暑假自学课第4讲+形容词比较级+最高级+句法基础（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

新初二暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第4讲 形容词比较级 · 最高级 · 句法基础 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新八年级（七升八） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则与句型，巩固特殊疑问句和祈使句的用法 Part 1 温故知新 —— 基础概念回顾 一、形容词比较级和最高级 比较级用来比较两者（“更……”），最高级用来比较三者及以上（“最……”）。 类型 比较级 最高级 短形容词（单音节） tall → taller tall → the tallest 辅音+y结尾 happy → happier happy → the happiest 重读闭音节 big → bigger big → the biggest 多音节 beautiful → more beautiful beautiful → the most beautiful 二、特殊疑问句——“wh-问题” 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序（疑问词作主语时例外）： 疑问词 用法 What 问事物/事情——What's this? Who 问人——Who is your teacher? Where 问地点——Where do you live? When 问时间——When does the class start? Why 问原因——Why are you late? How 问方式/程度——How do you go to school? 三、祈使句——“命令/请求/建议” 祈使句以动词原形开头，否定形式在句首加 Don't。 类型 例句 肯定祈使句 Sit down, please. / Open the door. 否定祈使句 Don't run in the hallway. / Don't be late. Let's 句型 Let's go to the park. / Let's play football. 四、热身小测——基础回顾 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级： 1. tall → ______ / ______ 2. happy → ______ / ______ 3. big → ______ / ______ 4. beautiful → ______ / ______ 5. good → ______ / ______ 选择正确的疑问词： 6. ______ is your favourite subject? — English. 7. ______ do you go to school? — By bus. 8. ______ is the library? — It's next to the dining hall. Part 2 习新知法 —— 核心考点精讲 一、比较级最高级——完整变化规则 掌握以下变化规则，才能写对比较级和最高级。 1. 规则变化总表 构成规则 原级 比较级/最高级 一般单音节加-er/-est tall / fast taller / tallest — faster / fastest 不发音e结尾加-r/-st nice / late nicer / nicest — later / latest 辅音+y变i加-er/-est easy / happy easier / easiest — happier / happiest 重读闭音节双写加 big / hot bigger / biggest — hotter / hottest 多音节词前加more/most beautiful / important more beautiful / most beautiful 2. 常见不规则变化（必须背熟！） 原级 比较级 / 最高级 good / well better / best bad / badly worse / worst many / much more / most little less / least far farther / farthest（距离）或 further / furthest（程度） old older / oldest（年龄）或 elder / eldest（长幼） 3. 比较级的修饰语 比较级前可以用以下词来修饰，表示程度不同： 修饰语 含义/例句 much / a lot ……得多——much bigger（大得多） a little / a bit 稍微——a little cheaper（稍微便宜点） even 甚至更——even more beautiful（甚至更漂亮） far 远比——far better（好得多） 比较级最高级练习：用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This book is ______ (interesting) than that one. 2. Mount Qomolangma is the ______ (high) mountain in the world. 3. She is ______ (tall) than her sister. 4. English is ______ (easy) than maths for me. 5. This is the ______ (good) film I have ever seen. 6. He runs much ______ (fast) than before. 7. Summer is ______ (hot) season of the year. 8. My mother gets up ______ (early) than my father. 二、比较结构句型——准确表达“和……一样”和“比……更” 1. as + 原级 + as “和……一样……” 例：Tom is as tall as his brother. 例：She runs as fast as a cheetah. 2. not as/so + 原级 + as “不如……” 例：This book is not as interesting as that one. 例：He doesn't sing so well as his sister. 3. the + 比较级，the + 比较级 “越……就越……” 例：The more you read, the more you learn. 例：The harder you work, the luckier you get. 比较结构练习：完成下列句子 1. 他和他的爸爸一样高。 He is ______ ______ ______ his father. 2. 这个房间不如那个房间大。 This room is ______ ______ ______ ______ that one. 3. 你练习得越多，就学得越好。 ______ ______ you practise, ______ ______ you learn. 4. 她跑步比我快得多。 She runs ______ ______ than me. 三、特殊疑问句——疑点和易错点 1. 疑问词作主语时——不用助动词 Who is your English teacher?（who作主语→不用do） What happened yesterday?（what作主语→不用did） Which book is yours?（which作主语→不用does） 2. How 的常见搭配 搭配 含义 How many (+可数名词) 多少（问数量） How much (+不可数名词) 多少/多少钱（问数量或价格） How long 多长/多长时间 How often 多久一次（问频率） How far 多远（问距离） How long does it take to get there?（要多长时间） How often do you exercise? — Twice a week.（多久一次） How far is it from your home to school?（多远） 特殊疑问句练习：填入合适的疑问词 1. ______ is your new English teacher? — Ms Wang. 2. ______ do you usually have lunch? — At 12 o'clock. 3. ______ do you like pandas? — Because they are cute. 4. ______ books do you have? — About fifty. 5. ______ does it take to go to the airport? — About an hour. 6. ______ do you go to the library? — Once a week. 四、祈使句——命令、建议和请求 祈使句的特点：没有主语，以动词原形开头。 1. 肯定祈使句 动词原形直接开头：Come in, please. / Open your books. Be + 形容词：Be quiet! / Be careful! 2. 否定祈使句 Don't + 动词原形：Don't be late. / Don't forget your keys. Never + 动词原形：Never give up! 3. Let 句型 Let me + 动词原形：Let me help you. Let's + 动词原形：Let's go for a walk. / Let's not argue. 祈使句练习：将下列句子改为祈使句 1. You should sit down. → ______ ______, please. 2. You mustn't run in the hallway. → ______ ______ in the hallway. 3. You should not be noisy. → ______ ______ noisy. 4. We should play together. → ______ ______ together. Part 3 基础巩固 —— 综合练习（不附答案） 一、单项选择 1. She is ______ than her twin sister. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more tall 2. This is ______ movie I have ever watched. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 3. ______ is your home from school? — About 2 kilometres. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How many 4. He runs ______ faster than his brother. A. very B. much C. more D. too 5. ______ late again, Tom! A. Not be B. Don't be C. Don't D. Not 6. — ______ do you go to the library? — Twice a month. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How many 7. Who is ______ student in your class? A. good B. better C. best D. the best 8. The weather today is ______ yesterday. A. as good as B. as good to C. as well as D. as well to 9. Tokyo is one of ______ cities in the world. A. large B. larger C. the largest D. most largest 10. — ______ won the first prize? — Lucy did. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Whose 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My father is ______ (busy) than my mother. 2. Spring is the ______ (good) season of the year. 3. She sings ______ (beautiful) in our class. 4. This box is much ______ (heavy) than that one. 5. The ______ (hard) you try, the more you get. 6. Please ______ (not, open) the window. It's too cold. 7. ______ (who) teaches you English this term? 8. She is not as ______ (tall) as her brother. 9. This is the ______ (bad) day of my life! 10. ______ (let) go to the library together. 三、句型转换 1. Tom is tall. Jack is taller.（合并为比较级句子） Jack is ______ ______ Tom. 2. She is the most outgoing girl in her class.（用比较级改写） She is ______ ______ than any other girl in her class. 3. You should not watch TV too much.（改为祈使句） ______ ______ TV too much. 4. This book costs 30 yuan. That book costs 20 yuan.（合并为比较句） This book is ______ ______ than that one. 5. It's about 10 minutes' walk from my home to school.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ is it from your home to school? Part 4 提高挑战 —— 拔高训练（不附答案） 一、完形填空——比较级与最高级 China is one of ______ oldest countries in the world. It has a long history. In recent years, China has become ______ and ______. Many foreign people think China is ______ than before. The Great Wall is one of the ______ places to visit. It's much ______ than people imagine. I think China will become even ______ in the future. I love my country ______ than any other country. (1) A. a B. an C. the D. / (2) A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong (3) A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong (4) A. good B. better C. best D. well (5) A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular (6) A. long B. longer C. longest D. more long (7) A. good B. better C. best D. well (8) A. much B. more C. most D. many 二、阅读理解——比较结构应用 There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each season is different. Spring is the warmest season. Flowers start to bloom. Summer is hotter than spring. It is the hottest season of the year. Autumn is cooler than summer. The weather is nice and cool. Winter is the coldest season. It snows in some places. I like autumn best because it is neither too hot nor too cold. But my mother likes summer better. She says summer is more exciting. 1. Which season is the hottest? A. Spring B. Summer C. Autumn D. Winter 2. The weather in autumn is ______ than in summer. A. hotter B. colder C. cooler D. warmer 3. What does the writer like best? A. Spring B. Summer C. Autumn D. Winter 4. The word “neither...nor” means ______. A. 既不……也不…… B. 或者……或者…… C. 不仅……而且…… D. 因为……所以…… 5. Which statement is TRUE? A. Spring is the coldest season. B. Winter is warmer than autumn. C. The writer's mother likes summer better than autumn. D. All seasons are the same. 三、翻译句子——综合运用比较结构和句法 1. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 Shanghai is one of ______ ______ ______ in China. 2. 她越学越觉得英语有趣。 ______ ______ she learns, ______ ______ she finds English. 3. 你这次考试不如上次好。 This exam is not ______ ______ ______ the last one. 4. 咱们不要在教室里跑。 ______ ______ run in the classroom. 5. 你多久锻炼一次？ ______ ______ do you exercise? Part 5 本讲总结 比较级最高级口诀 比较级，别着急，er/est 要牢记； 一般直接加er/est，辅音+y变ier/iest； 重读闭音双写加，多音节词前加more/most； 特殊变化单独记——good/well→better→best， bad/badly→worse→worst，many/much→more→most，little→less→least。 句法核心结构 比较级标志：than, much/a lot/even修饰比较级 最高级标志：the + 最高级 + of/in范围 同级比较：as + 原级 + as / not as/so + 原级 + as 祈使句：动词原形开头 / Don't + 动原 / Let's + 动原 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 — 热身小测 1. taller / tallest 2. happier / happiest 3. bigger / biggest 4. more beautiful / most beautiful 5. better / best 6. What 7. How 8. Where Part 2 习新知法 比较级最高级练习 1. more interesting 2. highest 3. taller 4. easier 5. best 6. faster 7. the hottest 8. earlier 比较结构练习 1. as tall as 2. not as/so big as 3. The more; the better 4. much faster 特殊疑问句练习 1. Who 2. When 3. Why 4. How many 5. How long 6. How often 祈使句练习 1. Sit down 2. Don't run 3. Don't be 4. Let's play Part 3 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 二、用所给词填空 1. busier 2. best 3. the most beautifully 4. heavier 5. harder 6. don't open 7. Who 8. tall 9. worst 10. Let's 三、句型转换 1. taller than 2. more outgoing 3. Don't watch 4. more expensive 5. How far Part 4 提高挑战 一、完形填空 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. B 二、阅读理解 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C 三、翻译 1. the largest cities 2. The more; the more 3. as/so good as 4. Let's not / Don't 5. How often 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $