Unit 8 Section A 第四课时 Grammar Focus 导学案 2025-2026学年度八年级下册人教版

该初中英语导学案聚焦Unit 8 Grammar Focus第四课时，核心知识点为现在完成时中for与since的用法辨析、现在完成时与一般过去时的区分及"How long have you…?"句型应用。课堂导入通过课前预习的温故知新（动词过去式和过去分词练习）与预习检测（for/since填空）搭建学习支架，课中以表格对比、口诀记忆、教材例句分析等引导学生梳理知识脉络。 该资料亮点在于分层设计与实践结合，通过小组采访活动提升语言运用能力，时态辨析环节培养逻辑思维品质，作业分层（基础、提高、拓展）及自我评价表助力自主学习能力发展，配套思维导图制作任务强化知识系统梳理，有效落实核心素养培养。

Unit 8 Grammar Focus 第四课时（4a-4d）导学案 班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 日期：__________ 【学习目标】 1. 能准确区分 for 和 since 的用法，并能正确选择填空。 1. 能掌握现在完成时的结构，并能用正确形式填空。 1. 能区分现在完成时和一般过去时的用法，在语境中正确选择时态。 1. 能用 “How long have you…?” 句型进行真实交际，采访同学。 【课前预习】 一、温故知新 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词： 原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 be make teach meet help get train smile work thank 二、预习检测 用 for 或 since 填空： 1. I have studied English ________ three years. 1. He has lived here ________ 2019. 1. They have been volunteers ________ last summer. 1. She has worked there ________ a long time. 【课堂探究】 探究一：语法聚焦——for 与 since 的用法辨析 知识点讲解：现在完成时的时间标志词 标志词 用法 后面接 例句 强调重点 for 表示一段时间 时间段（a long time, three years, two weeks） I have been a volunteer here for a few months. 动作或状态持续的时长 since 表示从过去某时间点开始 过去时间点（last August, 2019, his summer holidays started） She has been a volunteer since last August. 动作或状态从何时开始持续到现在 口诀记忆： for 接段，since 接点， for 问多久，since 问何时。 教材例句分析： 问句 答句 标志词 用法判断 Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. for 持续很长时间 Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. since 从去年八月开始 How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. for 持续几个月 How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. since 从暑假开始 练一练：for / since 填空 1. I have known him ________ we were in primary school. 1. She has collected donations ________ two years. 1. They have lived in this city ________ 2018. 1. We have waited for the bus ________ twenty minutes. 1. He has been a soldier ________ he joined the army. 1. The organization has trained volunteers ________ three years ago. 探究二：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 知识点讲解：时态辨析 时态 结构 时间标志 强调重点 例句 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 for, since, already, yet, ever, never 动作与现在有关联，或从过去持续到现在 I have made many new friends. 一般过去时 动词过去式 last month, yesterday, ago, in 2020 动作发生在过去某个具体时间，与现在无关 I met two national football players last month. 4c 语篇分析： I have worked with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events. I have made many new friends and I have even met many famous athletes. For example, I met two national football players from Argentina last month. 思考：为什么前四句用现在完成时，而最后一句用一般过去时？ 答：前四句强调动作从过去持续到现在或对现在有影响；最后一句有明确的过去时间 last month，与现在无关，所以用一般过去时。 练一练：用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. I ________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I ________ (make) a lot of friends since I ________ (join) the organization. 1. Mr Wu ________ (teach) in a primary school for two years now. Since he ________ (start) working there, he ________ (help) many students. 1. The organization ________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers since it ________ (begin) to offer classes three years ago. 1. Last month, I ________ (meet) two national football players. They ________ (be) at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium ________ (be) so big that they ________ (get) lost. I ________ (give) them directions and they ________ (smile) and ________ (thank) me warmly. 探究三：词汇拓展 1. 重点词汇 词汇 词性 含义 例句/搭配 army n. 军队；陆军 join the army 参军；red army 红军；field army 野战军 soldier n. 军人；士兵 teach English to the soldiers primary school n. 小学 middle school 中学；senior high school 高中； university 大学 charity n. 慈善；慈善机构 charity match 慈善比赛；charity sale 义卖； charity event 慈善活动 warmly adv. 热情地；温暖地 warm (adj.) + -ly → warmly (adv.) 2. 词根词缀记忆 词根 后缀 新词 含义 warm (adj. 温暖的) -ly warmly 热情地；温暖地（副词） 3. 固定搭配 短语 含义 例句 help out 帮忙；帮助解决困难 I have helped out at over ten different sports events. make friends 交朋友 I have made a lot of friends. give directions 指路；指引方向 I gave them directions. be proud to do sth 为做某事感到自豪 I am proud to be a volunteer. 【口语输出】 活动：小组采访（4d） 情境：Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. 采访问题： 1. How long have you known your best friend? 你认识你最好的朋友多久了？ _______________________________________________ 1. How long have you had your favourite toy? 你拥有你最喜欢的玩具多久了？ _______________________________________________ 1. How long have you lived in your neighbourhood? 你住在你的社区多久了？ _______________________________________________ 拓展问题（可自创）： 1. How long have you ________________________? _______________________________________________ 1. How long have you ________________________? _______________________________________________ 采访报告模板： Name: ____________ Question 1: How long have you known your best friend? Answer: I have known my best friend for ____________ / since ____________. Question 2: How long have you had your favourite toy? Answer: _______________________________________________ Question 3: How long have you lived in your neighbourhood? Answer: _______________________________________________ 【当堂检测】 一、单项选择 1. — How long have you been a volunteer? — ________ two years. A. For B. Since C. In D. At 1. She has worked at the nursing home ________ last August. A. For B. since C. in D. on 1. I ________ a member of the Red Cross for six years. A. Am B. was C. have been D. will be 1. The organization ________ over 6,000 volunteers since it began to offer classes. A. trained B. has trained C. trains D. is training 1. I ________ two famous athletes last month. They were at a charity match. A. have met B. met C. meet D. am meeting 1. — ________ have you lived here? — Since I was born. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 二、用 for, since 或 ago 填空 1. I have studied English ________ three years. 1. He left the army two years ________. 1. They have been friends ________ they met in primary school. 1. She has volunteered at the museum ________ a long time. 1. The charity event started ________ last Sunday. 三、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She ________ (teach) English to the soldiers for three years. 1. I ________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I ________ (make) a lot of friends since I ________ (join) the organization. 1. Mr Wu ________ (teach) in a primary school for two years now. Since he ________ (start) working there, he ________ (help) many students. 1. The organization ________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers since it ________ (begin) to offer classes three years ago. 1. I love being a volunteer! I ________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ________ (make) many new friends and I ________ even ________ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I ________ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. 【课后作业】 基础作业 1. 整理本课 for / since 的用法，制作一张思维导图或表格。 1. 熟读并背诵 Grammar Focus 中的四组对话。 提高作业 用英语写一段关于你自己的经历，要求： - 使用现在完成时（含 for / since） - 使用一般过去时（含具体过去时间） - 不少于80词 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 拓展作业（选做） 采访一位家人或朋友，用 “How long have you…?” 句型提问，记录回答并整理成一篇小报告。 【自我评价】 评价内容 我能做到 ★★★★★ 我还需要努力 我能准确区分 for 和 since 的用法 我能正确运用现在完成时的结构 我能区分现在完成时和一般过去时 我能用 How long have you…? 进行采访 我能掌握本课词汇和短语 我的收获： 我的疑问： 【参考答案】 课前预习 一、温故知新 be - was/were - been; teach - taught - taught; help - helped - helped; train - trained - trained; work - worked - worked; make - made - made; meet - met - met; get - got - got; smile - smiled - smiled; thank - thanked - thanked 二、预习检测 1. for 2. since 3. since 4. for 探究一 1. since 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. since 6. since 探究二 1. have been; have made; joined 2. has taught; started; has helped 3. has trained; began 4. met; were; was; got; gave; smiled; thanked 探究三 4c 答案： have worked; have helped; have made; have; met; met; was; was; got; gave; smiled; thanked 当堂检测 一、1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. B 二、1. for 2. ago 3. since 4. for 5. since 三、1. has taught 2. have been; have made; joined 3. has taught; started; has helped 4. has trained; began 5. have worked; have helped; have made; have; met; met 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $