暑假自学课第10讲Unit3 Make it happen语法练习（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

新初二暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第10讲 Unit 3 Make it happen! — 语法练习 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新八年级（七升八） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：学习被动语态（一般现在时/一般过去时）的基本结构，掌握主动与被动之间的转换方法 Part 1 温故知新 —— 主动语态回顾 一、动词时态复习——区分主谓宾 在学被动语态之前，先回顾一下句子的基本成分。 主语（谁） 谓语（做） 宾语（被做） The boy kicked the ball. She wrote a letter. The cat ate the fish. They built a house. 二、热身——判断下列句子是主动还是被动 1. The boy broke the window. ______ 2. The window was broken by the boy. ______ 3. She wrote a book. ______ 4. The book was written by her. ______ 5. Many people speak English. ______ 三、不规则动词过去分词复习 被动语态需要用到过去分词，复习一下已学过的： 原形 过去式 过去分词 write wrote written build built built invent invented invented use used used take took taken make made made Part 2 习新知法 —— 被动语态精讲 被动语态强调动作的承受者，而非动作的执行者。在科技发明等话题中尤其常用。 一、被动语态的结构 被动语态的基本结构： Subject + be + 过去分词 + (by + 宾语) 主动句与被动句对比： 主动句 被动句 The boy broke the window. The window was broken by the boy. People use English widely. English is widely used by people. Edison invented the bulb. The bulb was invented by Edison. 二、不同时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are + 过去分词 例句：English is spoken in many countries. 例句：These books are written for children. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + 过去分词 例句：The telephone was invented by Bell. 例句：These houses were built in 2010. 3. 含情态动词的被动语态 can/must/should + be + 过去分词 例句：The work must be finished today. 例句：This machine can be used easily. 三、主动变被动的三步法 把主动句改成被动句，只需三步： 第1步：把宾语提到句首做新主语 第2步：be动词的时态与原句保持一致，再加过去分词 第3步：原主语前加 by，放在句尾（可省略） 示例：People speak English all over the world. ① 宾语 English → 作主语 ② speak → is spoken（一般现在时 + 过去分词） ③ by people → English is spoken by people all over the world. ✓ 主动变被动练习：将下列句子改为被动语态 1. People grow rice in the south. Rice ______ ______ in the south. 2. Edison invented the light bulb. The light bulb ______ ______ by Edison. 3. The students clean the classroom every day. The classroom ______ ______ by the students every day. 4. They built a new hospital last year. A new hospital ______ ______ last year. 5. We can solve this problem easily. This problem ______ ______ solved easily. 四、被动语态的否定和疑问句 1. 否定句：在be动词后加not 例句：The work is not finished yet. 例句：The house was not built in 2020. 2. 一般疑问句：将be动词提到句首 例句：Is English spoken in China? 例句：Was the car invented in 1885? 3. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词 例句：When was the computer invented? 例句：Where are these cars made? 被动语态否定/疑问句练习： 1. The letter was written by Tom.（改为否定句） The letter ______ ______ by Tom. 2. English is spoken in Australia.（改为一般疑问句） ______ English ______ in Australia? 3. Paper was invented in China.（对划线部分提问） Where ______ paper ______? 4. This book is used by students.（改为否定句） This book ______ ______ by students. 五、使用被动语态的场景 被动语态在以下情况中特别常用： ① 不知道动作的执行者：My bike was stolen.（不知道谁偷的） ② 动作的执行者不重要：English is used worldwide. ③ 科技/发明话题（本单元重点！）：The light bulb was invented by Edison. ④ 礼貌地回避责任：The window was broken.（不说是谁） Part 3 基础巩固 —— 被动语态练习（不附答案） 一、单项选择 1. The light bulb ______ by Thomas Edison. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 2. English ______ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. spoke 3. This computer ______ in China. A. made B. was made C. was making D. makes 4. The problem can ______ easily. A. solve B. be solved C. solved D. be solve 5. ______ the letter ______ by Tom yesterday? A. Was; written B. Is; written C. Did; write D. Was; wrote 6. These books ______ for children. A. are writing B. are written C. write D. wrote 7. A new hospital ______ next year. A. will built B. will be built C. is building D. builds 8. The classroom ______ by the students every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. is cleaning D. cleaned 9. When ______ the telephone ______? A. was; invented B. is; invented C. did; invent D. was; invent 10. The work must ______ on time. A. is finished B. be finished C. finish D. finished 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（注意语态） 1. Rice ______ (grow) in the south of China. 2. The new library ______ (build) last year. 3. This song ______ (sing) by many young people. 4. The problem ______ (solve) yesterday. 5. These machines ______ (make) in Germany. 6. The child ______ (save) by the doctor last night. 7. The window ______ (break) by the wind last night. 8. The books must ______ (return) to the library on time. 9. Tea ______ (grow) in many parts of China. 10. The letter ______ (not, write) by her. 三、按要求改写句子 1. People grow tea in many countries.（改为被动语态） Tea ______ ______ in many countries. 2. Edison invented the light bulb.（改为被动语态） The light bulb ______ ______ by Edison. 3. The work is finished by him.（改为否定句） The work ______ ______ by him. 4. The car was made in Japan.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the car ______ in Japan? 5. Students use this room every day.（改为被动语态） This room ______ ______ by students every day. Part 4 提高挑战 —— 语法综合运用（不附答案） 一、完形填空——被动语态在科技话题中的应用 Did you know that the first computer ______ in the 1940s? It was very big. Today, computers ______ in almost every field. Many things ______ by computers. The first smartphone ______ by IBM in 1994. Since then, mobile phones ______ greatly. Now, new technology ______ all the time. For example, AI (人工智能) ______ in medical fields. Some people worry that robots might take over the world. But I think technology ______ for the good of humans. (1) A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents (2) A. use B. are used C. used D. were used (3) A. do B. are doing C. are done D. were done (4) A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents (5) A. developed B. are developed C. have developed D. have been developed (6) A. invents B. is invented C. was invented D. is inventing (7) A. uses B. is used C. was used D. used (8) A. should be used B. should use C. uses D. used 二、阅读理解——被动语态辨识 The camera was invented in 1839 by Louis Daguerre. It was one of the most important inventions in history. Nowadays, cameras are used everywhere. They are built into smartphones. Many photos are taken and shared on social media every day. The first colour photo was taken in 1861. Since then, photography has been improved greatly. Digital cameras were invented in the 1970s. Now, most photos are taken on digital devices. 1. When was the camera invented? A. In 1861. B. In 1839. C. In the 1970s. D. In 1994. 2. Who invented the camera? A. Thomas Edison. B. Alexander Bell. C. Louis Daguerre. D. IBM. 3. Which of the following is in the passive voice? A. It was one of the most important inventions. B. Nowadays, cameras are used everywhere. C. Many photos are taken and shared every day. D. Both B and C. 4. What does “digital cameras” mean? A. 数码相机 B. 单反相机 C. 胶片相机 D. 手机相机 5. When were digital cameras invented? A. In 1839. B. In 1861. C. In the 1970s. D. In 1994. 三、翻译句子——运用被动语态 1. 纸是两千多年前在中国发明的。 Paper ______ ______ in China over 2,000 years ago. 2. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。 English ______ ______ ______ around the world. 3. 这些书是为孩子们写的。 These books ______ ______ for children. 4. 这个问题可以很容易地被解决。 This problem ______ ______ ______ easily. 5. 这座桥是什么时候建的？ When ______ the bridge ______? Part 5 本讲总结 被动语态结构速查 主动：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 被动：主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词 一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词 含情态动词被动：can/must/should + be + 过去分词 变化步骤： ① 宾语变主语 ② 谓语改为 be + 过去分词 ③ 原主语前加 by（或省略） 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 1. 主动（The boy broke the window.） 2. 被动（The window was broken.） 3. 主动 4. 被动 5. 主动 Part 2 习新知法 — 当堂练习 主动变被动 1. is grown 2. was invented 3. is cleaned 4. was built 5. can be 否定/疑问句 1. was not written 2. Is; spoken 3. was; invented 4. is not used Part 3 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 二、用所给词填空 1. is grown 2. was built 3. is sung 4. was solved 5. are made 6. was saved 7. was broken 8. be returned 9. is grown 10. was not written 三、句型转换 1. is grown 2. was invented 3. is not finished 4. Was; made 5. is used Part 4 提高挑战 一、完形填空 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A 二、阅读理解 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 三、翻译 1. was invented 2. is widely used 3. were written / are written 4. can be solved 5. was; built 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $