暑假自学课第2讲一般现在时+现在进行时+一般过去时（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

新初二暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第2讲 一般现在时 · 现在进行时 · 一般过去时 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新八年级（七升八） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习三大基础时态的结构、用法和动词变化规则，学会在语境中正确使用时态 Part 1 温故知新 —— 三大时态结构回顾 一、一般现在时（Present Simple） 表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或者客观事实和真理。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词原形/三单 He reads books every day. 否定句 主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形 She doesn't like coffee. 一般疑问句 Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形? Do you play football? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形? Where does he live? 二、现在进行时（Present Continuous） 表示此刻正在发生的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + doing She is reading now. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + doing They aren't playing. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + doing? Is he sleeping? 三、一般过去时（Past Simple） 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 句式 结构 例句 be动词肯定 主语 + was/were + ... I was happy yesterday. be动词否定 主语 + wasn't/weren't + ... They weren't at home. 实义动词肯定 主语 + 动词过去式 She visited the museum. 实义动词否定 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 He didn't go to school. 四、热身小测——快速判断时态 判断下列句子属于哪种时态（填写编号：A=一般现在时 B=现在进行时 C=一般过去时） 1. I get up at six every day. ______ 2. She is reading a book now. ______ 3. We went to Beijing last summer. ______ 4. They don't like swimming. ______ 5. He was playing football at 4 pm yesterday. ______ 6. Did you see the film last night? ______ Part 2 习新知法 —— 时态规则精讲与拓展 一、一般现在时——三单变化规则 当主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/人名/单数名词）时，动词要加-s或-es： 规则 例词 一般情况加-s read→reads, play→plays, like→likes s/x/sh/ch/o结尾加-es watch→watches, go→goes, do→does, wash→washes 辅音+y变i加-es study→studies, fly→flies, carry→carries 特殊变化 have→has, be→is 一般现在时的核心用法： 1. 习惯性/经常性动作（常与频率副词连用） always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week... 2. 客观事实和普遍真理 例：The earth goes around the sun. 3. 固定时间表（车次/课程等） 例：The train leaves at 7 am. 三单变化练习：写出下列动词的三单形式 1. teach → ______ 2. carry → ______ 3. go → ______ 4. watch → ______ 5. fly → ______ 6. have → ______ 7. study → ______ 8. play → ______ 9. do → ______ 10. fix → ______ 二、现在进行时——分词变化与易错点 动词-ing形式变化规则： 规则 例词 一般加-ing read→reading, play→playing, look→looking 不发音e结尾去e加-ing make→making, write→writing, have→having 重读闭音节双写加-ing run→running, swim→swimming, get→getting, begin→beginning ie变y加-ing die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying 现在进行时的核心用法： 1. 此时此刻正在发生（常与now, at the moment连用） 2. 现阶段正在做但不一定是此刻（these days, this week） 3. 与look!, listen! 等提示词连用 易错提醒： 状态性动词（如know, want, like, love, hate, believe, understand, belong to等） 一般不用进行时。表示“我知道”用 I know，不用 I am knowing。 现在分词练习：写出下列动词的-ing形式 1. write → ______ 2. swim → ______ 3. sit → ______ 4. dance → ______ 5. run → ______ 6. lie → ______ 7. study → ______ 8. stop → ______ 9. make → ______ 10. die → ______ 三、一般过去时——过去式变化规则 规则动词过去式变化： 规则 例词 一般加-ed play→played, look→looked, start→started 不发音e结尾加-d like→liked, live→lived, dance→danced 辅音+y变i加-ed study→studied, carry→carried, cry→cried 重读闭音节双写加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned, clap→clapped 常见不规则动词过去式（务必牢记！）： 原形 过去式 be (am/is/are) was/were have/has had do/does did go went eat ate see saw buy bought take took tell told say said 一般过去式练习：写出下列动词的过去式 1. study → ______ 2. stop → ______ 3. try → ______ 4. dance → ______ 5. carry → ______ 6. plan → ______ 7. eat → ______ 8. see → ______ 9. go → ______ 10. buy → ______ 11. take → ______ 12. have → ______ 四、三大时态对比辨析 学会从时间状语判断该用什么时态： 时态 典型时间状语 例句 一般现在时 every day/week, always, often, usually, sometimes, never, on Sundays I usually walk to school. 现在进行时 now, at the moment, listen!, look!, these days Listen! Someone is singing. 一般过去时 yesterday, last night/week, ...ago, in 2023, just now She went to Shanghai yesterday. 时态辨析填空：用所给词的正确时态填空 1. He often ______ (play) basketball after school. 2. Look! The boys ______ (swim) in the pool. 3. She ______ (visit) her grandparents last weekend. 4. They ______ (not go) to school on Sundays. 5. My mother ______ (cook) dinner now. 6. I ______ (watch) a film with my friends yesterday. 7. The sun ______ (rise) in the east. 8. We ______ (have) a class meeting this time last week. 9. He usually ______ (get) up at 6:30, but he ______ (get) up late today. 10. She ______ (buy) a new bike last month. Part 3 基础巩固 —— 三大时态综合练习（不附答案） 一、单项选择 1. My brother ______ to school by bike every day. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 2. Listen! The girl ______ in the next room. A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. sang 3. They ______ a football match yesterday. A. have B. has C. are having D. had 4. She ______ to music now. Please be quiet. A. listens B. is listening C. listened D. listen 5. He ______ breakfast at 7:00 every morning. A. have B. has C. is having D. had 6. My parents ______ Shanghai last summer. A. visit B. visits C. visited D. are visiting 7. The earth ______ around the sun. A. goes B. went C. is going D. go 8. I ______ a new book from the library yesterday. A. borrow B. borrows C. am borrowing D. borrowed 9. Look! The children ______ games on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. played D. plays 10. We ______ to the park last Sunday. A. go B. goes C. went D. are going 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She often ______ (watch) TV on weekends. 2. They ______ (not have) a test yesterday. 3. He ______ (read) a book in the library right now. 4. We usually ______ (start) class at 8:00. 5. My father ______ (buy) a gift for me last week. 6. Be quiet! The baby ______ (sleep). 7. She ______ (teach) English in a middle school. 8. I ______ (meet) an old friend on the street yesterday. 9. They ______ (play) basketball now, but they usually ______ (play) football. 10. He ______ (not do) his homework last night. 三、按要求改写句子 1. She reads English every morning.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ English every morning. 2. They are playing football now.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ football now? 3. He visited the museum yesterday.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ the museum yesterday. 4. My mother is cooking dinner.（对划线部分提问） ______ your mother ______? 5. I went to the park with my friends.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ to the park with your friends? Part 4 提高挑战 —— 时态拔高训练（不附答案） 一、完形填空——时态综合 Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about my school life. I usually ______ up at 6:30. Then I ______ morning exercises on the playground. Classes ______ at 8:00. Yesterday I ______ a very interesting English class. Our teacher ______ us an English story. Right now, I ______ my homework in the library. I ______ reading very much. I ______ a new book last week. I hope you can come to my school one day. Yours, Li Hua (1) A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting (2) A. do B. does C. did D. am doing (3) A. start B. starts C. started D. are starting (4) A. have B. has C. had D. am having (5) A. tell B. tells C. told D. is telling (6) A. do B. does C. did D. am doing (7) A. like B. likes C. liked D. am liking (8) A. buy B. buys C. bought D. am buying 二、短文填空——时态判断 Last Sunday, my family and I ______ (go) to the zoo. We ______ (see) many animals there. The monkeys ______ (climb) trees when we arrived. A baby panda ______ (eat) bamboo. It ______ (be) very cute. Now I ______ (look) at the photos we took. I usually ______ (visit) the zoo twice a year. It ______ (be) really a wonderful place to relax. 用所给动词的适当形式填空： 三、改错——时态错误辨析 下列各句中有一处时态错误，找出并改正： 1. She is going to school by bus every day. 改正：______ → ______ 2. Look! The cats are fight in the garden. 改正：______ → ______ 3. He don't like playing computer games. 改正：______ → ______ 4. They are go to the cinema last night. 改正：______ → ______ 5. She is know the answer to the question. 改正：______ → ______ Part 5 本讲总结 三大时态结构对比 一般现在时：主语 + do/does（三单）+ 其它 主语 + am/is/are + 其它（be动词） 现在进行时：主语 + am/is/are + doing + 其它 一般过去时：主语 + did + 其它（实义动词） 主语 + was/were + 其它（be动词） 动词变化口诀 三单变化：一般情况加-s，辅音+y变ies，s/x/sh/ch加-es，o结尾加-es 现在分词：一般加-ing，不发音e去e加-ing，重读闭音节双写加-ing 过去式变化：一般加-ed，辅音+y变ied，重读闭音节双写加-ed，不规则要牢记 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 — 时态判断 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C Part 2 习新知法 三单变化练习 1. teaches 2. carries 3. goes 4. watches 5. flies 6. has 7. studies 8. plays 9. does 10. fixes 现在分词练习 1. writing 2. swimming 3. sitting 4. dancing 5. running 6. lying 7. studying 8. stopping 9. making 10. dying 过去式练习 1. studied 2. stopped 3. tried 4. danced 5. carried 6. planned 7. ate 8. saw 9. went 10. bought 11. took 12. had 时态辨析填空 1. plays 2. are swimming 3. visited 4. don't go 5. is cooking 6. watched 7. rises 8. were having 9. gets; got 10. bought Part 3 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 二、用所给词填空 1. watches 2. didn't have 3. is reading 4. start 5. bought 6. is sleeping 7. teaches 8. met 9. are playing; play 10. didn't do 三、句型转换 1. doesn't read 2. Are; playing 3. didn't visit 4. What is; doing 5. Did; go Part 4 提高挑战 一、完形填空 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 二、短文填空 1. went 2. saw 3. were climbing 4. was eating 5. was 6. am looking 7. visit 8. is 三、改错 1. is going → goes 2. fight → fighting 3. don't → doesn't 4. are go → went 5. is know → knows 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $