the same hospital entrance where I had spent so many difficult nights. A sharp surge of warmth ____9____ me. I looked at the sky and smiled, knowing he was watching those trays, too. ____10____ is funny like that; it never really leaves you. It just waits for the right moment to find its way back home. 1. A. wish B. truth C. voice D. dream 2. A. seized B. stilled C. tested D. marked 3. A. halls B. rooms C. yards D. walls 4. A. balanced B. measured C. calculated D. limited 5. A. monitor B. follow C. witness D. guard 6. A. cards B. gifts C. words D. notes 7. A. dragged B. wheeled C. shifted D. pushed 8. A. shook B. raised C. folded D. dropped 9. A. passed by B. returned to C. washed over D. broke into 10. A. Patience B. Kindness C. Justice D. Bravery 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者获救济金后报恩医院医护人员的感人故事，传递善意。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：我的第一个念头是把这笔钱平分给我的四个已成年的孩子，但我心里一个熟悉的声音悄悄告诉我，这笔钱该用在别的地方。A. wish愿望；B. truth真相；C. voice声音；D. dream梦想。根据前文“a quiet, familiar”和后文“told me”可知，此处指内心的声音。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：那是2008年，一场自行车事故永远让丈夫的双脚失去了知觉（无法行动）。A. seized夺取；B. stilled使静止，使不动；C. tested测试；D. marked标记。根据后文“until he passed away in 2014”以及“his feet forever”可知，事故导致丈夫脚部失去功能，无法行走。still有“使平静、使静止”之意，引申为使肢体无法动弹。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：在那漫长的六年里，直到他在2014年去世，杰斐逊·华盛顿镇医院的寂静无尽的长廊成了我的第二个家。A. halls大厅，走廊；B. rooms房间；C. yards院子；D. walls墙壁。根据和常识，在医院长时间陪护，活动范围主要是医院的走廊和病房区，“halls”常指（大楼内的）门厅、走廊，符合“second home”的语境。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：那是一个由监护仪有节奏的哔哔声衡量的世界。A. balanced平衡；B. measured测量，衡量；C. calculated计算；D. limited限制。根据后文“in the rhythmic beep of monitors”可知，在ICU里，时间的流逝和生活的节奏是由仪器的声音来度量和定义的。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：那里的医生护士不仅仅监测他的生命体征；他们还支撑着我。A. monitor监测；B. follow跟随；C. witness目击；D. guard守卫。根据前文“Jefferson Washington Township Hospital”和后文“his vitals”可知，医护人员的工作职责是监测病人的生命体征。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：那时候，除了言语，我一无所有。A. cards卡片；B. gifts礼物；C. words话语；D. notes便条。根据后文“I spent hours crafting letters of praise”可知，当时作者经济拮据，只能用写信（言语）的方式来表达感激。 【7题详解】 考查动词。句意：我看着一盘盘意大利面和面包被推进重症监护室和外科病房。A. dragged拖拽；B. wheeled用轮子推；C. shifted移动；D. pushed推。根据前文“trays of pasta and bread”以及医院场景可知，运送餐食通常使用带轮子的推车。wheeled形象地描绘了用轮车运送的场景。 【8题详解】 考查动词。句意：疲惫的住院医生和库房工作人员终于在这一刻放松了紧绷的肩膀。A. shook摇晃；B. raised举起；C. folded折叠；D. dropped下降，垂落，放松。根据前文“Exhausted residents”和后文“their shoulders for a moment”可知，医护人员长期处于紧张状态，此时吃到热饭，身体放松下来。dropped their shoulders是固定搭配，意为“垂下/放松肩膀”，表示放松姿态。 【9题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：一股暖意涌遍我的全身。A. passed by经过；B. returned to返回；C. washed over（情感）淹没，席卷；D. broke into闯入。根据前文“A sharp surge of warmth”可知，此处描述的是一种强烈的情感体验。wash over sb.意为“（感情）突然侵袭某人”，非常贴切地描述了温暖的感觉涌上心头。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：善意就是这样有趣，它从未真正离开过你，只是等待合适的时机找到回家的路。A. Patience耐心；B. Kindness善良，善意；C. Justice正义；D. Bravery勇敢。纵观全文，作者当年接受医护人员的照顾（善意），如今用救济金买饭回报医护人员，这是善意的轮回。 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下列句子，根据内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 11. The first time he went to London, he managed to make himself ________ (understand) with his broken English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】understood 【解析】 【详解】句意：他第一次去伦敦时，靠着蹩脚的英语勉强让别人听懂了他的意思。空处需用非谓语动词作宾语补足语；宾语himself与动词understand之间构成被动关系，即“他自己被别人听懂”，故用过去分词understood。 12. This is the scientist ________ work has greatly promoted local medical development. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】句意：这就是那位其工作极大地推动了当地医学发展的科学家。空格处引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语修饰名词work，意义为“那个人的，那一个的，其”，所以用关系代词whose引导从句。 13. The turning point came when the People’s Republic of China ________ (set) up. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was set 【解析】 【详解】句意：转折点出现在中华人民共和国成立之时。整个事件发生在过去，使用一般过去时。主语the People’s Republic of China和动词短语set up(建立)之间是被动关系，因此需要使用被动语态。主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，set的过去分词为set。 14. Jim hurried home, never once looking back to see whether he ________ (follow). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being followed 【解析】 【详解】句意：吉姆匆匆回家，从未回头看自己是否正被人跟踪。主句时态为一般过去时，从句描述的是过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作（“被跟踪”），因此需要用过去进行时的被动语态，主谓一致，用was being followed。 15. That was the first time that Lucy ________ (invite) to give a speech on how to communicate with kids. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been invited 【解析】 【详解】句意：那是露西第一次被邀请去做一个关于如何与孩子沟通的演讲。That was the first time that...”这个句型中，that从句要用过去完成时，Lucy与invite之间是被动关系，即“被邀请”，所以用过去完成时的被动语态had been invited 。 16. ________ (convince) of his sincerity, we finally decided to accept his proposal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Convinced 【解析】 【详解】句意：在确认了他的诚意后，我们终于决定接受他的提议。be convinced of是固定搭配，表示确信，相信，这里是非谓语作状语，主语we和convince之间是被动关系，因为我们被说服，也就是确信，所以用过去分词Convinced，注意开头首字母要大写。 17. Most young people are particular ________ the quality and appearance of the goods they buy online. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】about##over 【解析】 【详解】句意：大多数年轻人对网购商品的质量和外观都很挑剔。 根据句中“are particular”可知，空处需用介词about或over；固定搭配be particular about/over意为“对……挑剔、讲究”。 18. We should analyze and solve problems ________ (scientific) instead of relying on subjective feelings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】scientifically 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们应该科学地分析和解决问题，而不是依赖主观感受。空处需用副词修饰动词短语analyze and solve problems，作状语；形容词scientific的副词形式为scientifically，意为“科学地”。 19. The boy ________ (learn) piano lessons every weekend since he was six, so he plays it extremely well now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has learned##has learnt 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个男孩从六岁起就每个周末上钢琴课，因此他现在钢琴弹得非常出色。根据时间状语从句since he was six可知，“上钢琴课”这个动作从过去持续到现在，因此需要使用现在完成时。主语是第三人称单数The boy，因此助动词用has；动词learn的过去分词有两种正确形式：learned和learnt。 20. ________ the 2026 Beijing Winter Universiade will be a great success is certain. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】That 【解析】 【详解】句意：2026 年北京冬季世界大学生运动会必将圆满成功。空处引导主语从句，且从句成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that，位于句首，首字母需大写。 第三节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下列句子，根据内容选取所给词或短语的适当形式填空。 strike determine launch bond slip by coincidence be fascinated by hunt for hold out consist of 21. We have formed a harmonious team ________five experienced English teachers. 22. ________, I met my primary school teacher in the shopping mall yesterday, who I hadn’t seen for more than 10 years. 23. He ________ on the floor when he rushed into the room. 24. The unexpected failure in the mid-term exam didn’t make him upset. Instead, it ________ him to work harder than before to achieve his goal. 25. The two survivors ________ and never gave up in the tough time. 26. The little boy ________ the cute physics experiment equipment and kept touching it when he first visited the school science lab. 27. The new student quickly ________ with his classmates because of his outgoing personality and sense of humor the other day. 28. The campaign should ________ after we finish all preparations. 29. Many students ________ a good learning method to improve their English grades rapidly up to now. 30. It ________ us that the plan needed to be changed at once. 【答案】21. consisting of 22. By coincidence 23. slipped 24. determined 25. held out 26. was fascinated by 27. bonded  28. should be launched 29. have hunted for##have been hunting for 30. struck 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我们组建了一支由五位经验丰富的英语教师组成的和谐团队。根据句意及空后的“five experienced English teachers”可知，这支队伍由五位经验丰富的英语教师组成。consist of​“由……组成”，句中已有谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词作定语， consist of和逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以用​现在分词作后置定语。 【22题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：巧合的是，我昨天在商场遇到了我小学的老师，我已经十多年没见过他了。根据“who I hadn't seen for more than 10 years”可知，此处指碰巧遇到了十几年没见过的小学老师。 by coincidence“碰巧，凑巧”，符合语境。注意首字母大写。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：当他冲进房间时，滑倒在地板上。根据“when he rushed into the room”可知，此处指冲进房间滑到了。slip为动词“滑倒”，在句中作谓语。事情发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时态，空处应用该动词的过去式。 【24题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：期中考试意外的失败并没有让他沮丧，反而促使他下定决心比以前更努力学习以实现目标。根据“The unexpected failure in the mid-term exam didn’t make him upset.”可知，考试意外失败反而促使他下定决心比以前更努力学习。determine为动词“决定”，在句中作谓语，根据前文“didn’t make him upset”可知，句子为一般过去时态，空处应用该动词的过去式。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：两位幸存者坚持住了，在艰难时期从未放弃。根据“never gave up in the tough time”可知，幸存者坚持下来，没有放弃。hold out，表示“坚持住，不退缩”，在句中作谓语。根据后文“never gave up ”可知，句子为一般过去时态，空处应用动词的过去式。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：小男孩第一次参观学校科学实验室时，被那套可爱的物理实验设备迷住了，不停地触摸它。根据“kept touching it when he first visited the school science lab”可知，此处指小男孩被可爱的物理实验设备迷住了，所以才不停的触摸它。空处应用be fascinated by，表示“被……深深吸引”。根据后文“kept touching it”可知，句子为一般过去时态，主语为单数，be动词用was。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：那天，这位新同学凭借外向的性格和幽默感很快与同学们建立了联系。根据“with his classmates because of his outgoing personality and sense of humor the other day”可知，此处指新同学和其他的同学们建立了联系。bond为动词，表示“与……建立紧密联系”，在句中作谓语，句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态，空处应用动词的过去式。 【28题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：在我们完成所有准备工作后，这场运动应当被启动。根据“we finish all preparations”可知，准备工作做好，运动应当被启动，launch为动词“启动”，在句中作谓语，该动词和主语为被动关系，且空前有情态动词should，此处应用情态动词的被动语态should be launched。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：到目前为止，许多学生一直在寻找一种能够快速提高英语成绩的好学习方法。根据“a good learning method to improve their English grades”可知，学生在寻找一种能够快速提高英语成绩的好学习方法。hunt for表示“寻找”，在句中作谓语，根据时间状语up to now可知，空处应用现在完成时，或者现在完成进行时，表示动作一直持续到现在，主语为复数，助动词用have。 【30题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我们突然意识到计划需要立即改变。It struck sb. that...意为“某人突然意识到……”。句子陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时态，所以空处应用strike​的过去式struck，表示“（想法）突然闪现，使突然想到”。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Get Your Own New York Public Library Card With a library card, you can borrow books, music, and movies, reserve a computer, conduct research, and more. For Adults & Teens in New York State ● Physical Library Cards If you’re 13 years old or older and live, work, attend school, or pay property taxes in New York State, you can apply for a free library card right now using our online card application — then visit your nearest NYPL location to verify (核实) your information and receive your physical NYPL card, which is your key to checking out physical books, signing up for the Culture Pass program, and more. ● Digital Library Cards You can also choose to apply for a free digital library card using the online application. With a digital library card, you get free access to the library’s wide range of digital resources — including e-books, databases, educational resources, and more. Digital library cards do not provide access to the Culture Pass program. For Kids in New York State Kids 12 and under who live or go to school in New York State can receive a physical library card by submitting an application signed by their parent or guardian. On the library card application, parents determine whether their child may borrow all library materials or only juvenile (少年的) materials. Parents are responsible for the lost or damaged materials borrowed by their children. For Visitors to New York Visitors from outside of New York State can use the online application to apply for a temporary card that allows them to place holds for physical items for use when they are visiting. This card must be verified in person within 30 days, and does not provide access to e-books, databases, or the Culture Pass program. Upon arrival to New York, this card must be changed to a Visitor Card in person and is valid for three months. 31. Which of the following provides access to the Culture Pass program? A. Visitor cards. B. Temporary cards. C. Digital Library Cards. D. Physical library cards. 32. What do we know about the kids with physical library cards? A. They can decide whether to renew a book. B. They are fully responsible for the borrowed books. C. Their parents decide the materials they can borrow. D. Their parents must be present when they borrow books. 33. What can a temporary card do? A. Borrow digital items. B. Reserve physical books. C. Offer entry into the library. D. Check out materials in advance. 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了纽约公共图书馆不同类型借书证的申请与使用。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据Physical Library Cards部分中“receive your physical NYPL card, which is your key to checking out physical books, signing up for the Culture Pass program, and more.(领取你的实体纽约公共图书馆卡，它是你借阅实体书籍、注册Culture Pass项目等的钥匙)”可知，实体图书馆卡可以使用Culture Pass项目。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据For Kids in New York State部分中“On the library card application, parents determine whether their child may borrow all library materials or only juvenile (少年的) materials. Parents are responsible for the lost or damaged materials borrowed by their children.(在借书证申请表上，父母决定他们的孩子可以借阅所有图书馆资料还是仅限少年资料)”可知，孩子的父母决定他们可以借阅的材料范围。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据For Visitors to New York部分中“a temporary card that allows them to place holds for physical items for use when they are visiting."(一张临时卡，允许他们预约/保留实体物品供访问期间使用)”可知，临时卡可以预约实体书籍。 B When I was a child, I drew a face. A grown-up corrected me quickly with a circle, round eyes, a seven-shaped nose and a curved mouth. I stood confused, for this cold, mechanical pattern felt nothing like the lively faces I knew in real life. As I grew up, I kept wondering how to draw a real face. Once, I got a chance to ask people to draw each other following two rules: never lift the pencil, and never look down at the paper. They could only look at their partner. After a minute, the drawings were terrible but wonderful. Why? Because they had drawn what they truly saw, not what they thought a face should look like. They also did something rare: they made eye-to-eye, face-to-face contact for almost a full minute without looking away. They slowed down, focused fully, and truly noticed another person. That was the secret to drawing “a real face”. Later, as an illustrated journalist, I once planned a drawn story about how public libraries served the people. I explored every corner of the library and genuinely connected with the staff. I found with their intentional, public-spirited help, those seemingly ordinary facilities served people in far more meaningful ways. Computers that I assumed were for checking out books or emails were actually lifelines for people searching for jobs and housing. The sinks in the public restroom served as a laundromat (洗衣房) and showers for the homeless. The entirely new and rich truth contributed to my series of breathing drawings. I do not hope everyone becomes an artist, but everyone can learn to see deeply. Slow down, pay attention, and truly observe; you will rediscover love for the world and all people around you. We urgently need this courage — to see each other and ourselves clearly, and to honor the real truth hidden in plain sight. 34. What confused the author in the first paragraph? A. A fixed concept. B. The adult’s criticism. C. A sharp contrast. D. The unclear drawing rules. 35. Why were the drawings terrible but wonderful in paragraph 2? A. They were messy but detailed. B. They were rough but lively. C. They appeared ugly but organized. D. They seemed simple but friendly. 36. What do the underlined words “the entirely new and rich truth” refer to in paragraph 3? A. More library service roles. B. Better maintenance of facilities. C. Greater professional pride. D. Deeper exploration for good stories. 37. What can we learn from this passage? A. Drawing skills improve with continuous practice and persistent patience. B. Deep seeing requires slowing down and observing without preconceptions. C. Public libraries offer many hidden services that few people know about. D. Adults often have a misunderstanding of children’s creative expressions. 【答案】34. A 35. B 36. A 37. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者由学画领悟到，只有放下成见、用心观察，才能看清真实世界。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I stood confused, for this cold, mechanical pattern felt nothing like the lively faces I knew in real life.(我困惑地站着，因为这冰冷、刻板模式感觉与我现实生活中认识的鲜活面孔截然不同)”可知，成年人套用一套标准化、模板化的画法（固定观念），违背了作者眼中真实生动的人脸样貌，这是作者感到困惑的原因。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“After a minute, the drawings were terrible but wonderful. Why? Because they had drawn what they truly saw, not what they thought a face should look like.(一分钟后，画作很糟糕，却又很美妙。为什么？因为他们画的是他们真正看到的，而不是他们认为脸应该有的样子)”可知，这些画线条粗糙，但因为画出了真实的观察，显得生动。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Computers that I assumed were for checking out books or emails were actually lifelines for people searching for jobs and housing. The sinks in the public restroom served as a laundromat and showers for the homeless.(我原以为那些电脑是用来借书或查收邮件的，实际上却是人们寻找工作和住房的生命线。公共洗手间的洗手池成了无家可归者的洗衣房和淋浴间)”可知，这些全新的、丰富的真相指的是图书馆除了常规服务外，还承担着更多服务社会的角色。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I do not hope everyone becomes an artist, but everyone can learn to see deeply. Slow down, pay attention, and truly observe; you will rediscover love for the world and all people around you.(我不指望每个人都成为艺术家，但每个人都可以学会深入地去看。慢下来，留心，真正地去观察；你将重新发现对这个世界和你身边所有人的爱)”可知，文章传达的道理是：深度观察需要我们放慢速度，不带偏见地去审视事物。 C For decades, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have held promise for treating neurological disorders, from paralysis to epilepsy. But most devices are crude, sending electrical pulses that don't match the subtle language of the brain. Now, a team of researchers has built artificial neurons that communicate with real cells using the same chemical signals the brain naturally uses, opening a new era of more natural, less invasive implants. The core of the breakthrough lies in how these artificial neurons mimic biological ones. Instead of just delivering electricity, they use neurotransmitters — the chemical messengers that neurons rely on to send signals. The synthetic cells are built from soft, biocompatible materials and can both detect signals from real neurons and release their own neurotransmitters in response. In lab tests, the artificial neurons successfully connected with living brain cells in a dish. When a real neuron fired, the synthetic version detected the signal, processed it, and then released neurotransmitters to activate a second neuron in the chain. The communication was fast, precise, and indistinguishable from natural neural activity. This technology solves a major problem with current implants: foreign - body rejection. Traditional BCIs are made of rigid materials that scar brain tissue over time, losing their ability to connect. The new artificial neurons, however, are flexible and made of materials similar to those found in the body, reducing the risk of rejection and inflammation. The implications are profound. For patients with paralysis, it could mean BCIs that control prosthetics with greater precision. For those with neurological diseases, like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, it could lead to implants that restore lost neural communication, potentially slowing or even reversing symptoms. “This is the first time we’ve built a device that truly speaks the brain’s language,” said lead researcher Dr. Elena Marquez. “By matching the brain’s own chemistry, we’re creating implants that don’t just connect to the brain, but integrate with it. This could revolutionize how we treat brain disorders.” While human trials are still years away, the research marks a critical step forward. As the technology evolves, these artificial neurons could become the building blocks of next - generation BCIs — ones that work seamlessly with the brain, not against it. 38. What does the underlined word “crude” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Rough and imprecise B. Expensive and rare C. Modern and advanced D. Small and portable 39. What advantage do the new artificial neurons have over traditional BCIs? A. They are made of harder materials for longer use B. They use electrical pulses to send signals only C. They reduce the risk of rejection by the body D. They have already been tested on human patients 40. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history and development of brain-computer interfaces. B. New artificial neurons that communicate like real brain cells. C. The negative effects of traditional medical implants. D. Common treatments for neurological diseases. 【答案】38. A 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍新型人工神经元可依靠化学信号和人脑细胞交流，相比传统脑机接口具备诸多医疗优势。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“But most devices are crude, sending electrical pulses that don't match the subtle language of the brain.(但大多数设备都很crude，发出的电脉冲和大脑细微的信号传递方式并不匹配。)”可知，发出的电脉冲和大脑细微的信号传递方式并不匹配，说明粗糙且精度不足。所以划线词的意思是“粗糙且不精确”。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The new artificial neurons, however, are flexible and made of materials similar to those found in the body, reducing the risk of rejection and inflammation.(但这种新型人工神经元质地柔软，材质和人体自身物质相近，降低了排异和发炎风险。)”可知，新的人工神经元相较于传统脑机接口，降低了被身体排斥的风险。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, a team of researchers has built artificial neurons that communicate with real cells using the same chemical signals the brain naturally uses, opening a new era of more natural, less invasive implants.(如今，一组研究人员研制出了人工神经元，它能够借助大脑自身天然使用的化学信号与真实细胞互通，开启了植入设备更贴合人体、创伤更小的全新时代)”可知，文章围绕新型人工神经元展开，介绍其能像真实脑细胞一样交流的特点、优势以及对治疗神经系统疾病的意义。所以文章的大意为“可像真实脑细胞一样传递信号的新型人工神经元”。 D As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D. A. power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D. A. the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 41. Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A. It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B. It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C. It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D. It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 42. It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A. tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B. the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C. racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D. light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 43. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A. The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B. The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C. The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D. The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 44. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B. Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C. Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D. What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了美国上诉法院裁定烟草公司长期欺诈消费者，呼吁参议院授权FDA对其进行监管。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。​ 根据第一段中“The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in.(这项裁决清楚地表明，烟草公司几十年来一直从事欺骗性和有害的行为，不能指望它们自行改革。监管监督是约束它们的最佳机会)”可知，参议员参考该裁决有助于认清外部监管的必要性。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。​ 根据第三段“Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks.(凯斯勒法官发现，这些公司操纵香烟设计以提供成瘾剂量的尼古丁，虚假否认二手烟致病，并虚假宣称淡味和低焦油香烟的健康风险更低)”可推断，烟草公司在损害消费者健康的情况下造成了其成瘾。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。​ 根据第五段“The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed.(这些公司抗议称，它们不应受制于此类要求，理由是它们此前已在与46个州及哥伦比亚特区达成的和解协议框架下同意采取多项补救措施。上诉小组对此抗议并不认同，这一立场是完全正确的)”可知，烟草公司的抗议是徒劳的。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。​ 文章通篇围绕烟草公司长期欺诈、不可信任展开，并呼吁加强监管。C项“Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted(一次骗子，永远是骗子：为何烟草行业不可信)”最能概括全文主旨，适合作为标题。 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Can We Adapt to Modern Life? One of the fascinating things about working as a psychotherapist is having the opportunity to observe how many of our problems involve us getting in the way of ourselves. The difficulties we encounter are frequently the result of self-defeating, and managing them often requires doing our best not to give in to every impulse. ____45____ To lose weight and keep it off, to climb out of debt, to find meaningful work, to maintain happy relationships — all demand postponing our immediate desires. Delaying satisfaction has been a useful strategy for a long period of time. ____46____ Why is it that following our instincts often seems to land us in so much trouble? A central idea in the field of evolutionary psychology is that of evolutionary mismatch. Put simply, we evolved in a very different environment from the one in which we find ourselves. ____47____ But isn't a trait of being human our species' ability to adapt to changing circumstances? Yes and no. Yes, we have a remarkable ability to deal with new problems, collaborate to find solutions and create technology to help us realise them. ____48____ The contemporary human habitat isn't the one we were made for. Genetic adaptations could not keep up with the move to cities or technological and cultural shifts. So what has the consequence been? Perhaps the starkest impact has been on our waistlines. ____49____ Now calories are cheap and scientists devote whole careers to making foods “hyperpalatable” — that is, far more appealing than any food found in nature. These artificial snacks interfere with the body’s ability to regulate appetite. Obesity has now overtaken malnutrition as the leading public health issue relating to diet in many parts of the world. So how to settle the issue is another challenging task. A. As a result, our brains, bodies, and instincts are poorly matched to their surroundings. B. For example, the instinct to consume foods excessively rich in salt, fat, and sugar kept people alive for most of history, when the next meal was never guaranteed. C. This conflict between our ancient instincts and the modern world creates many challenges. D. But why does so much of modern life seem to involve swimming upstream? E. In other words, our greatest struggles often come from within. F. To deal with these gaps, some of us turn back to technology. G. At the same time, anthropologists (人类学家) estimate that human genetics has remained largely unchanged for about 100,000 years. 【答案】45. E 46. D 47. A 48. G 49. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要探讨了人类进化本能与现代生活环境不匹配所导致的心理困扰及肥胖等公共健康问题。 【45题详解】 上文“The difficulties we encounter are frequently the result of self-defeating, and managing them often requires doing our best not to give in to every impulse.(我们遇到的困难往往是自我挫败的结果，应对这些困难通常要求我们尽力不向每一次冲动屈服)”阐述了人类困境多源于自身的冲动控制问题。空后“To lose weight and keep it off, to climb out of debt, to find meaningful work, to maintain happy relationships — all demand postponing our immediate desires.(减肥并防止反弹，摆脱债务，找到有意义的工作，维持幸福的关系——这一切都要求推迟我们眼前的欲望)”列举了多个需要克制欲望的具体生活场景。选项E“In other words, our greatest struggles often come from within.(换句话说，我们最大的挣扎往往源于内心)”对上文进行了总结，同时引出下文列举的各种内在斗争，起到了承上启下的作用。 【46题详解】 下文“Why is it that following our instincts often seems to land us in so much trouble?(为什么遵循我们的本能似乎经常让我们陷入如此多的麻烦？)”提出了一个关于本能与麻烦关系的核心疑问。空处位于段首，需引出这一疑问。选项D“But why does so much of modern life seem to involve swimming upstream?(但是，为什么现代生活中的许多事情看起来都像是在逆流而上？)”通过形象的比喻引出了下文的疑问，暗示了现代生活与本能之间的冲突。 【47题详解】 上文“Put simply, we evolved in a very different environment from the one in which we find ourselves.(简单来说，我们在与我们当前所处的截然不同的环境中进化而来)”提出了“进化环境差异”这一理论前提。空处需说明这一前提导致的结果。选项A“As a result, our brains, bodies, and instincts are poorly matched to their surroundings.(因此，我们的大脑、身体和本能与周围环境很不匹配)”准确地承接了上文的因果关系，指出了环境差异带来的直接后果。 【48题详解】 上文“Yes, we have a remarkable ability to deal with new problems, collaborate to find solutions and create technology to help us realise them.(是的，我们有非凡的能力去处理新问题，合作寻找解决方案，并创造技术来帮助我们实现它们)”肯定了人类适应变化的表面能力。根据前文“Yes and no”的转折提示，空处应阐述其局限性。选项G“At the same time, anthropologists estimate that human genetics has remained largely unchanged for about 100,000 years.(与此同时，人类学家估计，人类的基因在过去约10万年里基本保持不变)”揭示了生理层面进化的停滞，有力地补充了上文，解释了为何适应能力存在局限。 【49题详解】 上文“Perhaps the starkest impact has been on our waistlines.(也许最显著的影响体现在我们的腰围上)”点明了进化不匹配在生理上的具体表现。空后“Now calories are cheap and scientists devote whole careers to making foods “hyperpalatable” — that is, far more appealing than any food found in nature.(如今热量廉价，科学家毕生致力于制造‘超美味’的食物——也就是说，比自然界中发现的任何食物都要诱人得多)”描述了现代食品工业的特征。选项B“For example, the instinct to consume foods excessively rich in salt, fat, and sugar kept people alive for most of history, when the next meal was never guaranteed.(例如，在历史上大部分时间里，摄取过量盐、脂肪和糖的本能让人们得以生存，因为下一顿饭从来都没有保障)”通过历史视角解释了这一本能的形成原因，完美地连接了过去的进化需求与现在的肥胖危机。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 I had tried several things to be happier, like playing video games on my phone, scrolling short videos and avoiding doing my homework. But none of these easy things made me truly happy. They just gave me short-term pleasure at the cost of long-term regret. But the moment I put my phone down, I didn’t feel good. I regretted wasting my time. I lost focus and started craving (强烈渴望) that instant pleasure again. And because of that, I couldn’t get any work done. And if I stopped, I’d feel restless and unhappy. Either way, it was hard. The human brain likes to avoid hard things. Why? Because it was necessary for survival. When our ancestors lived in the wild, they had to hunt, search for food, fight rivals (对手), and escape predators (天敌). One wrong move and the result would be death. Today, the world is much safer. But the human brain hasn’t changed much. That’s why, if you don’t resist, the brain chooses the easiest paths to solve problems. So, if you want to achieve anything worthwhile, you need to override your brain’s default (默认的) setting and do uncomfortable things in the short term. In fact, doing hard things is one of the most powerful skills you can build. It can make your life exciting, meaningful, and free. It can change everything. It’s backed by science. There is this brain region called the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). It gets bigger in size when we do things that we don’t like. Studies have found that aMCC is smaller in obese people, larger in athletes, and grows when we do challenging stuff. And when we avoid those challenging stuff, aMCC shrinks. aMCC is seen to generate willpower and resilience. When you do more hard things, it boosts your aMCC, which further increases your ability to stay disciplined and achieve your daily goals. Now, the first thing I do every day is something that feels uncomfortable — I’ve been waking up at 4 AM almost daily for the last two years. And it’s hard. But it does something magical. It makes me super disciplined and productive for the rest of the day. I feel more capable of tackling tasks that need deep focus. We must all suffer from one of two pains: the pain of discipline or the pain of regret. The difference is discipline weighs ounces while regret weighs tons. 50. How did the easy things make the author feel? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51. Why does the human brain like to avoid hard things? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Doing hard things reduces the size of your brain region called aMCC, which helps you stick to your plans and achieve daily goals. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. As for hard things, what can you learn from the article? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. They brought the author short-term pleasure but long-term regret. 51. Because it was essential for survival. In the wild, ancestors faced life-threatening situations if they made wrong moves while dealing with hard things. 52. Doing hard things reduces the size of your brain region called aMCC, which helps you stick to your plans and achieve daily goals. Explanation: The passage clearly states that when we do challenging things, the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) grows. So, doing hard things increases rather than reduces the size of aMCC. 53. Doing hard things builds willpower and discipline, making life more meaningful. We should embrace them to better ourselves and reach our goals. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要论述简单的事情只能带来短暂愉悦却伴有长期懊悔，阐述大脑倾向逃避难事的原因，并强调做难事对个人成长的重要意义。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But none of these easy things made me truly happy. They just gave me short-term pleasure at the cost of long-term regret.(但这些轻松的事没有一件能让我真正开心。它们只是以长期的懊悔为代价，给我带来了短期的愉悦)”可知，那些容易的事情让作者感受到短期的快乐，但伴随着长期的遗憾。故填They brought the author short-term pleasure but long-term regret. 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The human brain likes to avoid hard things. Why? Because it was necessary for survival. When our ancestors lived in the wild, they had to hunt, search for food, fight rivals (对手), and escape predators (天敌). One wrong move and the result would be death.(人类的大脑喜欢避开困难的事情。为什么呢？因为这对生存来说是必要的。当我们的祖先生活在野外时，他们必须狩猎、寻找食物、与对手搏斗以及躲避天敌。一步走错，结果就可能是死亡)”可知，人类大脑喜欢避开困难的事情是因为这对生存来说是必要的，祖先在野外时，错误的行动可能导致死亡。故填Because it was essential for survival. In the wild, ancestors faced life - threatening situations if they made wrong moves while dealing with hard things. 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“There is this brain region called the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). It gets bigger in size when we do things that we don’t like. Studies have found that aMCC is smaller in obese people, larger in athletes, and grows when we do challenging stuff. And when we avoid those challenging stuff, aMCC shrinks.(有一个叫做前扣带皮层（aMCC）的大脑区域。当我们做自己不喜欢的事情时，它的尺寸会变大。研究发现，肥胖人群的aMCC较小，运动员的aMCC较大，并且当我们做有挑战性的事情时它会增长。而当我们避开那些有挑战性的事情时，aMCC会缩小)”可知，我们做有挑战性的事情时aMCC）会增长。故填Doing hard things reduces the size of your brain region called aMCC, which helps you stick to your plans and achieve daily goals. Explanation: The passage clearly states that when we do challenging things, the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) grows. So, doing hard things increases rather than reduces the size of aMCC. 【53题详解】 开放性试题。我们应该明白，做困难的事情有利于我们的成长。它能增强我们的意志力，让生活更有意义，因此我们应该积极拥抱挑战。故填We should understand that doing hard things is good for our growth. It can strengthen our willpower and make our lives more meaningful, so we should actively embrace them. 第二节 书面表达（20分） 54. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。联合国面向全球青少年发起以“Innovation for a Better Life”（创新让生活更美好） 为主题的倡议征集活动。你的外国好友 Jim 打算参加，为此发来邮件，就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 提出建议； 2. 建议的理由。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I am thrilled to learn that you plan to take part in the UN initiative “Innovation for a Better Life”. Regarding your inquiry about the proposal, I strongly suggest focusing on digital education for remote areas. The primary reason is that technology can bridge the educational divide, offering equal opportunities to underprivileged students. By developing accessible learning apps, we can empower them to acquire skills for a brighter future. Additionally, this innovation addresses the root cause of poverty and promotes sustainable development globally. I hope my advice can be of help and wish you the best of luck! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李华的身份给好友Jim回信，为其倡议内容提出建议并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参与：take part in→participate in 专注于：focus on→concentrate on 获得：acquire→attain 解决：address→tackle 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I strongly suggest focusing on digital education for remote areas. 拓展句：I strongly suggest that you (should) focus on digital education for remote areas. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am thrilled to learn that you plan to take part in the UN initiative “Innovation for a Better Life”.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】The primary reason is that technology can bridge the educational divide, offering equal opportunities to underprivileged students.（运用了that引导的表语从句，现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年度第二学期质量调研试题 高二年级英语学科 本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The 1,200 government relief cheque arrived on a Tuesday. My first thought was to divide it — 300 for each of my four grown children — but a quiet, familiar ____1____ in my heart told me this money belonged elsewhere. My mind went back to 2008. That was the year a bicycle accident ____2____ my husband’s feet forever. For six long years, until he passed away in 2014, the quiet, endless ____3____ of Jefferson Washington Township Hospital became my second home, a world ____4____ in the rhythmic beep of monitors. The doctors and nurses there didn’t just ____5____ his vitals; they held me upright. Back then, I had nothing to give but ____6____. I spent hours crafting letters of praise for every nurse who adjusted a pillow or shared a kind look or stayed a minute longer in the 4 AM silence. I promised myself that if I ever had the means, I would do something more than just write. I called Scarpinato’s — my favorite local Italian spot — and ordered 110 hot lunches. I watched the trays of pasta and bread being ____7____ into the ICU and surgical units. Inside, the staff began to gather. Exhausted residents and supply-room workers finally ____8____ their shoulders for a moment, their faces softening as they took their first bite. As the steam rose in the cool air, I stood by the same hospital entrance where I had spent so many difficult nights. A sharp surge of warmth ____9____ me. I looked at the sky and smiled, knowing he was watching those trays, too. ____10____ is funny like that; it never really leaves you. It just waits for the right moment to find its way back home. 1. A. wish B. truth C. voice D. dream 2. A. seized B. stilled C. tested D. marked 3. A. halls B. rooms C. yards D. walls 4. A. balanced B. measured C. calculated D. limited 5. A. monitor B. follow C. witness D. guard 6. A. cards B. gifts C. words D. notes 7. A. dragged B. wheeled C. shifted D. pushed 8. A. shook B. raised C. folded D. dropped 9. A. passed by B. returned to C. washed over D. broke into 10. A. Patience B. Kindness C. Justice D. Bravery 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下列句子，根据内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 11. The first time he went to London, he managed to make himself ________ (understand) with his broken English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12. This is the scientist ________ work has greatly promoted local medical development. (用适当的词填空) 13. The turning point came when the People’s Republic of China ________ (set) up. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14. Jim hurried home, never once looking back to see whether he ________ (follow). (所给词的适当形式填空) 15. That was the first time that Lucy ________ (invite) to give a speech on how to communicate with kids. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16. ________ (convince) of his sincerity, we finally decided to accept his proposal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17. Most young people are particular ________ the quality and appearance of the goods they buy online. (用适当的词填空) 18. We should analyze and solve problems ________ (scientific) instead of relying on subjective feelings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19. The boy ________ (learn) piano lessons every weekend since he was six, so he plays it extremely well now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20. ________ the 2026 Beijing Winter Universiade will be a great success is certain. (用适当的词填空) 第三节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下列句子，根据内容选取所给词或短语的适当形式填空。 strike determine launch bond slip by coincidence be fascinated by hunt for hold out consist of 21. We have formed a harmonious team ________five experienced English teachers. 22. ________, I met my primary school teacher in the shopping mall yesterday, who I hadn’t seen for more than 10 years. 23. He ________ on the floor when he rushed into the room. 24. The unexpected failure in the mid-term exam didn’t make him upset. Instead, it ________ him to work harder than before to achieve his goal. 25. The two survivors ________ and never gave up in the tough time. 26. The little boy ________ the cute physics experiment equipment and kept touching it when he first visited the school science lab. 27. The new student quickly ________ with his classmates because of his outgoing personality and sense of humor the other day. 28. The campaign should ________ after we finish all preparations. 29. Many students ________ a good learning method to improve their English grades rapidly up to now. 30. It ________ us that the plan needed to be changed at once. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Get Your Own New York Public Library Card With a library card, you can borrow books, music, and movies, reserve a computer, conduct research, and more. For Adults & Teens in New York State ● Physical Library Cards If you’re 13 years old or older and live, work, attend school, or pay property taxes in New York State, you can apply for a free library card right now using our online card application — then visit your nearest NYPL location to verify (核实) your information and receive your physical NYPL card, which is your key to checking out physical books, signing up for the Culture Pass program, and more. ● Digital Library Cards You can also choose to apply for a free digital library card using the online application. With a digital library card, you get free access to the library’s wide range of digital resources — including e-books, databases, educational resources, and more. Digital library cards do not provide access to the Culture Pass program. For Kids in New York State Kids 12 and under who live or go to school in New York State can receive a physical library card by submitting an application signed by their parent or guardian. On the library card application, parents determine whether their child may borrow all library materials or only juvenile (少年的) materials. Parents are responsible for the lost or damaged materials borrowed by their children. For Visitors to New York Visitors from outside of New York State can use the online application to apply for a temporary card that allows them to place holds for physical items for use when they are visiting. This card must be verified in person within 30 days, and does not provide access to e-books, databases, or the Culture Pass program. Upon arrival to New York, this card must be changed to a Visitor Card in person and is valid for three months. 31. Which of the following provides access to the Culture Pass program? A. Visitor cards. B. Temporary cards. C. Digital Library Cards. D. Physical library cards. 32. What do we know about the kids with physical library cards? A. They can decide whether to renew a book. B. They are fully responsible for the borrowed books. C. Their parents decide the materials they can borrow. D. Their parents must be present when they borrow books. 33. What can a temporary card do? A. Borrow digital items. B. Reserve physical books. C. Offer entry into the library. D. Check out materials in advance. B When I was a child, I drew a face. A grown-up corrected me quickly with a circle, round eyes, a seven-shaped nose and a curved mouth. I stood confused, for this cold, mechanical pattern felt nothing like the lively faces I knew in real life. As I grew up, I kept wondering how to draw a real face. Once, I got a chance to ask people to draw each other following two rules: never lift the pencil, and never look down at the paper. They could only look at their partner. After a minute, the drawings were terrible but wonderful. Why? Because they had drawn what they truly saw, not what they thought a face should look like. They also did something rare: they made eye-to-eye, face-to-face contact for almost a full minute without looking away. They slowed down, focused fully, and truly noticed another person. That was the secret to drawing “a real face”. Later, as an illustrated journalist, I once planned a drawn story about how public libraries served the people. I explored every corner of the library and genuinely connected with the staff. I found with their intentional, public-spirited help, those seemingly ordinary facilities served people in far more meaningful ways. Computers that I assumed were for checking out books or emails were actually lifelines for people searching for jobs and housing. The sinks in the public restroom served as a laundromat (洗衣房) and showers for the homeless. The entirely new and rich truth contributed to my series of breathing drawings. I do not hope everyone becomes an artist, but everyone can learn to see deeply. Slow down, pay attention, and truly observe; you will rediscover love for the world and all people around you. We urgently need this courage — to see each other and ourselves clearly, and to honor the real truth hidden in plain sight. 34. What confused the author in the first paragraph? A. A fixed concept. B. The adult’s criticism. C. A sharp contrast. D. The unclear drawing rules. 35. Why were the drawings terrible but wonderful in paragraph 2? A. They were messy but detailed. B. They were rough but lively. C. They appeared ugly but organized. D. They seemed simple but friendly. 36. What do the underlined words “the entirely new and rich truth” refer to in paragraph 3? A. More library service roles. B. Better maintenance of facilities. C. Greater professional pride. D. Deeper exploration for good stories. 37. What can we learn from this passage? A. Drawing skills improve with continuous practice and persistent patience. B. Deep seeing requires slowing down and observing without preconceptions. C. Public libraries offer many hidden services that few people know about. D. Adults often have a misunderstanding of children’s creative expressions. C For decades, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have held promise for treating neurological disorders, from paralysis to epilepsy. But most devices are crude, sending electrical pulses that don't match the subtle language of the brain. Now, a team of researchers has built artificial neurons that communicate with real cells using the same chemical signals the brain naturally uses, opening a new era of more natural, less invasive implants. The core of the breakthrough lies in how these artificial neurons mimic biological ones. Instead of just delivering electricity, they use neurotransmitters — the chemical messengers that neurons rely on to send signals. The synthetic cells are built from soft, biocompatible materials and can both detect signals from real neurons and release their own neurotransmitters in response. In lab tests, the artificial neurons successfully connected with living brain cells in a dish. When a real neuron fired, the synthetic version detected the signal, processed it, and then released neurotransmitters to activate a second neuron in the chain. The communication was fast, precise, and indistinguishable from natural neural activity. This technology solves a major problem with current implants: foreign - body rejection. Traditional BCIs are made of rigid materials that scar brain tissue over time, losing their ability to connect. The new artificial neurons, however, are flexible and made of materials similar to those found in the body, reducing the risk of rejection and inflammation. The implications are profound. For patients with paralysis, it could mean BCIs that control prosthetics with greater precision. For those with neurological diseases, like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, it could lead to implants that restore lost neural communication, potentially slowing or even reversing symptoms. “This is the first time we’ve built a device that truly speaks the brain’s language,” said lead researcher Dr. Elena Marquez. “By matching the brain’s own chemistry, we’re creating implants that don’t just connect to the brain, but integrate with it. This could revolutionize how we treat brain disorders.” While human trials are still years away, the research marks a critical step forward. As the technology evolves, these artificial neurons could become the building blocks of next - generation BCIs — ones that work seamlessly with the brain, not against it. 38. What does the underlined word “crude” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Rough and imprecise B. Expensive and rare C. Modern and advanced D. Small and portable 39. What advantage do the new artificial neurons have over traditional BCIs? A. They are made of harder materials for longer use B. They use electrical pulses to send signals only C. They reduce the risk of rejection by the body D. They have already been tested on human patients 40. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history and development of brain-computer interfaces. B. New artificial neurons that communicate like real brain cells. C. The negative effects of traditional medical implants. D. Common treatments for neurological diseases. D As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D. A. power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D. A. the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 41. Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A. It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B. It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C. It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D. It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 42. It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A. tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B. the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C. racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D. light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 43. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A. The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B. The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C. The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D. The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 44. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B. Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C. Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D. What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Can We Adapt to Modern Life? One of the fascinating things about working as a psychotherapist is having the opportunity to observe how many of our problems involve us getting in the way of ourselves. The difficulties we encounter are frequently the result of self-defeating, and managing them often requires doing our best not to give in to every impulse. ____45____ To lose weight and keep it off, to climb out of debt, to find meaningful work, to maintain happy relationships — all demand postponing our immediate desires. Delaying satisfaction has been a useful strategy for a long period of time. ____46____ Why is it that following our instincts often seems to land us in so much trouble? A central idea in the field of evolutionary psychology is that of evolutionary mismatch. Put simply, we evolved in a very different environment from the one in which we find ourselves. ____47____ But isn't a trait of being human our species' ability to adapt to changing circumstances? Yes and no. Yes, we have a remarkable ability to deal with new problems, collaborate to find solutions and create technology to help us realise them. ____48____ The contemporary human habitat isn't the one we were made for. Genetic adaptations could not keep up with the move to cities or technological and cultural shifts. So what has the consequence been? Perhaps the starkest impact has been on our waistlines. ____49____ Now calories are cheap and scientists devote whole careers to making foods “hyperpalatable” — that is, far more appealing than any food found in nature. These artificial snacks interfere with the body’s ability to regulate appetite. Obesity has now overtaken malnutrition as the leading public health issue relating to diet in many parts of the world. So how to settle the issue is another challenging task. A. As a result, our brains, bodies, and instincts are poorly matched to their surroundings. B. For example, the instinct to consume foods excessively rich in salt, fat, and sugar kept people alive for most of history, when the next meal was never guaranteed. C. This conflict between our ancient instincts and the modern world creates many challenges. D. But why does so much of modern life seem to involve swimming upstream? E. In other words, our greatest struggles often come from within. F. To deal with these gaps, some of us turn back to technology. G. At the same time, anthropologists (人类学家) estimate that human genetics has remained largely unchanged for about 100,000 years. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 I had tried several things to be happier, like playing video games on my phone, scrolling short videos and avoiding doing my homework. But none of these easy things made me truly happy. They just gave me short-term pleasure at the cost of long-term regret. But the moment I put my phone down, I didn’t feel good. I regretted wasting my time. I lost focus and started craving (强烈渴望) that instant pleasure again. And because of that, I couldn’t get any work done. And if I stopped, I’d feel restless and unhappy. Either way, it was hard. The human brain likes to avoid hard things. Why? Because it was necessary for survival. When our ancestors lived in the wild, they had to hunt, search for food, fight rivals (对手), and escape predators (天敌). One wrong move and the result would be death. Today, the world is much safer. But the human brain hasn’t changed much. That’s why, if you don’t resist, the brain chooses the easiest paths to solve problems. So, if you want to achieve anything worthwhile, you need to override your brain’s default (默认的) setting and do uncomfortable things in the short term. In fact, doing hard things is one of the most powerful skills you can build. It can make your life exciting, meaningful, and free. It can change everything. It’s backed by science. There is this brain region called the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). It gets bigger in size when we do things that we don’t like. Studies have found that aMCC is smaller in obese people, larger in athletes, and grows when we do challenging stuff. And when we avoid those challenging stuff, aMCC shrinks. aMCC is seen to generate willpower and resilience. When you do more hard things, it boosts your aMCC, which further increases your ability to stay disciplined and achieve your daily goals. Now, the first thing I do every day is something that feels uncomfortable — I’ve been waking up at 4 AM almost daily for the last two years. And it’s hard. But it does something magical. It makes me super disciplined and productive for the rest of the day. I feel more capable of tackling tasks that need deep focus. We must all suffer from one of two pains: the pain of discipline or the pain of regret. The difference is discipline weighs ounces while regret weighs tons. 50. How did the easy things make the author feel? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51. Why does the human brain like to avoid hard things? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Doing hard things reduces the size of your brain region called aMCC, which helps you stick to your plans and achieve daily goals. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. As for hard things, what can you learn from the article? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 书面表达（20分） 54. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。联合国面向全球青少年发起以“Innovation for a Better Life”（创新让生活更美好） 为主题的倡议征集活动。你的外国好友 Jim 打算参加，为此发来邮件，就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 提出建议； 2. 建议的理由。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $