暑假自学课第3讲+一般将来时+There+be句型+情态动词（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

新初二暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第3讲 一般将来时 · There be 句型 · 情态动词 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新八年级（七升八） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习一般将来时（will/be going to）、There be句型和情态动词的用法与区分 Part 1 温故知新 —— 基础概念回顾 一、一般将来时——表示“将要” 七年级学过两种表达将来的方式： 结构 用法 例句 will + 动词原形 临时决定/预测/承诺 It will rain tomorrow. be going to + 动原 计划好的事/有迹象 We are going to visit Beijing. 否定 will not (won't) He won't come to the party. 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + 动原? Will you go with us? 二、There be 句型——“某地有某物” There be 表示存在，be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定——就近原则。 句式 结构 例句 肯定 There is/are + 某人/物 + 某地 There is a pen on the desk. 否定 There isn't/aren't + 某人/物 + 某地 There aren't any students. 一般疑问 Is/Are there + 某人/物 + 某地? Is there a library? 三、情态动词——“能/必须/应该/可以” 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形。 情态动词 用法 can 能够/可以（表示能力或允许） must 必须（主观义务） have to 不得不（客观需要） should 应该（建议/义务） may/might 可以/可能（允许或可能性） 四、热身小测——快速判断 选择正确选项填空： 1. There ______ a book and two pens on the desk. A. is B. are C. be D. am 2. I ______ go to the cinema with you tonight. A. will B. am C. do D. have 3. You ______ finish your homework before watching TV. A. can B. must C. may D. are 4. Look at those clouds! It ______ rain soon. A. will B. is C. is going to D. does 5. There ______ some milk in the fridge. A. is B. are C. have D. has Part 2 习新知法 —— 核心考点精讲 一、一般将来时 —— will 与 be going to 的深层区别 虽然两者都可以表示将来，但在以下情况下有明确分工： 1. 用 be going to 的场合 a) 事先计划好的安排 例：We are going to have a test next Monday.（早就知道要考试） b) 有迹象表明将要发生 例：It's so dark. It is going to rain.（乌云密布→要下雨了） 2. 用 will 的场合 a) 临时决定 例：— The phone is ringing. — I'll answer it.（临时起意去接） b) 预测未来（主观猜测） 例：I think people will live on Mars one day. c) 承诺/威胁/提议 例：I will help you with your maths.（承诺） 一般将来时练习：用 will 或 be going to 的适当形式填空 1. A: Why are you buying so many vegetables? B: I ______ (make) a big dinner for my family. 2. A: I've lost my keys. B: Don't worry. I ______ (help) you look for them. 3. Look at those dark clouds! It ______ (rain). 4. A: My phone isn't working. B: I ______ (lend) you mine. 5. We ______ (visit) the museum this weekend. We've already bought the tickets. 二、There be 句型 —— 特殊用法与易错点 1. 就近原则 There be 句型的be动词单复数，取决于最靠近be的那个名词： There is a pen and two books.（离be最近的是a pen → is） There are two books and a pen.（离be最近的是two books → are） 2. There be 与 have 的区别 There be → “某地存在某物”（强调存在） have/has → “某人拥有某物”（强调所属） 例：There is a computer in the classroom.（教室里有一台电脑） 例：We have a computer in our classroom.（我们的教室有一台电脑） 3. There be 的各种时态 时态 结构 一般现在时 There is/are ... 一般过去时 There was/were ... 一般将来时 There will be ... / There is/are going to be ... There be 练习：用 be 的适当形式填空（注意时态和就近原则） 1. There ______ a cat under the table. 2. There ______ many students in the classroom yesterday. 3. There ______ a football match next week. 4. There ______ some water and two apples on the table. 5. There ______ an apple and some water on the table. 6. — Is there any milk in the cup? — No, there ______. 7. There ______ (not) any books on the desk just now. 8. There ______ a new hospital in our town next year. 三、情态动词 —— 用法精讲与辨析 1. can / could / be able to can：表示能力或允许（现在时） could：can的过去式，或委婉请求 be able to：可以替代can，但有更多时态变化 例：I can swim.（会游泳，能力） 例：Could you help me?（委婉请求） 例：He was able to finish the work.（过去成功地做成了） 2. must 与 have to must：主观认为“必须”（说话人自己的意志） have to：客观“不得不”（外界条件所迫） 例：I must finish my homework now.（我自己觉得必须） 例：I have to wear a uniform at school.（学校规定，客观要求） must 的否定回答：Must I go now? — No, you needn't / don't have to. mustn't 表示“禁止”，不是“不必”！ 例：You mustn't run in the hallway.（禁止在走廊跑） 3. should / ought to should：表示“应该”（建议、义务、预期） ought to：语气比should略强 例：You should see a doctor.（建议） 例：We should respect our teachers.（义务） 4. may / might may：表示“可以”（请求允许）或“可能”（可能性） might：may的过去式，或比may更不确定的可能性 例：May I come in?（请求允许） 例：It may rain tomorrow.（50%可能性） 例：It might rain tomorrow.（30%可能性，更不确定） 情态动词综合练习：选择正确的情态动词 1. You ______ (must / needn't) finish your homework first. That's the rule. 2. — Must I clean the room now? — No, you ______ (mustn't / needn't). 3. You ______ (mustn't / needn't) smoke in the hospital. It's not allowed. 4. I ______ (can / must) speak a little English. 5. You look tired. You ______ (can / should) take a rest. 6. ______ (May / Must) I borrow your dictionary? 7. It's raining outside. I ______ (have to / can) take an umbrella. 8. She ______ (can / should) play the piano when she was five. Part 3 基础巩固 —— 综合练习（不附答案） 一、单项选择 1. There ______ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. is going to have C. is going to be D. will have 2. I ______ help you with your English if you want. A. am going to B. will C. must D. should 3. You ______ cross the street when the traffic light is red. A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. can't 4. She ______ play the guitar very well. She has practised for years. A. can B. must C. should D. may 5. Look at those black clouds! It ______ rain heavily. A. will B. is going to C. can D. should 6. There ______ a book and two rulers on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has 7. — Must we finish the work today? — No, you ______. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't 8. I ______ finish my homework before I watch TV. My parents said so. A. can B. may C. need D. have to 9. We ______ a new library next term. A. there be B. there will be C. will have D. will has 10. You look pale. You ______ see a doctor. A. can B. should C. may D. might 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. There ______ (be) a lot of people at the party yesterday. 2. I ______ (be) going to visit my grandparents this weekend. 3. She ______ (have to) finish the project before Friday. 4. They ______ (not, will) come to the party because they are too busy. 5. There ______ (be) a basketball match and two concerts next month. 6. You ______ (must, not) touch the paintings in the museum. 7. We ______ (be going to) have a picnic if it doesn't rain. 8. There ______ (be) some juice in the glass. 9. He ______ (have to) get up early yesterday because he missed the bus. 10. ______ (will) you please open the window? 三、按要求改写句子 1. There is a computer on the desk.（改为否定句） There ______ a computer on the desk. 2. She will come to the party.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she ______ to the party? 3. I have to finish my homework first.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ ______ finish your homework first? 4. There are some apples in the basket.（改为单数句） There ______ ______ ______ in the basket. 5. We are going to visit the museum.（改为否定句） We ______ ______ going to visit the museum. Part 4 提高挑战 —— 拔高训练（不附答案） 一、完形填空 My name is Li Ming. I'm a middle school student. Our school has a new library. There ______ many books in it. We ______ borrow books from it every week. But there ______ a rule: we ______ keep quiet in the library. Next month, our school ______ a reading festival. There ______ a book fair. I think it ______ be very interesting. I ______ wait to join it! (1) A. is B. are C. have D. has (2) A. can B. must C. should D. have to (3) A. is B. are C. have D. has (4) A. can B. must C. needn't D. don't have to (5) A. is going to B. is going to have C. is going to be D. will have (6) A. will be B. will have C. is D. are (7) A. is going to B. will C. can D. must (8) A. can B. must C. can't D. needn't 二、单句改错——下列各句中有一处错误，找出并改正 1. There have a lot of trees in our school. 改正：______ → ______ 2. She can to swim very well. 改正：______ → ______ 3. There is two cats and a dog under the table. 改正：______ → ______ 4. He will going to visit his grandfather this Sunday. 改正：______ → ______ 5. I mustn't go to school today because it's Sunday. 改正：______ → ______ 三、翻译句子（用本讲学过的句型或结构） 1. 明天下午有一场英语考试。 There ______ ______ an English exam tomorrow afternoon. 2. 我长大后想当一名医生。 I ______ ______ ______ be a doctor when I grow up. 3. 教室里不能吃东西。 You ______ ______ in the classroom. 4. 明天天气会很好。 It ______ ______ fine tomorrow. 5. 我们学校有一个大的图书馆和许多教学楼。 There ______ a big library and many teaching buildings in our school. Part 5 本讲总结 核心结构速查表 will + 动词原形：临时决定/预测（未必有准备） be going to + 动词原形：计划/有迹象将要发生 There be + 某物 + 某地：存在（就近原则） can 能/must 必须/have to 不得不/should 应该/may 可能 易错提醒卡 1. There be 和 have 不能混用——There be 表“存在”，have 表“拥有” 2. must 提问的否定回答用 needn't / don't have to，不是 mustn't 3. will 和 be going to 可以互换的情况较多，但计划用 be going to 更地道 4. have to 有人称和时态变化（has to / had to），must 没有 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 — 热身小测 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A Part 2 习新知法 一般将来时练习 1. am going to make 2. will help 3. is going to rain 4. will lend 5. are going to visit There be练习 1. is 2. were 3. will be / is going to be 4. is 5. is 6. isn't 7. weren't 8. will be / is going to be 情态动词练习 1. must 2. needn't 3. mustn't 4. can 5. should 6. May 7. have to 8. could Part 3 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B 二、用所给词填空 1. were 2. am 3. has to 4. won't come 5. will be / is going to be 6. mustn't 7. are going to 8. is 9. had to 10. Will 三、句型转换 1. isn't 2. Will; come 3. Do; have to 4. is an apple 5. are not Part 4 提高挑战 一、完形填空 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 二、改错 1. have → are 2. to swim → swim 3. is → are 4. will going → is going 5. mustn't → needn't / don't have to 三、翻译 1. will be / is going to be 2. am going to 3. mustn't eat / can't eat 4. will be 5. is 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $