2026年中考英语动词变形和阅读表达易错点整理

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考动词变形与阅读表达核心考点，涵盖动词单三、现在分词、不规则动词（分AAA/ABA/ABB/ABC型）及阅读表达五大易错点，通过规则分类、记忆口诀构建知识体系，结合考点梳理、方法指导、真题示例突破难点，体现复习教学的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于“分类记忆+策略指导”教学法，如单三“辅y变ies”口诀培养学习能力，阅读表达转述人称规则提升语言能力，设易错点专项训练与即时反馈，确保有限时间内高效突破，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，全面提升学生应考能力。

动词变形和阅读表达易错点 一、动词变形 （一）动词第三人称单数（单三）易错变形，不直接加s的动词 单三变形分为：规则特殊变化 + 纯不规则变化，是中考最高频易错点。 1.辅音字母+y：变 y 为 i + es（必考） study /ˈstʌdi/ 学习；研究 — studies carry /ˈkæri/ 搬运；携带 — carries worry /ˈwʌri/ 担心；担忧 — worries hurry /ˈhʌri/ 匆忙；赶快 — hurries fly /flaɪ/ 飞；飞行 — flies try /traɪ/ 尝试；努力 — tries cry /kraɪ/ 哭；喊叫 — cries copy /ˈkɒpi/ 复制；抄写 — copies busy /ˈbɪzi/ 使忙碌 — busies satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ 使满意 — satisfies marry /ˈmæri/ 结婚 — marries empty /ˈempti/ 倒空；清空 — empties tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ 整理；收拾 — tidies reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ 回复；答复 — replies 2.元音字母+y：直接加 s（容易混淆） play /pleɪ/ 玩耍；演奏 — plays stay /steɪ/ 停留；保持 — stays say /seɪ/ 说；讲 — says enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ 喜爱；享受 — enjoys obey /əˈbeɪ/ 遵守；服从 — obeys sway /sweɪ/ 摇摆；摆动 — sways lay /leɪ/ 放置；下蛋 — lays relay /rɪˈleɪ/ 转接力 — relays 3.o 结尾动词：直接加 es（仅两个） go /ɡəʊ/ 去；行走 — goes do /duː/ 做；干 — does 4.完全不规则单三（无规律，必背） be /biː/ 是 — is /ɪz/ have /hæv/ 有；拥有 — has /hæz/ 【单三记忆口诀】 辅y变ies，元y直接s； o尾加es，两词单独记； be、have无规律，牢牢记心里。 （二）现在分词（ing形式）特殊易错变形 多数动词直接加 ing，考试扣分全在特殊变化，分为三类。 1.不发音 e 结尾：去 e 加 ing take /teɪk/ 拿；携带 — taking make /meɪk/ 制作；使得 — making write /raɪt/ 书写 — writing ride /raɪd/ 骑乘 — riding drive /draɪv/ 驾驶 — driving leave /liːv/ 离开 — leaving move /muːv/ 移动 — moving live /lɪv/ 居住；生活 — living hope /həʊp/ 希望 — hoping 2.重读闭音节：双写末尾辅音再加 ing （口诀：一元一辅，重读结尾） swim /swɪm/ 游泳 — swimming run /rʌn/ 奔跑 — running sit /sɪt/ 坐 — sitting stop /stɒp/ 停止 — stopping shop /ʃɒp/ 购物 — shopping get /ɡet/ 得到；变得 — getting begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ 开始 — beginning cut /kʌt/ 切；割 — cutting dig /dɪɡ/ 挖掘 — digging drop /drɒp/ 落下 — dropping 3.ie 结尾：变 ie 为 y 加 ing（仅3个） lie /laɪ/ 躺；说谎 — lying die /daɪ/ 死亡 — dying tie /taɪ/ 系；捆绑 — tying 【现在分词记忆口诀】 不发音e直接删， 重读闭音双写尾， ie结尾变y形， 三类变化记分明。 （三）不规则动词：过去式、过去分词（中考重中之重） 按四种形态规律分类，最好背、最不容易混。 1.AAA型：三形完全不变 cost /kɒst/ 花费 — cost — cost cut /kʌt/ 切；割 — cut — cut hit /hɪt/ 击打；碰撞 — hit — hit hurt /hɜːt/ 伤害；疼痛 — hurt — hurt let /let/ 让 — let — let put /pʊt/ 放置 — put — put read /riːd/ 阅读 — read /red/ — read /red/ set /set/ 放置；设置 — set — set shut /ʃʌt/ 关闭 — shut — shut 2.ABA型：首尾相同、中间变化 become /bɪˈkʌm/ 成为；变得 — became — become come /kʌm/ 来 — came — come run /rʌn/ 跑 — ran — run 3.ABB型：后两形相同（中考最多、最常考） bring /brɪŋ/ 带来 — brought — brought buy /baɪ/ 购买 — bought — bought fight /faɪt/ 打架；奋斗 — fought — fought think /θɪŋk/ 思考；认为 — thought — thought catch /kætʃ/ 抓住；赶上 — caught — caught teach /tiːtʃ/ 教授 — taught — taught feel /fiːl/ 感觉 — felt — felt feed /fiːd/ 喂养 — fed — fed find /faɪnd/ 找到 — found — found get /ɡet/ 得到 — got — got have /hæv/ 有 — had — had hear /hɪə/ 听见 — heard — heard hold /həʊld/ 握住 — held — held keep /kiːp/ 保持 — kept — kept learn /lɜːn/ 学习 — learned/learnt — learned/learnt leave /liːv/ 离开 — left — left lend /lend/ 借出 — lent — lent lose /luːz/ 丢失 — lost — lost make /meɪk/ 制作 — made — made mean /miːn/ 意思是 — meant — meant meet /miːt/ 遇见 — met — met pay /peɪ/ 支付 — paid — paid say /seɪ/ 说 — said — said sell /sel/ 售卖 — sold — sold send /send/ 发送 — sent — sent sit /sɪt/ 坐 — sat — sat stand /stænd/ 站立 — stood — stood understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ 明白 — understood — understood win /wɪn/ 获胜 — won — won 4.ABC型：三形全部不同（难点、拉分点） begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ 开始 — began — begun drink /drɪŋk/ 喝 — drank — drunk sing /sɪŋ/ 唱歌 — sang — sung swim /swɪm/ 游泳 — swam — swum ring /rɪŋ/ 响铃；打电话 — rang — rung blow /bləʊ/ 吹 — blew — blown draw /drɔː/ 画画 — drew — drawn fly /flaɪ/ 飞 — flew — flown grow /ɡrəʊ/ 生长；种植 — grew — grown know /nəʊ/ 知道 — knew — known throw /θrəʊ/ 扔；抛 — threw — thrown break /breɪk/ 打破 — broke — broken speak /spiːk/ 说话；演讲 — spoke — spoken be /biː/ 是 — was/were — been do /duː/ 做 — did — done go /ɡəʊ/ 去 — went — gone eat /iːt/ 吃 — ate — eaten fall /fɔːl/ 落下 — fell — fallen give /ɡɪv/ 给予 — gave — given see /siː/ 看见 — saw — seen write /raɪt/ 书写 — wrote — written forget /fəˈɡet/ 忘记 — forgot — forgotten choose /tʃuːz/ 选择 — chose — chosen wear /weə/ 穿着 — wore — worn 二、阅读表达 【易错点一】转述时不会换人称 规则：答案里的人称，要和问题里的人称对得上。 例1：问题里有名字，答案里用he/she。 原文：Mary got up late， so she missed the bus. 问题：Why did Mary miss the bus？ 答案：Because she got up late. 例2：问题里是the writer，答案里继续用the writer。 原文：The writer thought AI was helpful. 问题：What did the writer think of AI？ 答案：The writer thought it was helpful. 记住： 问题有名字，用he/she；问题用the writer，继续用the writer。不要直接抄原文的I/you/we。 【易错点二】简略回答时不知道该留什么删什么 一般疑问句： 必须答“Yes/No + 主语 + 助动词”，只写Yes或No不完整。 问题：Does she finish the task？ 原文：Yes， she has. 正确Yes， she does. 错误Yes. 错误Yes， she has. 特殊疑问句： 只答关键信息。 问时间：When did the meeting start？ → At 3：00 pm. 问地点：Where did it happen？ → On Main Street. 问原因：Why was Tom late？ → Because he missed the bus. 问人物：Who won the game？ → Mary. 什么时候必须写完整句？ 删掉后句意不完整时。 问题：Why did Mary go to the library？ 原文：...to borrow some books. 正确To borrow some books. 错误Borrow some books. 不确定就写完整句，最保险。 【易错点三】回答why时，什么时候加to 必须加to： 答案是“为了做某事”时。 问题：Why did Mary go to the library？ 正确To borrow some books. 错误Borrow some books. 不用加to： 答案里已经有because时。 问题：Why was she late？ 原文：She was late because she missed the bus. 正确Because she missed the bus. 判断方法： 答案是“为了做某事”，加to。 【易错点四】What...do问句，用原形还是过去式？ 问题以“What...do”开头时，答案直接写动词。 问过去（did）→ 过去式 What did they do yesterday？ → Played football. 问将来（going to/will）→ 原形 What is she going to do？ → Read a book. 问建议（should）→ 原形 What should we do？ → Save water. 【易错点五】开放性表达，只写观点不写理由 这类题目通常会问“Why or why not？”，意思是既要表明观点，也要说明理由。 错误示例： 题目：Do you think students should use AI to help with homework？ Why or why not？ 答：Yes， I do. ✗ 只写了观点，没有回答“Why”。 答：Yes， because it is good. ✗ “good”太笼统，理由不具体。 正确示例： 答：Yes， I think students should use AI.Because AI can help explain difficult questions and save time. 答：No， I don‘t think so.Because students might depend on it too much and stop thinking for themselves. 其他常见问法的示例： 问做法：What do you usually do to protect your personal information online？ 答：I usually do three things.First， I never share my passwords.Second， I don’t click on unknown links.Third， I use different passwords for different apps. 问预测：What do you think the future of AI will be like？ 答：I think AI will become more helpful.It may take over boring jobs so that humans can do creative work. 万能结构： 观点 + because + 具体理由 1 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