2026年中考英语常考短语动词大全

该初中英语中考复习知识清单全面梳理了200+条常考短语动词，按核心动词分类，涵盖ask、break、bring等30余类核心动词范畴，每个短语均配有中文释义和典型例句，构建从基础理解到应用实践的系统复习框架。 清单采用“核心动词分类+高频辨析附录”的方式呈现知识体系，如将break down/break out/break up等易混短语归类辨析，标注区别说明，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设计“每日10-15个分批记忆”学习建议，结合例句理解用法，助力学生高效掌握，为教师提供针对性复习资料，提升备考效率。

初中英语常考短语动词大全 初中英语 常考短语动词大全 使用说明 本文档整理了初中英语常考短语动词200+ 条，按核心动词分类。每个短语动词均附有中文释义和典型例句。 学习建议：建议分批记忆，每天掌握 10-15 个，结合例句理解用法，而非死记硬背。注意区分及物与不及物、可分离与不可分离。 ask 短语动词 中文释义 例句 ask for 请求；要求得到 He asked for help. ask about 询问关于…… She asked about his family. break 短语动词 中文释义 例句 break down 抛锚；分解；失灵 My car broke down on the way. break into 破门而入；突然开始 A thief broke into the house. break out 爆发；突然发生 A fire broke out last night. break up 分手；打碎；散会 They broke up after 3 years. break off 中断；断裂 He broke off in the middle of his speech. bring 短语动词 中文释义 例句 bring about 导致；引起 Science has brought about many changes. bring back 带回；使记起 The song brought back memories. bring down 降低；打倒 They brought down the price. bring forward 提出；提前 He brought forward a good suggestion. bring up 抚养；提出 She brought up three children. bring in 引进；赚得 The company brings in a lot of money. blow 短语动词 中文释义 例句 blow away 吹走 The wind blew away the leaves. blow out 吹灭 Blow out the candles. blow up 爆炸；充气 The soldiers blew up the bridge. call 短语动词 中文释义 例句 call back 回电话 I'll call you back later. call for 要求；需要；接某人 The situation calls for immediate action. call in 叫……进来；拜访 Call in a doctor. call off 取消 The match was called off due to rain. call on/upon 拜访；号召 I called on him yesterday. call up 打电话；使记起 Call me up when you arrive. carry 短语动词 中文释义 例句 carry on 继续进行 Carry on with your work. carry out 执行；实施 We must carry out the plan. carry off 夺走；获得 She carried off the first prize. check 短语动词 中文释义 例句 check in 办理登记手续；报到 We checked in at the hotel. check out 办理退房手续；调查 We checked out at noon. check over 仔细检查 Check over your test paper. clean 短语动词 中文释义 例句 clean out 清洁；清空 Clean out your desk. clean up 打扫干净；整顿 Let's clean up the classroom. come 短语动词 中文释义 例句 come about 发生 How did the accident come about? come across 偶然遇见；被理解 I came across an old friend yesterday. come along 一起来；进展 Come along with us. / How is your work coming along? come back 回来；想起 When did you come back? come down 下来；降低；传下 The price has come down. come from 来自 Where do you come from? come in 进来 Come in, please. come on 快点；加油；开始 Come on! Let's go. come out 出版；结果是；开花 Her new book came out last month. come over 顺便来访 Why don't you come over for dinner? come to 来到；苏醒；总计 When he came to, he was in hospital. come true 实现 His dream came true. come up 走上来；被提出；发生 A problem has come up. come up with 提出；想出 He came up with a good idea. cut 短语动词 中文释义 例句 cut down 砍倒；削减 We need to cut down our expenses. cut in 插嘴；插队 Don't cut in while others are talking. cut off 切断；中断 The electricity was cut off. cut out 剪下；停止 Cut out the picture from the magazine. cut up 切碎 Cut up the vegetables. deal 短语动词 中文释义 例句 deal with 处理；应付；涉及 I don't know how to deal with the problem. die 短语动词 中文释义 例句 die down 变弱；逐渐消失 The wind died down. die from/of 因……而死 He died of cancer. die out 灭绝 Many animals have died out. do 短语动词 中文释义 例句 do away with 废除；消灭 We should do away with bad habits. do with 处理；忍受 What did you do with my bag? do without 没有……也行 I can't do without coffee. drop 短语动词 中文释义 例句 drop by/in 顺便拜访 Drop by whenever you're free. drop off 下车；减少 Can you drop me off at school? drop out 辍学；退出 He dropped out of school at 16. fall 短语动词 中文释义 例句 fall asleep 入睡 He fell asleep quickly. fall behind 落后 Don't fall behind in your studies. fall down 跌倒；失败 The old man fell down. fall in love with 爱上 He fell in love with her. fall off 从……跌落 He fell off the bike. fall over 绊倒 He fell over a stone. fill 短语动词 中文释义 例句 fill in 填写；代替 Fill in the form, please. fill out 填写表格 Please fill out this application. fill up 装满 Fill up the bottle with water. find 短语动词 中文释义 例句 find out 查明；发现 I'll find out the truth. fix 短语动词 中文释义 例句 fix up 修理；安排 Can you fix up my bike? get 短语动词 中文释义 例句 get along with 与……相处 He gets along well with his classmates. get away 离开；逃脱 The thief got away. get back 回来；取回 When did you get back? get down 下来；使沮丧 The bad news got him down. get down to 开始认真对待 Let's get down to work. get in 进入；到达 What time did you get in? get off 下车；脱身 Get off at the next stop. get on 上车；进展 Get on the bus. / How are you getting on? get on with 与……相处；继续 Get on with your work! get out 出去；泄露 Get out of here! / The secret got out. get over 克服；恢复 She got over her illness. get rid of 摆脱；消除 I can't get rid of this cold. get through 度过；通过；完成 I got through the exam. get together 聚会 Let's get together sometime. get up 起床；起立 I get up at 6:00 every day. get used to 习惯于 I've got used to the weather here. give 短语动词 中文释义 例句 give away 赠送；泄露 He gave away all his money. give back 归还 Give back the book on time. give in 屈服；认输 He finally gave in to his parents. give off 发出（光、热、气味） The flowers give off a sweet smell. give out 分发；用尽；筋疲力尽 Give out the papers. / My strength gave out. give up 放弃 Don't give up hope. go 短语动词 中文释义 例句 go about 开始做；着手 How do you go about finding a job? go after 追求 Go after your dream! go against 违反；不利于 It goes against the rules. go ahead 开始；继续；请便 Go ahead, we're listening. go along 前进；进行 Things are going along well. go away 离开 Go away! I'm busy. go back 回去 Let's go back home. go by 过去；遵循 Time goes by quickly. go down 下降；落下 The sun is going down. / Prices went down. go for 选择；喜欢 I'll go for the blue one. go in for 参加；喜好 She goes in for sports. go off 发出巨响；离开 The alarm went off at 7:00. go on 继续；发生 What's going on? / Go on with your story. go out 外出；熄灭 The fire went out. / Let's go out. go over 仔细检查；复习 Go over your homework carefully. go through 经历；通过；浏览 He has gone through a lot. go up 上涨；上升 Prices are going up. go with 搭配；和……一起 This shirt goes with your pants. go without 没有……也将就 He often goes without breakfast. grow 短语动词 中文释义 例句 grow into 长成 She has grown into a beautiful girl. grow up 长大 I want to be a doctor when I grow up. hand 短语动词 中文释义 例句 hand in 交上 Hand in your homework tomorrow. hand out 分发 The teacher handed out the test papers. hand over 移交 He handed over the key to me. hang 短语动词 中文释义 例句 hang on 等一下；坚持 Hang on a minute! hang out 闲逛；聚会 Kids like to hang out at the mall. hang up 挂断电话 Don't hang up! hear 短语动词 中文释义 例句 hear about 听说关于 Have you heard about the news? hear from 收到……的来信/消息 I haven't heard from him for months. hear of 听说 I've never heard of that place. hold 短语动词 中文释义 例句 hold back 阻止；忍住 She couldn't hold back her tears. hold on 等一下；坚持 Hold on, I'll be right back. hold out 伸出；维持 He held out his hand. / The food won't hold out. hold up 举起；延误 The traffic held us up. hurry 短语动词 中文释义 例句 hurry up 快点 Hurry up, or we'll be late. keep 短语动词 中文释义 例句 keep away 使……远离 Keep away from the fire. keep back 阻止；隐瞒 She couldn't keep back her anger. keep from 防止；忍住 I couldn't keep from laughing. keep off 不接近；不吃 Keep off the grass. keep on 继续 Keep on trying! keep out 不让……进入 The coat kept out the cold. keep up 保持；维持；跟上 Keep up the good work! keep up with 跟上；不落后 I can't keep up with the class. knock 短语动词 中文释义 例句 knock at/on 敲门 Someone is knocking at the door. knock down 撞倒；拆除 He was knocked down by a car. knock off 停止工作；减去 Let's knock off for lunch. knock over 打翻 The cat knocked over the vase. laugh 短语动词 中文释义 例句 laugh at 嘲笑 Don't laugh at others. leave 短语动词 中文释义 例句 leave alone 别管；不打扰 Leave me alone! leave behind 忘带；留下 I left my keys behind. leave for 动身去 He left for Beijing yesterday. leave out 省略；漏掉 You left out an important detail. let 短语动词 中文释义 例句 let down 使失望 I won't let you down. let in 让……进来 Please let me in. let out 释放；发出 Let the cat out. / She let out a cry. lie 短语动词 中文释义 例句 lie down 躺下 I'm going to lie down for a while. lie in 在于 Happiness lies in contentment. live 短语动词 中文释义 例句 live on 以……为生；继续存在 They live on rice. / His memory lives on. live through 经历……而存活 He lived through the war. live up to 不辜负；达到 Live up to your parents' expectations. look 短语动词 中文释义 例句 look after 照顾 Look after the baby while I'm out. look around 环顾；参观 We looked around the city. look at 看 Look at the blackboard. look back 回顾 Looking back, I have no regrets. look down on 看不起 Don't look down on the poor. look for 寻找 I'm looking for my keys. look forward to 期待 I look forward to hearing from you. look into 调查 The police are looking into the case. look like 看起来像 You look like your mother. look out 当心；小心 Look out! There's a car coming. look over 检查；快速浏览 Look over your paper before handing it in. look through 浏览；仔细查看 I looked through today's newspaper. look up 查询；向上看 Look up the word in the dictionary. look up to 尊敬；仰慕 I always looked up to my father. make 短语动词 中文释义 例句 make for 朝……前进；导致 It was getting dark, so we made for home. make of 理解；用……制成 What do you make of his behavior? make out 辨认；理解 I can't make out his handwriting. make up 编造；化妆；和解；弥补 He made up a story. / They made up after the fight. make up for 弥补 Hard work can make up for lack of talent. make up one's mind 下决心 I've made up my mind to go. make use of 利用 Make good use of your time. mix 短语动词 中文释义 例句 mix up 搞混；混淆 I always mix up the twins. move 短语动词 中文释义 例句 move in 搬进 We're moving in next week. move on 继续前进；转移话题 Let's move on to the next question. move out 搬出 He moved out of his parents' house. pass 短语动词 中文释义 例句 pass away 去世 His grandfather passed away last year. pass by 经过；逝去 Time passed by quickly. pass down 传下 The story was passed down from generation to generation. pass out 昏倒；分发 She passed out from the heat. pay 短语动词 中文释义 例句 pay back 归还；报复 I'll pay you back tomorrow. pay for 为……付款；为……付出代价 You'll pay for this! pay off 还清；得到回报 All his hard work paid off. pay attention to 注意 Pay attention to what I say. pick 短语动词 中文释义 例句 pick out 挑选出；辨认 Pick out the one you like. pick up 捡起；接人；学会；改善 Pick up the book. / I'll pick you up at 5. / She picked up French. point 短语动词 中文释义 例句 point out 指出 He pointed out my mistake. point to 指向；表明 The evidence points to his guilt. pull 短语动词 中文释义 例句 pull down 拆除 They pulled down the old building. pull in 进站；靠边停车 The train pulled in on time. pull out 拔出；离开 Pull out a tooth. / The train pulled out. pull up 停车 The car pulled up at the gate. push 短语动词 中文释义 例句 push ahead/on 继续前进 We pushed on despite the rain. push over 推倒 He was pushed over in the crowd. put 短语动词 中文释义 例句 put aside 放在一边；储蓄 Put aside some money every month. put away 收拾好；储存 Put away your toys. put back 放回 Put the book back on the shelf. put down 放下；记下；镇压 Put down your pen. / Put down the address. put forward 提出 He put forward a new plan. put off 推迟；延期 Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do today. put on 穿上；上演；增重 Put on your coat. / They put on a play. put out 熄灭；伸出 Put out the fire. / He put out his hand. put up 张贴；举起；宿营 Put up a poster. / Can you put me up for the night? put up with 忍受 I can't put up with the noise. run 短语动词 中文释义 例句 run after 追赶 The dog ran after the cat. run away 逃跑 Don't run away from your problems. run into 偶然遇见；撞上 I ran into an old friend today. run off 逃跑；快速离去 The thief ran off. run out 用完；耗尽 We've run out of milk. / Time is running out. run over 碾过；溢出 A car nearly ran over the dog. ring 短语动词 中文释义 例句 ring back 回电话 I'll ring you back later. ring off 挂断电话 He rang off before I could answer. ring up 打电话 Ring me up when you get home. see 短语动词 中文释义 例句 see about 处理；安排 I'll see about the tickets. see off 为……送行 I went to the station to see him off. see to 负责；照料 I'll see to the dinner. send 短语动词 中文释义 例句 send for 派人去请 We've sent for the doctor. send off 寄出；为……送行 I sent off the letter. send out 发出；分发 Send out the invitations. send up 发射 They sent up a satellite. set 短语动词 中文释义 例句 set about 开始做 We set about cleaning the room. set aside 留出；不理会 Set aside some time for reading. set off 出发；引爆；引起 We set off early in the morning. set out 出发；开始 They set out on a journey. set up 建立；创办 He set up his own company. show 短语动词 中文释义 例句 show around 带……参观 Let me show you around the school. show off 炫耀 Stop showing off! show up 出现；到场 He didn't show up at the meeting. shut 短语动词 中文释义 例句 shut down 关闭；停业 The factory shut down last year. shut off 关掉；切断 Shut off the water. shut up 闭嘴 Shut up! I can't hear. stand 短语动词 中文释义 例句 stand by 支持；做好准备 I'll stand by you. / Stand by for takeoff. stand for 代表；征；忍受 What does UFO stand for? stand out 突出；显眼 Her red dress made her stand out. stand up 起立；站立 Stand up, please. start 短语动词 中文释义 例句 start off 出发；开始 We started off at dawn. start out 出发；开始从事 He started out as a teacher. stay 短语动词 中文释义 例句 stay up 熬夜 I stayed up late last night. stick 短语动词 中文释义 例句 stick to 坚持；粘住 Stick to your dream. stick out 伸出；突出 Don't stick your head out of the window. stop 短语动词 中文释义 例句 stop by 顺便拜访 I'll stop by your office later. take 短语动词 中文释义 例句 take after 像（父母） He takes after his father. take apart 拆开 He took apart the clock. take away 拿走；带走；外卖 Take away these books. / Two coffees to take away. take back 取回；撤回 I take back what I said. take care of 照顾；处理 Take care of yourself. take down 记下；取下 Take down the notes. take in 吸收；收留；欺骗 I was taken in by his story. take it easy 别紧张；放松 Take it easy, everything will be fine. take off 脱掉；起飞；休假 Take off your shoes. / The plane took off. take on 承担；雇佣；呈现 She took on too much work. take out 取出；带……出去 Take out your books. / He took her out for dinner. take over 接管；接替 He took over the company. take part in 参加 Did you take part in the sports meeting? take place 发生；举行 The story took place in 2010. take up 开始从事；占据（时间/空间） He took up golf. / This desk takes up too much room. talk 短语动词 中文释义 例句 talk about 谈论 What are you talking about? talk over 讨论；商量 Let's talk over the plan. think 短语动词 中文释义 例句 think about 考虑；想 I'm thinking about changing my job. think of 想起；认为 What do you think of the movie? think over 仔细考虑 Think it over before you decide. think up 想出；发明 He can always think up good excuses. throw 短语动词 中文释义 例句 throw away 扔掉；浪费 Don't throw away the chance. throw up 呕吐 He threw up after the ride. try 短语动词 中文释义 例句 try on 试穿 Can I try on this dress? try out 试用；尝试 Try out the new software. try one's best 尽最大努力 I'll try my best to help you. turn 短语动词 中文释义 例句 turn around 转身；转变 Turn around and look at me. turn down 调低（声音）；拒绝 Turn down the TV. / She turned down his offer. turn in 上交 Turn in your papers. turn into 变成 Water turns into ice. turn off 关掉 Turn off the light. turn on 打开 Turn on the radio. turn out 结果是；生产 It turned out to be a nice day. turn over 翻过来；交给 Turn over the page. / He turned it over to the police. turn to 转向；求助于 Turn to page 10. / He turned to me for help. turn up 调高（声音）；出现 Turn up the music. / He didn't turn up. use 短语动词 中文释义 例句 use up 用完；耗尽 We've used up all the paper. used to 过去常常 I used to get up early. be/get used to 习惯于 I'm used to the weather here. wait 短语动词 中文释义 例句 wait for 等待 Wait for me after school. wait on 伺候；服务 She waited on us at the restaurant. wake 短语动词 中文释义 例句 wake up 醒来；叫醒 Wake up! It's 7:00. / Wake me up at 6:00. walk 短语动词 中文释义 例句 walk around 到处走动；闲逛 We walked around the park. walk away 走开 He just walked away without saying goodbye. warm 短语动词 中文释义 例句 warm up 热身；预热；变暖 Warm up before you exercise. watch 短语动词 中文释义 例句 watch out 小心；当心 Watch out! There's a car. watch over 守护；照看 Watch over the children. wear 短语动词 中文释义 例句 wear out 穿破；使筋疲力尽 My shoes are worn out. / The long walk wore me out. wear off 逐渐消失 The pain will wear off soon. work 短语动词 中文释义 例句 work at 从事于；致力于 He's working at his English. work on 继续工作；影响 I'm working on a new project. work out 算出；解决；锻炼；进展顺利 Work out the math problem. / I work out every day. / Things worked out well. write 短语动词 中文释义 例句 write back 回信 I'll write back soon. write down 写下来 Write down the new words. 附录：中考高频短语动词辨析 辨析组 短语动词 区别说明 组1 give up / give in / give out give up 主动放弃；give in 屈服/认输；give out 分发/用尽 组2 put off / put out / put up put off 推迟；put out 熄灭；put up 张贴/举起 组3 take off / take up / take over take off 脱掉/起飞；take up 开始从事/占据；take over 接管 组4 turn down / turn up / turn off turn down 调低/拒绝；turn up 调高/出现；turn off 关掉 组5 look for / look after / look up look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look up 查询 组6 come up / come up with / come out come up 被提出/发生；come up with 想出；come out 出版/结果 组7 get along / get on / get off get along 相处；get on 上车/进展；get off 下车 组8 run out / run after / run into run out 用完；run after 追赶；run into 偶遇/撞上 组9 break down / break out / break up break down 抛锚/失灵；break out 爆发；break up 分手/打碎 组10 carry on / carry out / carry off carry on 继续；carry out 执行；carry off 夺走/获得 组11 set off / set up / set out set off 出发/引爆；set up 建立；set out 出发/开始 组12 make up / make out / make for make up 编造/和解/弥补；make out 辨认/理解；make for 朝……前进 考点提醒：短语动词是英语学习的重点和难点，建议结合真题反复练习。注意掌握每个短语动词的多重含义，并在阅读中加强背景理解。 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $